Function Description abs(x) absolute value sqrt(x) square root ceiling(x) ceiling(3.475) is 4 floor(x) floor(3.475) is 3 trunc(x) trunc(5.99) is 5 round(x, digits=n) round(3.475, digits=2) is 3.48 signif(x, digits=n) signif(3.475, digits=2) is 3.5 cos(x), sin(x), tan(x) also acos(x), cosh(x), acosh(x), etc. log(x) natural logarithm log10(x) common logarithm exp(x) e^x
substr(x, start=n1, stop=n2) grep(pattern, x , ignore.case=FALSE, fixed=FALSE) sub(pattern, replacement, x, ignore.case =FALSE, fixed=FALSE) strsplit(x, split) paste(…, sep=““) toupper(x) tolower(x)
set.seed(1234)
dnorm(x) pnorm(q) qnorm(p)
rnorm(n, m=0,sd=1)
dbinom(x, size, prob) pbinom(q, size, prob) qbinom(p, size, prob) rbinom(n, size, prob)
dpois(x, lamda) ppois(q, lamda) qpois(p, lamda) rpois(n, lamda)
dunif(x, min=0, max=1) punif(q, min=0, max=1) qunif(p, min=0, max=1) runif(n, min=0, max=1)
mean(x, trim=0, na.rm=FALSE) sd(x) median(x) quantile(x, probs) # y <- quantile(x, c(.25,.75,.95) range(x) sum(x) diff(x, lag=1) min(x) max(x) scale(x, center=TRUE, scale=TRUE)
seq(from , to, by) rep(x, ntimes) cut(x, n)