Demographic Summary

Little Rock
(N=36)		 Palo Alto
(N=58)		 Puget Sound
(N=72)		 Overall
(N=166)
Gender
Male 29 (80.6%) 38 (65.5%) 50 (69.4%) 117 (70.5%)
Female 7 (19.4%) 6 (10.3%) 22 (30.6%) 35 (21.1%)
Unknown 0 (0%) 1 (1.7%) 0 (0%) 1 (0.6%)
Missing 0 (0%) 13 (22.4%) 0 (0%) 13 (7.8%)
Age
Mean (SD) 70.8 (5.92) 73.4 (8.62) 61.1 (14.8) 67.0 (12.8)
Median [Min, Max] 70.0 [61.0, 88.0] 74.0 [51.0, 94.0] 64.0 [28.0, 90.0] 69.0 [28.0, 94.0]
Missing 0 (0%) 12 (20.7%) 0 (0%) 12 (7.2%)
Race
White 26 (72.2%) 23 (39.7%) 45 (62.5%) 94 (56.6%)
Black 9 (25.0%) 2 (3.4%) 10 (13.9%) 21 (12.7%)
Asian 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 2 (2.8%) 2 (1.2%)
American Indian/Alaskan Native 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 2 (2.8%) 2 (1.2%)
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander 0 (0%) 2 (3.4%) 3 (4.2%) 5 (3.0%)
Unknown 1 (2.8%) 13 (22.4%) 10 (13.9%) 24 (14.5%)
Missing 0 (0%) 18 (31.0%) 0 (0%) 18 (10.8%)
Education
< 8th Grade 0 (0%) 2 (3.4%) 0 (0%) 2 (1.2%)
< 12th Grade 0 (0%) 3 (5.2%) 2 (2.8%) 5 (3.0%)
High School/GED 2 (5.6%) 3 (5.2%) 3 (4.2%) 8 (4.8%)
Some College 12 (33.3%) 9 (15.5%) 14 (19.4%) 35 (21.1%)
Trade/Technical/Vocational Training 4 (11.1%) 0 (0%) 4 (5.6%) 8 (4.8%)
Associate Degree 5 (13.9%) 5 (8.6%) 10 (13.9%) 20 (12.0%)
Bachelor's Degree 4 (11.1%) 4 (6.9%) 19 (26.4%) 27 (16.3%)
Postgrad Degree 5 (13.9%) 3 (5.2%) 16 (22.2%) 24 (14.5%)
Unknown 4 (11.1%) 12 (20.7%) 4 (5.6%) 20 (12.0%)
Missing 0 (0%) 17 (29.3%) 0 (0%) 17 (10.2%)
Marraige Status
Single/Never Married 2 (5.6%) 4 (6.9%) 7 (9.7%) 13 (7.8%)
Married 23 (63.9%) 20 (34.5%) 41 (56.9%) 84 (50.6%)
Widowed 2 (5.6%) 3 (5.2%) 8 (11.1%) 13 (7.8%)
Divorced 8 (22.2%) 8 (13.8%) 14 (19.4%) 30 (18.1%)
Separated 1 (2.8%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (0.6%)
Domestic Partner 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (1.4%) 1 (0.6%)
Unknown 0 (0%) 7 (12.1%) 1 (1.4%) 8 (4.8%)
Missing 0 (0%) 16 (27.6%) 0 (0%) 16 (9.6%)
Employment
No Employment History 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (1.4%) 1 (0.6%)
Employed < 19 hours/week 0 (0%) 2 (3.4%) 3 (4.2%) 5 (3.0%)
Employed > 20 hours/week 1 (2.8%) 1 (1.7%) 10 (13.9%) 12 (7.2%)
Disabled 6 (16.7%) 6 (10.3%) 20 (27.8%) 32 (19.3%)
Retired 29 (80.6%) 27 (46.6%) 35 (48.6%) 91 (54.8%)
Unknown 0 (0%) 5 (8.6%) 2 (2.8%) 7 (4.2%)
Missing 0 (0%) 17 (29.3%) 1 (1.4%) 18 (10.8%)






Attendance Summaries




Histogram of attendance total




Histogram of attendance percentage




Barchart of attendance percentage groupings



Barchart of attendance percentage groupings, for those who have completed the course









Exam Completion Summary



Number of complete pre and post course exams by exam and site

Pre Tai Chi Exam
Post Tai Chi Exam
Complete Both Pre and Post
Exam Little Rock Palo Alto Puget Sound Total Little Rock Palo Alto Puget Sound Total Little Rock Palo Alto Puget Sound Total
De Jong 36 31 43 110 20 18 35 73 20 11 25 56
GAD-7 36 30 48 114 20 19 37 76 20 12 28 60
PEG 36 33 49 118 20 28 37 85 20 24 29 73
PHQ9 36 31 46 113 20 19 35 74 20 12 27 59
ISI 9 0 43 52 6 0 33 39 4 0 21 25
SWLS 36 31 46 113 20 16 35 71 20 11 26 57
Balance 0 49 65 114 0 33 40 73 0 32 37 69
Chair 35 53 63 151 18 35 36 89 18 34 33 85
Falls 35 27 42 104 20 26 31 77 19 20 20 59












Number of complete pre and post course exams by exam and site for those 60+ in age

Pre Tai Chi Exam
Post Tai Chi Exam
Complete Both Pre and Post
Exam Little Rock Palo Alto Puget Sound Total Little Rock Palo Alto Puget Sound Total Little Rock Palo Alto Puget Sound Total
De Jong 36 21 27 84 20 18 25 63 20 11 17 48
GAD-7 36 20 30 86 20 19 27 66 20 12 21 53
PEG 36 31 30 97 20 26 27 73 20 23 21 64
PHQ9 36 21 29 86 20 19 26 65 20 12 20 52
ISI 9 0 26 35 6 0 23 29 4 0 15 19
SWLS 36 21 30 87 20 16 26 62 20 11 20 51
Balance 0 40 42 82 0 31 31 62 0 31 29 60
Chair 35 41 41 117 18 33 27 78 18 33 25 76
Falls 35 26 25 86 20 24 22 66 19 19 15 53










Quick Card Summary

Question Mean SD N
Q1: Rewarding 4.51 0.96 49
Q2: Instructor 4.81 0.61 48
Q3: Continue Tai Chi 4.37 0.97 49
Q4: Health 4.44 1.07 48
Q5: Kindness 4.84 0.66 49
Total Score 23.17 3.12 47
Note:
Possible score range = 1 - 5 (1 = least, 5 = most)













Baseline Exam Scores Summary

Little Rock
(N=36)		 Palo Alto
(N=58)		 Puget Sound
(N=72)		 Overall
(N=166)
De Jong Total Score
Mean (SD) 4.78 (3.83) 3.94 (3.12) 5.40 (3.81) 4.78 (3.65)
Median [Min, Max] 4.50 [0, 11.0] 4.00 [0, 10.0] 6.00 [0, 11.0] 4.00 [0, 11.0]
Missing 0 (0%) 27 (46.6%) 29 (40.3%) 56 (33.7%)
Falls Efficacy Total Score
Mean (SD) 28.3 (9.62) 27.3 (10.2) 34.3 (10.4) 30.5 (10.5)
Median [Min, Max] 28.0 [16.0, 49.0] 26.0 [16.0, 50.0] 35.0 [16.0, 57.0] 29.0 [16.0, 57.0]
Missing 1 (2.8%) 31 (53.4%) 30 (41.7%) 62 (37.3%)
GAD-7 Total Score
Mean (SD) 5.17 (5.21) 4.30 (4.60) 6.98 (5.22) 5.70 (5.15)
Median [Min, Max] 4.00 [0, 19.0] 2.50 [0, 15.0] 6.00 [0, 20.0] 5.00 [0, 20.0]
Missing 0 (0%) 28 (48.3%) 24 (33.3%) 52 (31.3%)
Insomnia Severity Index Total Score
Mean (SD) 9.44 (9.88) NA (NA) 12.8 (7.58) 12.3 (8.02)
Median [Min, Max] 5.00 [0, 25.0] NA [NA, NA] 12.0 [0, 28.0] 12.0 [0, 28.0]
Missing 27 (75.0%) 58 (100%) 29 (40.3%) 114 (68.7%)
PEG Pain Scale Total Score
Mean (SD) 3.64 (2.74) 2.64 (2.49) 5.01 (2.55) 3.93 (2.75)
Median [Min, Max] 3.17 [0, 9.00] 2.00 [0, 7.00] 5.00 [0, 9.33] 4.00 [0, 9.33]
Missing 0 (0%) 25 (43.1%) 23 (31.9%) 48 (28.9%)
PHQ9 Total Score
Mean (SD) 6.86 (5.96) 4.87 (5.40) 8.50 (5.98) 6.98 (5.96)
Median [Min, Max] 5.50 [0, 19.0] 3.00 [0, 17.0] 8.00 [0, 21.0] 5.00 [0, 21.0]
Missing 0 (0%) 27 (46.6%) 26 (36.1%) 53 (31.9%)
Satisfaction with Life Survey Total Score
Mean (SD) 22.9 (7.88) 25.5 (8.57) 21.2 (8.38) 22.9 (8.39)
Median [Min, Max] 22.5 [5.00, 35.0] 30.0 [6.00, 35.0] 22.5 [5.00, 35.0] 24.0 [5.00, 35.0]
Missing 0 (0%) 27 (46.6%) 26 (36.1%) 53 (31.9%)
Chair Stands (Total Stands)
Mean (SD) 8.77 (3.65) 9.66 (3.89) 10.2 (4.95) 9.68 (4.32)
Median [Min, Max] 9.00 [0, 15.0] 10.0 [0, 20.0] 11.0 [0, 25.0] 10.0 [0, 25.0]
Missing 1 (2.8%) 5 (8.6%) 9 (12.5%) 15 (9.0%)
Balance: Side by Side
Mean (SD) NA (NA) 9.90 (0.707) 10.0 (0) 9.96 (0.466)
Median [Min, Max] NA [NA, NA] 10.0 [5.00, 10.0] 10.0 [10.0, 10.0] 10.0 [5.00, 10.0]
Missing 36 (100%) 8 (13.8%) 7 (9.7%) 51 (30.7%)
Balance: Instep
Mean (SD) NA (NA) 9.31 (2.25) 9.80 (1.26) 9.59 (1.76)
Median [Min, Max] NA [NA, NA] 10.0 [0, 10.0] 10.0 [0, 10.0] 10.0 [0, 10.0]
Missing 36 (100%) 9 (15.5%) 7 (9.7%) 52 (31.3%)
Balance: Tandem
Mean (SD) NA (NA) 6.73 (4.29) 8.52 (2.81) 7.75 (3.62)
Median [Min, Max] NA [NA, NA] 10.0 [0, 10.0] 10.0 [0, 10.0] 10.0 [0, 10.0]
Missing 36 (100%) 9 (15.5%) 7 (9.7%) 52 (31.3%)
Balance: One Foot
Mean (SD) NA (NA) 4.06 (3.69) 6.88 (3.71) 5.67 (3.94)
Median [Min, Max] NA [NA, NA] 3.00 [0, 10.0] 9.00 [0, 10.0] 6.00 [0, 10.0]
Missing 36 (100%) 9 (15.5%) 7 (9.7%) 52 (31.3%)
















De Jong Loneliness Scale

Assesses loneliness. Higher scores indicate more loneliness




GAD-7

Assesses anxiety. Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety




PEG Pain Scale

Assesses pain by averaging the scores of 3 quesitons on the severity of pain and how it interferes with one’s life. Higher scores indicate more pain




PHQ-9

Objectifies and assesses degree of depression severity. Higher scores indicate more severe depression




Insomnia Score

Assesses the severity of insomnia symptoms. Higher scores indicate greater severity




Satisfaction

Designed to measure global cognitive judgments of one’s life satisfaction. Higher scores indicate more satisfaction




Balance Tests

Number of seconds able to balance in different poses (maximum of 10 seconds)




Chair Stand

Total number of sits/stands in a 30 second period




Falls Efficacy Score

Assesses confidence in doing 10 household activities. Higher scores indicate lower confidence




Analyses of above average scorers




Dejong Loneliness



GAD-7



PEG



PHQ9



Insomnia Severity Index



Satisfaction With Life Survey



Balance (Tandem)



Balance (One Foot)



Chair Stands



Falls Efficacy








Paired T-test Results


Exam N Pre TC Mean Post TC Mean Difference P-value
Dejong 56 5.05 4.80 -0.25 0.44
GAD 60 5.65 5.33 -0.32 0.51
PEG 73 3.32 3.48 0.16 0.53
PHQ9 59 7.39 6.44 -0.95 0.09
ISI 25 12.00 10.28 -1.72 0.17
SWLS 57 22.84 23.56 0.72 0.19
Balance: Tandem 69 7.97 9.30 1.33 < 0.05
Balance: One Foot 69 5.54 6.81 1.27 < 0.05
Chair Stands 85 10.21 12.09 1.88 < 0.05
FALLS 59 28.73 28.36 -0.37 0.7










Paired T-test Results (for those who are 60+)



Exam N Pre TC Mean Post TC Mean Difference P-value
Dejong 48 4.94 4.54 -0.40 0.26
GAD 53 5.34 5.17 -0.17 0.7
PEG 64 3.01 3.26 0.25 0.38
PHQ9 52 6.92 6.40 -0.52 0.34
ISI 19 10.95 8.95 -2.00 0.12
SWLS 51 23.39 23.96 0.57 0.31
Balance: Tandem 60 7.67 9.20 1.53 < 0.05
Balance: One Foot 60 5.01 6.38 1.38 < 0.05
Chair Stands 76 10.20 12.27 2.07 < 0.05
FALLS 53 28.74 28.19 -0.55 0.56










Paired T-test Results (for those 60+ and with >60% attendance)


Exam N Pre TC Mean Post TC Mean Difference P-value
Dejong 43 4.88 4.40 -0.49 0.13
GAD 47 4.85 4.45 -0.40 0.38
PEG 55 2.89 3.12 0.23 0.36
PHQ9 46 6.57 5.78 -0.78 0.12
ISI 18 10.78 8.33 -2.44 0.06
SWLS 46 23.70 24.04 0.35 0.56
Balance: Tandem 47 7.62 9.30 1.68 < 0.05
Balance: One Foot 47 4.88 6.21 1.33 < 0.05
Chair Stands 63 9.83 12.33 2.50 < 0.05
FALLS 45 29.33 28.44 -0.89 0.36





























Mixed Model results

Exam N Coefficient P-value
Dejong 127 0.09 0.76
GAD 130 0.23 0.61
PEG 130 -0.04 0.86
PHQ9 128 0.71 0.18
ISI 66 1.33 0.24
SWLS 127 -0.60 0.26
Balance 118 -1.43 < 0.05
Chair Stands 155 -1.94 < 0.05
FALLS 122 0.44 0.63

Mixed Model results (Complete Data)

Exam N Coefficient P-value
Dejong 56 -0.25 0.44
GAD 60 -0.32 0.51
PEG 73 0.16 0.53
PHQ9 59 -0.95 0.09
ISI 25 -1.72 0.17
SWLS 57 0.72 0.19
Balance 69 1.33 < 0.05
Chair Stands 85 1.88 < 0.05
FALLS 59 -0.37 0.7