Data
In this data, four factors (Positive affect, Self-regard, Social connectedness, and Meaning in life) were measured with a 6-point Likert scale. A paper survey with 16 questions was distributed with four items under each construct. Table 1 presents the descriptive statistics (number of observations, means, and standard deviations). The covariances between the variables are presented in Table 2.
| n | mean | sd | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject.No | 658 | 329.500000 | 190.092521 |
| PA1 | 657 | 5.168950 | 1.260472 |
| PA2 | 657 | 4.853881 | 1.354741 |
| PA3 | 657 | 4.726027 | 1.384080 |
| PA4 | 657 | 4.581431 | 1.434491 |
| SR1 | 655 | 4.830534 | 1.322696 |
| SR2 | 655 | 4.801527 | 1.314584 |
| SR3 | 655 | 4.833588 | 1.286760 |
| SR4 | 655 | 4.711450 | 1.352574 |
| SC1 | 657 | 4.878234 | 1.358273 |
| SC2 | 657 | 4.818874 | 1.418221 |
| SC3 | 657 | 4.584475 | 1.478279 |
| SC4 | 657 | 4.514460 | 1.475466 |
| ML1 | 654 | 5.055046 | 1.272887 |
| ML2 | 654 | 5.074923 | 1.279673 |
| ML3 | 654 | 5.117737 | 1.288383 |
| ML4 | 654 | 5.166667 | 1.242949 |
| Subject.No | PA1 | PA2 | PA3 | PA4 | SR1 | SR2 | SR3 | SR4 | SC1 | SC2 | SC3 | SC4 | ML1 | ML2 | ML3 | ML4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subject.No | 35936.33 | 19.69 | 9.29 | 20.54 | 3.91 | 17.39 | 8.28 | 8.50 | 3.65 | 9.90 | 11.63 | 7.55 | 4.78 | 15.01 | 5.90 | 8.41 | 6.06 |
| PA1 | 19.69 | 1.60 | 1.40 | 1.32 | 1.25 | 0.96 | 1.05 | 1.02 | 1.02 | 0.97 | 1.05 | 1.04 | 1.02 | 0.98 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.89 |
| PA2 | 9.29 | 1.40 | 1.84 | 1.59 | 1.56 | 1.16 | 1.25 | 1.21 | 1.26 | 1.18 | 1.24 | 1.27 | 1.18 | 1.11 | 1.03 | 1.02 | 0.96 |
| PA3 | 20.54 | 1.32 | 1.59 | 1.92 | 1.54 | 1.25 | 1.32 | 1.27 | 1.30 | 1.08 | 1.14 | 1.23 | 1.15 | 1.11 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 0.98 |
| PA4 | 3.91 | 1.25 | 1.56 | 1.54 | 2.06 | 1.24 | 1.28 | 1.26 | 1.28 | 1.17 | 1.20 | 1.35 | 1.22 | 1.11 | 1.05 | 1.04 | 0.96 |
| SR1 | 17.39 | 0.96 | 1.16 | 1.25 | 1.24 | 1.75 | 1.38 | 1.28 | 1.35 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 1.05 | 0.97 | 1.10 | 1.04 | 1.07 | 1.02 |
| SR2 | 8.28 | 1.05 | 1.25 | 1.32 | 1.28 | 1.38 | 1.73 | 1.35 | 1.43 | 0.97 | 1.01 | 1.13 | 1.07 | 1.09 | 1.06 | 1.08 | 1.02 |
| SR3 | 8.50 | 1.02 | 1.21 | 1.27 | 1.26 | 1.28 | 1.35 | 1.66 | 1.39 | 1.03 | 1.00 | 1.10 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.98 |
| SR4 | 3.65 | 1.02 | 1.26 | 1.30 | 1.28 | 1.35 | 1.43 | 1.39 | 1.83 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.21 | 1.11 | 1.15 | 1.07 | 1.12 | 1.03 |
| SC1 | 9.90 | 0.97 | 1.18 | 1.08 | 1.17 | 0.94 | 0.97 | 1.03 | 1.10 | 1.85 | 1.65 | 1.57 | 1.32 | 1.09 | 1.07 | 1.00 | 0.91 |
| SC2 | 11.63 | 1.05 | 1.24 | 1.14 | 1.20 | 0.98 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.11 | 1.65 | 2.02 | 1.66 | 1.45 | 1.16 | 1.14 | 1.06 | 0.93 |
| SC3 | 7.55 | 1.04 | 1.27 | 1.23 | 1.35 | 1.05 | 1.13 | 1.10 | 1.21 | 1.57 | 1.66 | 2.19 | 1.57 | 1.17 | 1.16 | 1.13 | 1.05 |
| SC4 | 4.78 | 1.02 | 1.18 | 1.15 | 1.22 | 0.97 | 1.07 | 1.05 | 1.11 | 1.32 | 1.45 | 1.57 | 2.18 | 1.10 | 1.05 | 0.95 | 0.88 |
| ML1 | 15.01 | 0.98 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.09 | 1.05 | 1.15 | 1.09 | 1.16 | 1.17 | 1.10 | 1.62 | 1.42 | 1.35 | 1.21 |
| ML2 | 5.90 | 0.91 | 1.03 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.04 | 1.06 | 0.99 | 1.07 | 1.07 | 1.14 | 1.16 | 1.05 | 1.42 | 1.64 | 1.41 | 1.25 |
| ML3 | 8.41 | 0.91 | 1.02 | 1.05 | 1.04 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.00 | 1.12 | 1.00 | 1.06 | 1.13 | 0.95 | 1.35 | 1.41 | 1.66 | 1.43 |
| ML4 | 6.06 | 0.89 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 1.02 | 1.02 | 0.98 | 1.03 | 0.91 | 0.93 | 1.05 | 0.88 | 1.21 | 1.25 | 1.43 | 1.55 |
Data Preparation Process
The survey responses were digitized into an excel file. Upon finishing the responses, the researcher exported the file as a CSV. The CSV was imported into R. However, there were incomplete questions on several of the subjects resulting in NAs in the data. The data was cleaned through R by analyzing the completed objects of the data file (use = “complete.obs”).
Model Visualizing Standard Parameter Estimates
The CFA model test concluded a significant test statistic of 510.188 (df = 98 p < .001) with 38 parameters. The p-value rejects the null hypotheses. Applying Hu and Bentler (1999) cutoffs, the CFI (.96) and TLI (.96) are larger than .95 indicating satisfactory model-data fit, as shown in Table 3.
CFA Estimation Results
Latent Variables:
Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
PositiveAffect =~
PA1 1.000 1.065 0.844
PA2 1.196 0.036 33.319 0.000 1.273 0.939
PA3 1.173 0.038 31.004 0.000 1.249 0.903
PA4 1.152 0.041 28.081 0.000 1.226 0.854
SelfRegard =~
SR1 1.000 1.136 0.859
SR2 1.050 0.032 32.427 0.000 1.193 0.908
SR3 1.002 0.033 30.795 0.000 1.138 0.884
SR4 1.059 0.034 31.170 0.000 1.203 0.890
SocialConnectedness =~
SC1 1.000 1.229 0.904
SC2 1.060 0.029 37.066 0.000 1.303 0.918
SC3 1.054 0.032 33.173 0.000 1.295 0.875
SC4 0.922 0.036 25.523 0.000 1.133 0.768
MeaninginLife =~
ML1 1.000 1.146 0.901
ML2 1.026 0.027 38.253 0.000 1.176 0.920
ML3 1.056 0.026 40.553 0.000 1.210 0.940
ML4 0.968 0.027 35.421 0.000 1.109 0.893
Variances:
Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
.PA1 0.459 0.029 15.751 0.000 0.459 0.288
.PA2 0.217 0.020 10.969 0.000 0.217 0.118
.PA3 0.354 0.026 13.816 0.000 0.354 0.185
.PA4 0.557 0.036 15.524 0.000 0.557 0.270
.SR1 0.457 0.030 15.159 0.000 0.457 0.262
.SR2 0.303 0.023 13.172 0.000 0.303 0.175
.SR3 0.361 0.025 14.347 0.000 0.361 0.218
.SR4 0.381 0.027 14.116 0.000 0.381 0.208
.SC1 0.337 0.026 12.779 0.000 0.337 0.183
.SC2 0.318 0.027 11.780 0.000 0.318 0.158
.SC3 0.515 0.036 14.273 0.000 0.515 0.235
.SC4 0.894 0.054 16.435 0.000 0.894 0.411
.ML1 0.305 0.021 14.560 0.000 0.305 0.189
.ML2 0.252 0.019 13.554 0.000 0.252 0.154
.ML3 0.194 0.016 11.876 0.000 0.194 0.117
.ML4 0.314 0.021 14.878 0.000 0.314 0.203
PositiveAffect 1.134 0.086 13.242 0.000 1.000 1.000
SelfRegard 1.290 0.095 13.611 0.000 1.000 1.000
SocilCnnctdnss 1.510 0.102 14.769 0.000 1.000 1.000
MeaninginLife 1.313 0.089 14.782 0.000 1.000 1.000Marker Method
The
factor loading for the marker method indicates the unit change regarding
the scale of the marker variable. The CFA model estimation results
explain that for one unit increase in Positive Affect, PA1, PA2, PA3,
and PA4 increases by 1.0, 1.20, 1.17, and 1.15 units, respectively. In
addition, one unit Self Regard, SR1, SR2, SR3, SR4 increases by 1.0,
1.05, 1.0, 1.06 units, respectively. With one unit increase in Social
Connectedness, SC1, SC2, SC3, and SC4 increases by 1.0, 1.06, 1.05, and
.92, respectively. Furthermore, with one unit increase in Meaning in
Life, ML1, ML2, ML3, and ML4 increases by 1.0, 1.03, 1.06, and .97
units. All estimated variances and covariances are positive.
Std.All
In accordance with the standardized estimates, the CFA model estimation results explain that for one unit increase in standard deviation of Positive Affect, PA1, PA2, PA3, and PA4 increases by .84, .94, .90, and .85 standard deviation units, respectively. In addition, one unit increase in standard deviation of Self Regard, SR1, SR2, SR3, SR4 increases by .86, .91, .88, and .89 standard deviation units, respectively. As one standard deviation unit increase in Social Connectedness, SC1, SC2, SC3, and SC4 increases by .90, .92, .88, and.77 units, respectively. Furthermore, with one standard deviation unit increase in Meaning in Life, ML1, ML2, ML3, and ML4 increases by .90, .92, .94. and .89 standard deviation units. All estimated variances and covariances are between 0.0 and 1.0.
Sources
Hu, L.-t., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118