Primary Results
Model 1 Results
Reduced Model
Cross-sectional: Entry Air Pollutant + Entry Age(linear)
Longitudinal: Air_Pollutant + Age over 85
m1 <- lmer(casi_irt ~ baseline_no2_05_yr +
age_centered +
time_since_entry +
(time_since_entry | SUBJECT) +
(age85:time_since_entry) +
(exp_avg_no2_05_yr:time_since_entry),
data = data6,
control = lmerControl(optimizer ="Nelder_Mead", optCtrl=list(maxfun=2e5)))
m1_5_tab
| Model 1, PM 2.5 | Model 1, NO2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictors | Estimates | CI | p | Estimates | CI | p |
| (Intercept) | 0.7292 | 0.6579 – 0.8005 | <0.001 | 0.5036 | 0.4327 – 0.5744 | <0.001 |
| Baseline PM 2.5(5 year) | -0.0370 | -0.0439 – -0.0301 | <0.001 | |||
| time_since_entry:exp_avg_pm25_05_yr | 0.0069 | 0.0055 – 0.0083 | <0.001 | |||
| Baseline NO 2(5 year) | -0.0096 | -0.0144 – -0.0048 | <0.001 | |||
| time_since_entry:exp_avg_no2_05_yr | 0.0005 | -0.0002 – 0.0011 | 0.166 | |||
| Baseline Age(centered) | -0.0441 | -0.0469 – -0.0414 | <0.001 | -0.0449 | -0.0477 – -0.0421 | <0.001 |
| Time Since Entry | -0.0988 | -0.1111 – -0.0866 | <0.001 | -0.0463 | -0.0558 – -0.0367 | <0.001 |
| age85:time_since_entry | -0.0247 | -0.0269 – -0.0225 | <0.001 | -0.0269 | -0.0290 – -0.0247 | <0.001 |
| Random Effects | ||||||
| σ2 | 0.23 | 0.23 | ||||
| τ00 | 0.28 SUBJECT | 0.28 SUBJECT | ||||
| τ11 | 0.00 SUBJECT.time_since_entry | 0.00 SUBJECT.time_since_entry | ||||
| ρ01 | -0.00 SUBJECT | 0.03 SUBJECT | ||||
| ICC | 0.67 | 0.66 | ||||
| N | 4915 SUBJECT | 4915 SUBJECT | ||||
| Observations | 25676 | 25676 | ||||
| Marginal R2 / Conditional R2 | 0.197 / 0.737 | 0.196 / 0.728 | ||||
Model 2 Results
A Priori Model
M1 +
Cross Sectional: gender + birth cohort + APOE e4 status
Longitudinal: birth cohort + APOE e4 status
m2 <- lmer(casi_irt ~ baseline_no2_05_yr +
age_centered +
baseline_cal_year_2 +
apoe +
gender +
time_since_entry +
(time_since_entry | SUBJECT) +
(age85:time_since_entry) +
(exp_avg_no2_05_yr:time_since_entry) +
(baseline_cal_year_2:time_since_entry) +
(apoe:time_since_entry),
data = data6, weights = sw.apoe.karl,
control = lmerControl(optimizer ="Nelder_Mead", optCtrl=list(maxfun=2e5)))
## Warning: Some predictor variables are on very different scales: consider
## rescaling
m2_5_tab
| Model 2, PM 2.5 | Model 2, NO2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictors | Estimates | CI | p | Estimates | CI | p |
| (Intercept) | 1.1762 | 0.8801 – 1.4722 | <0.001 | 0.5250 | 0.4389 – 0.6112 | <0.001 |
| Baseline PM 2.5(5 year) | -0.0646 | -0.0877 – -0.0415 | <0.001 | |||
| time_since_entry:exp_avg_pm25_05_yr | 0.0213 | 0.0192 – 0.0234 | <0.001 | |||
| Baseline NO 2(5 year) | -0.0067 | -0.0119 – -0.0014 | 0.013 | |||
| time_since_entry:exp_avg_no2_05_yr | 0.0013 | 0.0006 – 0.0020 | <0.001 | |||
| Baseline Age(centered) | -0.0441 | -0.0470 – -0.0411 | <0.001 | -0.0441 | -0.0471 – -0.0411 | <0.001 |
| Gender: Male | -0.1834 | -0.2193 – -0.1474 | <0.001 | -0.1821 | -0.2183 – -0.1458 | <0.001 |
| Time Since Entry | -0.2496 | -0.2711 – -0.2280 | <0.001 | -0.0560 | -0.0674 – -0.0446 | <0.001 |
| baseline_cal_year_21996-1997 | -0.0600 | -0.1367 – 0.0167 | 0.125 | -0.0105 | -0.0834 – 0.0623 | 0.777 |
| baseline_cal_year_22000-2001 | -0.1818 | -0.2897 – -0.0738 | 0.001 | 0.0142 | -0.0574 – 0.0858 | 0.697 |
| baseline_cal_year_22002-2003 | -0.1599 | -0.2721 – -0.0478 | 0.005 | 0.0378 | -0.0365 – 0.1120 | 0.319 |
| baseline_cal_year_22004-2005 | -0.0673 | -0.1975 – 0.0629 | 0.311 | 0.1396 | 0.0423 – 0.2370 | 0.005 |
| baseline_cal_year_22006-2007 | -0.1208 | -0.2506 – 0.0091 | 0.068 | 0.1072 | 0.0218 – 0.1925 | 0.014 |
| baseline_cal_year_22008-2009 | -0.1999 | -0.3391 – -0.0608 | 0.005 | 0.0527 | -0.0302 – 0.1356 | 0.213 |
| baseline_cal_year_22010-2011 | -0.1608 | -0.3111 – -0.0106 | 0.036 | 0.1253 | 0.0479 – 0.2028 | 0.002 |
| baseline_cal_year_22012-2013 | -0.2943 | -0.4651 – -0.1234 | 0.001 | 0.0305 | -0.0583 – 0.1193 | 0.501 |
| baseline_cal_year_22014-2015 | -0.1891 | -0.3680 – -0.0102 | 0.038 | 0.1384 | 0.0395 – 0.2373 | 0.006 |
| baseline_cal_year_22016-2017 | -0.2079 | -0.4086 – -0.0071 | 0.042 | 0.1286 | -0.0027 – 0.2599 | 0.055 |
| baseline_cal_year_22018-2019 | -0.1089 | -0.4781 – 0.2604 | 0.563 | 0.2259 | -0.1149 – 0.5666 | 0.194 |
| APOE Status: +APOE e 4 | -0.0643 | -0.1062 – -0.0225 | 0.003 | -0.0680 | -0.1102 – -0.0258 | 0.002 |
| age85:time_since_entry | -0.0123 | -0.0150 – -0.0097 | <0.001 | -0.0250 | -0.0273 – -0.0227 | <0.001 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_21996-1997 | -0.0012 | -0.0118 – 0.0094 | 0.827 | -0.0088 | -0.0184 – 0.0008 | 0.073 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22000-2001 | 0.0340 | 0.0232 – 0.0447 | <0.001 | 0.0002 | -0.0091 – 0.0094 | 0.970 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22002-2003 | 0.0378 | 0.0266 – 0.0491 | <0.001 | 0.0029 | -0.0068 – 0.0126 | 0.561 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22004-2005 | 0.0373 | 0.0231 – 0.0516 | <0.001 | -0.0109 | -0.0231 – 0.0013 | 0.080 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22006-2007 | 0.0659 | 0.0527 – 0.0791 | <0.001 | 0.0086 | -0.0024 – 0.0195 | 0.126 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22008-2009 | 0.0840 | 0.0704 – 0.0977 | <0.001 | 0.0181 | 0.0069 – 0.0293 | 0.002 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22010-2011 | 0.0973 | 0.0832 – 0.1114 | <0.001 | 0.0255 | 0.0139 – 0.0371 | <0.001 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22012-2013 | 0.1132 | 0.0950 – 0.1314 | <0.001 | 0.0372 | 0.0211 – 0.0534 | <0.001 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22014-2015 | 0.1086 | 0.0836 – 0.1335 | <0.001 | 0.0296 | 0.0059 – 0.0533 | 0.014 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22016-2017 | 0.1572 | 0.1032 – 0.2112 | <0.001 | 0.0769 | 0.0228 – 0.1311 | 0.005 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22018-2019 | 0.0197 | -0.1379 – 0.1773 | 0.806 | -0.0604 | -0.2207 – 0.0999 | 0.460 |
| time_since_entry:apoe+ APOE e4 | -0.0243 | -0.0307 – -0.0180 | <0.001 | -0.0238 | -0.0296 – -0.0179 | <0.001 |
| Random Effects | ||||||
| σ2 | 0.22 | 0.23 | ||||
| τ00 | 0.26 SUBJECT | 0.26 SUBJECT | ||||
| τ11 | 0.00 SUBJECT.time_since_entry | 0.00 SUBJECT.time_since_entry | ||||
| ρ01 | 0.03 SUBJECT | 0.07 SUBJECT | ||||
| ICC | 0.69 | 0.66 | ||||
| N | 4293 SUBJECT | 4293 SUBJECT | ||||
| Observations | 23043 | 23043 | ||||
| Marginal R2 / Conditional R2 | 0.247 / 0.768 | 0.229 / 0.736 | ||||
Model 3 Results
Extended Model
M2 +
Cross Sectional: race/ethnicity + education + neighborhood SES + ACT
reported income
m3 <- lmer(casi_irt ~ baseline_no2_05_yr +
age_centered + gender +
race_cat +
degree_cat_simp +
tr_med_inc_hshld_cat +
baseline_cal_year_2 +
apoe +
time_since_entry +
(time_since_entry | SUBJECT) +
(age85:time_since_entry) +
(exp_avg_no2_05_yr:time_since_entry) +
(baseline_cal_year_2:time_since_entry) +
(apoe:time_since_entry),
data = data6, weights = sw.apoe.karl,
control = lmerControl(optimizer ="Nelder_Mead", optCtrl=list(maxfun=2e5)))
## Warning: Some predictor variables are on very different scales: consider
## rescaling
m3_5_tab
| Model 3, PM 2.5 | Model 3, NO2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictors | Estimates | CI | p | Estimates | CI | p |
| (Intercept) | 0.4610 | 0.1263 – 0.7957 | 0.007 | -0.1144 | -0.3194 – 0.0906 | 0.274 |
| Baseline PM 2.5(5 year) | -0.0558 | -0.0782 – -0.0335 | <0.001 | |||
| time_since_entry:exp_avg_pm25_05_yr | 0.0212 | 0.0191 – 0.0233 | <0.001 | |||
| Baseline NO 2(5 year) | -0.0051 | -0.0104 – 0.0003 | 0.062 | |||
| time_since_entry:exp_avg_no2_05_yr | 0.0013 | 0.0006 – 0.0020 | <0.001 | |||
| Baseline Age(centered) | -0.0408 | -0.0437 – -0.0379 | <0.001 | -0.0407 | -0.0436 – -0.0378 | <0.001 |
| Gender: Male | -0.2187 | -0.2538 – -0.1836 | <0.001 | -0.2192 | -0.2545 – -0.1838 | <0.001 |
| Race: White | 0.2439 | 0.1865 – 0.3013 | <0.001 | 0.2419 | 0.1840 – 0.2998 | <0.001 |
| Education: GED/HS | 0.3654 | 0.2991 – 0.4317 | <0.001 | 0.3629 | 0.2961 – 0.4297 | <0.001 |
| Education: Bachelor’s | 0.5798 | 0.5084 – 0.6512 | <0.001 | 0.5819 | 0.5100 – 0.6539 | <0.001 |
| Education: Master’s | 0.6005 | 0.5226 – 0.6784 | <0.001 | 0.6034 | 0.5249 – 0.6819 | <0.001 |
| Education: Doctorate | 0.7479 | 0.6526 – 0.8432 | <0.001 | 0.7545 | 0.6585 – 0.8505 | <0.001 |
| Education: Other | 0.4886 | 0.4044 – 0.5729 | <0.001 | 0.4877 | 0.4029 – 0.5726 | <0.001 |
|
Neighborhood Median Household Income: 20,000-34,999 |
-0.0251 | -0.1888 – 0.1385 | 0.763 | -0.0096 | -0.1734 – 0.1542 | 0.908 |
|
Neighborhood Median Household Income: 35,000-49,999 |
-0.0049 | -0.1670 – 0.1573 | 0.953 | 0.0047 | -0.1582 – 0.1676 | 0.955 |
|
Neighborhood Median Household Income: 50,000-74,999 |
-0.0025 | -0.1644 – 0.1595 | 0.976 | 0.0151 | -0.1479 – 0.1782 | 0.856 |
|
Neighborhood Median Household Income: >75,000 |
0.0215 | -0.1448 – 0.1878 | 0.800 | 0.0445 | -0.1230 – 0.2120 | 0.603 |
| baseline_cal_year_21996-1997 | -0.0415 | -0.1150 – 0.0321 | 0.269 | -0.0024 | -0.0721 – 0.0672 | 0.946 |
| baseline_cal_year_22000-2001 | -0.2075 | -0.3114 – -0.1035 | <0.001 | -0.0459 | -0.1149 – 0.0232 | 0.193 |
| baseline_cal_year_22002-2003 | -0.2099 | -0.3179 – -0.1019 | <0.001 | -0.0454 | -0.1170 – 0.0261 | 0.213 |
| baseline_cal_year_22004-2005 | -0.1303 | -0.2558 – -0.0049 | 0.042 | 0.0423 | -0.0519 – 0.1365 | 0.379 |
| baseline_cal_year_22006-2007 | -0.1906 | -0.3159 – -0.0653 | 0.003 | 0.0005 | -0.0827 – 0.0838 | 0.990 |
| baseline_cal_year_22008-2009 | -0.2571 | -0.3914 – -0.1229 | <0.001 | -0.0469 | -0.1278 – 0.0340 | 0.255 |
| baseline_cal_year_22010-2011 | -0.2349 | -0.3802 – -0.0895 | 0.002 | 0.0035 | -0.0728 – 0.0799 | 0.928 |
| baseline_cal_year_22012-2013 | -0.3760 | -0.5413 – -0.2108 | <0.001 | -0.1055 | -0.1934 – -0.0176 | 0.019 |
| baseline_cal_year_22014-2015 | -0.2788 | -0.4525 – -0.1051 | 0.002 | -0.0043 | -0.1028 – 0.0943 | 0.932 |
| baseline_cal_year_22016-2017 | -0.2874 | -0.4823 – -0.0925 | 0.004 | -0.0057 | -0.1355 – 0.1241 | 0.931 |
| baseline_cal_year_22018-2019 | -0.2201 | -0.5771 – 0.1368 | 0.227 | 0.0604 | -0.2691 – 0.3899 | 0.719 |
| APOE Status: +APOE e 4 | -0.0624 | -0.1026 – -0.0223 | 0.002 | -0.0660 | -0.1065 – -0.0256 | 0.001 |
| Time Since Entry | -0.2483 | -0.2699 – -0.2267 | <0.001 | -0.0558 | -0.0672 – -0.0444 | <0.001 |
| age85:time_since_entry | -0.0123 | -0.0150 – -0.0097 | <0.001 | -0.0249 | -0.0272 – -0.0226 | <0.001 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_21996-1997 | -0.0011 | -0.0117 – 0.0095 | 0.837 | -0.0087 | -0.0182 – 0.0009 | 0.077 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22000-2001 | 0.0339 | 0.0232 – 0.0447 | <0.001 | 0.0004 | -0.0089 – 0.0096 | 0.938 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22002-2003 | 0.0378 | 0.0266 – 0.0491 | <0.001 | 0.0031 | -0.0066 – 0.0127 | 0.537 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22004-2005 | 0.0382 | 0.0239 – 0.0525 | <0.001 | -0.0096 | -0.0219 – 0.0026 | 0.123 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22006-2007 | 0.0653 | 0.0520 – 0.0785 | <0.001 | 0.0081 | -0.0029 – 0.0191 | 0.150 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22008-2009 | 0.0829 | 0.0692 – 0.0967 | <0.001 | 0.0175 | 0.0062 – 0.0288 | 0.002 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22010-2011 | 0.0968 | 0.0826 – 0.1110 | <0.001 | 0.0253 | 0.0137 – 0.0370 | <0.001 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22012-2013 | 0.1136 | 0.0952 – 0.1319 | <0.001 | 0.0381 | 0.0217 – 0.0544 | <0.001 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22014-2015 | 0.1094 | 0.0841 – 0.1347 | <0.001 | 0.0308 | 0.0067 – 0.0548 | 0.012 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22016-2017 | 0.1519 | 0.0973 – 0.2064 | <0.001 | 0.0721 | 0.0174 – 0.1268 | 0.010 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22018-2019 | 0.0194 | -0.1382 – 0.1771 | 0.809 | -0.0602 | -0.2205 – 0.1001 | 0.462 |
| time_since_entry:apoe+ APOE e4 | -0.0246 | -0.0311 – -0.0182 | <0.001 | -0.0241 | -0.0300 – -0.0182 | <0.001 |
| Random Effects | ||||||
| σ2 | 0.22 | 0.23 | ||||
| τ00 | 0.23 SUBJECT | 0.23 SUBJECT | ||||
| τ11 | 0.00 SUBJECT.time_since_entry | 0.00 SUBJECT.time_since_entry | ||||
| ρ01 | 0.02 SUBJECT | 0.06 SUBJECT | ||||
| ICC | 0.68 | 0.64 | ||||
| N | 4284 SUBJECT | 4284 SUBJECT | ||||
| Observations | 22914 | 22914 | ||||
| Marginal R2 / Conditional R2 | 0.277 / 0.765 | 0.263 / 0.733 | ||||
Model 4 Results
Mediation Model
M2 +
Cross Sectional: hypertension + diabetes + heart diseases +
cardiovascular diseases + respiratory diseases + BMI + exercise level +
cigarette smoking
Visit Specific (Uit): depression + exercise level + cigarette
smoking
m4 <- lmer(casi_irt ~
baseline_no2_05_yr +
age_centered +
gender +
baseline_cal_year_2 +
apoe +
hypertension +
diabetes +
heart_disease +
cv_dis +
resp_dis +
bmi +
exercise_reg +
smoke +
time_since_entry +
(time_since_entry | SUBJECT) +
(age85:time_since_entry) +
(exp_avg_no2_05_yr:time_since_entry) +
(baseline_cal_year_2:time_since_entry) +
(apoe:time_since_entry),
data = data6, weights = sw.apoe.karl,
control = lmerControl(optimizer ="Nelder_Mead", optCtrl=list(maxfun=2e5)))
## fixed-effect model matrix is rank deficient so dropping 1 column / coefficient
m4_5_tab
| Model 4, PM 2.5 | Model 4, NO2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictors | Estimates | CI | p | Estimates | CI | p |
| (Intercept) | 0.9561 | 0.6538 – 1.2584 | <0.001 | 0.4193 | 0.2960 – 0.5425 | <0.001 |
| Baseline PM 2.5(5 year) | -0.0527 | -0.0756 – -0.0298 | <0.001 | |||
| time_since_entry:exp_avg_pm25_05_yr | 0.0159 | 0.0135 – 0.0182 | <0.001 | |||
| Baseline NO 2(5 year) | -0.0058 | -0.0111 – -0.0006 | 0.029 | |||
| time_since_entry:exp_avg_no2_05_yr | 0.0006 | -0.0001 – 0.0013 | 0.099 | |||
| Baseline Age(centered) | -0.0403 | -0.0433 – -0.0372 | <0.001 | -0.0398 | -0.0429 – -0.0368 | <0.001 |
| Gender: Male | -0.1911 | -0.2280 – -0.1542 | <0.001 | -0.1899 | -0.2269 – -0.1529 | <0.001 |
| baseline_cal_year_21996-1997 | -0.0405 | -0.1158 – 0.0348 | 0.292 | 0.0043 | -0.0671 – 0.0757 | 0.907 |
| baseline_cal_year_22000-2001 | -0.1209 | -0.2282 – -0.0136 | 0.027 | 0.0427 | -0.0284 – 0.1138 | 0.239 |
| baseline_cal_year_22002-2003 | -0.0946 | -0.2066 – 0.0174 | 0.098 | 0.0669 | -0.0079 – 0.1416 | 0.079 |
| baseline_cal_year_22004-2005 | -0.0186 | -0.1498 – 0.1125 | 0.780 | 0.1523 | 0.0533 – 0.2514 | 0.003 |
| baseline_cal_year_22006-2007 | -0.0499 | -0.1806 – 0.0807 | 0.454 | 0.1344 | 0.0469 – 0.2220 | 0.003 |
| baseline_cal_year_22008-2009 | -0.1481 | -0.2873 – -0.0090 | 0.037 | 0.0602 | -0.0241 – 0.1445 | 0.161 |
| baseline_cal_year_22010-2011 | -0.0838 | -0.2336 – 0.0660 | 0.273 | 0.1549 | 0.0761 – 0.2336 | <0.001 |
| baseline_cal_year_22012-2013 | -0.2016 | -0.3725 – -0.0307 | 0.021 | 0.0718 | -0.0191 – 0.1628 | 0.122 |
| baseline_cal_year_22014-2015 | -0.1335 | -0.3113 – 0.0443 | 0.141 | 0.1414 | 0.0423 – 0.2404 | 0.005 |
| baseline_cal_year_22016-2017 | -0.3344 | -0.9353 – 0.2664 | 0.275 | -0.0640 | -0.6517 – 0.5238 | 0.831 |
| APOE Status: +APOE e 4 | -0.0723 | -0.1144 – -0.0301 | 0.001 | -0.0743 | -0.1167 – -0.0318 | 0.001 |
| Hypertension: Yes | -0.0062 | -0.0339 – 0.0214 | 0.658 | 0.0004 | -0.0273 – 0.0280 | 0.980 |
| Diabetes: Yes | -0.0687 | -0.1139 – -0.0235 | 0.003 | -0.0714 | -0.1165 – -0.0262 | 0.002 |
| Heart Disease: Yes | -0.0313 | -0.0667 – 0.0041 | 0.083 | -0.0257 | -0.0611 – 0.0096 | 0.154 |
|
Cardiovascular Disease: Yes |
-0.1409 | -0.1798 – -0.1020 | <0.001 | -0.1367 | -0.1754 – -0.0979 | <0.001 |
| Respiratory Disease | 0.0058 | -0.0305 – 0.0420 | 0.755 | 0.0169 | -0.0193 – 0.0531 | 0.360 |
| BMI | 0.0017 | -0.0015 – 0.0049 | 0.301 | 0.0017 | -0.0015 – 0.0049 | 0.294 |
| Exercise Regularly: Yes | 0.0409 | 0.0213 – 0.0604 | <0.001 | 0.0388 | 0.0191 – 0.0584 | <0.001 |
| Smoking Status: Former | 0.0484 | 0.0117 – 0.0851 | 0.010 | 0.0467 | 0.0099 – 0.0835 | 0.013 |
| Smoking Status: Current | 0.0352 | -0.0341 – 0.1045 | 0.320 | 0.0252 | -0.0444 – 0.0949 | 0.478 |
| Time Since Entry | -0.1743 | -0.1978 – -0.1507 | <0.001 | -0.0261 | -0.0372 – -0.0150 | <0.001 |
| age85:time_since_entry | -0.0112 | -0.0142 – -0.0082 | <0.001 | -0.0200 | -0.0227 – -0.0173 | <0.001 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_21996-1997 | -0.0027 | -0.0122 – 0.0067 | 0.570 | -0.0095 | -0.0184 – -0.0006 | 0.036 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22000-2001 | 0.0220 | 0.0121 – 0.0318 | <0.001 | -0.0031 | -0.0118 – 0.0057 | 0.490 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22002-2003 | 0.0229 | 0.0122 – 0.0336 | <0.001 | -0.0023 | -0.0119 – 0.0072 | 0.633 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22004-2005 | 0.0219 | 0.0080 – 0.0359 | 0.002 | -0.0135 | -0.0260 – -0.0011 | 0.034 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22006-2007 | 0.0405 | 0.0265 – 0.0545 | <0.001 | 0.0006 | -0.0118 – 0.0130 | 0.922 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22008-2009 | 0.0636 | 0.0476 – 0.0797 | <0.001 | 0.0174 | 0.0031 – 0.0318 | 0.017 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22010-2011 | 0.0507 | 0.0314 – 0.0700 | <0.001 | -0.0012 | -0.0189 – 0.0165 | 0.895 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22012-2013 | 0.0709 | 0.0367 – 0.1051 | <0.001 | 0.0142 | -0.0190 – 0.0475 | 0.402 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22014-2015 | 0.0269 | -0.0464 – 0.1002 | 0.472 | -0.0342 | -0.1067 – 0.0383 | 0.355 |
| time_since_entry:apoe+ APOE e4 | -0.0215 | -0.0277 – -0.0154 | <0.001 | -0.0208 | -0.0267 – -0.0150 | <0.001 |
| Random Effects | ||||||
| σ2 | 0.19 | 0.20 | ||||
| τ00 | 0.25 SUBJECT | 0.25 SUBJECT | ||||
| τ11 | 0.00 SUBJECT.time_since_entry | 0.00 SUBJECT.time_since_entry | ||||
| ρ01 | 0.06 SUBJECT | 0.07 SUBJECT | ||||
| ICC | 0.64 | 0.63 | ||||
| N | 4126 SUBJECT | 4126 SUBJECT | ||||
| Observations | 17799 | 17799 | ||||
| Marginal R2 / Conditional R2 | 0.182 / 0.708 | 0.177 / 0.692 | ||||
Model 5 Results
Interaction Model
M2 +
Cross Sectional: pollutant exposure at baseline x APOE
Longitudinal: pollutant exposure at baseline x APOE
m5 <- lmer(casi_irt ~
baseline_no2_05_yr +
age_centered +
gender +
baseline_cal_year_2 +
apoe +
(baseline_no2_05_yr:apoe) +
time_since_entry +
(time_since_entry | SUBJECT) +
(age85:time_since_entry) +
(exp_avg_no2_05_yr:time_since_entry) +
(baseline_cal_year_2:time_since_entry) +
(apoe:time_since_entry) +
(exp_avg_no2_05_yr:time_since_entry):apoe,
data = data6, weights = sw.apoe.karl,
control = lmerControl(optimizer ="Nelder_Mead", optCtrl=list(maxfun=2e5)))
## Warning: Some predictor variables are on very different scales: consider
## rescaling
m5_5_tab
| Model 5, PM 2.5 | Model 5, NO2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictors | Estimates | CI | p | Estimates | CI | p |
| (Intercept) | 1.1555 | 0.8563 – 1.4547 | <0.001 | 0.5724 | 0.4777 – 0.6671 | <0.001 |
| Baseline PM 2.5(5 year) | -0.0625 | -0.0860 – -0.0390 | <0.001 | |||
| time_since_entry:exp_avg_pm25_05_yr | 0.0209 | 0.0186 – 0.0231 | <0.001 | |||
| Baseline NO 2(5 year) | -0.0100 | -0.0160 – -0.0041 | 0.001 | |||
| time_since_entry:exp_avg_no2_05_yr | 0.0011 | 0.0003 – 0.0019 | 0.008 | |||
| APOE Status: +APOE e 4 | 0.0169 | -0.1483 – 0.1820 | 0.841 | -0.2601 | -0.4271 – -0.0930 | 0.002 |
| Baseline Age(centered) | -0.0441 | -0.0470 – -0.0411 | <0.001 | -0.0441 | -0.0471 – -0.0411 | <0.001 |
| Gender: Male | -0.1834 | -0.2193 – -0.1474 | <0.001 | -0.1816 | -0.2178 – -0.1454 | <0.001 |
| baseline_cal_year_21996-1997 | -0.0595 | -0.1362 – 0.0172 | 0.129 | -0.0091 | -0.0819 – 0.0637 | 0.806 |
| baseline_cal_year_22000-2001 | -0.1818 | -0.2897 – -0.0738 | 0.001 | 0.0157 | -0.0559 – 0.0872 | 0.668 |
| baseline_cal_year_22002-2003 | -0.1597 | -0.2718 – -0.0475 | 0.005 | 0.0399 | -0.0343 – 0.1141 | 0.292 |
| baseline_cal_year_22004-2005 | -0.0678 | -0.1980 – 0.0624 | 0.307 | 0.1415 | 0.0442 – 0.2388 | 0.004 |
| baseline_cal_year_22006-2007 | -0.1210 | -0.2508 – 0.0089 | 0.068 | 0.1078 | 0.0225 – 0.1931 | 0.013 |
| baseline_cal_year_22008-2009 | -0.2005 | -0.3396 – -0.0613 | 0.005 | 0.0560 | -0.0269 – 0.1389 | 0.185 |
| baseline_cal_year_22010-2011 | -0.1614 | -0.3117 – -0.0111 | 0.035 | 0.1278 | 0.0503 – 0.2052 | 0.001 |
| baseline_cal_year_22012-2013 | -0.2948 | -0.4656 – -0.1239 | 0.001 | 0.0340 | -0.0548 – 0.1228 | 0.453 |
| baseline_cal_year_22014-2015 | -0.1895 | -0.3684 – -0.0106 | 0.038 | 0.1399 | 0.0411 – 0.2388 | 0.006 |
| baseline_cal_year_22016-2017 | -0.2090 | -0.4098 – -0.0083 | 0.041 | 0.1312 | -0.0000 – 0.2625 | 0.050 |
| baseline_cal_year_22018-2019 | -0.1066 | -0.4759 – 0.2627 | 0.572 | 0.2232 | -0.1173 – 0.5638 | 0.199 |
| Time Since Entry | -0.2457 | -0.2682 – -0.2232 | <0.001 | -0.0535 | -0.0659 – -0.0410 | <0.001 |
| baseline_pm25_05_yr:apoe+ APOE e4 | -0.0085 | -0.0245 – 0.0075 | 0.298 | |||
| age85:time_since_entry | -0.0123 | -0.0150 – -0.0097 | <0.001 | -0.0250 | -0.0273 – -0.0227 | <0.001 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_21996-1997 | -0.0013 | -0.0119 – 0.0093 | 0.814 | -0.0088 | -0.0184 – 0.0008 | 0.073 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22000-2001 | 0.0340 | 0.0232 – 0.0448 | <0.001 | 0.0003 | -0.0090 – 0.0095 | 0.956 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22002-2003 | 0.0378 | 0.0266 – 0.0491 | <0.001 | 0.0031 | -0.0066 – 0.0128 | 0.536 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22004-2005 | 0.0376 | 0.0233 – 0.0518 | <0.001 | -0.0107 | -0.0229 – 0.0015 | 0.087 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22006-2007 | 0.0661 | 0.0529 – 0.0793 | <0.001 | 0.0086 | -0.0023 – 0.0196 | 0.122 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22008-2009 | 0.0843 | 0.0706 – 0.0979 | <0.001 | 0.0183 | 0.0071 – 0.0295 | 0.001 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22010-2011 | 0.0976 | 0.0835 – 0.1117 | <0.001 | 0.0257 | 0.0141 – 0.0372 | <0.001 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22012-2013 | 0.1134 | 0.0952 – 0.1316 | <0.001 | 0.0373 | 0.0212 – 0.0535 | <0.001 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22014-2015 | 0.1088 | 0.0839 – 0.1337 | <0.001 | 0.0297 | 0.0061 – 0.0534 | 0.014 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22016-2017 | 0.1575 | 0.1035 – 0.2115 | <0.001 | 0.0766 | 0.0224 – 0.1307 | 0.006 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22018-2019 | 0.0195 | -0.1381 – 0.1771 | 0.808 | -0.0604 | -0.2207 – 0.0998 | 0.460 |
| apoe+ APOE e4 :time_since_entry | -0.0411 | -0.0688 – -0.0135 | 0.004 | -0.0346 | -0.0569 – -0.0123 | 0.002 |
| apoe+ APOE e4 :time_since_entry:exp_avg_pm25_05_yr | 0.0020 | -0.0012 – 0.0053 | 0.222 | |||
| baseline_no2_05_yr:apoe+ APOE e4 | 0.0133 | 0.0020 – 0.0247 | 0.021 | |||
| apoe+ APOE e4 :time_since_entry:exp_avg_no2_05_yr | 0.0008 | -0.0008 – 0.0024 | 0.325 | |||
| Random Effects | ||||||
| σ2 | 0.22 | 0.23 | ||||
| τ00 | 0.26 SUBJECT | 0.26 SUBJECT | ||||
| τ11 | 0.00 SUBJECT.time_since_entry | 0.00 SUBJECT.time_since_entry | ||||
| ρ01 | 0.03 SUBJECT | 0.07 SUBJECT | ||||
| ICC | 0.69 | 0.66 | ||||
| N | 4293 SUBJECT | 4293 SUBJECT | ||||
| Observations | 23043 | 23043 | ||||
| Marginal R2 / Conditional R2 | 0.248 / 0.768 | 0.230 / 0.736 | ||||
Model 6 Results
Co-Pollutant Model
M2 +
Cross Sectional: co-pollutant exposure at baseline
Longitudinal: co-pollutant
m6 <- lmer(casi_irt ~
baseline_no2_05_yr +
(baseline_no2_05_yr:baseline_pm25_05_yr) +
age_centered +
gender +
baseline_cal_year_2 +
apoe +
time_since_entry +
(time_since_entry | SUBJECT) +
(age85:time_since_entry) +
(exp_avg_no2_05_yr:time_since_entry) +
(baseline_cal_year_2:time_since_entry) +
(apoe:time_since_entry) +
(exp_avg_no2_05_yr:exp_avg_pm25_05_yr:time_since_entry),
data = data6, weights = sw.apoe.karl,
control = lmerControl(optimizer ="Nelder_Mead", optCtrl=list(maxfun=2e5)))
## Warning: Some predictor variables are on very different scales: consider
## rescaling
m6_5_tab
| Model 6, PM 2.5 | Model 6, NO2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictors | Estimates | CI | p | Estimates | CI | p |
| (Intercept) | 1.1545 | 0.8483 – 1.4607 | <0.001 | 0.5211 | 0.4334 – 0.6088 | <0.001 |
| Baseline PM 2.5(5 year) | -0.0628 | -0.0896 – -0.0360 | <0.001 | |||
| time_since_entry:exp_avg_pm25_05_yr | 0.0244 | 0.0214 – 0.0274 | <0.001 | |||
| Baseline NO 2(5 year) | 0.0341 | 0.0185 – 0.0497 | <0.001 | |||
| time_since_entry:exp_avg_no2_05_yr | -0.0141 | -0.0159 – -0.0123 | <0.001 | |||
| Baseline Age(centered) | -0.0439 | -0.0469 – -0.0410 | <0.001 | -0.0439 | -0.0468 – -0.0409 | <0.001 |
| Gender: Male | -0.1838 | -0.2197 – -0.1479 | <0.001 | -0.1829 | -0.2188 – -0.1469 | <0.001 |
| baseline_cal_year_21996-1997 | -0.0568 | -0.1340 – 0.0204 | 0.149 | -0.0424 | -0.1174 – 0.0327 | 0.269 |
| baseline_cal_year_22000-2001 | -0.1724 | -0.2836 – -0.0611 | 0.002 | -0.1335 | -0.2318 – -0.0351 | 0.008 |
| baseline_cal_year_22002-2003 | -0.1521 | -0.2663 – -0.0378 | 0.009 | -0.1110 | -0.2114 – -0.0106 | 0.030 |
| baseline_cal_year_22004-2005 | -0.0594 | -0.1912 – 0.0724 | 0.377 | -0.0082 | -0.1269 – 0.1105 | 0.892 |
| baseline_cal_year_22006-2007 | -0.1125 | -0.2439 – 0.0189 | 0.093 | -0.0523 | -0.1650 – 0.0604 | 0.363 |
| baseline_cal_year_22008-2009 | -0.1897 | -0.3310 – -0.0484 | 0.009 | -0.1232 | -0.2409 – -0.0055 | 0.040 |
| baseline_cal_year_22010-2011 | -0.1493 | -0.3022 – 0.0037 | 0.056 | -0.0727 | -0.1945 – 0.0491 | 0.242 |
| baseline_cal_year_22012-2013 | -0.2817 | -0.4555 – -0.1079 | 0.001 | -0.1877 | -0.3223 – -0.0531 | 0.006 |
| baseline_cal_year_22014-2015 | -0.1765 | -0.3578 – 0.0048 | 0.056 | -0.0673 | -0.2047 – 0.0701 | 0.337 |
| baseline_cal_year_22016-2017 | -0.1952 | -0.3982 – 0.0079 | 0.060 | -0.0827 | -0.2454 – 0.0800 | 0.319 |
| baseline_cal_year_22018-2019 | -0.0964 | -0.4667 – 0.2740 | 0.610 | 0.0180 | -0.3317 – 0.3678 | 0.920 |
| APOE Status: +APOE e 4 | -0.0642 | -0.1060 – -0.0224 | 0.003 | -0.0636 | -0.1053 – -0.0218 | 0.003 |
| Time Since Entry | -0.2615 | -0.2845 – -0.2384 | <0.001 | -0.0407 | -0.0530 – -0.0283 | <0.001 |
| age85:time_since_entry | -0.0121 | -0.0148 – -0.0095 | <0.001 | -0.0138 | -0.0164 – -0.0112 | <0.001 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_21996-1997 | -0.0005 | -0.0111 – 0.0101 | 0.923 | -0.0020 | -0.0124 – 0.0084 | 0.710 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22000-2001 | 0.0362 | 0.0253 – 0.0471 | <0.001 | 0.0325 | 0.0219 – 0.0431 | <0.001 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22002-2003 | 0.0393 | 0.0280 – 0.0506 | <0.001 | 0.0354 | 0.0244 – 0.0465 | <0.001 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22004-2005 | 0.0386 | 0.0243 – 0.0529 | <0.001 | 0.0294 | 0.0155 – 0.0432 | <0.001 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22006-2007 | 0.0673 | 0.0541 – 0.0806 | <0.001 | 0.0551 | 0.0424 – 0.0678 | <0.001 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22008-2009 | 0.0859 | 0.0721 – 0.0996 | <0.001 | 0.0712 | 0.0582 – 0.0842 | <0.001 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22010-2011 | 0.0993 | 0.0852 – 0.1134 | <0.001 | 0.0817 | 0.0684 – 0.0950 | <0.001 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22012-2013 | 0.1152 | 0.0970 – 0.1335 | <0.001 | 0.0946 | 0.0771 – 0.1121 | <0.001 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22014-2015 | 0.1103 | 0.0853 – 0.1352 | <0.001 | 0.0864 | 0.0621 – 0.1107 | <0.001 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22016-2017 | 0.1593 | 0.1052 – 0.2133 | <0.001 | 0.1361 | 0.0823 – 0.1900 | <0.001 |
| time_since_entry:baseline_cal_year_22018-2019 | 0.0216 | -0.1359 – 0.1792 | 0.788 | -0.0025 | -0.1603 – 0.1552 | 0.975 |
| time_since_entry:apoe+ APOE e4 | -0.0244 | -0.0307 – -0.0180 | <0.001 | -0.0248 | -0.0311 – -0.0185 | <0.001 |
| baseline_pm25_05_yr:baseline_no2_05_yr | -0.0000 | -0.0005 – 0.0005 | 0.942 | |||
| time_since_entry:exp_avg_pm25_05_yr:exp_avg_no2_05_yr | -0.0001 | -0.0002 – -0.0000 | 0.006 | |||
| baseline_no2_05_yr:baseline_pm25_05_yr | -0.0035 | -0.0048 – -0.0023 | <0.001 | |||
| time_since_entry:exp_avg_no2_05_yr:exp_avg_pm25_05_yr | 0.0014 | 0.0013 – 0.0016 | <0.001 | |||
| Random Effects | ||||||
| σ2 | 0.22 | 0.22 | ||||
| τ00 | 0.26 SUBJECT | 0.26 SUBJECT | ||||
| τ11 | 0.00 SUBJECT.time_since_entry | 0.00 SUBJECT.time_since_entry | ||||
| ρ01 | 0.03 SUBJECT | 0.05 SUBJECT | ||||
| ICC | 0.69 | 0.69 | ||||
| N | 4293 SUBJECT | 4293 SUBJECT | ||||
| Observations | 23043 | 23043 | ||||
| Marginal R2 / Conditional R2 | 0.247 / 0.769 | 0.245 / 0.764 | ||||
AP Exposure Results Summarized
| Model | Beta (SE) | p-value | Beta (SE) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure = NO2 | ||||
| Model 1 | -0.0096 (0.0024) | < 0.05 | 5e-04 (3e-04) | 0.1146 |
| Model 2 | -0.0067 (0.0027) | < 0.05 | 0.0013 (4e-04) | < 0.05 |
| Model 3 | -0.0051 (0.0027) | 0.0602 | 0.0013 (4e-04) | < 0.05 |
| Model 4 | -0.0058 (0.0027) | < 0.05 | 6e-04 (4e-04) | 0.1332 |
| Model 5 | -0.01 (0.003) | < 0.05 | 0.0011 (4e-04) | < 0.05 |
| Model 6 | 0.0341 (0.008) | < 0.05 | -0.0141 (9e-04) | < 0.05 |
| Exposure = PM2.5 | ||||
| Model 1 | -0.037 (0.0035) | < 0.05 | 0.0069 (7e-04) | < 0.05 |
| Model 2 | -0.0646 (0.0118) | < 0.05 | 0.0213 (0.0011) | < 0.05 |
| Model 3 | -0.0558 (0.0114) | < 0.05 | 0.0212 (0.0011) | < 0.05 |
| Model 4 | -0.0527 (0.0117) | < 0.05 | 0.0159 (0.0012) | < 0.05 |
| Model 5 | -0.0625 (0.012) | < 0.05 | 0.0209 (0.0012) | < 0.05 |
| Model 6 | -0.0628 (0.0137) | < 0.05 | 0.0244 (0.0016) | < 0.05 |