Lab 1: Intro to R

install.packages("tidyverse")
install.packages("openintro")
library(tidyverse)
library(openintro)

data('arbuthnot', package='openintro')

arbuthnot

## # A tibble: 82 × 3
##     year  boys girls
##    <int> <int> <int>
##  1  1629  5218  4683
##  2  1630  4858  4457
##  3  1631  4422  4102
##  4  1632  4994  4590
##  5  1633  5158  4839
##  6  1634  5035  4820
##  7  1635  5106  4928
##  8  1636  4917  4605
##  9  1637  4703  4457
## 10  1638  5359  4952
## # … with 72 more rows

glimpse(arbuthnot)

arbuthnot$boys

##  [1] 5218 4858 4422 4994 5158 5035 5106 4917 4703 5359 5366 5518 5470 5460 4793
## [16] 4107 4047 3768 3796 3363 3079 2890 3231 3220 3196 3441 3655 3668 3396 3157
## [31] 3209 3724 4748 5216 5411 6041 5114 4678 5616 6073 6506 6278 6449 6443 6073
## [46] 6113 6058 6552 6423 6568 6247 6548 6822 6909 7577 7575 7484 7575 7737 7487
## [61] 7604 7909 7662 7602 7676 6985 7263 7632 8062 8426 7911 7578 8102 8031 7765
## [76] 6113 8366 7952 8379 8239 7840 7640

Exercise 1

arbuthnot$girls

##  [1] 4683 4457 4102 4590 4839 4820 4928 4605 4457 4952 4784 5332 5200 4910 4617
## [16] 3997 3919 3395 3536 3181 2746 2722 2840 2908 2959 3179 3349 3382 3289 3013
## [31] 2781 3247 4107 4803 4881 5681 4858 4319 5322 5560 5829 5719 6061 6120 5822
## [46] 5738 5717 5847 6203 6033 6041 6299 6533 6744 7158 7127 7246 7119 7214 7101
## [61] 7167 7302 7392 7316 7483 6647 6713 7229 7767 7626 7452 7061 7514 7656 7683
## [76] 5738 7779 7417 7687 7623 7380 7288

Exercise 2

Insert any text here.

ggplot(data = arbuthnot, aes(x = year, y = girls)) + 
  geom_point()

the plot above shown there is an increase in the number of girls being baptized from 1629 to 1710

Exercise 3

Insert any text here.

arbuthnot<-arbuthnot %>%
  mutate(total=boys+girls)
arbuthnot<-arbuthnot %>%
  mutate(boys_to_girls_ratio=boys/total)
arbuthnot<-arbuthnot %>%
  mutate(boy_ratio=boys/total)
ggplot(data=arbuthnot,aes(x=year,y=boy_ratio))+geom_line()

it looks like propotions of boys baptized are dropping gradually overtime.

Exercise 4

data('present', package='openintro')
glimpse(present)

Exercise 5

Insert any text here.

present<-present %>%
  mutate(total=boys+girls)
head(present)
head(arbuthnot)

The values in present dataset are much bigger than arbuthnot by 3 orders of magnitude

Exercise 6

Insert any text here.

present<-present %>%
  mutate(total=boys+girls)
present<-present %>%
  mutate(boys_to_girls_ratio=boys/girls)
present<-present %>%
  mutate(boys_ratio=boys/total)
ggplot(data = present, aes(x=year,y=boys_ratio))+geom_line()

the boy_ratio is decreasing over time for the present data, different from Arbuthnot’s observation.

Exercise 7

Insert any text here.

present %>%
  arrange(desc(total))