15.4 Üniversiteye yakınlığın eğitim için bir AD olarak kullanılması

Paketlerin yüklenmesi

library(wooldridge)

Data paketinin kullanılması

data(card)

veri setinde yer alan ilk 10 ve son 10 verinin gösterilmesi

head(card,10)
##    id nearc2 nearc4 educ age fatheduc motheduc weight momdad14 sinmom14 step14
## 1   2      0      0    7  29       NA       NA 158413        1        0      0
## 2   3      0      0   12  27        8        8 380166        1        0      0
## 3   4      0      0   12  34       14       12 367470        1        0      0
## 4   5      1      1   11  27       11       12 380166        1        0      0
## 5   6      1      1   12  34        8        7 367470        1        0      0
## 6   7      1      1   12  26        9       12 380166        1        0      0
## 7   8      1      1   18  33       14       14 367470        1        0      0
## 8   9      1      1   14  29       14       14 496635        1        0      0
## 9  10      1      1   12  28       12       12 367772        1        0      0
## 10 11      1      1   12  29       12       12 480445        1        0      0
##    reg661 reg662 reg663 reg664 reg665 reg666 reg667 reg668 reg669 south66 black
## 1       1      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0       0     1
## 2       1      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0       0     0
## 3       1      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0       0     0
## 4       0      1      0      0      0      0      0      0      0       0     0
## 5       0      1      0      0      0      0      0      0      0       0     0
## 6       0      1      0      0      0      0      0      0      0       0     0
## 7       0      1      0      0      0      0      0      0      0       0     0
## 8       0      1      0      0      0      0      0      0      0       0     0
## 9       0      1      0      0      0      0      0      0      0       0     0
## 10      0      1      0      0      0      0      0      0      0       0     0
##    smsa south smsa66 wage enroll KWW  IQ married libcrd14 exper    lwage
## 1     1     0      1  548      0  15  NA       1        0    16 6.306275
## 2     1     0      1  481      0  35  93       1        1     9 6.175867
## 3     1     0      1  721      0  42 103       1        1    16 6.580639
## 4     1     0      1  250      0  25  88       1        1    10 5.521461
## 5     1     0      1  729      0  34 108       1        0    16 6.591674
## 6     1     0      1  500      0  38  85       1        1     8 6.214608
## 7     1     0      1  565      0  41 119       1        1     9 6.336826
## 8     1     0      1  608      0  46 108       1        1     9 6.410175
## 9     1     0      1  425      0  32  96       4        0    10 6.052089
## 10    1     0      1  515      0  34  97       1        1    11 6.244167
##    expersq
## 1      256
## 2       81
## 3      256
## 4      100
## 5      256
## 6       64
## 7       81
## 8       81
## 9      100
## 10     121
tail(card,10)
##        id nearc2 nearc4 educ age fatheduc motheduc weight momdad14 sinmom14
## 3001 5206      0      1   13  27        6        8  91831        1        0
## 3002 5210      0      1   15  29       16       18 119965        1        0
## 3003 5211      0      1   16  27       16       18  91831        1        0
## 3004 5212      0      1   12  24       NA        7  79093        0        1
## 3005 5213      0      1   13  25       NA       NA  75607        1        0
## 3006 5218      0      1   12  25        8       12  82135        1        0
## 3007 5219      0      1   13  34       NA       NA  88765        1        0
## 3008 5220      0      1   12  24       11       NA  89271        0        0
## 3009 5221      0      1   12  31       NA       NA 110376        1        0
## 3010 5225      0      1   13  26       NA       NA  81081        0        0
##      step14 reg661 reg662 reg663 reg664 reg665 reg666 reg667 reg668 reg669
## 3001      0      0      0      0      0      0      1      0      0      0
## 3002      0      0      0      0      0      0      1      0      0      0
## 3003      0      0      0      0      0      0      1      0      0      0
## 3004      0      0      0      0      0      0      1      0      0      0
## 3005      0      0      0      0      0      0      1      0      0      0
## 3006      0      0      0      0      0      0      1      0      0      0
## 3007      0      0      0      0      0      0      1      0      0      0
## 3008      0      0      0      0      0      0      1      0      0      0
## 3009      0      0      0      0      0      0      1      0      0      0
## 3010      0      0      0      0      0      0      1      0      0      0
##      south66 black smsa south smsa66 wage enroll KWW  IQ married libcrd14 exper
## 3001       1     0    0     1      0  500      0  32 102       1        0     8
## 3002       1     0    1     1      0  712      0  43  NA       1        1     8
## 3003       1     0    1     1      0  472      0  36  NA       1        1     5
## 3004       1     1    0     1      0  470      0  22  77       1        0     6
## 3005       1     1    1     0      0  413      0  28  NA       1        0     6
## 3006       1     0    0     1      0  335      0  15  NA       1        0     7
## 3007       1     0    1     1      0  481      0  43  NA       1        1    15
## 3008       1     0    0     1      0  500      0  25 109       1        0     6
## 3009       1     0    0     1      0  713      0  32 107       1        1    13
## 3010       1     1    0     1      0  525      1  27  NA       1        0     7
##         lwage expersq
## 3001 6.214608      64
## 3002 6.568078      64
## 3003 6.156979      25
## 3004 6.152733      36
## 3005 6.023448      36
## 3006 5.814130      49
## 3007 6.175867     225
## 3008 6.214608      36
## 3009 6.569481     169
## 3010 6.263398      49

veri setini tablo olarak gösterme

library(rmarkdown)
paged_table(card)

gruplama yapma

library(dplyr)
## Warning: package 'dplyr' was built under R version 4.2.2
## 
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
card %>%
   group_by(age) %>%
   summarise("yaslara göre ortalama eğitim(educ)" = mean(educ))
## # A tibble: 11 × 2
##      age `yaslara göre ortalama eğitim(educ)`
##    <int>                                <dbl>
##  1    24                                 13.1
##  2    25                                 13.2
##  3    26                                 13.1
##  4    27                                 13.5
##  5    28                                 13.8
##  6    29                                 13.4
##  7    30                                 13.3
##  8    31                                 13.0
##  9    32                                 13.2
## 10    33                                 13.1
## 11    34                                 13.0
library(plm)
## Warning: package 'plm' was built under R version 4.2.2
## 
## Attaching package: 'plm'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:dplyr':
## 
##     between, lag, lead
kalem <- pdata.frame(card, index = c('id' , 'nearc2'))
summary(kalem)
##        id       nearc2       nearc4            educ            age       
##  2      :   1   0:1683   Min.   :0.0000   Min.   : 1.00   Min.   :24.00  
##  3      :   1   1:1327   1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:12.00   1st Qu.:25.00  
##  4      :   1            Median :1.0000   Median :13.00   Median :28.00  
##  5      :   1            Mean   :0.6821   Mean   :13.26   Mean   :28.12  
##  6      :   1            3rd Qu.:1.0000   3rd Qu.:16.00   3rd Qu.:31.00  
##  7      :   1            Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :18.00   Max.   :34.00  
##  (Other):3004                                                            
##     fatheduc      motheduc         weight           momdad14     
##  Min.   : 0    Min.   : 0.00   Min.   :  75607   Min.   :0.0000  
##  1st Qu.: 8    1st Qu.: 8.00   1st Qu.: 122798   1st Qu.:1.0000  
##  Median :10    Median :12.00   Median : 365200   Median :1.0000  
##  Mean   :10    Mean   :10.35   Mean   : 321185   Mean   :0.7894  
##  3rd Qu.:12    3rd Qu.:12.00   3rd Qu.: 406024   3rd Qu.:1.0000  
##  Max.   :18    Max.   :18.00   Max.   :1752340   Max.   :1.0000  
##  NA's   :690   NA's   :353                                       
##     sinmom14          step14            reg661            reg662      
##  Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :0.00000   Min.   :0.00000   Min.   :0.0000  
##  1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:0.00000   1st Qu.:0.00000   1st Qu.:0.0000  
##  Median :0.0000   Median :0.00000   Median :0.00000   Median :0.0000  
##  Mean   :0.1007   Mean   :0.03887   Mean   :0.04651   Mean   :0.1608  
##  3rd Qu.:0.0000   3rd Qu.:0.00000   3rd Qu.:0.00000   3rd Qu.:0.0000  
##  Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :1.00000   Max.   :1.00000   Max.   :1.0000  
##                                                                       
##      reg663           reg664            reg665           reg666       
##  Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :0.00000   Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :0.00000  
##  1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:0.00000   1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:0.00000  
##  Median :0.0000   Median :0.00000   Median :0.0000   Median :0.00000  
##  Mean   :0.1957   Mean   :0.06412   Mean   :0.2083   Mean   :0.09601  
##  3rd Qu.:0.0000   3rd Qu.:0.00000   3rd Qu.:0.0000   3rd Qu.:0.00000  
##  Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :1.00000   Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :1.00000  
##                                                                       
##      reg667         reg668            reg669           south66      
##  Min.   :0.00   Min.   :0.00000   Min.   :0.00000   Min.   :0.0000  
##  1st Qu.:0.00   1st Qu.:0.00000   1st Qu.:0.00000   1st Qu.:0.0000  
##  Median :0.00   Median :0.00000   Median :0.00000   Median :0.0000  
##  Mean   :0.11   Mean   :0.02824   Mean   :0.09037   Mean   :0.4143  
##  3rd Qu.:0.00   3rd Qu.:0.00000   3rd Qu.:0.00000   3rd Qu.:1.0000  
##  Max.   :1.00   Max.   :1.00000   Max.   :1.00000   Max.   :1.0000  
##                                                                     
##      black             smsa           south            smsa66      
##  Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :0.000   Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :0.0000  
##  1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:0.000   1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:0.0000  
##  Median :0.0000   Median :1.000   Median :0.0000   Median :1.0000  
##  Mean   :0.2336   Mean   :0.713   Mean   :0.4037   Mean   :0.6495  
##  3rd Qu.:0.0000   3rd Qu.:1.000   3rd Qu.:1.0000   3rd Qu.:1.0000  
##  Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :1.000   Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :1.0000  
##                                                                    
##       wage            enroll             KWW              IQ       
##  Min.   : 100.0   Min.   :0.00000   Min.   : 4.00   Min.   : 50.0  
##  1st Qu.: 394.2   1st Qu.:0.00000   1st Qu.:28.00   1st Qu.: 93.0  
##  Median : 537.5   Median :0.00000   Median :34.00   Median :103.0  
##  Mean   : 577.3   Mean   :0.09236   Mean   :33.54   Mean   :102.4  
##  3rd Qu.: 708.8   3rd Qu.:0.00000   3rd Qu.:40.00   3rd Qu.:113.0  
##  Max.   :2404.0   Max.   :1.00000   Max.   :56.00   Max.   :149.0  
##                                     NA's   :47      NA's   :949    
##     married         libcrd14          exper            lwage      
##  Min.   :1.000   Min.   :0.0000   Min.   : 0.000   Min.   :4.605  
##  1st Qu.:1.000   1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.: 6.000   1st Qu.:5.977  
##  Median :1.000   Median :1.0000   Median : 8.000   Median :6.287  
##  Mean   :2.271   Mean   :0.6743   Mean   : 8.856   Mean   :6.262  
##  3rd Qu.:4.000   3rd Qu.:1.0000   3rd Qu.:11.000   3rd Qu.:6.564  
##  Max.   :6.000   Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :23.000   Max.   :7.785  
##  NA's   :7       NA's   :13                                       
##     expersq      
##  Min.   :  0.00  
##  1st Qu.: 36.00  
##  Median : 64.00  
##  Mean   : 95.58  
##  3rd Qu.:121.00  
##  Max.   :529.00  
## 
pdim(kalem)
## Unbalanced Panel: n = 3010, T = 1-1, N = 3010
pvar(kalem)
## no time variation:       id nearc2 nearc4 educ age fatheduc motheduc weight momdad14 sinmom14 step14 reg661 reg662 reg663 reg664 reg665 reg666 reg667 reg668 reg669 south66 black smsa south smsa66 wage enroll KWW IQ married libcrd14 exper lwage expersq 
## no individual variation: nearc2 fatheduc motheduc KWW IQ married libcrd14 
## all NA in ind. dimension for at least one time period: fatheduc motheduc KWW IQ married libcrd14
library(plm)
poolingmodel <- plm(fatheduc ~ black + nearc4 + motheduc + I(smsa^2) + enroll, data = kalem, model = "pooling")
lmmodel <- lm(fatheduc ~ black + nearc4+ motheduc + I(smsa^2) + enroll, data = kalem)
summary(lmmodel)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = fatheduc ~ black + nearc4 + motheduc + I(smsa^2) + 
##     enroll, data = kalem)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -10.3618  -1.6955   0.3247   1.6320  12.7535 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)  2.10213    0.24850   8.459  < 2e-16 ***
## black       -1.51825    0.16912  -8.977  < 2e-16 ***
## nearc4       0.41312    0.13635   3.030  0.00247 ** 
## motheduc     0.69470    0.02041  34.038  < 2e-16 ***
## I(smsa^2)    0.73127    0.14227   5.140 2.99e-07 ***
## enroll       0.31701    0.19892   1.594  0.11115    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 2.785 on 2214 degrees of freedom
##   (790 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.4339, Adjusted R-squared:  0.4326 
## F-statistic: 339.4 on 5 and 2214 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
kesensiz <- lm(fatheduc ~ black + motheduc + I(smsa^2) + enroll -1 , data = kalem)
summary(kesensiz)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = fatheduc ~ black + motheduc + I(smsa^2) + enroll - 
##     1, data = kalem)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -11.0630  -1.6101   0.3899   1.6631  14.7487 
## 
## Coefficients:
##           Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## black     -0.97927    0.16110  -6.079 1.42e-09 ***
## motheduc   0.86323    0.01007  85.764  < 2e-16 ***
## I(smsa^2)  1.25127    0.13047   9.590  < 2e-16 ***
## enroll     0.32065    0.20302   1.579    0.114    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 2.844 on 2216 degrees of freedom
##   (790 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.9299, Adjusted R-squared:  0.9298 
## F-statistic:  7353 on 4 and 2216 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
library(stargazer)
## 
## Please cite as:
##  Hlavac, Marek (2022). stargazer: Well-Formatted Regression and Summary Statistics Tables.
##  R package version 5.2.3. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=stargazer
stargazer(list(poolingmodel , lmmodel , kesensiz) , type = "text")
## 
## ===================================================================================================
##                                                   Dependent variable:                              
##                     -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
##                                                        fatheduc                                    
##                               panel                                    OLS                         
##                              linear                                                                
##                                (1)                       (2)                        (3)            
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## black                       -1.518***                 -1.518***                  -0.979***         
##                              (0.169)                   (0.169)                    (0.161)          
##                                                                                                    
## nearc4                      0.413***                  0.413***                                     
##                              (0.136)                   (0.136)                                     
##                                                                                                    
## motheduc                    0.695***                  0.695***                   0.863***          
##                              (0.020)                   (0.020)                    (0.010)          
##                                                                                                    
## I(smsa2)                    0.731***                  0.731***                   1.251***          
##                              (0.142)                   (0.142)                    (0.130)          
##                                                                                                    
## enroll                        0.317                     0.317                      0.321           
##                              (0.199)                   (0.199)                    (0.203)          
##                                                                                                    
## Constant                    2.102***                  2.102***                                     
##                              (0.249)                   (0.249)                                     
##                                                                                                    
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Observations                  2,220                     2,220                      2,220           
## R2                            0.434                     0.434                      0.930           
## Adjusted R2                   0.433                     0.433                      0.930           
## Residual Std. Error                               2.785 (df = 2214)          2.844 (df = 2216)     
## F Statistic         339.361*** (df = 5; 2214) 339.361*** (df = 5; 2214) 7,352.513*** (df = 4; 2216)
## ===================================================================================================
## Note:                                                                   *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01