This is my first markdown homework

(a) Description of the data

For this homework, I will use the California Test Score Data. The dataset contains:

  • data on test performance
  • school characteristics
  • student demographic backgrounds for school districts in California.
data <- read.csv('/Users/sue/Downloads/CASchools.csv')

The dataset has 420 observations and 15 variables. I used R code to compute this and display it inline.

dim(data)
## [1] 420  15
str(data)
## 'data.frame':    420 obs. of  15 variables:
##  $ X          : int  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
##  $ district   : int  75119 61499 61549 61457 61523 62042 68536 63834 62331 67306 ...
##  $ school     : chr  "Sunol Glen Unified" "Manzanita Elementary" "Thermalito Union Elementary" "Golden Feather Union Elementary" ...
##  $ county     : chr  "Alameda" "Butte" "Butte" "Butte" ...
##  $ grades     : chr  "KK-08" "KK-08" "KK-08" "KK-08" ...
##  $ students   : int  195 240 1550 243 1335 137 195 888 379 2247 ...
##  $ teachers   : num  10.9 11.1 82.9 14 71.5 ...
##  $ calworks   : num  0.51 15.42 55.03 36.48 33.11 ...
##  $ lunch      : num  2.04 47.92 76.32 77.05 78.43 ...
##  $ computer   : int  67 101 169 85 171 25 28 66 35 0 ...
##  $ expenditure: num  6385 5099 5502 7102 5236 ...
##  $ income     : num  22.69 9.82 8.98 8.98 9.08 ...
##  $ english    : num  0 4.58 30 0 13.86 ...
##  $ read       : num  692 660 636 652 642 ...
##  $ math       : num  690 662 651 644 640 ...

(b) Make a summary table

###summary of the data
head(data)
##   X district                          school  county grades students teachers
## 1 1    75119              Sunol Glen Unified Alameda  KK-08      195    10.90
## 2 2    61499            Manzanita Elementary   Butte  KK-08      240    11.15
## 3 3    61549     Thermalito Union Elementary   Butte  KK-08     1550    82.90
## 4 4    61457 Golden Feather Union Elementary   Butte  KK-08      243    14.00
## 5 5    61523        Palermo Union Elementary   Butte  KK-08     1335    71.50
## 6 6    62042         Burrel Union Elementary  Fresno  KK-08      137     6.40
##   calworks   lunch computer expenditure    income   english  read  math
## 1   0.5102  2.0408       67    6384.911 22.690001  0.000000 691.6 690.0
## 2  15.4167 47.9167      101    5099.381  9.824000  4.583333 660.5 661.9
## 3  55.0323 76.3226      169    5501.955  8.978000 30.000002 636.3 650.9
## 4  36.4754 77.0492       85    7101.831  8.978000  0.000000 651.9 643.5
## 5  33.1086 78.4270      171    5235.988  9.080333 13.857677 641.8 639.9
## 6  12.3188 86.9565       25    5580.147 10.415000 12.408759 605.7 605.4
summary(data)
##        X            district        school             county         
##  Min.   :  1.0   Min.   :61382   Length:420         Length:420        
##  1st Qu.:105.8   1st Qu.:64308   Class :character   Class :character  
##  Median :210.5   Median :67760   Mode  :character   Mode  :character  
##  Mean   :210.5   Mean   :67473                                        
##  3rd Qu.:315.2   3rd Qu.:70419                                        
##  Max.   :420.0   Max.   :75440                                        
##     grades             students          teachers          calworks     
##  Length:420         Min.   :   81.0   Min.   :   4.85   Min.   : 0.000  
##  Class :character   1st Qu.:  379.0   1st Qu.:  19.66   1st Qu.: 4.395  
##  Mode  :character   Median :  950.5   Median :  48.56   Median :10.520  
##                     Mean   : 2628.8   Mean   : 129.07   Mean   :13.246  
##                     3rd Qu.: 3008.0   3rd Qu.: 146.35   3rd Qu.:18.981  
##                     Max.   :27176.0   Max.   :1429.00   Max.   :78.994  
##      lunch           computer       expenditure       income      
##  Min.   :  0.00   Min.   :   0.0   Min.   :3926   Min.   : 5.335  
##  1st Qu.: 23.28   1st Qu.:  46.0   1st Qu.:4906   1st Qu.:10.639  
##  Median : 41.75   Median : 117.5   Median :5215   Median :13.728  
##  Mean   : 44.71   Mean   : 303.4   Mean   :5312   Mean   :15.317  
##  3rd Qu.: 66.86   3rd Qu.: 375.2   3rd Qu.:5601   3rd Qu.:17.629  
##  Max.   :100.00   Max.   :3324.0   Max.   :7712   Max.   :55.328  
##     english            read            math      
##  Min.   : 0.000   Min.   :604.5   Min.   :605.4  
##  1st Qu.: 1.941   1st Qu.:640.4   1st Qu.:639.4  
##  Median : 8.778   Median :655.8   Median :652.5  
##  Mean   :15.768   Mean   :655.0   Mean   :653.3  
##  3rd Qu.:22.970   3rd Qu.:668.7   3rd Qu.:665.9  
##  Max.   :85.540   Max.   :704.0   Max.   :709.5

(c)

Then we try to calculate the average number of students is 2628.7928571. I used R code to compute this and display it inline. The equation is \(\frac{\sum_{i=1}^n x}{n}\)

##total read score
mean(data$students)
## [1] 2628.793

(d) Plots

From the plots, we can see that Percent qualifying for CalWorks is negatively related to math and read scores.