Chapter Opening Questions

A business manager, to assess the risk of a regional recession, needs to monitor the national economic cycle, the national cycle of the most important industries in the region, and the internal growth cycle.

Summary

Although a regional economic cycle is not perfectly synchronized with its national counterpart, it tends to move up and down with the national economy. In addition to the broader national economy, two other factors influence a regional economy: the national cycle of its most important industries and its internal growth cycle associated with construction swings.

There are two different perspectives to consider in analyzing a regional economy: when a company sells into a distinct local market and when a company primarily produces in a local market and sells into a national or global market.

Regional production structure

You can tell how similar or different a state is performing compared to the national economy, this is done with similarity indexes.

Internal regional cycles

Differentiation in the population growth rate of a region or state can directly effect its economy and cause it to accelerate or decelerate.

* What drives long-term regional growth?

The quality of life is a major takeaway when it comes to long-term regional growth. People want to live comfortably which drives many people to move to different regions, which grows the economy of that state.

Economic policy

Economic policy is really seen in the long-term. Many changes in the economy are not seen over night.

* Economic Policy for Growth

Production in a regional economy

Producers are directly effected by the regional economy around them. If the regional economy worsens, then the producers will likely benefit, and the opposite still applies for a stronger regional economy.

A regional early warning system

Early warning signs for a regional company could include local employment rates and how well or not well companies are performing that are important to the region.

indicators
national economy
national cycles of the industry national automobile sales for car dealers
local economy
  1. nonfarm payroll employment available for states, metropolitan areas, and counties,
  2. personal income is more appropriate for historical research for its time lag and frequent and radical revisions,
  3. state income tax, especially withholding
population and migration housing permits, drivers licenses
consumer spending state sales tax: drill down to exclude construction materials

Managing in the regional business cycle

Dealing with a regional downturn

the local economy is similar to the national economy the local economy is different from the national economy
a company selling into the local market Follow the pattern described in chapter 7 with no additional local considerations.
  • Sell outside the region
a company only producing in the local market Follow the pattern described in chapter 7 with no additional local considerations.
  • Lock in long-term lease rates

  • Buy the real estate the company has been leasing

  • Enter into long-term contracts with local vendors

Economic terms

Explan each of the following terms in your own words. The author explains the terms in the textbook. If necessary, you may also Google the term on the Web. Good resources include:

Explain the terms in your own words briefly.

Location Quotient (page 205)

Location quotient shows how important an industry or company is to its region and how it compares to the overall economy.

Leakages (page 212)

Work that is done in a region that is contracted by a company that is located outside of that region.

Marginal Cost (page 219)

How much it costs to produce one extra product

Economic events

Describe the characteristics of the following events briefly.

the case of Idaho in 1986 (page 211)

Both population growth and construction activity decreased, resulting in the employment rate to drop by 2%.

the case of Hawaii in the mid-1990s (page 215)

The national economy kept increasing, however employment rates dropped for four consecutive years. Japan had entered a recession decreasing tourist spending in Hawaii.