Climatología Temperatura Superficial del Mar

Trabajo3 Meteorología Tropical

Est. Victor Eduardo Diaz Romero

Se generó la climatología 1991-2020 a partir de datos mensuales de temperatura superficial del mar (TSM) del reanálisis ERA 5. Para todo el procesamiento se utilizó el lenguaje de programación R (versión 4.1.0) y las librerías raster, ncdf4, maps y fields.

Fuente de datos Era5: ERA5 mensual-Niveles unicos TSM(1991-2020)

Código disponible en la siguiente cuenta de Github: Viedro Github

Datos también disponibles en el siguiente Drive: Datos

#Estableciendo directorio de trabajo
setwd("C:/Users/USUARIO/Downloads")
#Librerías a usar
library(raster)  #Manejo de data raster 
library(fields)  #Mapeo simple de matrices
library(ncdf4)   #Manejo de data grillada
library(maps)    #Mapa continental

Promedios mensuales climatologicos

Importación de data TSM mensual de 1991 a 2020

nc <- brick('sst(91-20).nc')
nc#Separación de capas por fechas

## class      : RasterBrick 
## dimensions : 721, 1440, 1038240, 360  (nrow, ncol, ncell, nlayers)
## resolution : 0.25, 0.25  (x, y)
## extent     : -0.125, 359.875, -90.125, 90.125  (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
## crs        : +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs 
## source     : sst(91-20).nc 
## names      : X1991.01.01, X1991.02.01, X1991.03.01, X1991.04.01, X1991.05.01, X1991.06.01, X1991.07.01, X1991.08.01, X1991.09.01, X1991.10.01, X1991.11.01, X1991.12.01, X1992.01.01, X1992.02.01, X1992.03.01, ... 
## Date/time  : 1991-01-01, 2020-12-01 (min, max)
## varname    : sst

Obtención de fechas

dates <- getZ(nc) 
dates

##   [1] "1991-01-01" "1991-02-01" "1991-03-01" "1991-04-01" "1991-05-01"
##   [6] "1991-06-01" "1991-07-01" "1991-08-01" "1991-09-01" "1991-10-01"
##  [11] "1991-11-01" "1991-12-01" "1992-01-01" "1992-02-01" "1992-03-01"
##  [16] "1992-04-01" "1992-05-01" "1992-06-01" "1992-07-01" "1992-08-01"
##  [21] "1992-09-01" "1992-10-01" "1992-11-01" "1992-12-01" "1993-01-01"
##  [26] "1993-02-01" "1993-03-01" "1993-04-01" "1993-05-01" "1993-06-01"
##  [31] "1993-07-01" "1993-08-01" "1993-09-01" "1993-10-01" "1993-11-01"
##  [36] "1993-12-01" "1994-01-01" "1994-02-01" "1994-03-01" "1994-04-01"
##  [41] "1994-05-01" "1994-06-01" "1994-07-01" "1994-08-01" "1994-09-01"
##  [46] "1994-10-01" "1994-11-01" "1994-12-01" "1995-01-01" "1995-02-01"
##  [51] "1995-03-01" "1995-04-01" "1995-05-01" "1995-06-01" "1995-07-01"
##  [56] "1995-08-01" "1995-09-01" "1995-10-01" "1995-11-01" "1995-12-01"
##  [61] "1996-01-01" "1996-02-01" "1996-03-01" "1996-04-01" "1996-05-01"
##  [66] "1996-06-01" "1996-07-01" "1996-08-01" "1996-09-01" "1996-10-01"
##  [71] "1996-11-01" "1996-12-01" "1997-01-01" "1997-02-01" "1997-03-01"
##  [76] "1997-04-01" "1997-05-01" "1997-06-01" "1997-07-01" "1997-08-01"
##  [81] "1997-09-01" "1997-10-01" "1997-11-01" "1997-12-01" "1998-01-01"
##  [86] "1998-02-01" "1998-03-01" "1998-04-01" "1998-05-01" "1998-06-01"
##  [91] "1998-07-01" "1998-08-01" "1998-09-01" "1998-10-01" "1998-11-01"
##  [96] "1998-12-01" "1999-01-01" "1999-02-01" "1999-03-01" "1999-04-01"
## [101] "1999-05-01" "1999-06-01" "1999-07-01" "1999-08-01" "1999-09-01"
## [106] "1999-10-01" "1999-11-01" "1999-12-01" "2000-01-01" "2000-02-01"
## [111] "2000-03-01" "2000-04-01" "2000-05-01" "2000-06-01" "2000-07-01"
## [116] "2000-08-01" "2000-09-01" "2000-10-01" "2000-11-01" "2000-12-01"
## [121] "2001-01-01" "2001-02-01" "2001-03-01" "2001-04-01" "2001-05-01"
## [126] "2001-06-01" "2001-07-01" "2001-08-01" "2001-09-01" "2001-10-01"
## [131] "2001-11-01" "2001-12-01" "2002-01-01" "2002-02-01" "2002-03-01"
## [136] "2002-04-01" "2002-05-01" "2002-06-01" "2002-07-01" "2002-08-01"
## [141] "2002-09-01" "2002-10-01" "2002-11-01" "2002-12-01" "2003-01-01"
## [146] "2003-02-01" "2003-03-01" "2003-04-01" "2003-05-01" "2003-06-01"
## [151] "2003-07-01" "2003-08-01" "2003-09-01" "2003-10-01" "2003-11-01"
## [156] "2003-12-01" "2004-01-01" "2004-02-01" "2004-03-01" "2004-04-01"
## [161] "2004-05-01" "2004-06-01" "2004-07-01" "2004-08-01" "2004-09-01"
## [166] "2004-10-01" "2004-11-01" "2004-12-01" "2005-01-01" "2005-02-01"
## [171] "2005-03-01" "2005-04-01" "2005-05-01" "2005-06-01" "2005-07-01"
## [176] "2005-08-01" "2005-09-01" "2005-10-01" "2005-11-01" "2005-12-01"
## [181] "2006-01-01" "2006-02-01" "2006-03-01" "2006-04-01" "2006-05-01"
## [186] "2006-06-01" "2006-07-01" "2006-08-01" "2006-09-01" "2006-10-01"
## [191] "2006-11-01" "2006-12-01" "2007-01-01" "2007-02-01" "2007-03-01"
## [196] "2007-04-01" "2007-05-01" "2007-06-01" "2007-07-01" "2007-08-01"
## [201] "2007-09-01" "2007-10-01" "2007-11-01" "2007-12-01" "2008-01-01"
## [206] "2008-02-01" "2008-03-01" "2008-04-01" "2008-05-01" "2008-06-01"
## [211] "2008-07-01" "2008-08-01" "2008-09-01" "2008-10-01" "2008-11-01"
## [216] "2008-12-01" "2009-01-01" "2009-02-01" "2009-03-01" "2009-04-01"
## [221] "2009-05-01" "2009-06-01" "2009-07-01" "2009-08-01" "2009-09-01"
## [226] "2009-10-01" "2009-11-01" "2009-12-01" "2010-01-01" "2010-02-01"
## [231] "2010-03-01" "2010-04-01" "2010-05-01" "2010-06-01" "2010-07-01"
## [236] "2010-08-01" "2010-09-01" "2010-10-01" "2010-11-01" "2010-12-01"
## [241] "2011-01-01" "2011-02-01" "2011-03-01" "2011-04-01" "2011-05-01"
## [246] "2011-06-01" "2011-07-01" "2011-08-01" "2011-09-01" "2011-10-01"
## [251] "2011-11-01" "2011-12-01" "2012-01-01" "2012-02-01" "2012-03-01"
## [256] "2012-04-01" "2012-05-01" "2012-06-01" "2012-07-01" "2012-08-01"
## [261] "2012-09-01" "2012-10-01" "2012-11-01" "2012-12-01" "2013-01-01"
## [266] "2013-02-01" "2013-03-01" "2013-04-01" "2013-05-01" "2013-06-01"
## [271] "2013-07-01" "2013-08-01" "2013-09-01" "2013-10-01" "2013-11-01"
## [276] "2013-12-01" "2014-01-01" "2014-02-01" "2014-03-01" "2014-04-01"
## [281] "2014-05-01" "2014-06-01" "2014-07-01" "2014-08-01" "2014-09-01"
## [286] "2014-10-01" "2014-11-01" "2014-12-01" "2015-01-01" "2015-02-01"
## [291] "2015-03-01" "2015-04-01" "2015-05-01" "2015-06-01" "2015-07-01"
## [296] "2015-08-01" "2015-09-01" "2015-10-01" "2015-11-01" "2015-12-01"
## [301] "2016-01-01" "2016-02-01" "2016-03-01" "2016-04-01" "2016-05-01"
## [306] "2016-06-01" "2016-07-01" "2016-08-01" "2016-09-01" "2016-10-01"
## [311] "2016-11-01" "2016-12-01" "2017-01-01" "2017-02-01" "2017-03-01"
## [316] "2017-04-01" "2017-05-01" "2017-06-01" "2017-07-01" "2017-08-01"
## [321] "2017-09-01" "2017-10-01" "2017-11-01" "2017-12-01" "2018-01-01"
## [326] "2018-02-01" "2018-03-01" "2018-04-01" "2018-05-01" "2018-06-01"
## [331] "2018-07-01" "2018-08-01" "2018-09-01" "2018-10-01" "2018-11-01"
## [336] "2018-12-01" "2019-01-01" "2019-02-01" "2019-03-01" "2019-04-01"
## [341] "2019-05-01" "2019-06-01" "2019-07-01" "2019-08-01" "2019-09-01"
## [346] "2019-10-01" "2019-11-01" "2019-12-01" "2020-01-01" "2020-02-01"
## [351] "2020-03-01" "2020-04-01" "2020-05-01" "2020-06-01" "2020-07-01"
## [356] "2020-08-01" "2020-09-01" "2020-10-01" "2020-11-01" "2020-12-01"

Obtención de solo meses

months <-  as.integer(format(as.Date(dates), "%m"))
months

##   [1]  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1
##  [26]  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2
##  [51]  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3
##  [76]  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4
## [101]  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5
## [126]  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6
## [151]  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7
## [176]  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8
## [201]  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9
## [226] 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10
## [251] 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11
## [276] 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12
## [301]  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1
## [326]  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2
## [351]  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12

Promedio mensual climatológico

s <- stackApply(nc, months, fun=mean)
#Cambio de nombre de capas a meses
names(s) <- c("Enero","Febrero","Marzo","Abril","Mayo","Junio","Julio","Agosto","Septiembre","Octubre","Noviembre","Diciembre")

Imagen simple del primer mes

image(s[[1]]-273,main="TSM Climatogía Enero (1991-2020)",xlab="Longitud",ylab="Latitud", maxpixels=100000)

Esta es una forma simple de ploteo pero no permite agregar mas funcionalidades, por ello convertiremos el raster a netcdf

Conversión raster a netcdf

writeRaster(s-273, "tsm(91-20)_brick.nc", overwrite=TRUE, format="CDF",     varname="tsm", varunit="degC", 
            longname="Temperature -- raster stack to netCDF", xname="Lon",   yname="Lat", zname="Time (Month)")

Abriendo el archivo netcdf recien creado

temp.nc <- nc_open("tsm(91-20)_brick.nc")
temp.nc

## File tsm(91-20)_brick.nc (NC_FORMAT_CLASSIC):
## 
##      2 variables (excluding dimension variables):
##         int crs[]   
##             proj4: +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs
##         float tsm[Lon,Lat,Time (Month)]   
##             units: degC
##             _FillValue: -3.39999995214436e+38
##             long_name: Temperature -- raster stack to netCDF
##             grid_mapping: crs
##             proj4: +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs
##             min: -2.19052124023438
##              min: -2.75900268554688
##              min: -2.33212280273438
##              min: -2.91500854492188
##              min: -3.29061889648438
##              min: -2.96270751953125
##              min: -2.23785400390625
##              min: -1.762939453125
##              min: -1.72225952148438
##              min: -1.935546875
##              min: -2.56259155273438
##              min: -2.35476684570312
##             max: 31.6116333007812
##              max: 31.2119750976562
##              max: 31.6992797851562
##              max: 32.7909851074219
##              max: 32.8034057617188
##              max: 32.6324157714844
##              max: 33.9354858398438
##              max: 34.5007629394531
##              max: 33.9837036132812
##              max: 32.7064514160156
##              max: 31.680908203125
##              max: 31.9154968261719
## 
##      3 dimensions:
##         Lon  Size:1440
##             units: degrees_east
##             long_name: Lon
##         Lat  Size:721
##             units: degrees_north
##             long_name: Lat
##         Time (Month)  Size:12   *** is unlimited ***
##             units: unknown
##             long_name: Time (Month)
## 
##     3 global attributes:
##         Conventions: CF-1.4
##         created_by: R, packages ncdf4 and raster (version 3.4-13)
##         date: 2022-11-04 08:26:23

Obteniendo las variables del netcdf

temp <- ncvar_get(temp.nc,"tsm")
lat <- ncvar_get(temp.nc, "Lat")
lon <- ncvar_get(temp.nc, "Lon")
time <- ncvar_get(temp.nc, "Time (Month)")

Manejando los datos

#Inversión de latitudes
lat <- rev(lat)  # de 90 -90 a -90 90

#Inversión también de latitudes en el arreglo
temp <- temp[, ncol(temp):1,] 

#Eligiendo la primera fecha - Enero
temp11 <- temp[ , , 1]

Estableciendo escala de colores

col=designer.colors(100, c( "blue","lightblue","white","orange","red") )

Grafica Climatología Enero

image.plot(lon,lat,temp11,xlab="Longitud (°)",ylab="Latitud (°)",nlevel=100,col=col,main= paste0("Climatología TSM (ºC) Enero (1991-2020)" ))
maps::map("world2", add = TRUE)
contour(lon,lat,temp11,add=T,nlevels =20 ,col="gray30",maxpixels=100000)

De esta forma se podría seguir generando las graficas, pero para agilizar el proceso se hara uso de una funcion

Función para la creación de gráficas climatologicas por mes

tsm_gr <- function (i){
  temp11 <- temp[ , , i] 
  mes <- c("Enero","Febrero","Marzo","Abril","Mayo","Junio"  ,"Julio","Agosto","Septiembre","Octubre","Noviembre","Diciembre")
  
  col=designer.colors(100, c( "blue","lightblue","white","orange","red") )
  
  image.plot(lon,lat,temp11,xlab="Longitud (°)",ylab="Latitud (°)",nlevel=100,col=col,main= paste0("Climatología TSM (ºC) ",mes[i], " (1991-2020)" ))
  maps::map("world2", add = TRUE)
  contour(lon,lat,temp11,add=T,nlevels =20 ,col="gray30",maxpixels=100000)
}

Ejemplo de uso Diciembre

tsm_gr(12)

Vector de meses a iterar

mes <- c("Enero","Febrero","Marzo","Abril","Mayo","Junio"  ,"Julio","Agosto","Septiembre","Octubre","Noviembre","Diciembre")

Bucle para el guardado de graficas

for (i in 1:12){
  png(paste("TSM_",mes[i],".png",sep=""), width = 10, height = 6, units = 'in', res = 700)
  tsm_gr(i)
  # Make plot
  dev.off()
}

Promedios estacionales climatologicos

Importación de data TSM mensual de 1991 a 2020

nc <- brick('sst(91-20).nc')
nc#Separación de capas por fechas

## class      : RasterBrick 
## dimensions : 721, 1440, 1038240, 360  (nrow, ncol, ncell, nlayers)
## resolution : 0.25, 0.25  (x, y)
## extent     : -0.125, 359.875, -90.125, 90.125  (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
## crs        : +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs 
## source     : sst(91-20).nc 
## names      : X1991.01.01, X1991.02.01, X1991.03.01, X1991.04.01, X1991.05.01, X1991.06.01, X1991.07.01, X1991.08.01, X1991.09.01, X1991.10.01, X1991.11.01, X1991.12.01, X1992.01.01, X1992.02.01, X1992.03.01, ... 
## Date/time  : 1991-01-01, 2020-12-01 (min, max)
## varname    : sst

Obtención de fechas

dates <- getZ(nc) 
dates

##   [1] "1991-01-01" "1991-02-01" "1991-03-01" "1991-04-01" "1991-05-01"
##   [6] "1991-06-01" "1991-07-01" "1991-08-01" "1991-09-01" "1991-10-01"
##  [11] "1991-11-01" "1991-12-01" "1992-01-01" "1992-02-01" "1992-03-01"
##  [16] "1992-04-01" "1992-05-01" "1992-06-01" "1992-07-01" "1992-08-01"
##  [21] "1992-09-01" "1992-10-01" "1992-11-01" "1992-12-01" "1993-01-01"
##  [26] "1993-02-01" "1993-03-01" "1993-04-01" "1993-05-01" "1993-06-01"
##  [31] "1993-07-01" "1993-08-01" "1993-09-01" "1993-10-01" "1993-11-01"
##  [36] "1993-12-01" "1994-01-01" "1994-02-01" "1994-03-01" "1994-04-01"
##  [41] "1994-05-01" "1994-06-01" "1994-07-01" "1994-08-01" "1994-09-01"
##  [46] "1994-10-01" "1994-11-01" "1994-12-01" "1995-01-01" "1995-02-01"
##  [51] "1995-03-01" "1995-04-01" "1995-05-01" "1995-06-01" "1995-07-01"
##  [56] "1995-08-01" "1995-09-01" "1995-10-01" "1995-11-01" "1995-12-01"
##  [61] "1996-01-01" "1996-02-01" "1996-03-01" "1996-04-01" "1996-05-01"
##  [66] "1996-06-01" "1996-07-01" "1996-08-01" "1996-09-01" "1996-10-01"
##  [71] "1996-11-01" "1996-12-01" "1997-01-01" "1997-02-01" "1997-03-01"
##  [76] "1997-04-01" "1997-05-01" "1997-06-01" "1997-07-01" "1997-08-01"
##  [81] "1997-09-01" "1997-10-01" "1997-11-01" "1997-12-01" "1998-01-01"
##  [86] "1998-02-01" "1998-03-01" "1998-04-01" "1998-05-01" "1998-06-01"
##  [91] "1998-07-01" "1998-08-01" "1998-09-01" "1998-10-01" "1998-11-01"
##  [96] "1998-12-01" "1999-01-01" "1999-02-01" "1999-03-01" "1999-04-01"
## [101] "1999-05-01" "1999-06-01" "1999-07-01" "1999-08-01" "1999-09-01"
## [106] "1999-10-01" "1999-11-01" "1999-12-01" "2000-01-01" "2000-02-01"
## [111] "2000-03-01" "2000-04-01" "2000-05-01" "2000-06-01" "2000-07-01"
## [116] "2000-08-01" "2000-09-01" "2000-10-01" "2000-11-01" "2000-12-01"
## [121] "2001-01-01" "2001-02-01" "2001-03-01" "2001-04-01" "2001-05-01"
## [126] "2001-06-01" "2001-07-01" "2001-08-01" "2001-09-01" "2001-10-01"
## [131] "2001-11-01" "2001-12-01" "2002-01-01" "2002-02-01" "2002-03-01"
## [136] "2002-04-01" "2002-05-01" "2002-06-01" "2002-07-01" "2002-08-01"
## [141] "2002-09-01" "2002-10-01" "2002-11-01" "2002-12-01" "2003-01-01"
## [146] "2003-02-01" "2003-03-01" "2003-04-01" "2003-05-01" "2003-06-01"
## [151] "2003-07-01" "2003-08-01" "2003-09-01" "2003-10-01" "2003-11-01"
## [156] "2003-12-01" "2004-01-01" "2004-02-01" "2004-03-01" "2004-04-01"
## [161] "2004-05-01" "2004-06-01" "2004-07-01" "2004-08-01" "2004-09-01"
## [166] "2004-10-01" "2004-11-01" "2004-12-01" "2005-01-01" "2005-02-01"
## [171] "2005-03-01" "2005-04-01" "2005-05-01" "2005-06-01" "2005-07-01"
## [176] "2005-08-01" "2005-09-01" "2005-10-01" "2005-11-01" "2005-12-01"
## [181] "2006-01-01" "2006-02-01" "2006-03-01" "2006-04-01" "2006-05-01"
## [186] "2006-06-01" "2006-07-01" "2006-08-01" "2006-09-01" "2006-10-01"
## [191] "2006-11-01" "2006-12-01" "2007-01-01" "2007-02-01" "2007-03-01"
## [196] "2007-04-01" "2007-05-01" "2007-06-01" "2007-07-01" "2007-08-01"
## [201] "2007-09-01" "2007-10-01" "2007-11-01" "2007-12-01" "2008-01-01"
## [206] "2008-02-01" "2008-03-01" "2008-04-01" "2008-05-01" "2008-06-01"
## [211] "2008-07-01" "2008-08-01" "2008-09-01" "2008-10-01" "2008-11-01"
## [216] "2008-12-01" "2009-01-01" "2009-02-01" "2009-03-01" "2009-04-01"
## [221] "2009-05-01" "2009-06-01" "2009-07-01" "2009-08-01" "2009-09-01"
## [226] "2009-10-01" "2009-11-01" "2009-12-01" "2010-01-01" "2010-02-01"
## [231] "2010-03-01" "2010-04-01" "2010-05-01" "2010-06-01" "2010-07-01"
## [236] "2010-08-01" "2010-09-01" "2010-10-01" "2010-11-01" "2010-12-01"
## [241] "2011-01-01" "2011-02-01" "2011-03-01" "2011-04-01" "2011-05-01"
## [246] "2011-06-01" "2011-07-01" "2011-08-01" "2011-09-01" "2011-10-01"
## [251] "2011-11-01" "2011-12-01" "2012-01-01" "2012-02-01" "2012-03-01"
## [256] "2012-04-01" "2012-05-01" "2012-06-01" "2012-07-01" "2012-08-01"
## [261] "2012-09-01" "2012-10-01" "2012-11-01" "2012-12-01" "2013-01-01"
## [266] "2013-02-01" "2013-03-01" "2013-04-01" "2013-05-01" "2013-06-01"
## [271] "2013-07-01" "2013-08-01" "2013-09-01" "2013-10-01" "2013-11-01"
## [276] "2013-12-01" "2014-01-01" "2014-02-01" "2014-03-01" "2014-04-01"
## [281] "2014-05-01" "2014-06-01" "2014-07-01" "2014-08-01" "2014-09-01"
## [286] "2014-10-01" "2014-11-01" "2014-12-01" "2015-01-01" "2015-02-01"
## [291] "2015-03-01" "2015-04-01" "2015-05-01" "2015-06-01" "2015-07-01"
## [296] "2015-08-01" "2015-09-01" "2015-10-01" "2015-11-01" "2015-12-01"
## [301] "2016-01-01" "2016-02-01" "2016-03-01" "2016-04-01" "2016-05-01"
## [306] "2016-06-01" "2016-07-01" "2016-08-01" "2016-09-01" "2016-10-01"
## [311] "2016-11-01" "2016-12-01" "2017-01-01" "2017-02-01" "2017-03-01"
## [316] "2017-04-01" "2017-05-01" "2017-06-01" "2017-07-01" "2017-08-01"
## [321] "2017-09-01" "2017-10-01" "2017-11-01" "2017-12-01" "2018-01-01"
## [326] "2018-02-01" "2018-03-01" "2018-04-01" "2018-05-01" "2018-06-01"
## [331] "2018-07-01" "2018-08-01" "2018-09-01" "2018-10-01" "2018-11-01"
## [336] "2018-12-01" "2019-01-01" "2019-02-01" "2019-03-01" "2019-04-01"
## [341] "2019-05-01" "2019-06-01" "2019-07-01" "2019-08-01" "2019-09-01"
## [346] "2019-10-01" "2019-11-01" "2019-12-01" "2020-01-01" "2020-02-01"
## [351] "2020-03-01" "2020-04-01" "2020-05-01" "2020-06-01" "2020-07-01"
## [356] "2020-08-01" "2020-09-01" "2020-10-01" "2020-11-01" "2020-12-01"

Obtención de solo meses

months <-  as.integer(format(as.Date(dates), "%m"))
months

##   [1]  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1
##  [26]  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2
##  [51]  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3
##  [76]  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4
## [101]  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5
## [126]  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6
## [151]  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7
## [176]  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8
## [201]  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9
## [226] 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10
## [251] 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11
## [276] 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12
## [301]  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1
## [326]  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  2
## [351]  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12

Bucle para obtener climatologias estacionales

for (i in 1:length(months)){
  if(months[i] == 12|months[i]== 1 | months[i]==2){
    months[i]= 1
  }
  if(months[i] == 3|months[i]== 4 | months[i]==5){
    months[i]= 2
  }
  if(months[i] == 6|months[i]== 7 | months[i]==8){
    months[i]= 3
  }
  if(months[i] == 9|months[i]== 10 | months[i]==11){
    months[i]= 4
  }
}
months

##   [1] 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 1
##  [38] 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 1
##  [75] 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 1 2
## [112] 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 2
## [149] 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 2 2
## [186] 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3
## [223] 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
## [260] 3 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3
## [297] 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4
## [334] 4 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 1

Promedios estacionales

s <- stackApply(nc, months, fun=mean)
## Cambio de nombre de fechas
names(s) <- c("verano","Otoño","Invierno","Primavera")

Imagen simple de la primea estacion

image(s[[1]]-273,main="TSM Climatogía Verano (1991-2020)",xlab="Longitud",ylab="Latitud", maxpixels=100000)

Conversión raster a netcdf

writeRaster(s-273, "tsm(91-20)_est_brick.nc", overwrite=TRUE, format="CDF",     varname="tsm", varunit="degC", 
            longname="Temperature -- raster stack to netCDF", xname="Lon",   yname="Lat", zname="Time (Month)")

Importación de netcdf estacional recien creado

temp.nc <- nc_open("tsm(91-20)_est_brick.nc")
temp.nc

## File tsm(91-20)_est_brick.nc (NC_FORMAT_CLASSIC):
## 
##      2 variables (excluding dimension variables):
##         int crs[]   
##             proj4: +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs
##         float tsm[Lon,Lat,Time (Month)]   
##             units: degC
##             _FillValue: -3.39999995214436e+38
##             long_name: Temperature -- raster stack to netCDF
##             grid_mapping: crs
##             proj4: +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs
##             min: -2.1788330078125
##              min: -2.84591674804688
##              min: -2.30206298828125
##              min: -1.88693237304688
##             max: 31.5797119140625
##              max: 32.4312133789062
##              max: 33.258056640625
##              max: 32.1280822753906
## 
##      3 dimensions:
##         Lon  Size:1440
##             units: degrees_east
##             long_name: Lon
##         Lat  Size:721
##             units: degrees_north
##             long_name: Lat
##         Time (Month)  Size:4   *** is unlimited ***
##             units: unknown
##             long_name: Time (Month)
## 
##     3 global attributes:
##         Conventions: CF-1.4
##         created_by: R, packages ncdf4 and raster (version 3.4-13)
##         date: 2022-11-04 08:32:43

Obteniendo las variables del netcdf

temp <- ncvar_get(temp.nc,"tsm")
lat <- ncvar_get(temp.nc, "Lat")
lon <- ncvar_get(temp.nc, "Lon")
time <- ncvar_get(temp.nc, "Time (Month)")

Manejo de datos

#Inversión de latitudes
lat <- rev(lat)  # de 90 -90 a -90 90

#Inversión también de latitudes en el arreglo
temp <- temp[, ncol(temp):1,] 

#Eligiendo la primera fecha - Enero
temp11 <- temp[ , , 1]

Estableciendo escala de colores

col=designer.colors(100, c( "blue","lightblue","white","orange","red") )

Grafica Climatología Verano

image.plot(lon,lat,temp11,xlab="Longitud (°)",ylab="Latitud (°)",nlevel=100,col=col,main= paste0("Climatología TSM (ºC) Verano (1991-2020)" ))
maps::map("world2", add = TRUE)
contour(lon,lat,temp11,add=T,nlevels =20 ,col="gray30",maxpixels=100000)

Función para la creación de gráficas climatológicas por estación

tsm_g_est <- function (i){
  temp11 <- temp[ , , i] 
  mes <- c("verano","Otoño","Invierno","Primavera")
  
  col=designer.colors(100, c( "blue","lightblue","white","orange","red") )
  
  image.plot(lon,lat,temp11,xlab="Longitud (°)",ylab="Latitud (°)",nlevel=100,col=col,main= paste0("Climatología TSM (ºC) ",mes[i], " (1991-2020)" ))
  maps::map("world2", add = TRUE)
  contour(lon,lat,temp11,add=T,nlevels =20 ,col="gray30",maxpixels=100000)
}

Probando función Invierno Climatológico

tsm_g_est(3)

Vector de estaciones a iterar

mes <- c("verano","Otoño","Invierno","Primavera")

Bucle para el guardado de graficas

for (i in 1:4){
  png(paste("TSM_",mes[i],".png",sep=""), width = 10, height = 6, units = 'in', res = 700)
  tsm_g_est(i)
  # Make plot
  dev.off()
}