Demographic Characteristics, by Hotspot and Coldspot
Variable All census tracts
N = 6211		 Coldspot
N = 129 (20.8%)1		 Hotspot
N = 238 (38.3%)1		 Insignficant
N = 254 (40.9%)1		 p-value2
Total Pop 4,722.87 (1,696.33) 4,370.04 (1,656.71) 4,835.73 (1,604.31) 4,796.31 (1,780.78) 0.028
Racial Minority % 34.97 (26.26) 27.58 (20.38) 43.32 (28.17) 30.90 (25.03) <0.001
Low Income % 15.15 (9.52) 14.52 (8.68) 14.85 (10.20) 15.76 (9.27) 0.396
Less than HS Ed.% 8.83 (7.84) 7.39 (6.13) 9.35 (8.13) 9.08 (8.25) 0.058
Lingustic Isolation % 4.38 (5.27) 2.84 (4.49) 5.78 (5.89) 3.86 (4.69) <0.001
Under Age 5 % 5.29 (2.16) 5.38 (2.11) 5.40 (2.22) 5.14 (2.13) 0.349
Over Age 64 % 17.42 (6.87) 16.87 (7.32) 17.49 (7.07) 17.64 (6.44) 0.571
Unemployed % 4.03 (2.13) 4.12 (1.82) 3.83 (2.20) 4.17 (2.20) 0.180
Total Vulnerability Index % 25.06 (16.44) 21.05 (13.45) 29.08 (17.62) 23.33 (15.92) <0.001
1 Mean (SD)
2 One-way ANOVA
Environmental characteristics, by Hotspot and Coldspot
Variable All Census Tracts
N = 6211		 Coldspot
N = 129 (20.8%)1		 Hotspot
N = 238 (38.3%)1		 Insignficant
N = 254 (40.9%)1		 p-value2
% of Housing Units Built Pre-1960 (Lead) 0.51 (0.26) 0.40 (0.22) 0.68 (0.22) 0.41 (0.23) <0.001
Diseal Particulate Matter ug/m3 0.38 (0.14) 0.30 (0.07) 0.51 (0.11) 0.31 (0.11) <0.001
Traffic Proximity (daily vehicles/meters distance) 524.47 (609.97) 319.37 (328.54) 787.94 (757.52) 381.18 (460.11) <0.001
    (Missing Data) 1 0 0 1
Wastewater Discharge (toxicity-weighted concentration/meters distance) 0.05 (0.25) 0.12 (0.43) 0.07 (0.33) 0.02 (0.07) 0.119
    (Missing Data) 464 101 198 165
RMP Facility Proximity (facilities/km distance) 0.16 (0.20) 0.08 (0.03) 0.25 (0.27) 0.12 (0.12) <0.001
Hazardous Waste Proximity (facilities/km distance) 1.99 (1.63) 1.29 (1.09) 2.51 (1.63) 1.85 (1.69) <0.001
Ozone Levels (ppb) 43.59 (0.62) 43.86 (0.70) 43.70 (0.47) 43.34 (0.60) <0.001
PM2.5 Levels (ug/m3) 7.49 (0.45) 7.35 (0.27) 7.84 (0.30) 7.23 (0.43) <0.001
Underground Storage Tank (facilities/sq km area) 1.31 (2.11) 0.78 (1.20) 1.85 (2.63) 1.07 (1.80) <0.001
Land Type <0.001
    Rural 85 (13.7%) 23 (17.8%) 9 (3.8%) 53 (20.9%)
    Urban 536 (86.3%) 106 (82.2%) 229 (96.2%) 201 (79.1%)
1 Mean (SD); n (%)
2 One-way ANOVA; Pearson's Chi-squared test
Health characteristics, by Hotspot and Coldspot
Variable All Census Tracts
N = 6211		 Coldspot
N = 129 (20.8%)1		 Hotspot
N = 238 (38.3%)1		 Insignficant
N = 254 (40.9%)1		 p-value2
Air Toxics Cancer Risk (lifetime risk per million) 24.86 (5.00) 21.71 (3.78) 28.99 (3.02) 22.60 (4.39) <0.001
Air Toxics Respiratory Hazard Index (0-1) 0.32 (0.07) 0.29 (0.03) 0.37 (0.06) 0.30 (0.06) <0.001
Expected Liver Cancer Incidence 2011-2015 2.77 (1.09) 2.60 (1.07) 2.84 (1.14) 2.79 (1.05) 0.128
Expected Lung Cancer Incidence 2011-2015 18.33 (7.91) 16.93 (7.83) 19.04 (8.34) 18.38 (7.47) 0.050
Expected Breast Cancer Incidence 2011-2015 20.63 (8.00) 19.39 (7.96) 21.27 (8.36) 20.66 (7.63) 0.100
Expected Total Cancer Incidence 2011-2015 146.12 (58.75) 136.24 (57.58) 150.76 (61.59) 146.79 (56.20) 0.075
1 Mean (SD)
2 One-way ANOVA