Regression and Model Trees
Jairemy Edwards
2023-02-02
library(openxlsx)
library(tm)
library(car)
library(foreign)
library(readr)
library(dplyr)
library(RWeka)
library(RODBC)
library(class)
library(gmodels)
library(rpart)
library(rpart.plot)This project explores a basic application of “regression and model trees” prediction. The data used are for practice and were drawn from wine data and text: “Machine Learning with R”.
M5 algorithm
# call data
wine<-read.xlsx("C:\\Users\\Jaire\\OneDrive\\Desktop\\Exploratory Research\\ML\\whitewine.xlsx")# check data
str(wine)## 'data.frame': 4898 obs. of 12 variables:
## $ fixed.acidity : num 7 6.3 8.1 7.2 7.2 8.1 6.2 7 6.3 8.1 ...
## $ volatile.acidity : num 0.27 0.3 0.28 0.23 0.23 0.28 0.32 0.27 0.3 0.22 ...
## $ citric.acid : num 0.36 0.34 0.4 0.32 0.32 0.4 0.16 0.36 0.34 0.43 ...
## $ residual.sugar : num 20.7 1.6 6.9 8.5 8.5 6.9 7 20.7 1.6 1.5 ...
## $ chlorides : num 0.045 0.049 0.05 0.058 0.058 0.05 0.045 0.045 0.049 0.044 ...
## $ free.sulfur.dioxide : num 45 14 30 47 47 30 30 45 14 28 ...
## $ total.sulfur.dioxide: num 170 132 97 186 186 97 136 170 132 129 ...
## $ density : num 1.001 0.994 0.995 0.996 0.996 ...
## $ pH : num 3 3.3 3.26 3.19 3.19 3.26 3.18 3 3.3 3.22 ...
## $ sulphates : num 0.45 0.49 0.44 0.4 0.4 0.44 0.47 0.45 0.49 0.45 ...
## $ alcohol : num 8.8 9.5 10.1 9.9 9.9 10.1 9.6 8.8 9.5 11 ...
## $ quality : num 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 ...# check distribution of vector of interest
hist(wine$quality)
# create training (%75) and test data (%25)
wine_train <- wine[1:3750, ]
wine_test <- wine[3751:4898, ]# create and view model
m.rpart <- rpart(quality ~ ., data = wine_train)
summary(m.rpart)## Call:
## rpart(formula = quality ~ ., data = wine_train)
## n= 3750
##
## CP nsplit rel error xerror xstd
## 1 0.17816211 0 1.0000000 1.0003646 0.02388061
## 2 0.04439109 1 0.8218379 0.8262527 0.02244690
## 3 0.02890893 2 0.7774468 0.7896777 0.02212491
## 4 0.01655575 3 0.7485379 0.7604844 0.02089451
## 5 0.01108600 4 0.7319821 0.7473686 0.02052070
## 6 0.01000000 5 0.7208961 0.7424128 0.02047751
##
## Variable importance
## alcohol density chlorides
## 38 23 12
## volatile.acidity total.sulfur.dioxide free.sulfur.dioxide
## 12 7 6
## sulphates pH residual.sugar
## 1 1 1
##
## Node number 1: 3750 observations, complexity param=0.1781621
## mean=5.886933, MSE=0.8373493
## left son=2 (2473 obs) right son=3 (1277 obs)
## Primary splits:
## alcohol < 10.85 to the left, improve=0.17816210, (0 missing)
## density < 0.992385 to the right, improve=0.11980970, (0 missing)
## chlorides < 0.0395 to the right, improve=0.08199995, (0 missing)
## total.sulfur.dioxide < 153.5 to the right, improve=0.03875440, (0 missing)
## free.sulfur.dioxide < 11.75 to the left, improve=0.03632119, (0 missing)
## Surrogate splits:
## density < 0.99201 to the right, agree=0.869, adj=0.614, (0 split)
## chlorides < 0.0375 to the right, agree=0.773, adj=0.334, (0 split)
## total.sulfur.dioxide < 102.5 to the right, agree=0.705, adj=0.132, (0 split)
## sulphates < 0.345 to the right, agree=0.670, adj=0.031, (0 split)
## fixed.acidity < 5.25 to the right, agree=0.662, adj=0.009, (0 split)
##
## Node number 2: 2473 observations, complexity param=0.04439109
## mean=5.609381, MSE=0.6108623
## left son=4 (1406 obs) right son=5 (1067 obs)
## Primary splits:
## volatile.acidity < 0.2425 to the right, improve=0.09227123, (0 missing)
## free.sulfur.dioxide < 13.5 to the left, improve=0.04177240, (0 missing)
## alcohol < 10.15 to the left, improve=0.03313802, (0 missing)
## citric.acid < 0.205 to the left, improve=0.02721200, (0 missing)
## pH < 3.325 to the left, improve=0.01860335, (0 missing)
## Surrogate splits:
## total.sulfur.dioxide < 111.5 to the right, agree=0.610, adj=0.097, (0 split)
## pH < 3.295 to the left, agree=0.598, adj=0.067, (0 split)
## alcohol < 10.05 to the left, agree=0.590, adj=0.049, (0 split)
## sulphates < 0.715 to the left, agree=0.584, adj=0.037, (0 split)
## residual.sugar < 1.85 to the right, agree=0.581, adj=0.029, (0 split)
##
## Node number 3: 1277 observations, complexity param=0.02890893
## mean=6.424432, MSE=0.8378682
## left son=6 (93 obs) right son=7 (1184 obs)
## Primary splits:
## free.sulfur.dioxide < 11.5 to the left, improve=0.08484051, (0 missing)
## alcohol < 11.85 to the left, improve=0.06149941, (0 missing)
## fixed.acidity < 7.35 to the right, improve=0.04259695, (0 missing)
## residual.sugar < 1.275 to the left, improve=0.02795662, (0 missing)
## total.sulfur.dioxide < 67.5 to the left, improve=0.02541719, (0 missing)
## Surrogate splits:
## total.sulfur.dioxide < 48.5 to the left, agree=0.937, adj=0.14, (0 split)
##
## Node number 4: 1406 observations, complexity param=0.011086
## mean=5.40256, MSE=0.526423
## left son=8 (182 obs) right son=9 (1224 obs)
## Primary splits:
## volatile.acidity < 0.4225 to the right, improve=0.04703189, (0 missing)
## free.sulfur.dioxide < 17.5 to the left, improve=0.04607770, (0 missing)
## total.sulfur.dioxide < 86.5 to the left, improve=0.02894310, (0 missing)
## alcohol < 10.25 to the left, improve=0.02890077, (0 missing)
## chlorides < 0.0455 to the right, improve=0.02096635, (0 missing)
## Surrogate splits:
## density < 0.99107 to the left, agree=0.874, adj=0.027, (0 split)
## citric.acid < 0.11 to the left, agree=0.873, adj=0.022, (0 split)
## fixed.acidity < 9.85 to the right, agree=0.873, adj=0.016, (0 split)
## chlorides < 0.206 to the right, agree=0.871, adj=0.005, (0 split)
##
## Node number 5: 1067 observations
## mean=5.881912, MSE=0.591491
##
## Node number 6: 93 observations
## mean=5.473118, MSE=1.066482
##
## Node number 7: 1184 observations, complexity param=0.01655575
## mean=6.499155, MSE=0.7432425
## left son=14 (611 obs) right son=15 (573 obs)
## Primary splits:
## alcohol < 11.85 to the left, improve=0.05907511, (0 missing)
## fixed.acidity < 7.35 to the right, improve=0.04400660, (0 missing)
## density < 0.991395 to the right, improve=0.02522410, (0 missing)
## residual.sugar < 1.225 to the left, improve=0.02503936, (0 missing)
## pH < 3.245 to the left, improve=0.02417936, (0 missing)
## Surrogate splits:
## density < 0.991115 to the right, agree=0.710, adj=0.401, (0 split)
## volatile.acidity < 0.2675 to the left, agree=0.665, adj=0.307, (0 split)
## chlorides < 0.0365 to the right, agree=0.631, adj=0.237, (0 split)
## total.sulfur.dioxide < 126.5 to the right, agree=0.566, adj=0.103, (0 split)
## residual.sugar < 1.525 to the left, agree=0.560, adj=0.091, (0 split)
##
## Node number 8: 182 observations
## mean=4.994505, MSE=0.5109588
##
## Node number 9: 1224 observations
## mean=5.463235, MSE=0.5002823
##
## Node number 14: 611 observations
## mean=6.296236, MSE=0.7322117
##
## Node number 15: 573 observations
## mean=6.715532, MSE=0.6642788# visualize decision tree
rpart.plot(m.rpart, digits = 3)
rpart.plot(m.rpart, digits = 4, fallen.leaves = TRUE,
type = 3, extra = 101)
# create predictions on test data, check estimates
p.rpart <- predict(m.rpart, wine_test)
summary(p.rpart)## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 4.995 5.463 5.882 5.999 6.296 6.716summary(wine_test$quality)## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 3.000 5.000 6.000 5.848 6.000 8.000cor(p.rpart, wine_test$quality)## [1] 0.4931608# create mean of the absolute value of the errors function
MAE <- function(actual, predicted) {
mean(abs(actual - predicted))}# adjust model to correctly ID outliers, create and assess mean of the absolute value of the errors
MAE(p.rpart, wine_test$quality)## [1] 0.5732104mean(wine_train$quality)## [1] 5.886933MAE(5.87, wine_test$quality)## [1] 0.5815679The imputed mean (0.5815679) is close to the regression tree estimates (0.5732104)
Alternative: Model Tree
# fit model using
m.m5p <- M5P(quality ~ ., data = wine_train)# view model
m.m5p## M5 pruned model tree:
## (using smoothed linear models)
##
## alcohol <= 10.85 :
## | volatile.acidity <= 0.282 :
## | | volatile.acidity <= 0.207 :
## | | | residual.sugar <= 10.1 :
## | | | | alcohol <= 10.15 :
## | | | | | citric.acid <= 0.275 : LM1 (66/46.178%)
## | | | | | citric.acid > 0.275 :
## | | | | | | fixed.acidity <= 7.45 :
## | | | | | | | alcohol <= 9.85 : LM2 (89/64.134%)
## | | | | | | | alcohol > 9.85 :
## | | | | | | | | density <= 0.993 :
## | | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity <= 6.6 : LM3 (7/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity > 6.6 : LM4 (13/49.88%)
## | | | | | | | | density > 0.993 :
## | | | | | | | | | residual.sugar <= 1.85 : LM5 (5/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | residual.sugar > 1.85 : LM6 (7/15.602%)
## | | | | | | fixed.acidity > 7.45 : LM7 (59/74.093%)
## | | | | alcohol > 10.15 : LM8 (214/81.981%)
## | | | residual.sugar > 10.1 :
## | | | | citric.acid <= 0.305 :
## | | | | | citric.acid <= 0.275 : LM9 (15/50.102%)
## | | | | | citric.acid > 0.275 :
## | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 30.5 : LM10 (14/0%)
## | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 30.5 :
## | | | | | | | chlorides <= 0.055 :
## | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 51.25 :
## | | | | | | | | | density <= 0.997 :
## | | | | | | | | | | residual.sugar <= 10.35 : LM11 (3/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | residual.sugar > 10.35 : LM12 (3/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | density > 0.997 : LM13 (8/0%)
## | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 51.25 : LM14 (6/0%)
## | | | | | | | chlorides > 0.055 : LM15 (6/0%)
## | | | | citric.acid > 0.305 :
## | | | | | citric.acid <= 0.435 :
## | | | | | | chlorides <= 0.052 :
## | | | | | | | density <= 0.997 :
## | | | | | | | | sulphates <= 0.57 : LM16 (11/18.751%)
## | | | | | | | | sulphates > 0.57 : LM17 (6/0%)
## | | | | | | | density > 0.997 :
## | | | | | | | | density <= 0.999 : LM18 (22/0%)
## | | | | | | | | density > 0.999 : LM19 (6/28.153%)
## | | | | | | chlorides > 0.052 : LM20 (13/0%)
## | | | | | citric.acid > 0.435 :
## | | | | | | citric.acid <= 0.495 :
## | | | | | | | pH <= 3.205 : LM21 (10/38.853%)
## | | | | | | | pH > 3.205 :
## | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity <= 7.55 : LM22 (3/0%)
## | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity > 7.55 : LM23 (3/0%)
## | | | | | | citric.acid > 0.495 :
## | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 51.5 : LM24 (12/0%)
## | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 51.5 :
## | | | | | | | | citric.acid <= 0.67 : LM25 (2/0%)
## | | | | | | | | citric.acid > 0.67 : LM26 (5/0%)
## | | volatile.acidity > 0.207 :
## | | | alcohol <= 9.95 :
## | | | | citric.acid <= 0.265 :
## | | | | | chlorides <= 0.046 :
## | | | | | | residual.sugar <= 6.25 :
## | | | | | | | chlorides <= 0.038 : LM27 (5/0%)
## | | | | | | | chlorides > 0.038 :
## | | | | | | | | density <= 0.994 : LM28 (5/0%)
## | | | | | | | | density > 0.994 :
## | | | | | | | | | volatile.acidity <= 0.253 : LM29 (2/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | volatile.acidity > 0.253 : LM30 (2/0%)
## | | | | | | residual.sugar > 6.25 : LM31 (51/40.682%)
## | | | | | chlorides > 0.046 :
## | | | | | | chlorides <= 0.057 :
## | | | | | | | pH <= 3.18 : LM32 (24/0%)
## | | | | | | | pH > 3.18 : LM33 (24/48.999%)
## | | | | | | chlorides > 0.057 : LM34 (27/78.724%)
## | | | | citric.acid > 0.265 :
## | | | | | citric.acid <= 0.425 :
## | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 146.5 :
## | | | | | | | density <= 1 :
## | | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 115.5 :
## | | | | | | | | | pH <= 3.175 :
## | | | | | | | | | | density <= 0.996 : LM35 (14/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | density > 0.996 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | citric.acid <= 0.305 : LM36 (2/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | citric.acid > 0.305 : LM37 (3/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | pH > 3.175 :
## | | | | | | | | | | residual.sugar <= 1.1 : LM38 (2/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | residual.sugar > 1.1 : LM39 (6/0%)
## | | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 115.5 :
## | | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 24.5 : LM40 (12/30.204%)
## | | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 24.5 :
## | | | | | | | | | | volatile.acidity <= 0.235 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | pH <= 3.085 : LM41 (9/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | pH > 3.085 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | | residual.sugar <= 16.75 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | | | residual.sugar <= 9.65 : LM42 (4/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | | | residual.sugar > 9.65 : LM43 (7/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | | residual.sugar > 16.75 : LM44 (5/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | volatile.acidity > 0.235 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | citric.acid <= 0.35 : LM45 (9/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | citric.acid > 0.35 : LM46 (5/43.713%)
## | | | | | | | density > 1 :
## | | | | | | | | residual.sugar <= 15.05 : LM47 (5/58.835%)
## | | | | | | | | residual.sugar > 15.05 : LM48 (16/0%)
## | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 146.5 :
## | | | | | | | fixed.acidity <= 6.65 : LM49 (74/60.126%)
## | | | | | | | fixed.acidity > 6.65 :
## | | | | | | | | pH <= 3.145 : LM50 (102/68.399%)
## | | | | | | | | pH > 3.145 : LM51 (77/61.812%)
## | | | | | citric.acid > 0.425 : LM52 (135/57.831%)
## | | | alcohol > 9.95 :
## | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 27.5 :
## | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 13.5 : LM53 (33/98.682%)
## | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 13.5 : LM54 (86/62.63%)
## | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 27.5 :
## | | | | | pH <= 3.325 :
## | | | | | | volatile.acidity <= 0.263 :
## | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 55.5 : LM55 (103/57.077%)
## | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 55.5 :
## | | | | | | | | residual.sugar <= 8 : LM56 (15/40.324%)
## | | | | | | | | residual.sugar > 8 :
## | | | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 155 :
## | | | | | | | | | | chlorides <= 0.039 : LM57 (2/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | chlorides > 0.039 : LM58 (4/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 155 : LM59 (8/0%)
## | | | | | | volatile.acidity > 0.263 :
## | | | | | | | chlorides <= 0.044 :
## | | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 130.5 : LM60 (5/30.588%)
## | | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 130.5 :
## | | | | | | | | | density <= 0.992 : LM61 (3/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | density > 0.992 :
## | | | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity <= 6.85 : LM62 (4/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity > 6.85 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 30.5 : LM63 (2/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 30.5 : LM64 (4/22.369%)
## | | | | | | | chlorides > 0.044 :
## | | | | | | | | density <= 0.995 : LM65 (9/57.073%)
## | | | | | | | | density > 0.995 : LM66 (7/0%)
## | | | | | pH > 3.325 : LM67 (72/73.853%)
## | volatile.acidity > 0.282 :
## | | volatile.acidity <= 0.422 :
## | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 21.5 : LM68 (143/70.071%)
## | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 21.5 :
## | | | | alcohol <= 9.25 : LM69 (188/55.598%)
## | | | | alcohol > 9.25 :
## | | | | | chlorides <= 0.04 : LM70 (94/71.599%)
## | | | | | chlorides > 0.04 :
## | | | | | | volatile.acidity <= 0.305 : LM71 (70/66.297%)
## | | | | | | volatile.acidity > 0.305 :
## | | | | | | | citric.acid <= 0.345 : LM72 (132/54.604%)
## | | | | | | | citric.acid > 0.345 :
## | | | | | | | | volatile.acidity <= 0.335 :
## | | | | | | | | | chlorides <= 0.044 : LM73 (7/37.561%)
## | | | | | | | | | chlorides > 0.044 : LM74 (20/0%)
## | | | | | | | | volatile.acidity > 0.335 :
## | | | | | | | | | pH <= 3.15 :
## | | | | | | | | | | volatile.acidity <= 0.375 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | pH <= 3.055 : LM75 (6/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | pH > 3.055 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | | sulphates <= 0.42 : LM76 (5/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | | sulphates > 0.42 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | | | pH <= 3.105 : LM77 (5/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | | | pH > 3.105 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | | | | volatile.acidity <= 0.355 : LM78 (2/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | | | | volatile.acidity > 0.355 : LM79 (2/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | volatile.acidity > 0.375 : LM80 (10/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | pH > 3.15 :
## | | | | | | | | | | residual.sugar <= 9.45 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | density <= 0.996 : LM81 (4/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | density > 0.996 : LM82 (4/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | residual.sugar > 9.45 : LM83 (7/0%)
## | | volatile.acidity > 0.422 :
## | | | volatile.acidity <= 0.587 :
## | | | | chlorides <= 0.049 :
## | | | | | residual.sugar <= 10.65 : LM84 (49/74.502%)
## | | | | | residual.sugar > 10.65 : LM85 (17/56.041%)
## | | | | chlorides > 0.049 : LM86 (71/54.436%)
## | | | volatile.acidity > 0.587 : LM87 (45/63.658%)
## alcohol > 10.85 :
## | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 20.5 :
## | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 10.5 : LM88 (81/104.574%)
## | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 10.5 : LM89 (224/87.002%)
## | free.sulfur.dioxide > 20.5 :
## | | alcohol <= 12.05 :
## | | | fixed.acidity <= 7.35 :
## | | | | sulphates <= 0.565 :
## | | | | | residual.sugar <= 2.05 :
## | | | | | | density <= 0.991 : LM90 (76/70.139%)
## | | | | | | density > 0.991 : LM91 (53/88.647%)
## | | | | | residual.sugar > 2.05 :
## | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 38.5 :
## | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 125 : LM92 (66/68.756%)
## | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 125 : LM93 (39/85.617%)
## | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 38.5 : LM94 (77/74.028%)
## | | | | sulphates > 0.565 : LM95 (99/67.429%)
## | | | fixed.acidity > 7.35 :
## | | | | density <= 0.994 : LM96 (123/81.196%)
## | | | | density > 0.994 : LM97 (53/63.304%)
## | | alcohol > 12.05 :
## | | | sulphates <= 0.475 :
## | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 112.5 :
## | | | | | alcohol <= 12.55 : LM98 (56/55.393%)
## | | | | | alcohol > 12.55 :
## | | | | | | citric.acid <= 0.285 :
## | | | | | | | citric.acid <= 0.245 : LM99 (5/36.972%)
## | | | | | | | citric.acid > 0.245 : LM100 (5/0%)
## | | | | | | citric.acid > 0.285 :
## | | | | | | | sulphates <= 0.415 :
## | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 34.5 :
## | | | | | | | | | alcohol <= 13.3 :
## | | | | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 77.5 : LM101 (5/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 77.5 : LM102 (9/27.113%)
## | | | | | | | | | alcohol > 13.3 : LM103 (4/47.32%)
## | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 34.5 : LM104 (5/0%)
## | | | | | | | sulphates > 0.415 :
## | | | | | | | | pH <= 3.225 : LM105 (4/9.044%)
## | | | | | | | | pH > 3.225 : LM106 (4/0%)
## | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 112.5 :
## | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 35.5 : LM107 (56/78.811%)
## | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 35.5 : LM108 (79/66.147%)
## | | | sulphates > 0.475 :
## | | | | citric.acid <= 0.345 :
## | | | | | pH <= 3.155 : LM109 (22/28.736%)
## | | | | | pH > 3.155 :
## | | | | | | residual.sugar <= 1.85 : LM110 (15/69.709%)
## | | | | | | residual.sugar > 1.85 : LM111 (59/58.202%)
## | | | | citric.acid > 0.345 : LM112 (58/78.288%)
##
## LM num: 1
## quality =
## 0.0496 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1195 * citric.acid
## + 0.0803 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0388 * chlorides
## + 1.0289 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0017 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 117.4688 * density
## - 87.6934 * pH
## + 1.2306 * sulphates
## + 0.4379 * alcohol
## + 207.4502
##
## LM num: 2
## quality =
## 0.0649 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1195 * citric.acid
## - 0.0156 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0337 * chlorides
## + 0.6633 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0038 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0009 * density
## - 82.3489 * pH
## + 1.3566 * sulphates
## + 0.5559 * alcohol
## + 84.3863
##
## LM num: 3
## quality =
## 0.152 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.1047 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1195 * citric.acid
## - 0.0156 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0391 * chlorides
## + 0.6633 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0054 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 85.756 * density
## - 103.5429 * pH
## + 0.5226 * sulphates
## + 0.757 * alcohol
## + 191.2577
##
## LM num: 4
## quality =
## 0.1397 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.1047 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1195 * citric.acid
## - 0.0156 * residual.sugar
## + 5.2812 * chlorides
## + 0.6633 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0054 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 85.756 * density
## - 103.5429 * pH
## + 0.5226 * sulphates
## + 0.757 * alcohol
## + 191.1871
##
## LM num: 5
## quality =
## 0.1227 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.1047 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1195 * citric.acid
## - 0.0156 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0391 * chlorides
## + 0.6633 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0054 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 111.1648 * density
## - 103.5429 * pH
## + 0.5226 * sulphates
## + 0.757 * alcohol
## + 216.4052
##
## LM num: 6
## quality =
## 0.1227 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.1047 * volatile.acidity
## - 4.9064 * citric.acid
## - 0.0156 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0391 * chlorides
## + 0.6633 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0043 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 111.1648 * density
## - 103.5429 * pH
## + 0.5226 * sulphates
## + 0.757 * alcohol
## + 218.1117
##
## LM num: 7
## quality =
## -0.2034 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.032 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1195 * citric.acid
## - 0.0156 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0335 * chlorides
## + 0.6727 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0039 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0008 * density
## - 77.0631 * pH
## + 0.4009 * sulphates
## + 0.4942 * alcohol
## + 81.8479
##
## LM num: 8
## quality =
## 0.0209 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1195 * citric.acid
## - 0.0156 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0146 * chlorides
## + 0.4346 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0001 * density
## - 29.7968 * pH
## + 0.1267 * sulphates
## + 0.1532 * alcohol
## + 34.9695
##
## LM num: 9
## quality =
## 0.5123 * fixed.acidity
## + 6.1308 * volatile.acidity
## + 2.6439 * citric.acid
## - 0.0455 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0145 * chlorides
## + 0.4099 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * density
## - 27.6843 * pH
## + 0.1008 * sulphates
## + 0.1372 * alcohol
## + 28.2284
##
## LM num: 10
## quality =
## 0.2052 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0196 * volatile.acidity
## + 1.2384 * citric.acid
## - 0.1119 * residual.sugar
## - 8.7167 * chlorides
## + 0.4088 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 127.8654 * density
## - 27.6843 * pH
## + 0.1008 * sulphates
## + 0.1372 * alcohol
## - 93.9949
##
## LM num: 11
## quality =
## 0.2052 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0196 * volatile.acidity
## + 1.2384 * citric.acid
## - 0.1617 * residual.sugar
## - 6.1612 * chlorides
## + 0.4026 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 164.9383 * density
## - 27.6843 * pH
## + 0.1008 * sulphates
## + 0.1372 * alcohol
## - 130.1995
##
## LM num: 12
## quality =
## 0.2052 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0196 * volatile.acidity
## + 1.2384 * citric.acid
## - 0.1617 * residual.sugar
## - 6.1612 * chlorides
## + 0.4026 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 164.9383 * density
## - 27.6843 * pH
## + 0.1008 * sulphates
## + 0.1372 * alcohol
## - 130.2078
##
## LM num: 13
## quality =
## 0.2052 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0196 * volatile.acidity
## + 1.2384 * citric.acid
## - 0.1487 * residual.sugar
## - 6.1612 * chlorides
## + 0.4026 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 164.9383 * density
## - 27.6843 * pH
## + 0.1008 * sulphates
## + 0.1372 * alcohol
## - 130.3516
##
## LM num: 14
## quality =
## 0.2052 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0196 * volatile.acidity
## + 1.2384 * citric.acid
## - 0.1374 * residual.sugar
## - 6.1612 * chlorides
## + 0.4015 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 172.5486 * density
## - 27.6843 * pH
## + 0.1008 * sulphates
## + 0.1372 * alcohol
## - 138.0831
##
## LM num: 15
## quality =
## 0.2052 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0196 * volatile.acidity
## + 1.2384 * citric.acid
## - 0.135 * residual.sugar
## - 6.1612 * chlorides
## + 0.4025 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 181.3076 * density
## - 27.6843 * pH
## + 0.1008 * sulphates
## + 0.1372 * alcohol
## - 146.7274
##
## LM num: 16
## quality =
## 0.4254 * fixed.acidity
## + 1.0239 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.3325 * citric.acid
## - 0.0308 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0145 * chlorides
## + 0.416 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 58.9145 * density
## - 27.6843 * pH
## + 1.2124 * sulphates
## + 0.1372 * alcohol
## + 88.0625
##
## LM num: 17
## quality =
## 0.3275 * fixed.acidity
## + 1.0239 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.3325 * citric.acid
## - 0.0308 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0145 * chlorides
## + 0.416 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 58.9145 * density
## - 27.6843 * pH
## + 1.3728 * sulphates
## + 0.1372 * alcohol
## + 88.7343
##
## LM num: 18
## quality =
## 0.1428 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.767 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.3325 * citric.acid
## - 0.0204 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0145 * chlorides
## + 0.416 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 66.5438 * density
## - 27.6843 * pH
## + 0.456 * sulphates
## + 0.1372 * alcohol
## + 97.9113
##
## LM num: 19
## quality =
## 0.1428 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.767 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.3325 * citric.acid
## + 0.0247 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0145 * chlorides
## + 0.416 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 83.8395 * density
## - 27.6843 * pH
## + 0.456 * sulphates
## + 0.1372 * alcohol
## + 114.4554
##
## LM num: 20
## quality =
## 0.0305 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0196 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.3325 * citric.acid
## - 0.0455 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0145 * chlorides
## + 0.416 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * density
## - 27.6843 * pH
## + 0.2148 * sulphates
## + 0.1372 * alcohol
## + 32.9088
##
## LM num: 21
## quality =
## 0.0305 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.8924 * volatile.acidity
## + 1.8355 * citric.acid
## - 0.0455 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0145 * chlorides
## + 0.416 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * density
## - 26.8063 * pH
## + 0.2673 * sulphates
## + 0.4283 * alcohol
## + 26.2329
##
## LM num: 22
## quality =
## 0.0801 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0196 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.1333 * citric.acid
## - 0.0455 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0145 * chlorides
## + 0.416 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * density
## - 26.6391 * pH
## + 0.2673 * sulphates
## + 0.1372 * alcohol
## + 29.8621
##
## LM num: 23
## quality =
## 0.0801 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0196 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.1333 * citric.acid
## - 0.0455 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0145 * chlorides
## + 0.416 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * density
## - 26.6391 * pH
## + 0.2673 * sulphates
## + 0.1372 * alcohol
## + 29.875
##
## LM num: 24
## quality =
## 0.0305 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0196 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.601 * citric.acid
## - 0.0455 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0145 * chlorides
## + 0.416 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * density
## - 27.6843 * pH
## + 0.2673 * sulphates
## + 0.1372 * alcohol
## + 33.6464
##
## LM num: 25
## quality =
## 0.0305 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0196 * volatile.acidity
## - 3.3422 * citric.acid
## - 0.0455 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0145 * chlorides
## + 0.416 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * density
## - 27.6843 * pH
## + 0.2673 * sulphates
## + 0.1372 * alcohol
## + 34.8327
##
## LM num: 26
## quality =
## 0.0305 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0196 * volatile.acidity
## - 3.0994 * citric.acid
## - 0.0455 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0145 * chlorides
## + 0.416 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * density
## - 27.6843 * pH
## + 0.2673 * sulphates
## + 0.1372 * alcohol
## + 34.6333
##
## LM num: 27
## quality =
## 0.0703 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0156 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.6574 * citric.acid
## + 0.0243 * residual.sugar
## - 67.0175 * chlorides
## + 0.0315 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0012 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 119.9591 * density
## - 30.6011 * pH
## + 0.919 * sulphates
## + 0.1648 * alcohol
## + 156.9039
##
## LM num: 28
## quality =
## 0.0703 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0156 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.6574 * citric.acid
## + 0.0243 * residual.sugar
## - 58.9969 * chlorides
## + 0.0315 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0012 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 150.9471 * density
## - 30.6011 * pH
## + 0.919 * sulphates
## + 0.1648 * alcohol
## + 187.2329
##
## LM num: 29
## quality =
## 0.0703 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.4472 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.6574 * citric.acid
## + 0.0243 * residual.sugar
## - 58.9969 * chlorides
## + 0.0315 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0012 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 153.3651 * density
## - 30.6011 * pH
## + 0.919 * sulphates
## + 0.1648 * alcohol
## + 189.4848
##
## LM num: 30
## quality =
## 0.0703 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.4472 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.6574 * citric.acid
## + 0.0243 * residual.sugar
## - 58.9969 * chlorides
## + 0.0315 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0012 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 153.3651 * density
## - 30.6011 * pH
## + 0.919 * sulphates
## + 0.1648 * alcohol
## + 189.4879
##
## LM num: 31
## quality =
## -0.1508 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0156 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.6574 * citric.acid
## + 0.0243 * residual.sugar
## - 9.3904 * chlorides
## + 0.0214 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0005 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 46.7687 * density
## - 31.5322 * pH
## + 2.6091 * sulphates
## + 0.1648 * alcohol
## + 85.973
##
## LM num: 32
## quality =
## 0.0156 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.6574 * citric.acid
## + 0.0344 * residual.sugar
## - 1.7245 * chlorides
## + 0.0356 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 93.0156 * density
## - 30.2048 * pH
## + 0.5967 * sulphates
## + 0.1648 * alcohol
## + 126.2803
##
## LM num: 33
## quality =
## 0.0156 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.6574 * citric.acid
## + 0.0344 * residual.sugar
## - 1.7245 * chlorides
## + 0.0356 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 93.0156 * density
## - 30.2048 * pH
## + 1.711 * sulphates
## + 0.1648 * alcohol
## + 125.8596
##
## LM num: 34
## quality =
## -0.2318 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0156 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.6574 * citric.acid
## + 0.0409 * residual.sugar
## - 1.7245 * chlorides
## + 0.0518 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 112.9779 * density
## - 30.3269 * pH
## + 0.3189 * sulphates
## + 0.1648 * alcohol
## + 147.7215
##
## LM num: 35
## quality =
## -0.0373 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0097 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.1116 * citric.acid
## - 0.0206 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0089 * chlorides
## + 0.1432 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0012 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 5.3167 * density
## - 20.8994 * pH
## - 0.0294 * sulphates
## + 0.2675 * alcohol
## + 20.4697
##
## LM num: 36
## quality =
## -0.0373 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0097 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.6856 * citric.acid
## - 0.0206 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0089 * chlorides
## + 0.1432 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0012 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 16.0734 * density
## - 20.8994 * pH
## - 0.0294 * sulphates
## + 0.2675 * alcohol
## + 9.6669
##
## LM num: 37
## quality =
## -0.0373 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0097 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.7093 * citric.acid
## - 0.0206 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0089 * chlorides
## + 0.1432 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0012 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 16.0734 * density
## - 20.8994 * pH
## - 0.0294 * sulphates
## + 0.2675 * alcohol
## + 9.6825
##
## LM num: 38
## quality =
## -0.0373 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0097 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.1116 * citric.acid
## - 0.0206 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0089 * chlorides
## + 0.1432 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0012 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 7.6551 * density
## - 20.8068 * pH
## - 0.0294 * sulphates
## + 0.2675 * alcohol
## + 33.198
##
## LM num: 39
## quality =
## -0.0373 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0097 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.1116 * citric.acid
## - 0.0206 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0089 * chlorides
## + 0.1432 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0012 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 7.6551 * density
## - 20.8068 * pH
## - 0.0294 * sulphates
## + 0.2675 * alcohol
## + 33.2209
##
## LM num: 40
## quality =
## -0.0373 * fixed.acidity
## - 1.338 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.1116 * citric.acid
## - 0.0274 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0089 * chlorides
## + 0.1405 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0008 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 26.3738 * density
## - 21.3441 * pH
## - 0.0294 * sulphates
## + 0.2675 * alcohol
## + 54.1599
##
## LM num: 41
## quality =
## -0.0373 * fixed.acidity
## - 1.4177 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.1116 * citric.acid
## - 0.0274 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0089 * chlorides
## + 0.1419 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0008 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 26.3738 * density
## - 21.4879 * pH
## - 0.0294 * sulphates
## + 0.2675 * alcohol
## + 54.5573
##
## LM num: 42
## quality =
## -0.0373 * fixed.acidity
## - 1.4177 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.1116 * citric.acid
## - 0.0307 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0089 * chlorides
## + 0.1419 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0008 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 26.3738 * density
## - 21.4271 * pH
## - 0.0294 * sulphates
## + 0.2675 * alcohol
## + 54.3559
##
## LM num: 43
## quality =
## -0.0373 * fixed.acidity
## - 1.4177 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.1116 * citric.acid
## - 0.0302 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0089 * chlorides
## + 0.1419 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0008 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 26.3738 * density
## - 21.4271 * pH
## - 0.0294 * sulphates
## + 0.2675 * alcohol
## + 54.3387
##
## LM num: 44
## quality =
## -0.0373 * fixed.acidity
## - 1.4177 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.1116 * citric.acid
## - 0.0274 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0089 * chlorides
## + 0.1419 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0008 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 26.3738 * density
## - 21.4271 * pH
## - 0.0294 * sulphates
## + 0.2675 * alcohol
## + 54.3353
##
## LM num: 45
## quality =
## -0.0373 * fixed.acidity
## - 1.7035 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.2688 * citric.acid
## - 0.0274 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0089 * chlorides
## + 0.1419 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0008 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 26.3738 * density
## - 21.2186 * pH
## - 0.0294 * sulphates
## + 0.2675 * alcohol
## + 53.3604
##
## LM num: 46
## quality =
## -0.0373 * fixed.acidity
## - 1.7035 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1002 * citric.acid
## - 0.0274 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0089 * chlorides
## + 0.1419 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0008 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 26.3738 * density
## - 21.2186 * pH
## - 0.0294 * sulphates
## + 0.2675 * alcohol
## + 53.3441
##
## LM num: 47
## quality =
## -0.1902 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0097 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.6172 * citric.acid
## - 0.0453 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0089 * chlorides
## + 0.1451 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0008 * density
## - 21.0931 * pH
## - 0.0294 * sulphates
## + 0.2675 * alcohol
## + 27.6418
##
## LM num: 48
## quality =
## -0.0964 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0097 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.6172 * citric.acid
## - 0.0453 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0089 * chlorides
## + 0.1451 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0008 * density
## - 21.0931 * pH
## - 0.0294 * sulphates
## + 0.2675 * alcohol
## + 26.779
##
## LM num: 49
## quality =
## -6.8807 * volatile.acidity
## - 2.2888 * citric.acid
## + 0.0028 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0116 * chlorides
## + 0.5173 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0007 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 151.6726 * density
## - 20.0671 * pH
## - 0.1039 * sulphates
## + 0.4164 * alcohol
## + 176.1433
##
## LM num: 50
## quality =
## -0.1254 * fixed.acidity
## - 5.7221 * volatile.acidity
## - 3.728 * citric.acid
## - 0.0355 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0049 * chlorides
## + 0.3076 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0045 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0007 * density
## - 5.6339 * pH
## - 0.2195 * sulphates
## + 0.4467 * alcohol
## + 14.807
##
## LM num: 51
## quality =
## -0.2414 * fixed.acidity
## - 0.0174 * volatile.acidity
## + 1.47 * citric.acid
## - 0.0355 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0034 * chlorides
## + 0.3142 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0003 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0007 * density
## - 1.4331 * pH
## + 1.2034 * sulphates
## + 0.4884 * alcohol
## + 7.8975
##
## LM num: 52
## quality =
## 0.0097 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.8681 * citric.acid
## - 0.0868 * residual.sugar
## + 2.4897 * chlorides
## + 0.2947 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0004 * density
## - 25.9035 * pH
## + 0.0418 * sulphates
## + 0.5273 * alcohol
## + 27.7486
##
## LM num: 53
## quality =
## 0.0378 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.2385 * citric.acid
## + 0.3919 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0374 * chlorides
## + 0.0364 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0015 * density
## - 113.0943 * pH
## + 0.4485 * sulphates
## + 0.177 * alcohol
## + 115.5411
##
## LM num: 54
## quality =
## 0.0378 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.5557 * citric.acid
## + 0.1863 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0277 * chlorides
## + 0.0177 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0008 * density
## - 79.6938 * pH
## + 0.3522 * sulphates
## + 0.5283 * alcohol
## + 77.6072
##
## LM num: 55
## quality =
## 0.0558 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.5883 * citric.acid
## - 0.0908 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0194 * chlorides
## - 1.141 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0002 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0004 * density
## - 52.8732 * pH
## + 1.4656 * sulphates
## + 0.3038 * alcohol
## + 56.6676
##
## LM num: 56
## quality =
## 0.0558 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.5883 * citric.acid
## - 0.0908 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0194 * chlorides
## - 1.1427 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0062 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0004 * density
## - 52.8732 * pH
## + 0.2938 * sulphates
## + 0.3038 * alcohol
## + 58.0593
##
## LM num: 57
## quality =
## 0.0558 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.5883 * citric.acid
## - 0.0908 * residual.sugar
## - 22.5962 * chlorides
## - 1.1427 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0004 * density
## - 52.8732 * pH
## + 0.2938 * sulphates
## + 0.3038 * alcohol
## + 57.8996
##
## LM num: 58
## quality =
## 0.0558 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.5883 * citric.acid
## - 0.0908 * residual.sugar
## - 21.7687 * chlorides
## - 1.1427 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0004 * density
## - 52.8732 * pH
## + 0.2938 * sulphates
## + 0.3038 * alcohol
## + 57.8455
##
## LM num: 59
## quality =
## 0.0558 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.5883 * citric.acid
## - 0.0908 * residual.sugar
## - 13.4527 * chlorides
## - 1.1427 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0009 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0004 * density
## - 52.8732 * pH
## + 0.2938 * sulphates
## + 0.3038 * alcohol
## + 57.549
##
## LM num: 60
## quality =
## 0.1669 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0798 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.2879 * citric.acid
## - 0.2725 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0194 * chlorides
## - 2.2249 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0063 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 44.5851 * density
## - 52.8732 * pH
## + 0.2938 * sulphates
## + 0.5177 * alcohol
## + 12.5094
##
## LM num: 61
## quality =
## 0.0295 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0798 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.2879 * citric.acid
## - 0.2725 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0194 * chlorides
## - 2.2249 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0054 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 61.713 * density
## - 52.8732 * pH
## + 0.2938 * sulphates
## + 0.5177 * alcohol
## - 3.8043
##
## LM num: 62
## quality =
## 0.0465 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0798 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.2879 * citric.acid
## - 0.2725 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0194 * chlorides
## - 2.2231 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0054 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 53.3503 * density
## - 52.8732 * pH
## + 0.2938 * sulphates
## + 0.5177 * alcohol
## + 4.3304
##
## LM num: 63
## quality =
## 0.0465 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0798 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.2879 * citric.acid
## - 0.2725 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0194 * chlorides
## - 2.2219 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0054 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 53.3503 * density
## - 52.8732 * pH
## + 0.2938 * sulphates
## + 0.5177 * alcohol
## + 4.2756
##
## LM num: 64
## quality =
## 0.0451 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0798 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.2879 * citric.acid
## - 0.2725 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0194 * chlorides
## - 2.2221 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0054 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 53.3503 * density
## - 52.8732 * pH
## + 0.2938 * sulphates
## + 0.5177 * alcohol
## + 4.2979
##
## LM num: 65
## quality =
## 0.2279 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0798 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.2879 * citric.acid
## - 0.2725 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0194 * chlorides
## - 2.2249 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0033 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 23.573 * density
## - 52.8732 * pH
## + 0.2938 * sulphates
## + 0.5177 * alcohol
## + 79.1277
##
## LM num: 66
## quality =
## 0.1818 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0798 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.2879 * citric.acid
## - 0.2725 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0194 * chlorides
## - 2.2249 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0033 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 25.7159 * density
## - 52.8732 * pH
## + 0.2938 * sulphates
## + 0.5177 * alcohol
## + 81.5402
##
## LM num: 67
## quality =
## 0.2367 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0644 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.2385 * citric.acid
## + 0.079 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0261 * chlorides
## - 1.2827 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0003 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 345.5155 * density
## - 72.342 * pH
## + 0.4309 * sulphates
## + 0.271 * alcohol
## + 417.898
##
## LM num: 68
## quality =
## -0.1693 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0005 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.0778 * citric.acid
## - 4.7237 * chlorides
## - 0.0053 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0004 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * density
## - 13.0236 * pH
## + 1.1874 * sulphates
## + 0.0177 * alcohol
## + 18.283
##
## LM num: 69
## quality =
## 0.1278 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0005 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.0778 * citric.acid
## + 0.0054 * chlorides
## - 0.0269 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0002 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * density
## - 9.7325 * pH
## - 1.0363 * sulphates
## + 0.0177 * alcohol
## + 14.2795
##
## LM num: 70
## quality =
## 0.011 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.0778 * citric.acid
## + 0.0605 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0157 * chlorides
## - 0.0301 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0002 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 102.0986 * density
## - 32.8676 * pH
## + 0.2018 * sulphates
## + 0.0177 * alcohol
## + 136.6965
##
## LM num: 71
## quality =
## 0.1926 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0238 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.0778 * citric.acid
## + 0.0215 * chlorides
## - 0.0041 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0048 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * density
## - 48.3519 * pH
## + 0.2599 * sulphates
## + 0.0177 * alcohol
## + 51.0641
##
## LM num: 72
## quality =
## 0.0209 * volatile.acidity
## + 1.0973 * citric.acid
## + 0.0587 * residual.sugar
## + 0.022 * chlorides
## - 0.0224 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0002 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 142.8597 * density
## - 50.4643 * pH
## + 0.25 * sulphates
## + 0.0177 * alcohol
## + 195.9329
##
## LM num: 73
## quality =
## 0.027 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.8363 * citric.acid
## - 1.0441 * chlorides
## - 0.0224 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0005 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0003 * density
## - 64.4052 * pH
## + 0.3045 * sulphates
## + 0.0177 * alcohol
## + 67.6152
##
## LM num: 74
## quality =
## 0.027 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.2941 * citric.acid
## - 0.646 * chlorides
## - 0.0224 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0005 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0003 * density
## - 64.4052 * pH
## + 0.3045 * sulphates
## + 0.0177 * alcohol
## + 67.294
##
## LM num: 75
## quality =
## -1.4942 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.0778 * citric.acid
## + 0.0063 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0278 * chlorides
## - 0.0224 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0005 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 16.3185 * density
## - 63.1123 * pH
## + 0.5305 * sulphates
## + 0.0177 * alcohol
## + 79.9383
##
## LM num: 76
## quality =
## 0.1213 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.0778 * citric.acid
## + 0.0063 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0278 * chlorides
## - 0.0224 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0005 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 16.3185 * density
## - 63.3098 * pH
## + 0.8489 * sulphates
## + 0.0177 * alcohol
## + 79.8492
##
## LM num: 77
## quality =
## 0.5923 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.0778 * citric.acid
## + 0.0063 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0278 * chlorides
## - 0.0224 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0005 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 16.3185 * density
## - 63.627 * pH
## + 0.7854 * sulphates
## + 0.0177 * alcohol
## + 80.7193
##
## LM num: 78
## quality =
## 0.8827 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.0778 * citric.acid
## + 0.0063 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0278 * chlorides
## - 0.0224 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0005 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 16.3185 * density
## - 63.6437 * pH
## + 0.7854 * sulphates
## + 0.0177 * alcohol
## + 80.6638
##
## LM num: 79
## quality =
## 0.8827 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.0778 * citric.acid
## + 0.0063 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0278 * chlorides
## - 0.0224 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0005 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 16.3185 * density
## - 63.6437 * pH
## + 0.7854 * sulphates
## + 0.0177 * alcohol
## + 80.6646
##
## LM num: 80
## quality =
## -1.8044 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.0778 * citric.acid
## + 0.0063 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0278 * chlorides
## - 0.0224 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0005 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 16.3185 * density
## - 63.6906 * pH
## + 0.3045 * sulphates
## + 0.0177 * alcohol
## + 81.9045
##
## LM num: 81
## quality =
## -1.0917 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.0778 * citric.acid
## + 0.0094 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0278 * chlorides
## - 0.0224 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0005 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 37.3197 * density
## - 64.0122 * pH
## + 0.3045 * sulphates
## + 0.0177 * alcohol
## + 103.6611
##
## LM num: 82
## quality =
## -1.0917 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.0778 * citric.acid
## + 0.0094 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0278 * chlorides
## - 0.0224 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0005 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 37.3197 * density
## - 64.0122 * pH
## + 0.3045 * sulphates
## + 0.0177 * alcohol
## + 103.6431
##
## LM num: 83
## quality =
## -1.0917 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.0778 * citric.acid
## + 0.0094 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0278 * chlorides
## - 0.0224 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0005 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 24.4779 * density
## - 64.0122 * pH
## + 0.3045 * sulphates
## + 0.0177 * alcohol
## + 90.9105
##
## LM num: 84
## quality =
## -0.0442 * fixed.acidity
## - 0.0021 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.2639 * citric.acid
## + 0.0064 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0127 * chlorides
## - 0.3027 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.004 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 10.4465 * density
## - 19.2592 * pH
## + 0.051 * sulphates
## + 0.0959 * alcohol
## + 10.4627
##
## LM num: 85
## quality =
## -0.0697 * fixed.acidity
## - 0.0021 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.2639 * citric.acid
## + 0.0127 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0127 * chlorides
## - 0.3027 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.002 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 10.4465 * density
## - 20.2244 * pH
## + 0.051 * sulphates
## + 0.1262 * alcohol
## + 13.934
##
## LM num: 86
## quality =
## -0.0177 * fixed.acidity
## - 0.0021 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.2639 * citric.acid
## + 0.0127 * chlorides
## - 0.2991 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0002 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 9.8391 * density
## - 20.2244 * pH
## + 0.051 * sulphates
## + 0.2593 * alcohol
## + 12.7934
##
## LM num: 87
## quality =
## 1.1384 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.4332 * citric.acid
## + 0.1153 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0247 * chlorides
## - 0.6445 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0002 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 218.6066 * density
## - 37.5179 * pH
## - 0.896 * sulphates
## + 0.0177 * alcohol
## + 258.5079
##
## LM num: 88
## quality =
## -0.0318 * fixed.acidity
## - 0.2828 * volatile.acidity
## + 1.7345 * citric.acid
## + 0.1261 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0055 * chlorides
## - 0.1249 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0005 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 169.7648 * density
## - 8.8633 * pH
## + 0.1416 * sulphates
## + 0.0516 * alcohol
## + 180.6069
##
## LM num: 89
## quality =
## -0.2023 * fixed.acidity
## - 2.3216 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.1434 * citric.acid
## + 0.085 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0055 * chlorides
## - 0.242 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0005 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 168.2147 * density
## - 8.8633 * pH
## + 0.0892 * sulphates
## + 0.0516 * alcohol
## + 183.5076
##
## LM num: 90
## quality =
## -0.9811 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.4977 * citric.acid
## + 0.2969 * residual.sugar
## + 0.1228 * chlorides
## - 0.4223 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0025 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 91.1749 * pH
## + 0.2995 * sulphates
## + 0.1593 * alcohol
## + 95.8184
##
## LM num: 91
## quality =
## 0.281 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0497 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.5876 * citric.acid
## + 0.5856 * residual.sugar
## + 0.1536 * chlorides
## - 0.4365 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0031 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 101.1551 * pH
## + 0.2995 * sulphates
## + 0.1593 * alcohol
## + 103.6026
##
## LM num: 92
## quality =
## 0.0481 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.1018 * volatile.acidity
## - 3.1227 * citric.acid
## + 0.019 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0504 * chlorides
## - 0.4223 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.005 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 134.7439 * density
## - 113.0235 * pH
## + 0.5211 * sulphates
## + 0.1593 * alcohol
## + 249.4849
##
## LM num: 93
## quality =
## 0.0721 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.1018 * volatile.acidity
## + 2.133 * citric.acid
## + 0.0286 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0504 * chlorides
## - 0.4223 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0005 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 75.3967 * density
## - 112.9138 * pH
## + 0.5211 * sulphates
## + 0.1593 * alcohol
## + 189.1576
##
## LM num: 94
## quality =
## -1.5419 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.3565 * citric.acid
## + 0.0571 * residual.sugar
## - 14.5588 * chlorides
## - 0.4223 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0026 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 114.9384 * density
## - 131.5293 * pH
## + 1.9599 * sulphates
## + 0.1593 * alcohol
## + 248.6708
##
## LM num: 95
## quality =
## 0.0484 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.2028 * citric.acid
## - 10.4768 * chlorides
## - 0.4105 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 71.8209 * density
## - 59.8368 * pH
## + 0.2884 * sulphates
## + 0.2842 * alcohol
## - 6.4802
##
## LM num: 96
## quality =
## 0.0004 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1102 * citric.acid
## + 0.0077 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0124 * chlorides
## - 0.6704 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 15.8573 * density
## - 20.9433 * pH
## + 0.1255 * sulphates
## + 0.6133 * alcohol
## + 36.4891
##
## LM num: 97
## quality =
## -0.2327 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0004 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1102 * citric.acid
## + 0.0157 * residual.sugar
## - 10.1688 * chlorides
## - 0.6639 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 292.089 * density
## - 19.6906 * pH
## + 0.1255 * sulphates
## + 0.1425 * alcohol
## + 315.2155
##
## LM num: 98
## quality =
## 0.0051 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.005 * citric.acid
## + 0.2304 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0177 * chlorides
## - 3.5522 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0066 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 69.2071 * density
## - 21.4691 * pH
## + 3.2589 * sulphates
## - 0.0759 * alcohol
## - 44.6207
##
## LM num: 99
## quality =
## 0.0051 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.0607 * citric.acid
## + 0.2921 * residual.sugar
## - 4.5739 * chlorides
## - 3.9879 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0024 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 21.4691 * pH
## - 1.2175 * sulphates
## - 0.0759 * alcohol
## + 26.2419
##
## LM num: 100
## quality =
## 0.0051 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.3848 * citric.acid
## + 0.2921 * residual.sugar
## - 4.5739 * chlorides
## - 3.9879 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0024 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 21.4691 * pH
## - 1.2175 * sulphates
## - 0.0759 * alcohol
## + 25.9185
##
## LM num: 101
## quality =
## 0.0051 * volatile.acidity
## + 1.1585 * citric.acid
## + 0.2921 * residual.sugar
## - 3.8969 * chlorides
## - 3.9875 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0024 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 21.4691 * pH
## - 1.7496 * sulphates
## - 0.1438 * alcohol
## + 27.1715
##
## LM num: 102
## quality =
## -0.0787 * volatile.acidity
## + 1.1585 * citric.acid
## + 0.2921 * residual.sugar
## - 3.8969 * chlorides
## - 3.9875 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0011 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 21.4691 * pH
## - 1.7496 * sulphates
## - 0.1438 * alcohol
## + 27.0506
##
## LM num: 103
## quality =
## 0.0051 * volatile.acidity
## + 1.1585 * citric.acid
## + 0.2921 * residual.sugar
## - 3.8969 * chlorides
## - 3.9875 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0024 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 21.4691 * pH
## - 1.7496 * sulphates
## - 0.1438 * alcohol
## + 27.1387
##
## LM num: 104
## quality =
## 0.0051 * volatile.acidity
## + 1.1585 * citric.acid
## + 0.2921 * residual.sugar
## - 3.8969 * chlorides
## - 3.9903 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0024 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 21.4691 * pH
## - 1.7496 * sulphates
## - 0.1879 * alcohol
## + 27.788
##
## LM num: 105
## quality =
## 0.0051 * volatile.acidity
## + 1.1585 * citric.acid
## + 0.2921 * residual.sugar
## + 13.0163 * chlorides
## - 3.9832 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0024 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 22.2668 * pH
## - 2.5266 * sulphates
## - 0.0759 * alcohol
## + 28.2301
##
## LM num: 106
## quality =
## 0.0051 * volatile.acidity
## + 1.1585 * citric.acid
## + 0.2921 * residual.sugar
## + 4.7171 * chlorides
## - 3.9832 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0024 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 22.2668 * pH
## - 2.5266 * sulphates
## - 0.0759 * alcohol
## + 28.5047
##
## LM num: 107
## quality =
## -0.0215 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.2131 * citric.acid
## + 0.0163 * chlorides
## - 4.8929 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0059 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0009 * density
## + 3.6137 * pH
## + 0.2004 * sulphates
## - 0.3518 * alcohol
## + 2.2656
##
## LM num: 108
## quality =
## -0.1376 * fixed.acidity
## - 0.015 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.6288 * citric.acid
## + 0.0472 * residual.sugar
## - 25.5055 * chlorides
## - 4.0634 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0049 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 93.5166 * density
## - 2.5236 * pH
## + 0.2004 * sulphates
## - 0.2717 * alcohol
## - 82.8348
##
## LM num: 109
## quality =
## 0.0073 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.0223 * citric.acid
## - 0.0896 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0491 * chlorides
## + 2.7673 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0027 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0004 * density
## - 105.913 * pH
## - 0.0516 * sulphates
## + 0.4989 * alcohol
## + 109.828
##
## LM num: 110
## quality =
## 0.0073 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.0223 * citric.acid
## - 0.6267 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0683 * chlorides
## + 5.5425 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0027 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0004 * density
## - 143.589 * pH
## + 2.2909 * sulphates
## + 1.0975 * alcohol
## + 142.3524
##
## LM num: 111
## quality =
## -0.0775 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0073 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.0223 * citric.acid
## - 0.0896 * residual.sugar
## + 7.5482 * chlorides
## + 2.6838 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0027 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0004 * density
## - 101.1158 * pH
## + 0.523 * sulphates
## + 0.6223 * alcohol
## + 104.6966
##
## LM num: 112
## quality =
## 0.0073 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.0223 * citric.acid
## - 0.1362 * residual.sugar
## - 7.0049 * chlorides
## - 0.7231 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0038 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0006 * density
## - 56.9685 * pH
## - 1.0182 * sulphates
## + 0.1557 * alcohol
## + 63.228
##
## Number of Rules : 112# model diagnostics
summary(m.m5p)##
## === Summary ===
##
## Correlation coefficient -0.2414
## Mean absolute error 102.3629
## Root mean squared error 129.5719
## Relative absolute error 14704.2234 %
## Root relative squared error 14159.8116 %
## Total Number of Instances 3750# assess performance on unseen data
p.m5p <- predict(m.m5p, wine_test)# view value range, correlation, and MAE
summary(p.m5p)## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## -539.90 -165.65 -107.07 -112.27 -33.70 32.49cor(p.m5p, wine_test$quality)## [1] -0.2036594MAE(wine_test$quality, p.m5p)## [1] 118.6835The values show that the model tree (p.m5p) performs more poorly than the regression tree model. The negative ranges, correlation, and inflated MAE call for more depth diagnostics and assessment of the data.