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#Analysis involves influence of various continous variables and categorical variables on the current use and dependence of alcohol in different states
# The data sheet contains the following variables
library(readr)
Alcohol_policy <- read_csv("~/Harshitha/Alcohol_policy.csv")## Rows: 31 Columns: 18
## ── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Delimiter: ","
## chr (1): state
## dbl (17): SaleTimings, MinLegalDrinkingAge, PercapitaIncome, HealthIndex, Pe...
##
## ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.attach(Alcohol_policy)
Alcohol_policy$state <- as.factor(Alcohol_policy$state)
Alcohol_policy$SaleTimings <- as.numeric(Alcohol_policy$SaleTimings)
Alcohol_policy$MinLegalDrinkingAge <- as.factor(Alcohol_policy$MinLegalDrinkingAge)
Alcohol_policy$PercapitaIncome <- as.numeric(Alcohol_policy$PercapitaIncome)
Alcohol_policy$HealthIndex <- as.factor(Alcohol_policy$HealthIndex)
Alcohol_policy$PercentageBPL <- as.numeric(Alcohol_policy$PercentageBPL)
Alcohol_policy$DrinkDrive <- as.numeric(Alcohol_policy$DrinkDrive)
Alcohol_policy$SDI2017 <- as.factor(Alcohol_policy$SDI2017)
Alcohol_policy$PercentageIPV <- as.numeric(Alcohol_policy$PercentageIPV)
Alcohol_policy$banofsalepublicplaces <- as.factor(Alcohol_policy$banofsalepublicplaces)
Alcohol_policy$minimumsaleprice <- as.factor(Alcohol_policy$minimumsaleprice)
Alcohol_policy$policycontroldensity <- as.factor(Alcohol_policy$policycontroldensity)
Alcohol_policy$quotaforretailsale <- as.factor(Alcohol_policy$quotaforretailsale)
Alcohol_policy$warninquality <- as.factor(Alcohol_policy$warninquality)
Alcohol_policy$distributionsystem <- as.factor(Alcohol_policy$distributionsystem)
Alcohol_policy$pointofsale <- as.factor(Alcohol_policy$pointofsale)
Alcohol_policy$CurrentAlcoholUse <- as.numeric(Alcohol_policy$CurrentAlcoholUse)
Alcohol_policy$AlcoholDependence <- as.numeric(Alcohol_policy$AlcoholDependence)
str(Alcohol_policy)## spec_tbl_df [31 × 18] (S3: spec_tbl_df/tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
## $ state : Factor w/ 31 levels "Andaman and Nic",..: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
## $ SaleTimings : num [1:31] 12 9 12 11 0 14 9 12 12 12 ...
## $ MinLegalDrinkingAge : Factor w/ 3 levels "1","2","3": 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 3 ...
## $ PercapitaIncome : num [1:31] 218649 168480 169742 86801 46292 ...
## $ HealthIndex : Factor w/ 3 levels "1","2","3": 2 1 3 2 3 1 2 1 2 2 ...
## $ PercentageBPL : num [1:31] 1 12.3 34.7 32 33.7 ...
## $ DrinkDrive : num [1:31] 20 1345 55 377 10 ...
## $ SDI2017 : Factor w/ 3 levels "1","2","3": 3 2 2 1 1 3 1 3 3 3 ...
## $ PercentageIPV : num [1:31] 20 45 35 27 45 23 38 36 29 30 ...
## $ banofsalepublicplaces: Factor w/ 2 levels "1","2": 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 ...
## $ minimumsaleprice : Factor w/ 2 levels "1","2": 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 ...
## $ policycontroldensity : Factor w/ 2 levels "1","2": 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 ...
## $ quotaforretailsale : Factor w/ 2 levels "1","2": 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 ...
## $ warninquality : Factor w/ 2 levels "1","2": 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 ...
## $ distributionsystem : Factor w/ 4 levels "1","2","3","4": 4 1 2 2 1 4 1 4 4 4 ...
## $ pointofsale : Factor w/ 3 levels "1","2","3": 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 ...
## $ CurrentAlcoholUse : num [1:31] 25.4 13.7 28 8.8 0.9 17.5 35.6 11.6 18.3 21.3 ...
## $ AlcoholDependence : num [1:31] 7.1 13.7 10.2 1.3 0.15 1.1 6.2 0.5 3.3 2.4 ...
## - attr(*, "spec")=
## .. cols(
## .. state = col_character(),
## .. SaleTimings = col_double(),
## .. MinLegalDrinkingAge = col_double(),
## .. PercapitaIncome = col_double(),
## .. HealthIndex = col_double(),
## .. PercentageBPL = col_double(),
## .. DrinkDrive = col_double(),
## .. SDI2017 = col_double(),
## .. PercentageIPV = col_double(),
## .. banofsalepublicplaces = col_double(),
## .. minimumsaleprice = col_double(),
## .. policycontroldensity = col_double(),
## .. quotaforretailsale = col_double(),
## .. warninquality = col_double(),
## .. distributionsystem = col_double(),
## .. pointofsale = col_double(),
## .. CurrentAlcoholUse = col_double(),
## .. AlcoholDependence = col_double()
## .. )
## - attr(*, "problems")=<externalptr>summary(Alcohol_policy)## state SaleTimings MinLegalDrinkingAge PercapitaIncome
## Andaman and Nic: 1 Min. : 0.00 1: 6 Min. : 46292
## Andra pradesh : 1 1st Qu.:10.00 2:20 1st Qu.:107360
## Arunachal Prade: 1 Median :12.00 3: 5 Median :190407
## Assam : 1 Mean :11.52 Mean :192662
## Bihar : 1 3rd Qu.:14.00 3rd Qu.:228250
## Chandigarh : 1 Max. :15.00 Max. :435959
## (Other) :25
## HealthIndex PercentageBPL DrinkDrive SDI2017 PercentageIPV
## 1:11 Min. : 0.71 Min. : 1.0 1: 8 Min. : 3.50
## 2:11 1st Qu.: 9.80 1st Qu.: 20.0 2: 9 1st Qu.:22.00
## 3: 9 Median :14.88 Median : 139.0 3:14 Median :30.00
## Mean :18.79 Mean : 378.7 Mean :28.92
## 3rd Qu.:31.80 3rd Qu.: 355.0 3rd Qu.:36.00
## Max. :39.90 Max. :3595.0 Max. :46.00
##
## banofsalepublicplaces minimumsaleprice policycontroldensity quotaforretailsale
## 1:30 1:22 1:21 1:26
## 2: 1 2: 9 2:10 2: 5
##
##
##
##
##
## warninquality distributionsystem pointofsale CurrentAlcoholUse
## 1:22 1:10 1: 5 Min. : 0.90
## 2: 9 2: 4 2:22 1st Qu.: 8.85
## 3: 3 3: 4 Median :16.40
## 4:14 Mean :15.83
## 3rd Qu.:21.45
## Max. :35.60
##
## AlcoholDependence
## Min. : 0.150
## 1st Qu.: 1.000
## Median : 2.400
## Mean : 3.776
## 3rd Qu.: 4.500
## Max. :14.200
## #considering there is only one variable for licensing places of consumption and licensing places of hrs
# we have 4 continuous variables and 10 categorical variables
#The dependent variables are current use, dependence, drink and driveMultiple linear regression is a generalization of simple linear regression, in the sense that this approach makes it possible to relate one variable with several variables through a linear function in its parameters.
Multiple linear regression is used to assess the relationship between two variables while taking into account the effect of other variables. By taking into account the effect of other variables, we cancel out the effect of these other variables in order to isolate and measure the relationship between the two variables of interest. This point is the main difference with simple linear regression
We conduct a multiple linear regression below for the alcohol dependence
Dependence <- lm(Alcohol_policy$AlcoholDependence ~ Alcohol_policy$SaleTimings + Alcohol_policy$MinLegalDrinkingAge + Alcohol_policy$PercapitaIncome + Alcohol_policy$PercapitaIncome + Alcohol_policy$HealthIndex +Alcohol_policy$PercentageBPL + Alcohol_policy$banofsalepublicplaces +Alcohol_policy$SDI2017+ Alcohol_policy$PercentageIPV +Alcohol_policy$minimumsaleprice + Alcohol_policy$policycontroldensity +Alcohol_policy$quotaforretailsale +Alcohol_policy$warninquality +Alcohol_policy$distributionsystem +Alcohol_policy$pointofsale,
data = Alcohol_policy
)
summary(Dependence)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Alcohol_policy$AlcoholDependence ~ Alcohol_policy$SaleTimings +
## Alcohol_policy$MinLegalDrinkingAge + Alcohol_policy$PercapitaIncome +
## Alcohol_policy$PercapitaIncome + Alcohol_policy$HealthIndex +
## Alcohol_policy$PercentageBPL + Alcohol_policy$banofsalepublicplaces +
## Alcohol_policy$SDI2017 + Alcohol_policy$PercentageIPV + Alcohol_policy$minimumsaleprice +
## Alcohol_policy$policycontroldensity + Alcohol_policy$quotaforretailsale +
## Alcohol_policy$warninquality + Alcohol_policy$distributionsystem +
## Alcohol_policy$pointofsale, data = Alcohol_policy)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -5.235 -1.448 0.188 1.342 6.684
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) -5.842e+00 9.080e+00 -0.643 0.534
## Alcohol_policy$SaleTimings 2.073e-01 4.797e-01 0.432 0.675
## Alcohol_policy$MinLegalDrinkingAge2 1.503e-02 3.534e+00 0.004 0.997
## Alcohol_policy$MinLegalDrinkingAge3 -1.026e-01 4.181e+00 -0.025 0.981
## Alcohol_policy$PercapitaIncome -7.765e-06 1.745e-05 -0.445 0.666
## Alcohol_policy$HealthIndex2 -1.101e+00 3.460e+00 -0.318 0.757
## Alcohol_policy$HealthIndex3 3.856e+00 3.812e+00 1.012 0.336
## Alcohol_policy$PercentageBPL -1.927e-01 1.331e-01 -1.448 0.178
## Alcohol_policy$banofsalepublicplaces2 -5.141e-01 6.897e+00 -0.075 0.942
## Alcohol_policy$SDI20172 2.891e+00 4.197e+00 0.689 0.507
## Alcohol_policy$SDI20173 4.344e+00 6.728e+00 0.646 0.533
## Alcohol_policy$PercentageIPV 2.919e-01 1.310e-01 2.229 0.050 *
## Alcohol_policy$minimumsaleprice2 -1.009e-01 2.617e+00 -0.039 0.970
## Alcohol_policy$policycontroldensity2 -1.440e+00 3.429e+00 -0.420 0.683
## Alcohol_policy$quotaforretailsale2 2.736e+00 3.449e+00 0.793 0.446
## Alcohol_policy$warninquality2 2.287e+00 2.488e+00 0.920 0.379
## Alcohol_policy$distributionsystem2 -6.706e-01 4.211e+00 -0.159 0.877
## Alcohol_policy$distributionsystem3 -2.137e+00 5.516e+00 -0.388 0.706
## Alcohol_policy$distributionsystem4 -3.760e+00 3.918e+00 -0.959 0.360
## Alcohol_policy$pointofsale2 2.826e+00 3.160e+00 0.894 0.392
## Alcohol_policy$pointofsale3 -1.762e+00 5.982e+00 -0.295 0.774
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 4.568 on 10 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.5746, Adjusted R-squared: -0.2761
## F-statistic: 0.6755 on 20 and 10 DF, p-value: 0.7819We conduct a multiple linear regression below for the current alcohol use
Use_current <- lm(Alcohol_policy$CurrentAlcoholUse ~ Alcohol_policy$SaleTimings + Alcohol_policy$MinLegalDrinkingAge + Alcohol_policy$PercapitaIncome + Alcohol_policy$PercapitaIncome + Alcohol_policy$HealthIndex +Alcohol_policy$PercentageBPL + Alcohol_policy$banofsalepublicplaces +Alcohol_policy$SDI2017+ Alcohol_policy$PercentageIPV +Alcohol_policy$minimumsaleprice + Alcohol_policy$policycontroldensity +Alcohol_policy$quotaforretailsale +Alcohol_policy$warninquality +Alcohol_policy$distributionsystem +Alcohol_policy$pointofsale,
data = Alcohol_policy
)
summary(Use_current)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Alcohol_policy$CurrentAlcoholUse ~ Alcohol_policy$SaleTimings +
## Alcohol_policy$MinLegalDrinkingAge + Alcohol_policy$PercapitaIncome +
## Alcohol_policy$PercapitaIncome + Alcohol_policy$HealthIndex +
## Alcohol_policy$PercentageBPL + Alcohol_policy$banofsalepublicplaces +
## Alcohol_policy$SDI2017 + Alcohol_policy$PercentageIPV + Alcohol_policy$minimumsaleprice +
## Alcohol_policy$policycontroldensity + Alcohol_policy$quotaforretailsale +
## Alcohol_policy$warninquality + Alcohol_policy$distributionsystem +
## Alcohol_policy$pointofsale, data = Alcohol_policy)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -11.3456 -1.9749 -0.2165 2.7526 11.7556
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) -2.428e+01 1.742e+01 -1.394 0.1935
## Alcohol_policy$SaleTimings 9.771e-01 9.201e-01 1.062 0.3132
## Alcohol_policy$MinLegalDrinkingAge2 1.174e+01 6.778e+00 1.731 0.1140
## Alcohol_policy$MinLegalDrinkingAge3 9.646e+00 8.018e+00 1.203 0.2567
## Alcohol_policy$PercapitaIncome 1.853e-05 3.348e-05 0.553 0.5921
## Alcohol_policy$HealthIndex2 7.249e+00 6.637e+00 1.092 0.3004
## Alcohol_policy$HealthIndex3 1.451e+01 7.311e+00 1.985 0.0752 .
## Alcohol_policy$PercentageBPL -3.663e-01 2.553e-01 -1.435 0.1819
## Alcohol_policy$banofsalepublicplaces2 6.004e+00 1.323e+01 0.454 0.6596
## Alcohol_policy$SDI20172 -5.399e+00 8.049e+00 -0.671 0.5175
## Alcohol_policy$SDI20173 -2.405e+00 1.290e+01 -0.186 0.8559
## Alcohol_policy$PercentageIPV 3.917e-01 2.512e-01 1.559 0.1500
## Alcohol_policy$minimumsaleprice2 -2.557e+00 5.019e+00 -0.509 0.6215
## Alcohol_policy$policycontroldensity2 -7.191e+00 6.577e+00 -1.093 0.2999
## Alcohol_policy$quotaforretailsale2 7.961e+00 6.615e+00 1.204 0.2565
## Alcohol_policy$warninquality2 7.992e+00 4.771e+00 1.675 0.1249
## Alcohol_policy$distributionsystem2 -2.443e+00 8.076e+00 -0.303 0.7684
## Alcohol_policy$distributionsystem3 9.794e+00 1.058e+01 0.926 0.3763
## Alcohol_policy$distributionsystem4 -2.421e+00 7.515e+00 -0.322 0.7540
## Alcohol_policy$pointofsale2 9.365e+00 6.060e+00 1.545 0.1533
## Alcohol_policy$pointofsale3 5.113e+00 1.147e+01 0.446 0.6654
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 8.76 on 10 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.7025, Adjusted R-squared: 0.1076
## F-statistic: 1.181 on 20 and 10 DF, p-value: 0.4075Based on the above analysis, there is a 1. significant positive relationship between Plot the model below - Minimum legal age of drinking and current alcohol use Others to be related 2. Significant negative association between Health index and alcohol use. States with higher health index has lower proportion of alcohol use For one unit increase in health index there is -7.900e-01 (e to be considered while interpretation) units decrease in prevalence of alcohol use.
Drink_drive_outcome <- lm(Alcohol_policy$DrinkDrive ~ Alcohol_policy$SaleTimings + Alcohol_policy$MinLegalDrinkingAge + Alcohol_policy$PercapitaIncome + Alcohol_policy$PercapitaIncome + Alcohol_policy$HealthIndex +Alcohol_policy$PercentageBPL + Alcohol_policy$banofsalepublicplaces +Alcohol_policy$SDI2017+ Alcohol_policy$PercentageIPV +Alcohol_policy$minimumsaleprice + Alcohol_policy$policycontroldensity +Alcohol_policy$quotaforretailsale +Alcohol_policy$warninquality +Alcohol_policy$distributionsystem +Alcohol_policy$pointofsale,
data = Alcohol_policy
)
summary(Drink_drive_outcome)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Alcohol_policy$DrinkDrive ~ Alcohol_policy$SaleTimings +
## Alcohol_policy$MinLegalDrinkingAge + Alcohol_policy$PercapitaIncome +
## Alcohol_policy$PercapitaIncome + Alcohol_policy$HealthIndex +
## Alcohol_policy$PercentageBPL + Alcohol_policy$banofsalepublicplaces +
## Alcohol_policy$SDI2017 + Alcohol_policy$PercentageIPV + Alcohol_policy$minimumsaleprice +
## Alcohol_policy$policycontroldensity + Alcohol_policy$quotaforretailsale +
## Alcohol_policy$warninquality + Alcohol_policy$distributionsystem +
## Alcohol_policy$pointofsale, data = Alcohol_policy)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -801.4 -216.9 0.0 288.4 993.8
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 1.367e+03 1.347e+03 1.015 0.33401
## Alcohol_policy$SaleTimings -5.079e+01 7.117e+01 -0.714 0.49171
## Alcohol_policy$MinLegalDrinkingAge2 4.521e+02 5.243e+02 0.862 0.40872
## Alcohol_policy$MinLegalDrinkingAge3 3.507e+02 6.202e+02 0.565 0.58421
## Alcohol_policy$PercapitaIncome 2.345e-03 2.589e-03 0.906 0.38648
## Alcohol_policy$HealthIndex2 -5.972e+02 5.134e+02 -1.163 0.27169
## Alcohol_policy$HealthIndex3 -6.313e+02 5.655e+02 -1.116 0.29040
## Alcohol_policy$PercentageBPL -2.933e+01 1.974e+01 -1.485 0.16826
## Alcohol_policy$banofsalepublicplaces2 3.453e+01 1.023e+03 0.034 0.97374
## Alcohol_policy$SDI20172 -2.080e+03 6.226e+02 -3.341 0.00748 **
## Alcohol_policy$SDI20173 -2.941e+03 9.981e+02 -2.947 0.01461 *
## Alcohol_policy$PercentageIPV 1.647e+01 1.943e+01 0.848 0.41653
## Alcohol_policy$minimumsaleprice2 2.750e+02 3.883e+02 0.708 0.49498
## Alcohol_policy$policycontroldensity2 -8.689e+02 5.087e+02 -1.708 0.11843
## Alcohol_policy$quotaforretailsale2 2.635e+02 5.116e+02 0.515 0.61770
## Alcohol_policy$warninquality2 -4.944e+01 3.690e+02 -0.134 0.89609
## Alcohol_policy$distributionsystem2 2.539e+02 6.247e+02 0.406 0.69297
## Alcohol_policy$distributionsystem3 1.214e+03 8.182e+02 1.484 0.16874
## Alcohol_policy$distributionsystem4 1.241e+03 5.813e+02 2.135 0.05855 .
## Alcohol_policy$pointofsale2 7.630e+02 4.688e+02 1.628 0.13464
## Alcohol_policy$pointofsale3 9.094e+02 8.875e+02 1.025 0.32968
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 677.6 on 10 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.6921, Adjusted R-squared: 0.07637
## F-statistic: 1.124 on 20 and 10 DF, p-value: 0.4416