This dataset was obtained on Kaggle https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/uciml/pima-indians-diabetes-database. It was obtained from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Data was collected from female patients that are of at least 21 years and of Pima Indian heritage.
2022-11-13
Data Visualization on Pima Indian Diabetes Dataset
Features Used in Visualizations
- Pregnancy: the number of pregnancies a patient had
- Glucose: plasma glucose concentration measured using an oral glucose tolerance test
- Blood Pressure: diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)
- BMI: Body mass index (weight in kg/(height in m)^2)
- Insulin: insulin levels (mu U/ml)
- Age: age of the patient
Summary of the Pima Indian Diabetes Dataset
summary(diabetes)
## Pregnancies Glucose BloodPressure SkinThickness ## Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.0 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 ## 1st Qu.: 1.000 1st Qu.: 99.0 1st Qu.: 62.00 1st Qu.: 0.00 ## Median : 3.000 Median :117.0 Median : 72.00 Median :23.00 ## Mean : 3.845 Mean :120.9 Mean : 69.11 Mean :20.54 ## 3rd Qu.: 6.000 3rd Qu.:140.2 3rd Qu.: 80.00 3rd Qu.:32.00 ## Max. :17.000 Max. :199.0 Max. :122.00 Max. :99.00 ## Insulin BMI DiabetesPedigreeFunction Age ## Min. : 0.0 Min. : 0.00 Min. :0.0780 Min. :21.00 ## 1st Qu.: 0.0 1st Qu.:27.30 1st Qu.:0.2437 1st Qu.:24.00 ## Median : 30.5 Median :32.00 Median :0.3725 Median :29.00 ## Mean : 79.8 Mean :31.99 Mean :0.4719 Mean :33.24 ## 3rd Qu.:127.2 3rd Qu.:36.60 3rd Qu.:0.6262 3rd Qu.:41.00 ## Max. :846.0 Max. :67.10 Max. :2.4200 Max. :81.00 ## Outcome ## Min. :0.000 ## 1st Qu.:0.000 ## Median :0.000 ## Mean :0.349 ## 3rd Qu.:1.000 ## Max. :1.000
How Glucose and Insulin Levels May Cause Diabetes
Patients with glucose levels more than 125 and relatively high insulin levels (still below 200) are more likely to be diabetic.
Histogram Distribution of Age
Data from this dataset seems to have been taken from a skewed age distribution, with more patients in their early 20s than an older age.
Density Plot of Pregnancies and Diabetes
Patients with more than 5 children are more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes.
Diabetics Varying with Age
Patients with diabetes are most likely to be between their early 20s and early 40s.
How Glucose Levels and BMI May Cause Diabetes
More than glucose, BMI seems to be a stronger determining factor of diabetes. Patients with and without diabetes seem to have a BMI between 20 and 40.
Density Plot of Blood Pressure and Diabetes
More patients have a blood pressure between 60-80 (mm Hg).
Find the First and Third Quartile of BMI
The first quartile value of BMI can be found using the following equation: \[(N+1)*\frac{1}{4}\] The third quartile value of BMI can be found using the following equation: \[(N+1)*\frac{3}{4}\] In both equations, N is the number of data points.
bmi_new <- diabetes$BMI bmi_new[diabetes$BMI==0] <- NA summary(bmi_new)
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA's ## 18.20 27.50 32.30 32.46 36.60 67.10 11
Find the Average Statistic for All Parameters
The average of each statistic can be found using this formula: \[\frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=i}^{n} x_{i}\] Here, the average is defined as the summation of n numbers divided by n.
mean(diabetes$BloodPressure)
## [1] 69.10547