Assignment 2
Deconstruct, Reconstruct Web Report
Akshay Jaiswal (S3965677)
This is a template file. The example included is not considered a good example to follow for Assignment 2. Remove this warning prior to submitting.
Click the Original, Code and Reconstruction tabs to read about the issues and how they were fixed.
Original
Objective
Climate change and global warming has been a highly debated issue. It has led to many new rules, guideline and regulation that most industries and/businesses have to follow in order to maintain a safe level of emissions and pollutant are released in to the nature. This has also initiated the talks and effect of rising temperature and how people may suffer the rising temperature in the near future. The target audience is the general public. The graph/visualisation chosen shows the rising temperature of only seven months and the idea is to make people believe about the rising temperature. However, there are many issues which are discussed below.
The visualisation chosen had the following three main issues:
- This graph is clearly misleading as it only shows the temperature for seven months. Now considering that the depiction is for the northern hemisphere, any one looking at the graph which going from January (winter) to July (Summer) will see a increase in temperature.
- If we want to study the trend of global warming then we should consider data from at least last 20 to 30 years to get a better and/or accurate results.
- Also the graph is very dull. Introduction of a few colours will make is easier to read and understand. It will also make it more appealing for the target audience.
Reference
Stephanie Glen. “Misleading Graphs: Real Life Examples” [Online] From StatisticsHowTo.com: Elementary Statistics for the rest of us! https://www.statisticshowto.com/probability-and-statistics/descriptive-statistics/misleading-graphs/
Code
The following code was used to fix the issues identified in the original.
library(ggplot2)
library(readr)
library(knitr)library(readr) ### to import the csv data
### Read the csv file
Env_Temp_change <- read.csv("C:/Users/aksha/Downloads/Environment_Temperature_change.csv")
### Create a subset of the data and convert it to a dataframe to allow for simpler visualisation
Env_Temp_change1 <- Env_Temp_change[1:30,]
Env_Temp_change2 <- data.frame(Env_Temp_change1)
### Use ggplot to recreate the visualisation
library(ggplot2)
etc1 <- ggplot(Env_Temp_change2, aes(x=Year, y=Temperature))
etc1 <- etc1 + geom_bar(stat = "identity",fill = "#ff97E8", colour="White") + theme(axis.text.x =element_text(angle=45,hjust = 1)) +
labs(title ="Temperature Change Globally",
x = "Year",
y = "Temperature") +theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.2)) + geom_text(aes(label=round(Temperature,4)), vjust = -.06,size = 2)Data Reference
The data source is www.kaggle.com. The data taken was the closest and original in nature. https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/sevgisarac/temperature-change?resource=download&select=Environment_Temperature_change_E_All_Data_NOFLAG.csv
Reconstruction
The following plot fixes the main issues in the original.
## Area.Code Area Months.Code Months Element.Code
## 1 2 Afghanistan 7001 January 7271
## 2 2 Afghanistan 7001 January 6078
## 3 2 Afghanistan 7002 February 7271
## 4 2 Afghanistan 7002 February 6078
## 5 2 Afghanistan 7003 March 7271
## 6 2 Afghanistan 7003 March 6078
## 7 2 Afghanistan 7004 April 7271
## 8 2 Afghanistan 7004 April 6078
## 9 2 Afghanistan 7005 May 7271
## 10 2 Afghanistan 7005 May 6078
## 11 2 Afghanistan 7006 June 7271
## 12 2 Afghanistan 7006 June 6078
## 13 2 Afghanistan 7007 July 7271
## 14 2 Afghanistan 7007 July 6078
## 15 2 Afghanistan 7008 August 7271
## 16 2 Afghanistan 7008 August 6078
## 17 2 Afghanistan 7009 September 7271
## 18 2 Afghanistan 7009 September 6078
## 19 2 Afghanistan 7010 October 7271
## 20 2 Afghanistan 7010 October 6078
## 21 2 Afghanistan 7011 November 7271
## 22 2 Afghanistan 7011 November 6078
## 23 2 Afghanistan 7012 December 7271
## 24 2 Afghanistan 7012 December 6078
## 25 2 Afghanistan 7016 Dec–Jan–Feb 7271
## 26 2 Afghanistan 7016 Dec–Jan–Feb 6078
## 27 2 Afghanistan 7017 Mar–Apr–May 7271
## 28 2 Afghanistan 7017 Mar–Apr–May 6078
## 29 2 Afghanistan 7018 Jun–Jul–Aug 7271
## 30 2 Afghanistan 7018 Jun–Jul–Aug 6078
## Element Unit Y1961 Y1962 Y1963 Y1964 Y1965 Y1966 Y1967
## 1 Temperature change °C 0.777 0.062 2.744 -5.232 1.868 3.629 -1.432
## 2 Standard Deviation °C 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950
## 3 Temperature change °C -1.743 2.465 3.919 -0.202 -0.096 3.397 0.296
## 4 Standard Deviation °C 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597
## 5 Temperature change °C 0.516 1.336 0.403 1.659 -0.909 -0.069 -0.759
## 6 Standard Deviation °C 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512
## 7 Temperature change °C -1.709 0.117 0.919 -0.533 -1.816 -1.192 -1.496
## 8 Standard Deviation °C 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406
## 9 Temperature change °C 1.412 -0.092 -0.690 -0.160 -0.190 -0.192 -1.307
## 10 Standard Deviation °C 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230
## 11 Temperature change °C -0.058 -1.061 1.164 -0.519 -0.422 1.274 -0.722
## 12 Standard Deviation °C 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930
## 13 Temperature change °C 0.884 0.292 0.348 -0.142 0.116 -0.267 0.332
## 14 Standard Deviation °C 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585
## 15 Temperature change °C 0.391 -0.220 0.094 0.671 -0.686 0.049 0.055
## 16 Standard Deviation °C 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773
## 17 Temperature change °C 1.445 -1.797 0.163 -0.253 -0.661 -0.403 0.583
## 18 Standard Deviation °C 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832
## 19 Temperature change °C -1.102 -0.968 1.654 -2.839 2.211 -0.428 -0.800
## 20 Standard Deviation °C 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310
## 21 Temperature change °C -0.540 -2.171 0.584 -0.574 1.820 -2.574 1.245
## 22 Standard Deviation °C 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391
## 23 Temperature change °C 0.600 -0.721 -0.603 -3.636 -1.115 -0.327 -0.347
## 24 Standard Deviation °C 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516
## 25 Temperature change °C -0.731 1.042 1.981 -2.012 -0.621 1.970 -0.488
## 26 Standard Deviation °C 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335
## 27 Temperature change °C 0.073 0.454 0.211 0.322 -0.972 -0.484 -1.187
## 28 Standard Deviation °C 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932
## 29 Temperature change °C 0.406 -0.330 0.535 0.003 -0.331 0.352 -0.112
## 30 Standard Deviation °C 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562
## Y1968 Y1969 Y1970 Y1971 Y1972 Y1973 Y1974 Y1975 Y1976 Y1977 Y1978
## 1 0.389 -2.298 0.804 -1.487 -1.305 -2.951 -1.184 -0.490 2.409 -3.014 -0.663
## 2 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950
## 3 -2.055 -3.167 1.809 0.816 -7.722 1.838 -3.706 -1.239 -1.620 -0.156 -0.369
## 4 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597
## 5 0.496 2.481 -0.915 1.658 -1.784 -0.473 1.001 -0.585 -2.817 3.377 -1.536
## 6 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512
## 7 -0.590 -0.770 1.439 1.534 -0.602 1.106 1.051 -0.710 -0.690 1.070 1.484
## 8 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406
## 9 -1.841 -0.977 1.864 2.045 -1.051 0.724 0.185 0.470 0.634 0.532 1.085
## 10 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230
## 11 0.292 -0.270 0.544 1.622 -0.419 2.057 -0.340 -0.044 -0.627 1.367 0.774
## 12 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930
## 13 -0.256 -0.024 -0.534 0.074 -1.652 0.442 0.382 -0.038 0.637 0.698 -0.271
## 14 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585
## 15 -0.155 -0.442 1.867 0.238 -2.132 0.741 -0.648 0.358 0.214 0.198 -0.235
## 16 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773
## 17 -0.269 -0.847 0.005 -0.844 -0.691 0.005 -0.244 0.450 0.658 -0.164 0.575
## 18 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832
## 19 -0.611 1.103 0.542 -0.198 -0.256 0.275 -1.939 -0.515 0.551 1.392 0.622
## 20 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310
## 21 0.471 -0.742 0.881 2.129 1.586 0.912 0.313 -1.748 -2.158 2.067 -0.957
## 22 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391
## 23 0.056 1.985 -0.186 2.462 -2.037 -0.723 -1.530 -0.696 -1.016 1.140 2.340
## 24 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516
## 25 -0.671 -1.803 1.533 -0.286 -2.188 -1.050 -1.871 -1.086 0.031 -1.395 0.036
## 26 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335
## 27 -0.645 0.245 0.796 1.746 -1.146 0.452 0.746 -0.275 -0.958 1.660 0.344
## 28 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932
## 29 -0.040 -0.245 0.626 0.645 -1.401 1.080 -0.202 0.092 0.075 0.754 0.089
## 30 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562
## Y1979 Y1980 Y1981 Y1982 Y1983 Y1984 Y1985 Y1986 Y1987 Y1988 Y1989
## 1 1.141 -0.393 1.724 0.678 0.524 -0.058 0.435 0.332 2.655 1.150 -1.108
## 2 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950
## 3 1.072 -1.222 1.088 -2.101 0.460 -4.321 2.467 -0.286 1.409 0.170 -2.890
## 4 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597
## 5 -1.420 -0.628 1.166 -1.781 -2.406 1.761 -0.160 -3.087 1.330 -0.056 0.065
## 6 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512
## 7 1.714 2.750 0.990 0.461 -1.410 0.613 0.810 -0.249 -0.342 1.316 -1.204
## 8 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406
## 9 -2.530 1.842 1.141 0.062 1.078 1.240 0.181 0.819 -0.254 1.569 -1.156
## 10 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230
## 11 0.031 0.584 -0.513 -0.129 0.315 1.077 1.108 0.579 -0.837 0.867 0.116
## 12 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930
## 13 0.538 0.432 0.070 -0.598 0.582 0.516 1.191 -0.211 -0.551 1.005 -0.205
## 14 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585
## 15 -0.776 0.126 -0.269 -0.200 1.396 1.594 -0.241 -0.524 1.256 0.080 -0.280
## 16 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773
## 17 0.174 -0.024 -0.268 -1.281 1.222 -0.947 0.195 0.172 1.035 0.604 0.239
## 18 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832
## 19 2.289 0.731 -1.372 0.371 -0.103 -1.168 -0.469 1.132 -1.622 -0.185 0.991
## 20 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310
## 21 -0.564 1.745 0.669 -1.299 1.799 1.752 0.490 0.329 1.203 2.442 0.976
## 22 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391
## 23 1.053 1.199 1.619 -1.850 -0.588 -3.167 -0.262 -1.094 1.504 2.456 1.918
## 24 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516
## 25 1.518 -0.187 1.337 0.065 -0.289 -1.656 -0.088 -0.072 0.990 0.941 -0.514
## 26 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335
## 27 -0.745 1.321 1.099 -0.419 -0.913 1.205 0.277 -0.839 0.245 0.943 -0.765
## 28 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932
## 29 -0.069 0.381 -0.237 -0.309 0.764 1.062 0.686 -0.052 -0.044 0.651 -0.123
## 30 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562
## Y1990 Y1991 Y1992 Y1993 Y1994 Y1995 Y1996 Y1997 Y1998 Y1999 Y2000
## 1 0.634 0.018 0.582 -0.821 1.087 1.297 -0.718 1.426 0.950 0.859 1.565
## 2 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950
## 3 -0.310 -1.373 -0.120 1.414 -1.412 -0.149 0.870 0.043 -0.540 3.222 -0.901
## 4 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597
## 5 -1.000 -0.901 -2.220 -1.449 1.312 -1.451 -0.336 -0.005 -0.576 -0.217 -0.267
## 6 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512
## 7 -0.292 -0.364 -1.210 0.438 -1.334 -0.578 -0.214 -0.420 1.486 0.215 3.504
## 8 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406
## 9 1.776 -0.819 -2.361 0.609 1.002 0.153 -0.723 -0.835 0.429 0.986 4.050
## 10 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230
## 11 1.210 0.059 0.326 0.282 1.115 0.645 0.338 0.395 -0.430 0.878 0.285
## 12 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930
## 13 0.228 0.323 -0.304 -0.245 0.570 1.093 0.137 1.488 0.881 0.303 -0.062
## 14 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585
## 15 1.281 0.302 -0.756 -0.259 1.698 1.230 -0.011 0.334 1.349 1.179 0.729
## 16 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773
## 17 1.453 0.640 -0.838 1.102 -2.062 0.254 1.605 1.107 1.138 1.358 1.315
## 18 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832
## 19 0.438 -0.173 -0.426 -1.337 -0.600 0.235 -0.074 1.090 1.295 1.550 0.870
## 20 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310
## 21 1.854 0.724 1.783 0.323 3.034 1.614 -1.270 0.192 1.761 0.984 -0.328
## 22 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391
## 23 -0.573 1.704 2.007 0.660 0.014 -0.878 0.940 0.290 2.817 1.199 0.967
## 24 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516
## 25 0.747 -0.643 0.722 0.867 0.112 0.387 -0.242 0.803 0.233 2.299 0.621
## 26 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335
## 27 0.161 -0.695 -1.930 -0.134 0.327 -0.625 -0.424 -0.420 0.446 0.328 2.429
## 28 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932
## 29 0.906 0.228 -0.245 -0.074 1.128 0.989 0.155 0.739 0.600 0.787 0.317
## 30 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562
## Y2001 Y2002 Y2003 Y2004 Y2005 Y2006 Y2007 Y2008 Y2009 Y2010 Y2011
## 1 -0.603 1.606 2.479 2.707 0.109 -1.606 0.431 -5.553 1.518 3.601 1.179
## 2 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950
## 3 0.707 0.985 1.816 2.871 -1.506 4.725 1.645 -2.332 2.494 1.212 0.321
## 4 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597
## 5 1.229 1.949 -0.158 2.753 1.663 1.847 -0.201 4.172 2.362 3.390 0.748
## 6 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512
## 7 2.774 0.958 0.562 1.086 -0.060 1.217 3.027 1.359 -1.459 2.591 1.712
## 8 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406
## 9 4.103 1.300 -0.857 1.585 -0.981 4.064 1.428 3.032 1.623 1.419 3.643
## 10 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230
## 11 1.738 1.149 0.530 0.909 0.762 0.598 1.022 2.773 -1.233 0.594 2.450
## 12 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930
## 13 0.570 -0.026 1.233 0.152 0.758 0.944 0.167 1.037 0.132 0.494 0.532
## 14 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585
## 15 0.800 1.374 0.792 0.608 0.206 1.049 0.393 0.703 1.469 0.587 1.930
## 16 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773
## 17 0.558 0.371 0.748 1.103 1.995 0.397 0.648 1.214 1.273 0.030 1.408
## 18 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832
## 19 0.996 2.421 1.516 -0.786 1.108 3.895 -1.661 1.838 0.138 2.927 1.339
## 20 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310
## 21 1.938 1.582 -0.229 2.894 0.398 1.763 2.478 0.549 0.926 0.975 1.000
## 22 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391
## 23 2.137 -1.256 -0.076 0.187 0.867 -1.976 -0.736 0.842 0.950 -0.154 -1.789
## 24 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516
## 25 0.357 1.576 1.013 1.834 -0.403 1.329 0.033 -2.874 1.618 1.921 0.449
## 26 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335
## 27 2.702 1.402 -0.151 1.808 0.207 2.376 1.418 2.854 0.842 2.467 2.034
## 28 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932
## 29 1.036 0.832 0.852 0.556 0.575 0.864 0.527 1.504 0.123 0.558 1.637
## 30 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562
## Y2012 Y2013 Y2014 Y2015 Y2016 Y2017 Y2018 Y2019
## 1 -0.583 1.233 1.755 1.943 3.416 1.201 1.996 2.951
## 2 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950 1.950
## 3 -3.201 1.494 -3.187 2.699 2.251 -0.323 2.705 0.086
## 4 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597 2.597
## 5 -0.527 2.246 -0.076 -0.497 2.296 0.834 4.418 0.234
## 6 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512 1.512
## 7 1.417 -0.052 0.585 1.589 0.980 1.252 1.442 0.899
## 8 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406 1.406
## 9 0.909 1.201 0.959 1.862 3.246 3.280 0.855 0.647
## 10 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230 1.230
## 11 0.305 1.924 1.492 1.289 1.586 2.002 1.786 -0.289
## 12 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.930
## 13 0.973 1.126 0.671 1.092 1.079 0.901 1.815 1.885
## 14 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585 0.585
## 15 1.356 0.886 0.706 0.589 0.311 0.102 0.982 0.773
## 16 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773 0.773
## 17 0.495 2.586 2.268 0.172 3.016 0.930 1.063 2.004
## 18 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832 0.832
## 19 0.827 1.691 1.134 1.894 0.792 2.092 -0.103 1.264
## 20 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310 1.310
## 21 1.042 0.975 -0.403 0.512 -1.345 2.089 0.882 -1.051
## 22 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391 1.391
## 23 -0.467 -0.216 0.005 0.048 3.429 0.441 1.311 1.426
## 24 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516 1.516
## 25 -1.858 0.753 -0.549 1.549 1.905 1.436 1.714 1.449
## 26 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335 1.335
## 27 0.600 1.132 0.489 0.985 2.174 1.789 2.238 0.593
## 28 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932 0.932
## 29 0.878 1.312 0.956 0.990 0.992 1.002 1.528 0.790
## 30 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562 0.562