Assignment 1
Mohamed Hassan-El Serafi
January 29, 2023
Overview
The Coronavirus pandemic has upended the way of life for billions of people around the world. This dataset explores the views of Americans towards the response to COVID-19 from President Biden and President Trump.
Load Libraries
library(tidyverse)## ── Attaching packages ─────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse 1.3.2 ──
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## ✔ tibble 3.1.8 ✔ dplyr 1.0.10
## ✔ tidyr 1.3.0 ✔ stringr 1.5.0
## ✔ readr 2.1.3 ✔ forcats 0.5.2
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## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()library(devtools)## Loading required package: usethislibrary(RCurl)##
## Attaching package: 'RCurl'
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## The following object is masked from 'package:tidyr':
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## completeImporting CSV Dataset
df <- read_csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fivethirtyeight/covid-19-polls/master/covid_approval_toplines.csv")## Rows: 5641 Columns: 6
## ── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Delimiter: ","
## chr (4): subject, modeldate, party, timestamp
## dbl (2): approve_estimate, disapprove_estimate
##
## ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.head(df)## # A tibble: 6 Ă— 6
## subject modeldate party approve_estimate disapprove_estimate timestamp
## <chr> <chr> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <chr>
## 1 Biden 11/27/2022 R 18.6 74.3 02:31:21 27 Nov…
## 2 Biden 11/27/2022 D 80.9 12.8 02:31:11 27 Nov…
## 3 Biden 11/27/2022 I 37.5 43.8 02:31:16 27 Nov…
## 4 Biden 11/27/2022 all 47.8 41.8 02:31:28 27 Nov…
## 5 Biden 11/26/2022 D 80.9 12.8 02:31:13 27 Nov…
## 6 Biden 11/26/2022 I 37.5 43.8 02:31:18 27 Nov…Snapshot of Data
glimpse(df)## Rows: 5,641
## Columns: 6
## $ subject <chr> "Biden", "Biden", "Biden", "Biden", "Biden", "Bide…
## $ modeldate <chr> "11/27/2022", "11/27/2022", "11/27/2022", "11/27/2…
## $ party <chr> "R", "D", "I", "all", "D", "I", "R", "all", "I", "…
## $ approve_estimate <dbl> 18.60035, 80.87721, 37.50505, 47.82518, 80.87721, …
## $ disapprove_estimate <dbl> 74.28683, 12.76845, 43.82998, 41.82306, 12.76845, …
## $ timestamp <chr> "02:31:21 27 Nov 2022", "02:31:11 27 Nov 2022", "0…sum(is.na(df))## [1] 0Renaming Columns
df <- as_tibble(df)
new_df <- rename(df, President = subject, Date = modeldate, Party = party, Approve = approve_estimate, Disapprove = disapprove_estimate, Timestamp = timestamp)Approval Ratings of President Biden’s Handling of COVID-19 Response
The following subsets of data focuses on American views of President Biden’s response to COVID-19, parsed down by political party affiliation and sorted in descending order by highest job approval rating:
filter(new_df, President == 'Biden' & Party == 'R') %>%
arrange(desc(Approve))## # A tibble: 667 Ă— 6
## President Date Party Approve Disapprove Timestamp
## <chr> <chr> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <chr>
## 1 Biden 5/11/2021 R 34.0 61.5 08:40:22 12 May 2021
## 2 Biden 5/10/2021 R 34.0 61.5 09:10:29 10 May 2021
## 3 Biden 5/9/2021 R 34.0 61.5 09:10:30 10 May 2021
## 4 Biden 5/8/2021 R 34.0 61.5 09:10:30 10 May 2021
## 5 Biden 5/12/2021 R 33.8 61.5 09:05:15 12 May 2021
## 6 Biden 5/13/2021 R 33.6 61.5 09:00:16 13 May 2021
## 7 Biden 5/16/2021 R 33.5 61.7 08:55:37 17 May 2021
## 8 Biden 5/15/2021 R 33.5 61.7 08:55:37 17 May 2021
## 9 Biden 5/14/2021 R 33.5 61.7 08:55:38 17 May 2021
## 10 Biden 6/19/2021 R 33.1 62.4 09:25:41 21 Jun 2021
## # … with 657 more rowsfilter(new_df, President == 'Biden' & Party == 'D') %>%
arrange(desc(Approve))## # A tibble: 662 Ă— 6
## President Date Party Approve Disapprove Timestamp
## <chr> <chr> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <chr>
## 1 Biden 3/22/2021 D 92.7 5.00 09:45:07 22 Mar 2021
## 2 Biden 3/21/2021 D 92.7 5.00 09:45:08 22 Mar 2021
## 3 Biden 3/20/2021 D 92.7 5.00 09:45:08 22 Mar 2021
## 4 Biden 3/24/2021 D 92.6 4.75 13:20:06 24 Mar 2021
## 5 Biden 3/23/2021 D 92.6 4.75 10:45:07 24 Mar 2021
## 6 Biden 6/29/2021 D 92.5 5.69 21:05:07 29 Jun 2021
## 7 Biden 6/28/2021 D 92.5 5.69 21:05:08 29 Jun 2021
## 8 Biden 6/27/2021 D 92.5 5.69 21:05:08 29 Jun 2021
## 9 Biden 6/26/2021 D 92.5 5.69 21:05:08 29 Jun 2021
## 10 Biden 6/25/2021 D 92.5 5.69 21:05:09 29 Jun 2021
## # … with 652 more rowsfilter(new_df, President == 'Biden' & Party == 'I') %>%
arrange(desc(Approve))## # A tibble: 665 Ă— 6
## President Date Party Approve Disapprove Timestamp
## <chr> <chr> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <chr>
## 1 Biden 3/31/2021 I 60.9 32.0 19:35:12 31 Mar 2021
## 2 Biden 5/27/2021 I 60.8 32.7 07:40:17 28 May 2021
## 3 Biden 5/26/2021 I 60.8 32.7 21:20:12 26 May 2021
## 4 Biden 4/13/2021 I 60.7 31.6 09:10:11 13 Apr 2021
## 5 Biden 4/12/2021 I 60.7 31.6 10:15:13 12 Apr 2021
## 6 Biden 5/3/2021 I 60.6 32.6 10:15:24 5 May 2021
## 7 Biden 5/2/2021 I 60.6 32.6 10:15:25 5 May 2021
## 8 Biden 5/1/2021 I 60.6 32.6 20:20:10 1 May 2021
## 9 Biden 4/30/2021 I 60.6 32.6 16:55:14 30 Apr 2021
## 10 Biden 4/11/2021 I 60.5 31.7 16:35:26 11 Apr 2021
## # … with 655 more rowsfilter(new_df, President == 'Biden' & Party == 'all') %>%
arrange(desc(Approve))## # A tibble: 671 Ă— 6
## President Date Party Approve Disapprove Timestamp
## <chr> <chr> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <chr>
## 1 Biden 1/25/2021 all 69 30.1 11:11:16 8 Feb 2021
## 2 Biden 1/24/2021 all 69 30.1 11:11:17 8 Feb 2021
## 3 Biden 1/23/2021 all 69 30.1 11:11:17 8 Feb 2021
## 4 Biden 1/22/2021 all 69 31 11:11:18 8 Feb 2021
## 5 Biden 5/27/2021 all 63.4 32.1 07:40:33 28 May 2021
## 6 Biden 5/26/2021 all 63.4 32.1 21:20:20 26 May 2021
## 7 Biden 5/11/2021 all 63.3 31.1 08:40:30 12 May 2021
## 8 Biden 5/16/2021 all 63.3 31.3 08:55:52 17 May 2021
## 9 Biden 5/15/2021 all 63.3 31.3 08:55:53 17 May 2021
## 10 Biden 5/14/2021 all 63.3 31.3 08:55:53 17 May 2021
## # … with 661 more rowsThe favorable ratings of President Biden varied based on political party affiliation. The highest approval ratings the President received from Democrats was under 93%, and 34% from people who identified as Republicans. Among Americans who identified as Independents, the highest approval rating was just under 61%, and overall Americans gave a high of 69% approval rating. All of the highest approval ratings occurred in 2021, which may indicate that President Biden’s lowest approval ratings occurred in 2022.
Box Plot
How does President Biden and President Trump’s approval ratings of responding to the Coronavirus compare with each other?
As the boxplot shows, President Biden’s median approval ratings are
almost 10 percentage points better than President Trump. Trump’s lowest
approval ratings are lower than Biden’s lowest approval ratings, and
Biden’s highest approval ratings are higher than Trump’s highest
approval ratings. While Biden’s approval ratings are higher than Trump,
how does each President’s disapproval ratings compare with each
other?
ggplot(new_df, aes(x = President, y=Disapprove,color=President)) +
geom_boxplot() +
labs(x='President', y='Disapproval Rating', title='COVID-19 Response Job Disapproval Ratings')
When comparing each President’s disapproval ratings, the median
disapproval rating of Trump is about 10 percentage points higher than
Biden. The highest and lowest disapproval rating of Trump is higher than
that of Biden, respectively.