Table 1 Baseline characteristics of groups

Characteristic Overall, N = 8371 Cardiac surgery, N = 6061 NOT Cardiac surgery, N = 2311 p-value2
surgery_date 2018-01-29 to 2023-01-14 2018-01-29 to 2023-01-14 2019-03-19 to 2023-01-03 0.3
afib_type 0.044
    Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation 439 (52%) 328 (54%) 111 (48%)
    Unspecified atrial fibrillation 376 (45%) 267 (44%) 109 (47%)
    Other specified cardiac arrhythmias 15 (1.8%) 7 (1.2%) 8 (3.5%)
    Other persistent atrial fibrillation 6 (0.7%) 4 (0.7%) 2 (0.9%)
    Chronic atrial fibrillation, unspecified 1 (0.1%) 0 (0%) 1 (0.4%)
dm 112 (13%) 81 (13%) 31 (13%) >0.9
mi 62 (7.4%) 45 (7.4%) 17 (7.4%) >0.9
cva 45 (5.4%) 30 (5.0%) 15 (6.5%) 0.4
copd 67 (8.0%) 40 (6.6%) 27 (12%) 0.015
pad 229 (27%) 186 (31%) 43 (19%) <0.001
chf 75 (9.0%) 56 (9.2%) 19 (8.2%) 0.6
osa 75 (9.0%) 57 (9.4%) 18 (7.8%) 0.5
hld 345 (41%) 267 (44%) 78 (34%) 0.007
htn 490 (59%) 369 (61%) 121 (52%) 0.025
fup_afib_90days 168 (20%) 105 (17%) 63 (27%) 0.001
ckd 21 (2.5%) 14 (2.3%) 7 (3.0%) 0.6
fup_cva_90days 15 (1.8%) 12 (2.0%) 3 (1.3%) 0.8
sex <0.001
    Male 524 (63%) 401 (66%) 123 (53%)
    Female 313 (37%) 205 (34%) 108 (47%)
age 71 (65, 78) 71 (65, 77) 73 (66, 80) 0.024
race <0.001
    White or Caucasian 761 (91%) 559 (92%) 202 (87%)
    Other 50 (6.0%) 34 (5.6%) 16 (6.9%)
    Black or African American 16 (1.9%) 4 (0.7%) 12 (5.2%)
    Asian 10 (1.2%) 9 (1.5%) 1 (0.4%)
anti_coag_at_disch 518 (62%) 388 (64%) 130 (56%) 0.039
anti_coags_at_re_admit_afib 109 (65%) 69 (66%) 40 (63%) 0.8
readmit_afib_date 2017-08-27 to 2022-10-18 2017-11-25 to 2022-10-18 2017-08-27 to 2022-09-04 0.028
days_between_surg_and_af_readmission -221 (-681, 154) -145 (-619, 179) -306 (-900, 4) 0.028
CHADS_TOTAL
    4 263 (31%) 200 (33%) 63 (27%)
    5 231 (28%) 167 (28%) 64 (28%)
    3 179 (21%) 125 (21%) 54 (23%)
    6 76 (9.1%) 54 (8.9%) 22 (9.5%)
    2 64 (7.6%) 41 (6.8%) 23 (10.0%)
    7 17 (2.0%) 14 (2.3%) 3 (1.3%)
    1 5 (0.6%) 4 (0.7%) 1 (0.4%)
    8 2 (0.2%) 1 (0.2%) 1 (0.4%)
1 Range; n (%); Median (IQR)
2 Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher's exact test; Pearson's Chi-squared test

Table 2 ONLY CARDIAC SURGERY patients: recurrance VS no recurrance

Characteristic Overall, N = 6061 Afib on 90 day follow up, N = 1051 NO Afib on 90 day follow up, N = 5011 p-value2
classification
    CS 606 (100%) 105 (100%) 501 (100%)
surgery_date 2018-01-29 to 2023-01-14 2018-01-29 to 2021-09-08 2019-03-13 to 2023-01-14 <0.001
afib_type >0.9
    Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation 328 (54%) 57 (54%) 271 (54%)
    Unspecified atrial fibrillation 267 (44%) 46 (44%) 221 (44%)
    Other specified cardiac arrhythmias 7 (1.2%) 1 (1.0%) 6 (1.2%)
    Other persistent atrial fibrillation 4 (0.7%) 1 (1.0%) 3 (0.6%)
dm 81 (13%) 22 (21%) 59 (12%) 0.012
mi 45 (7.4%) 12 (11%) 33 (6.6%) 0.085
cva 30 (5.0%) 7 (6.7%) 23 (4.6%) 0.4
copd 40 (6.6%) 21 (20%) 19 (3.8%) <0.001
pad 186 (31%) 37 (35%) 149 (30%) 0.3
chf 56 (9.2%) 22 (21%) 34 (6.8%) <0.001
osa 57 (9.4%) 12 (11%) 45 (9.0%) 0.4
hld 267 (44%) 54 (51%) 213 (43%) 0.094
htn 369 (61%) 75 (71%) 294 (59%) 0.015
ckd 14 (2.3%) 5 (4.8%) 9 (1.8%) 0.077
fup_cva_90days 12 (2.0%) 4 (3.8%) 8 (1.6%) 0.14
sex 0.3
    Male 401 (66%) 74 (70%) 327 (65%)
    Female 205 (34%) 31 (30%) 174 (35%)
age 71 (65, 77) 71 (64, 78) 71 (65, 77) 0.6
race 0.9
    White or Caucasian 559 (92%) 98 (93%) 461 (92%)
    Other 34 (5.6%) 5 (4.8%) 29 (5.8%)
    Asian 9 (1.5%) 2 (1.9%) 7 (1.4%)
    Black or African American 4 (0.7%) 0 (0%) 4 (0.8%)
anti_coag_at_disch 388 (64%) 85 (81%) 303 (60%) <0.001
anti_coags_at_re_admit_afib 69 (66%) 69 (66%) 0 (NA%)
readmit_afib_date 2017-11-25 to 2022-10-18 2017-11-25 to 2022-10-18 NA to NA
days_between_surg_and_af_readmission -145 (-619, 179) -145 (-619, 179) NA (NA, NA)
CHADS_TOTAL 0.3
    4 200 (33%) 33 (31%) 167 (33%)
    5 167 (28%) 33 (31%) 134 (27%)
    3 125 (21%) 15 (14%) 110 (22%)
    6 54 (8.9%) 10 (9.5%) 44 (8.8%)
    2 41 (6.8%) 8 (7.6%) 33 (6.6%)
    7 14 (2.3%) 5 (4.8%) 9 (1.8%)
    1 4 (0.7%) 1 (1.0%) 3 (0.6%)
    8 1 (0.2%) 0 (0%) 1 (0.2%)
1 n (%); Range; Median (IQR)
2 Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher's exact test; Pearson's Chi-squared test

Table 3 ONLY NON-CS patients: recurrance VS no recurrance

Characteristic Overall, N = 2311 Afib on 90 day follow up, N = 631 NO Afib on 90 day follow up, N = 1681 p-value2
classification
    NCS 231 (100%) 63 (100%) 168 (100%)
surgery_date 2019-03-19 to 2023-01-03 2019-08-14 to 2021-09-07 2019-03-19 to 2023-01-03 <0.001
afib_type 0.020
    Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation 111 (48%) 40 (63%) 71 (42%)
    Unspecified atrial fibrillation 109 (47%) 23 (37%) 86 (51%)
    Other specified cardiac arrhythmias 8 (3.5%) 0 (0%) 8 (4.8%)
    Other persistent atrial fibrillation 2 (0.9%) 0 (0%) 2 (1.2%)
    Chronic atrial fibrillation, unspecified 1 (0.4%) 0 (0%) 1 (0.6%)
dm 31 (13%) 14 (22%) 17 (10%) 0.016
mi 17 (7.4%) 8 (13%) 9 (5.4%) 0.086
cva 15 (6.5%) 3 (4.8%) 12 (7.1%) 0.8
copd 27 (12%) 11 (17%) 16 (9.5%) 0.095
pad 43 (19%) 12 (19%) 31 (18%) >0.9
chf 19 (8.2%) 9 (14%) 10 (6.0%) 0.040
osa 18 (7.8%) 9 (14%) 9 (5.4%) 0.049
hld 78 (34%) 24 (38%) 54 (32%) 0.4
htn 121 (52%) 42 (67%) 79 (47%) 0.008
ckd 7 (3.0%) 3 (4.8%) 4 (2.4%) 0.4
fup_cva_90days 3 (1.3%) 0 (0%) 3 (1.8%) 0.6
sex 0.9
    Male 123 (53%) 33 (52%) 90 (54%)
    Female 108 (47%) 30 (48%) 78 (46%)
age 73 (66, 80) 74 (67, 81) 73 (65, 80) 0.7
race 0.7
    White or Caucasian 202 (87%) 58 (92%) 144 (86%)
    Other 16 (6.9%) 3 (4.8%) 13 (7.7%)
    Black or African American 12 (5.2%) 2 (3.2%) 10 (6.0%)
    Asian 1 (0.4%) 0 (0%) 1 (0.6%)
anti_coag_at_disch 130 (56%) 45 (71%) 85 (51%) 0.004
anti_coags_at_re_admit_afib 40 (63%) 40 (63%) 0 (NA%)
CHADS_TOTAL 0.013
    5 64 (28%) 25 (40%) 39 (23%)
    4 63 (27%) 9 (14%) 54 (32%)
    3 54 (23%) 15 (24%) 39 (23%)
    2 23 (10.0%) 4 (6.3%) 19 (11%)
    6 22 (9.5%) 10 (16%) 12 (7.1%)
    7 3 (1.3%) 0 (0%) 3 (1.8%)
    1 1 (0.4%) 0 (0%) 1 (0.6%)
    8 1 (0.4%) 0 (0%) 1 (0.6%)
1 n (%); Range; Median (IQR)
2 Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher's exact test; Pearson's Chi-squared test

MODEL 1 LOGISTIC REGRESSION Predictors of Afib recurrance in patients post cardiac surgery

##   fup_afib_90days   n
## 1               0 501
## 2               1 105
Characteristic OR1 95% CI1 p-value
age 0.99 0.97, 1.01 0.3
sex
    Female — —
    Male 1.44 0.88, 2.40 0.2
htn 1.31 0.76, 2.28 0.3
dm 1.70 0.92, 3.06 0.082
cva 0.96 0.34, 2.44 >0.9
chf 2.93 1.55, 5.44 <0.001
mi 1.65 0.75, 3.41 0.2
osa 0.67 0.30, 1.41 0.3
copd 5.96 2.92, 12.3 <0.001
hld 1.23 0.75, 2.02 0.4
ckd 2.08 0.58, 6.59 0.2
1 OR = Odds Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval

MODEL 2 LOGISTIC REGRESSION Predictors of Afib recurrance in patients post NON-cardiac surgery

##   fup_afib_90days   n
## 1               0 168
## 2               1  63
Characteristic OR1 95% CI1 p-value
age 1.01 0.99, 1.04 0.3
sex
    Female — —
    Male 0.99 0.51, 1.90 >0.9
htn 1.85 0.91, 3.78 0.090
dm 1.87 0.77, 4.47 0.2
cva 0.41 0.08, 1.58 0.2
chf 2.49 0.87, 7.10 0.085
mi 2.43 0.81, 7.28 0.11
osa 2.43 0.78, 7.78 0.13
copd 1.60 0.60, 4.15 0.3
hld 0.96 0.47, 1.92 0.9
ckd 1.19 0.19, 6.42 0.8
1 OR = Odds Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval

MODEL 3 LOGISTIC REGRESSION Predictors of Afib recurrance in patients post cardiac surgery TAKING ONLY P<0.1 IN UNIVARIATE

##   fup_afib_90days   n
## 1               0 501
## 2               1 105
Characteristic OR1 95% CI1 p-value
Age 0.99 0.97, 1.01 0.4
Gender
    Female — —
    Male 1.41 0.87, 2.35 0.2
Diabetes mellitus 1.66 0.90, 2.97 0.10
Myocardial infarction 1.64 0.75, 3.36 0.2
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 5.58 2.77, 11.3 <0.001
Heart failure 2.88 1.53, 5.34 <0.001
Hyperlipidemia 1.19 0.73, 1.97 0.5
Hypertension 1.27 0.74, 2.21 0.4
Chronic Kiendy Disease 2.13 0.61, 6.67 0.2
1 OR = Odds Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval

MODEL 4 LOGISTIC REGRESSION Predictors of Afib recurrance in patients post NON-cardiac surgery TAKING ONLY P<0.1 IN UNIVARIATE

##   fup_afib_90days   n
## 1               0 168
## 2               1  63
Characteristic OR1 95% CI1 p-value
age 1.01 0.98, 1.04 0.5
sex
    Female — —
    Male 1.09 0.58, 2.06 0.8
dm 2.05 0.87, 4.79 0.10
mi 2.27 0.76, 6.64 0.13
copd 1.57 0.61, 3.94 0.3
chf 2.26 0.80, 6.30 0.12
htn 1.86 0.93, 3.75 0.079
hld 0.99 0.50, 1.95 >0.9
ckd 1.38 0.24, 7.13 0.7
1 OR = Odds Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval

MODEL 5 LOGISTIC REGRESSION Predictors of Afib recurrance in patients post cardiac surgery

WITH CHADS-VASC SCORE and ther vars without CKD and HLD

##   fup_afib_90days   n
## 1               0 501
## 2               1 105
Characteristic OR1 95% CI1 p-value
CHADS_TOTAL 1.10 0.91, 1.32 0.3
copd 6.17 3.14, 12.3 <0.001
osa 0.96 0.44, 1.92 >0.9
1 OR = Odds Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval

MODEL 6 LOGISTIC REGRESSION Predictors of Afib recurrance in patients post cardiac surgery

WITH CHADS-VASC SCORE and ther vars with CKD and HLD

##   fup_afib_90days   n
## 1               0 501
## 2               1 105
Characteristic OR1 95% CI1 p-value
CHADS_TOTAL 1.05 0.87, 1.28 0.6
copd 6.38 3.22, 12.8 <0.001
osa 0.89 0.41, 1.80 0.8
ckd 2.20 0.62, 6.89 0.2
hld 1.42 0.90, 2.25 0.13
1 OR = Odds Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval

MODEL 7 LOGISTIC REGRESSION Predictors of Afib recurrance in patients post NON-cardiac surgery

WITH CHADS-VASC SCORE and ther vars without CKD and HLD

##   fup_afib_90days   n
## 1               0 168
## 2               1  63
Characteristic OR1 95% CI1 p-value
CHADS_TOTAL 1.25 0.98, 1.61 0.074
copd 1.58 0.65, 3.72 0.3
osa 2.85 1.04, 7.82 0.040
1 OR = Odds Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval

MODEL 8 LOGISTIC REGRESSION Predictors of Afib recurrance in patients post NON-cardiac surgery

WITH CHADS-VASC SCORE and ther vars with CKD and HLD

##   fup_afib_90days   n
## 1               0 168
## 2               1  63
Characteristic OR1 95% CI1 p-value
CHADS_TOTAL 1.26 0.97, 1.63 0.084
copd 1.50 0.59, 3.65 0.4
osa 2.87 1.02, 8.17 0.044
ckd 1.43 0.24, 7.39 0.7
hld 0.97 0.49, 1.87 >0.9
1 OR = Odds Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval

MODEL 9

Characteristic OR1 95% CI1 p-value
Gender
    Female — —
    Male 0.97 0.52, 1.83 >0.9
Age 1.01 0.99, 1.04 0.3
Diabetes mellitus 1.95 0.82, 4.54 0.12
Heart failure 2.39 0.86, 6.51 0.087
Obstructive sleep apnea 2.78 0.92, 8.53 0.068
Hypertension 1.82 0.95, 3.56 0.075
1 OR = Odds Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval 
## 
## Call:  glm(formula = fup_afib_90days ~ Gender + Age + `Diabetes mellitus` + 
##     `Heart failure` + `Obstructive sleep apnea` + Hypertension, 
##     family = "binomial", data = non_cs_data)
## 
## Coefficients:
##               (Intercept)                 GenderMale  
##                  -2.57255                   -0.02770  
##                       Age        `Diabetes mellitus`  
##                   0.01382                    0.66628  
##           `Heart failure`  `Obstructive sleep apnea`  
##                   0.87065                    1.02299  
##              Hypertension  
##                   0.59917  
## 
## Degrees of Freedom: 226 Total (i.e. Null);  220 Residual
##   (4 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Null Deviance:       266.2 
## Residual Deviance: 248.5     AIC: 262.5