查看颜色

有四种方法设置颜色:

  1. 英文字母
  2. 数字
  3. rgb
  4. 十六进制代码

colors()函数查看可选颜色

colors()[1:10] 
##  [1] "white"         "aliceblue"     "antiquewhite"  "antiquewhite1"
##  [5] "antiquewhite2" "antiquewhite3" "antiquewhite4" "aquamarine"   
##  [9] "aquamarine1"   "aquamarine2"

数字1代表的颜色是colors()[1]

rgb函数同样可以创建函数

x <- rgb(red = 0.1,green = 0.2,blue = 0.3)
x
## [1] "#1A334D"
library(plotrix)
color.id(x)
## [1] "darkslategray" "darkslategrey"
rainbow(7) # 彩虹
## [1] "#FF0000" "#FFDB00" "#49FF00" "#00FF92" "#0092FF" "#4900FF" "#FF00DB"

绘图配色

ggplot2 自带

hue

p <- ggplot(iris,
  aes(x=Sepal.Length, y=Sepal.Width, color=Species)) +
  geom_point(size=6)
        
p + scale_color_hue(h = c(180, 300))

manual

p <- ggplot(iris,
  aes(x=Sepal.Length, y=Sepal.Width, color=Species)) +
  geom_point(size=6)
        
p + scale_color_manual(values=c("#69b3a2", "purple", "black"))

scale_color_grey 函数

library(patchwork)
p <- ggplot(iris,
  aes(x=Sepal.Length, y=Sepal.Width, color=Species)) +
  geom_point(size=6)

(p + scale_color_grey())

R Color Brewer

library(RColorBrewer)
par(mar=c(3,4,2,2))
display.brewer.all() # 查看可选配色

p <- ggplot(iris,
  aes(x=Sepal.Length, y=Sepal.Width, color=Species)) +
  geom_point(size=6)
        
p + scale_color_brewer(palette = "BuPu")

Viridis

可选：(A: magma; B: inferno; C: plasma; D: viridis; E: cividis; F: rocket; G: mako; H: turbo).

library(viridis)
## Loading required package: viridisLite
p <- ggplot(iris,
  aes(x=Sepal.Length, y=Sepal.Width, color=Species)) +
  geom_point(size=6)

p + scale_color_viridis(discrete=TRUE, option="magma")

其他配色

https://github.com/EmilHvitfeldt/r-color-palettes

library(paletteer)
library(nord)
# install.packages("cartography")
library(awtools)
library(cartography)
## This project is in maintenance mode. 
## Core functionalities of `cartography` can be found in `mapsf`.
## https://riatelab.github.io/mapsf/
library(dutchmasters)
p <- ggplot(iris,
  aes(x=Sepal.Length, y=Sepal.Width, color=Species)) +
  geom_point(size=6)
        
p1 <- p + scale_colour_paletteer_d("nord::aurora") # names(nord_palettes) 查看可选
# devtools::install_github("awhstin/awtools")
p2 <- p + scale_color_paletteer_d("awtools::bpalette") # bpalette


p3 <- p + scale_color_paletteer_d("dutchmasters::milkmaid") # names(dutchmasters)


p4 <- p + scale_color_paletteer_d("ggsci::nrc_npg")

p1+p2+p3+p4

colourpicker

选择颜色

library(colourpicker)

x <- colourPicker()

坐标轴

  1. theme() 函数修改外观
  2. scale_x_ 和 scale_y_ 修改坐标轴类型
# Load ggplot2
library(ggplot2)

# Very basic chart
basic <- ggplot( mtcars , aes(x=mpg, y=wt)) + 
  geom_point()
basic

p1 <- basic+
    xlab("mpg value") + 
    xlim(0,50) # 修改坐标轴范围

# 修改坐标轴标题
p2 <- # Left -> both axis are modified
basic + theme(axis.title = element_text( angle = 90, color="red", size=15, face=3)) # face = title location

# Right -> only the x axis is modified
p3 <- basic + theme(axis.title.x = element_text( angle = 90, color="red", size=15, face=3))

basic+p1+p2+p3

# 自定义坐标轴标签

p4 <- basic + 
  theme(axis.text = element_text( 
    angle = 90, 
    color="blue", 
    size=15, 
    face=3)
  )

# 自定义刻度和轴线

p5 <- basic + theme(
   axis.ticks = element_line(size = 2, color="red") , 
   axis.ticks.length = unit(.5, "cm")
)
## Warning: The `size` argument of `element_line()` is deprecated as of ggplot2 3.4.0.
## ℹ Please use the `linewidth` argument instead.
# chart 2: axis lines
p6 <- basic + theme(axis.line = element_line(size = 3, colour = "green", linetype=2))
# chart 3: combination

p7 <- ggplot( mtcars , aes(x=mpg, y=wt)) + geom_point() +
    theme(
        axis.title = element_text( color="red", size=15, face=2),
        axis.line = element_line(size = 3, colour = "green", linetype=2),
        axis.text = element_text( angle = 90, color="blue", size=15, face=2)
        )

p4+p5+p6+p7

主题

# library
library(ggplot2)
library(gridExtra)
 
# create data
set.seed(123)
var=rnorm(1000)
 
# Without theme
plot1 <- qplot(var , fill=I(rgb(0.1,0.2,0.4,0.6)) )
## Warning: `qplot()` was deprecated in ggplot2 3.4.0.
# With themes
plot2 = plot1+theme_bw()+annotate("text", x = -1.9, y = 75, label = "bw()" , col="orange" , size=4)
plot3 = plot1+theme_classic()+annotate("text", x = -1.9, y = 75, label = "classic()" , col="orange" , size=4)
plot4 = plot1+theme_gray()+annotate("text", x = -1.9, y = 75, label = "gray()" , col="orange" , size=4)
plot5 = plot1+theme_linedraw()+annotate("text", x = -1.9, y = 75, label = "linedraw()" , col="orange" , size=4)
plot6 = plot1+theme_dark()+annotate("text", x = -1.9, y = 75, label = "dark()" , col="orange" , size=4)
plot7 = plot1+theme_get()+annotate("text", x = -1.9, y = 75, label = "get()" , col="orange" , size=4)
plot8 = plot1+theme_minimal()+annotate("text", x = -1.9, y = 75, label = "minimal()" , col="orange" , size=4)
 
 
# Arrange and display the plots into a 2x1 grid
grid.arrange(plot1,plot2,plot3,plot4, ncol=2)
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

grid.arrange(plot5,plot6,plot7,plot8, ncol=2)
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

ggthemes

library(ggthemes)
 
var=rnorm(1000)

p <- qplot(var , fill=I(rgb(0.1,0.2,0.4,0.6)) )

p1 <- p +ggthemes::theme_base() + ggtitle("theme_base")

p2 <- p +ggthemes::theme_calc()+ ggtitle("theme_calc")

p3 <- p +ggthemes::theme_clean()+ ggtitle("theme_clean")

p4 <- p +ggthemes::theme_economist()+ ggtitle("theme_economist")

p5 <- p +ggthemes::theme_economist_white()+ ggtitle("theme_economist_white")

p6 <- p +ggthemes::theme_excel()+ ggtitle("theme_excel")

p7 <- p +ggthemes::theme_excel_new()+ ggtitle("theme_excel_new")

p8 <- p +ggthemes::theme_few()+ ggtitle("theme_few")

p9 <- p +ggthemes::theme_fivethirtyeight()+ ggtitle("theme_fivethirtyeight")

p10 <- p +ggthemes::theme_foundation()+ ggtitle("theme_foundation")

p11 <- p +ggthemes::theme_gdocs()+ ggtitle("theme_gdocs")

p12 <- p +ggthemes::theme_hc()+ ggtitle("theme_hc")

p13 <- p +ggthemes::theme_igray()+ ggtitle("theme_igray")

p14 <- p +ggthemes::theme_map()+ ggtitle("theme_map")

p15 <- p +ggthemes::theme_pander()+ ggtitle("theme_pander")

p16 <- p +ggthemes::theme_par()+ ggtitle("theme_par")

p17 <- p +ggthemes::theme_solarized()+ ggtitle("theme_solarized")

p18 <- p +ggthemes::theme_solarized_2()+ ggtitle("theme_solarized_2")

p19 <- p +ggthemes::theme_solid()+ ggtitle("theme_solid")

p20 <- p +ggthemes::theme_stata()+ ggtitle("theme_stata")

p21 <- p +ggthemes::theme_tufte()+ ggtitle("theme_tufte")


p22 <- p +ggthemes::theme_wsj()+ ggtitle("theme_wsj")


p1+p2+p3+p4
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

p5+p6+p7+p8
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

p9+p10+p11+p12
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

p13+p14+p15+p16
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

p17+p18+p19+p20
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

p21+p22
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

图例

# Load ggplot2
library(ggplot2)

# Very basic chart
basic <- ggplot(mtcars, aes(wt, mpg, colour = factor(cyl), shape = factor(vs) )) +
       geom_point()
basic

使用labs函数修改图例名称

basic+
  labs(
         colour = "name1",
         shape = "name2"
        )

使用guides() 和 theme()修改图例

# Left -> get rid of one part of the legend
basic + guides(shape=FALSE)
## Warning: The `<scale>` argument of `guides()` cannot be `FALSE`. Use "none" instead as
## of ggplot2 3.3.4.

# Right -> only the x axis is modified
basic + theme(legend.position = "none")

调整位置

legend.position：top, right, bottom, or left

# Left -> legend around the plot
basic + theme(legend.position = "bottom")

# Right -> inside the plot area
basic + theme(
    legend.position = c(.95, .95),
    legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
    legend.box.just = "right",
    legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)
    )

图例外观

legend.box-element_rect()：这是一个框住图例的矩形 legend.key：关键是显示符号的部分 legend.text legend.title

# custom box around legend
basic + theme(
    legend.box.background = element_rect(color="red", size=2),
    legend.box.margin = margin(116, 6, 6, 6)
)
## Warning: The `size` argument of `element_rect()` is deprecated as of ggplot2 3.4.0.
## ℹ Please use the `linewidth` argument instead.

# custom the key
basic + theme(legend.key = element_rect(fill = "white", colour = "black"))

# custom the text
basic + theme(legend.text = element_text(size = 8, colour = "red"))

# custom the title
basic + theme(legend.title = element_text(face = "bold"))

背景

主要通过theme()函数进行修改

# Load ggplot2
library(ggplot2)

# Very basic chart
basic <- ggplot( mtcars , aes(x=mpg, y=wt)) +
  geom_point()
basic

背景颜色

plot.background 控制整个图表的颜色和 panel.background控制轴之间的部分

basic + theme(
    plot.background = element_rect(fill = "green"), 
    panel.background = element_rect(fill = "red", colour="blue")
    )

自定义网格

panel.grid.major 主要和 panel.grid.minor次要

# Modify for both axis
basic + theme(
    panel.grid.major = element_line(colour = "red", linetype = "dotted"),
    panel.grid.minor = element_line(colour = "blue", size = 2)
    )

# Modify y axis only (remove)
basic + theme(
    panel.grid.major.y = element_blank(),
    panel.grid.minor.y = element_blank()
)

解决中文问题

参考资料：https://r-graph-gallery.com/240-custom-layout-background-ggplot2.html

var=rnorm(1000)

 
p1 <- qplot(var , fill=I(rgb(0.1,0.2,0.4,0.6)) ) + ggtitle("中文标题")+ showtext::showtext.auto()
## 'showtext.auto()' is now renamed to 'showtext_auto()'
## The old version still works, but consider using the new function in future code
p1
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.