DATA607_Assignment10
Gabriel Santos
2022-11-04
Loading Libraries
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## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
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library(janeaustenr)
library(stringr)
library(wordcloud)## Loading required package: RColorBrewerlibrary(reshape2)##
## Attaching package: 'reshape2'
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## smithslibrary(tidyr)
library(dplyr)
library(shiny)Sentiment analysis with tidy data
The following section is code from Chapter 2 of Text Mining with R: A Tidy Approach by Julia Silge and David Robinson1
Dataset
get_sentiments("afinn")## # A tibble: 2,477 × 2
## word value
## <chr> <dbl>
## 1 abandon -2
## 2 abandoned -2
## 3 abandons -2
## 4 abducted -2
## 5 abduction -2
## 6 abductions -2
## 7 abhor -3
## 8 abhorred -3
## 9 abhorrent -3
## 10 abhors -3
## # … with 2,467 more rowsget_sentiments("bing")## # A tibble: 6,786 × 2
## word sentiment
## <chr> <chr>
## 1 2-faces negative
## 2 abnormal negative
## 3 abolish negative
## 4 abominable negative
## 5 abominably negative
## 6 abominate negative
## 7 abomination negative
## 8 abort negative
## 9 aborted negative
## 10 aborts negative
## # … with 6,776 more rowsget_sentiments("nrc")## # A tibble: 13,872 × 2
## word sentiment
## <chr> <chr>
## 1 abacus trust
## 2 abandon fear
## 3 abandon negative
## 4 abandon sadness
## 5 abandoned anger
## 6 abandoned fear
## 7 abandoned negative
## 8 abandoned sadness
## 9 abandonment anger
## 10 abandonment fear
## # … with 13,862 more rowsJoining, by = “word”
library(stringr)
tidy_books <- austen_books() %>%
group_by(book) %>%
mutate(linenumber = row_number(),
chapter = cumsum(str_detect(text, regex("^chapter [\\divxlc]",
ignore_case = TRUE)))) %>%
ungroup() %>%
unnest_tokens(word, text)
nrc_joy <- get_sentiments("nrc") %>%
filter(sentiment == "joy")
tidy_books %>%
filter(book == "Emma") %>%
inner_join(nrc_joy) %>%
count(word, sort = TRUE)## Joining, by = "word"## # A tibble: 301 × 2
## word n
## <chr> <int>
## 1 good 359
## 2 friend 166
## 3 hope 143
## 4 happy 125
## 5 love 117
## 6 deal 92
## 7 found 92
## 8 present 89
## 9 kind 82
## 10 happiness 76
## # … with 291 more rowsjane_austen_sentiment <- tidy_books %>%
inner_join(get_sentiments("bing")) %>%
count(book, index = linenumber %/% 80, sentiment) %>%
spread(sentiment, n, fill = 0) %>%
mutate(sentiment = positive - negative)## Joining, by = "word"library(ggplot2)
ggplot(jane_austen_sentiment, aes(index, sentiment, fill = book)) +
geom_col(show.legend = FALSE) +
facet_wrap(~book, ncol = 2, scales = "free_x")
pride_prejudice <- tidy_books %>%
filter(book == "Pride & Prejudice")
pride_prejudice## # A tibble: 122,204 × 4
## book linenumber chapter word
## <fct> <int> <int> <chr>
## 1 Pride & Prejudice 1 0 pride
## 2 Pride & Prejudice 1 0 and
## 3 Pride & Prejudice 1 0 prejudice
## 4 Pride & Prejudice 3 0 by
## 5 Pride & Prejudice 3 0 jane
## 6 Pride & Prejudice 3 0 austen
## 7 Pride & Prejudice 7 1 chapter
## 8 Pride & Prejudice 7 1 1
## 9 Pride & Prejudice 10 1 it
## 10 Pride & Prejudice 10 1 is
## # … with 122,194 more rowsafinn <- pride_prejudice %>%
inner_join(get_sentiments("afinn")) %>%
group_by(index = linenumber %/% 80) %>%
summarise(sentiment = sum(value)) %>%
mutate(method = "AFINN")## Joining, by = "word"bing_and_nrc <- bind_rows(pride_prejudice %>%
inner_join(get_sentiments("bing")) %>%
mutate(method = "Bing et al."),
pride_prejudice %>%
inner_join(get_sentiments("nrc") %>%
filter(sentiment %in% c("positive",
"negative"))) %>%
mutate(method = "NRC")) %>%
count(method, index = linenumber %/% 80, sentiment) %>%
spread(sentiment, n, fill = 0) %>%
mutate(sentiment = positive - negative)## Joining, by = "word"
## Joining, by = "word"bind_rows(afinn,
bing_and_nrc) %>%
ggplot(aes(index, sentiment, fill = method)) +
geom_col(show.legend = FALSE) +
facet_wrap(~method, ncol = 1, scales = "free_y")
get_sentiments("nrc") %>%
filter(sentiment %in% c("positive",
"negative")) %>%
count(sentiment)## # A tibble: 2 × 2
## sentiment n
## <chr> <int>
## 1 negative 3316
## 2 positive 2308get_sentiments("bing") %>%
count(sentiment)## # A tibble: 2 × 2
## sentiment n
## <chr> <int>
## 1 negative 4781
## 2 positive 2005bing_word_counts <- tidy_books %>%
inner_join(get_sentiments("bing")) %>%
count(word, sentiment, sort = TRUE) %>%
ungroup()## Joining, by = "word"bing_word_counts## # A tibble: 2,585 × 3
## word sentiment n
## <chr> <chr> <int>
## 1 miss negative 1855
## 2 well positive 1523
## 3 good positive 1380
## 4 great positive 981
## 5 like positive 725
## 6 better positive 639
## 7 enough positive 613
## 8 happy positive 534
## 9 love positive 495
## 10 pleasure positive 462
## # … with 2,575 more rowsbing_word_counts %>%
group_by(sentiment) %>%
top_n(10) %>%
ungroup() %>%
mutate(word = reorder(word, n)) %>%
ggplot(aes(word, n, fill = sentiment)) +
geom_col(show.legend = FALSE) +
facet_wrap(~sentiment, scales = "free_y") +
labs(y = "Contribution to sentiment",
x = NULL) +
coord_flip()## Selecting by n
custom_stop_words <- bind_rows(tibble(word = c("miss"),
lexicon = c("custom")),
stop_words)
custom_stop_words## # A tibble: 1,150 × 2
## word lexicon
## <chr> <chr>
## 1 miss custom
## 2 a SMART
## 3 a's SMART
## 4 able SMART
## 5 about SMART
## 6 above SMART
## 7 according SMART
## 8 accordingly SMART
## 9 across SMART
## 10 actually SMART
## # … with 1,140 more rowstidy_books %>%
anti_join(stop_words) %>%
count(word) %>%
with(wordcloud(word, n, max.words = 100))## Joining, by = "word"
tidy_books %>%
inner_join(get_sentiments("bing")) %>%
count(word, sentiment, sort = TRUE) %>%
acast(word ~ sentiment, value.var = "n", fill = 0) %>%
comparison.cloud(colors = c("gray20", "gray80"),
max.words = 100)## Joining, by = "word"
PandP_sentences <- tibble(text = prideprejudice) %>%
unnest_tokens(sentence, text, token = "sentences")
PandP_sentences$sentence[2]## [1] "by jane austen"austen_chapters <- austen_books() %>%
group_by(book) %>%
unnest_tokens(chapter, text, token = "regex",
pattern = "Chapter|CHAPTER [\\dIVXLC]") %>%
ungroup()
austen_chapters %>%
group_by(book) %>%
summarise(chapters = n())## # A tibble: 6 × 2
## book chapters
## <fct> <int>
## 1 Sense & Sensibility 51
## 2 Pride & Prejudice 62
## 3 Mansfield Park 49
## 4 Emma 56
## 5 Northanger Abbey 32
## 6 Persuasion 25bingnegative <- get_sentiments("bing") %>%
filter(sentiment == "negative")
wordcounts <- tidy_books %>%
group_by(book, chapter) %>%
summarize(words = n())## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'book'. You can override using the
## `.groups` argument.tidy_books %>%
semi_join(bingnegative) %>%
group_by(book, chapter) %>%
summarize(negativewords = n()) %>%
left_join(wordcounts, by = c("book", "chapter")) %>%
mutate(ratio = negativewords/words) %>%
filter(chapter != 0) %>%
top_n(1) %>%
ungroup()## Joining, by = "word"
## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'book'. You can override using the
## `.groups` argument.
## Selecting by ratio## # A tibble: 6 × 5
## book chapter negativewords words ratio
## <fct> <int> <int> <int> <dbl>
## 1 Sense & Sensibility 43 161 3405 0.0473
## 2 Pride & Prejudice 34 111 2104 0.0528
## 3 Mansfield Park 46 173 3685 0.0469
## 4 Emma 15 151 3340 0.0452
## 5 Northanger Abbey 21 149 2982 0.0500
## 6 Persuasion 4 62 1807 0.0343Conclusion
Sentiment analysis allows us to understand the emotional content of a text.Perform a sentiment analysis on the text.Determine the use of positive and negative words by performing a sentiment analysis. The text has more negative than positive sentiments.
Silge, Julia, and David Robinson. Text Mining with R: A Tidy Approach. , 2017. Internet resource.↩︎