IIF Data - Exploratory Data Analysis
Gen Shiraishi
2022-10-20
View the Excel sheets in the IIF data
here("01_data_raw", "iif", "Sustainable_debt_monitor.xlsx") %>% excel_sheets()## [1] "Table of contents" "Country coverage"
## [3] "1a_global markets - issuance" "1b_global markets - outstanding"
## [5] "2a_MM by country" "2b_MM by sector"
## [7] "3a_EM&FM by country" "3b_EM&FM by sector"
## [9] "4a_offshore centers by country" "4b_offshore centers by sector"
## [11] "5_supranationals by country" "6_outstanding amt by country "
## [13] "7_Share of ESG debt issuance"Convert the data in sheet 1a (sustainable debt bonds and loans) into a cohesive dataset
here("01_data_raw", "iif", "Sustainable_debt_monitor.xlsx") %>%
#specify the sheet + the range of cells in excel
read_excel(sheet = "1a_global markets - issuance",
range = "B4:G41") %>%
# rename the first column to "date"
rename(date = `$ billion`) %>%
# Tidy the dataset by making the column names into long format
pivot_longer(cols = -date, names_to = "geography", values_to = "issuance_bn_usd") %>%
# coerce the date column into a date object using lubridate::ymd() (year-month_date)
mutate(date = ymd(date)) %>%
# Add a column that includes the name of this specific data
add_column(issuance_type = "Sustainable debt (bonds and loans)")## # A tibble: 185 × 4
## date geography issuance_bn_usd issuance_type
## <date> <chr> <dbl> <chr>
## 1 2013-03-31 Mature markets 6.19 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## 2 2013-03-31 Emerging markets 0.451 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## 3 2013-03-31 Offshore centers 0 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## 4 2013-03-31 Supranationals 1.16 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## 5 2013-03-31 Global 7.80 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## 6 2013-06-30 Mature markets 4.08 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## 7 2013-06-30 Emerging markets 0.595 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## 8 2013-06-30 Offshore centers 0 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## 9 2013-06-30 Supranationals 0.106 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## 10 2013-06-30 Global 4.78 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## # … with 175 more rowsTurn this into a function
process_iif_gb_issuance <- function(range, issuance_type) {
here("01_data_raw", "iif", "Sustainable_debt_monitor.xlsx") %>%
read_excel(sheet = "1a_global markets - issuance", range = range) %>%
rename(date = `$ billion`) %>%
pivot_longer(cols = -date, names_to = "geography", values_to = "issuance_bn_usd") %>%
mutate(date = ymd(date)) %>%
add_column(issuance_type = issuance_type)
}Use the function on the bonds and loans data
bonds_and_loans <- process_iif_gb_issuance(range = "B4:G41",
issuance_type = "Sustainable debt (bonds and loans)")
bonds_and_loans## # A tibble: 185 × 4
## date geography issuance_bn_usd issuance_type
## <date> <chr> <dbl> <chr>
## 1 2013-03-31 Mature markets 6.19 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## 2 2013-03-31 Emerging markets 0.451 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## 3 2013-03-31 Offshore centers 0 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## 4 2013-03-31 Supranationals 1.16 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## 5 2013-03-31 Global 7.80 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## 6 2013-06-30 Mature markets 4.08 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## 7 2013-06-30 Emerging markets 0.595 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## 8 2013-06-30 Offshore centers 0 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## 9 2013-06-30 Supranationals 0.106 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## 10 2013-06-30 Global 4.78 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## # … with 175 more rowsUse the function on the sustainable bonds data
bonds <- process_iif_gb_issuance(range = "I4:N41",
issuance_type = "Sustainable bonds")
bonds## # A tibble: 185 × 4
## date geography issuance_bn_usd issuance_type
## <date> <chr> <dbl> <chr>
## 1 2013-03-31 Mature markets 0.507 Sustainable bonds
## 2 2013-03-31 Emerging markets 0 Sustainable bonds
## 3 2013-03-31 Offshore centers 0 Sustainable bonds
## 4 2013-03-31 Supranationals 1.16 Sustainable bonds
## 5 2013-03-31 Global 1.67 Sustainable bonds
## 6 2013-06-30 Mature markets 1.58 Sustainable bonds
## 7 2013-06-30 Emerging markets 0 Sustainable bonds
## 8 2013-06-30 Offshore centers 0 Sustainable bonds
## 9 2013-06-30 Supranationals 0.106 Sustainable bonds
## 10 2013-06-30 Global 1.69 Sustainable bonds
## # … with 175 more rowsBind the bonds and loans data with the bonds data
iif_issuance_data <- bonds_and_loans %>%
bind_rows(bonds)
iif_issuance_data## # A tibble: 370 × 4
## date geography issuance_bn_usd issuance_type
## <date> <chr> <dbl> <chr>
## 1 2013-03-31 Mature markets 6.19 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## 2 2013-03-31 Emerging markets 0.451 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## 3 2013-03-31 Offshore centers 0 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## 4 2013-03-31 Supranationals 1.16 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## 5 2013-03-31 Global 7.80 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## 6 2013-06-30 Mature markets 4.08 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## 7 2013-06-30 Emerging markets 0.595 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## 8 2013-06-30 Offshore centers 0 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## 9 2013-06-30 Supranationals 0.106 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## 10 2013-06-30 Global 4.78 Sustainable debt (bonds and loan…
## # … with 360 more rowsLoad and bind the rest of the data on the sheet
loans <- process_iif_gb_issuance(range = "P4:U41",
issuance_type = "Sustainable loans")
iif_issuance_data <- iif_issuance_data %>%
bind_rows(loans)
green_bonds <- process_iif_gb_issuance(range = "W4:AB41",
issuance_type = "Green bonds")
iif_issuance_data <- iif_issuance_data %>%
bind_rows(green_bonds)
green_abs <- process_iif_gb_issuance(range = "AD4:AI41",
issuance_type = "Green ABS")
iif_issuance_data <- iif_issuance_data %>%
bind_rows(green_abs)
sustainability_bonds <- process_iif_gb_issuance(range = "AK4:AP41",
issuance_type = "Sustainability bonds")
iif_issuance_data <- iif_issuance_data %>%
bind_rows(sustainability_bonds)
social_bonds <- process_iif_gb_issuance(range = "AR4:AW41",
issuance_type = "Social bonds")
iif_issuance_data <- iif_issuance_data %>%
bind_rows(social_bonds)
green_municipal_bonds <- process_iif_gb_issuance(range = "AY4:BD41",
issuance_type = "Green municipal bonds")
iif_issuance_data <- iif_issuance_data %>%
bind_rows(green_municipal_bonds)
sustainability_linked_bonds <- process_iif_gb_issuance(range = "BF4:BK41",
issuance_type = "Sustainability-linked bonds")
iif_issuance_data <- iif_issuance_data %>%
bind_rows(sustainability_linked_bonds)
green_loans <- process_iif_gb_issuance(range = "BM4:BR41",
issuance_type = "Green loans")
iif_issuance_data <- iif_issuance_data %>%
bind_rows(green_loans)
sustainability_linked_loans <- process_iif_gb_issuance(range = "BT4:BY41",
issuance_type = "Sustainability-linked loans")
iif_issuance_data <- iif_issuance_data %>%
bind_rows(sustainability_linked_loans)View the cleaned and combined data
iif_issuance_data %>% glimpse()## Rows: 2,035
## Columns: 4
## $ date <date> 2013-03-31, 2013-03-31, 2013-03-31, 2013-03-31, 2013-…
## $ geography <chr> "Mature markets", "Emerging markets", "Offshore center…
## $ issuance_bn_usd <dbl> 6.18958089, 0.45115568, 0.00000000, 1.15915118, 7.7998…
## $ issuance_type <chr> "Sustainable debt (bonds and loans)", "Sustainable deb…head(iif_issuance_data)## # A tibble: 6 × 4
## date geography issuance_bn_usd issuance_type
## <date> <chr> <dbl> <chr>
## 1 2013-03-31 Mature markets 6.19 Sustainable debt (bonds and loans)
## 2 2013-03-31 Emerging markets 0.451 Sustainable debt (bonds and loans)
## 3 2013-03-31 Offshore centers 0 Sustainable debt (bonds and loans)
## 4 2013-03-31 Supranationals 1.16 Sustainable debt (bonds and loans)
## 5 2013-03-31 Global 7.80 Sustainable debt (bonds and loans)
## 6 2013-06-30 Mature markets 4.08 Sustainable debt (bonds and loans)Save the cleaned and combied dataset as a .csv file
write_csv(iif_issuance_data, here("02_data_processed", "iif_issuance_data_2022-Oct.csv"))Plot overall sustainable debt (bonds and loans) over time for mature markets (interactive line chart)
library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
library(plotly)##
## Attaching package: 'plotly'## The following object is masked from 'package:ggplot2':
##
## last_plot## The following object is masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter## The following object is masked from 'package:graphics':
##
## layoutiif_issuance_data_overall_debt_mature <- filter(iif_issuance_data, issuance_type == "Sustainable debt (bonds and loans)", geography == "Mature markets")
p <- iif_issuance_data_overall_debt_mature %>%
ggplot( aes(x=date, y=issuance_bn_usd)) +
geom_line(color="#69b3a2") +
ylab("issuance_bn_usd")
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pMost notably, we observe a sharp increase from 2020 to 2021, with a modest decrease recently.
Plot overall sustainable debt (bonds and loans) over time for emerging markets (interactive line chart)
iif_issuance_data_overall_debt_emerging <- filter(iif_issuance_data, issuance_type == "Sustainable debt (bonds and loans)", geography == "Emerging markets")
p <- iif_issuance_data_overall_debt_emerging %>%
ggplot( aes(x=date, y=issuance_bn_usd)) +
geom_line(color="#69b3a2") +
ylab("issuance_bn_usd")
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pTrends for emerging markets are similar, although the total amount of loans and debt issued is much less
Plot overall sustainable debt (bonds and loans) over time for offshore centers (interactive line chart)
iif_issuance_data_overall_debt_offshore <- filter(iif_issuance_data, issuance_type == "Sustainable debt (bonds and loans)", geography == "Offshore centers")
p <- iif_issuance_data_overall_debt_offshore %>%
ggplot( aes(x=date, y=issuance_bn_usd)) +
geom_line(color="#69b3a2") +
ylab("issuance_bn_usd")
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pSustainable bonds and loans issued by offshore centers is are even smaller, and have only started to pick up in the last 4 years
Stacked bar chart by geography and issuance type
ggplot(iif_issuance_data, aes(fill=issuance_type, y=issuance_bn_usd, x=geography)) +
geom_bar(position="stack", stat="identity")
The above chart provides a better comparison of scale across
geographies. Mature markets are much larger than the other
geographies.
100% bar chart by geography and issuance type
ggplot(iif_issuance_data, aes(fill=issuance_type, y=issuance_bn_usd, x=geography)) +
geom_bar(position="fill", stat="identity")
The above chart shows how the breakdown of sustainable loan / debt type
varies by geography. Notably, supranationals do not have any issurances
categorized under sustainable loans, but also has the largest share of
social bonds issued.