Chapter Openning Questions

A manager needs to: Needs to know a series of steps to cut costs, to survive recessions.

Summary

Table of possible options in a contingency plan

Expecting a downturn During moderate downturns During severe recessions
capital spending reevaluate cut entirely or almost entirely not only cut entirely, but consider selling assets
employment slow hiring freeze hiring, layoff generic production workers eliminate future-oriented positions (e.g., R&D), keep sales personnel though not at previous levels, cut all other staff areas to the maximum extent
inventories monitor closely monitor closely, review for unnecessary inventory items the same as the left
account receivable tighten credit terms, set up a factoring (selling account receivables) relationship collect as rapidly as possible, on the payment side delay to the extent possible the same
financing secure a larger credit line, delay payments to vendors, get some long term debt consider stop paying dividends, keep good relationship with banks by disclosing the company’s condition early and fully the same
lines of business shut down unprofitable operations the same

Easy steps

When the warning systems signal a slowing of sales it is time to start fine tuning the contingency plans. You want to monitor inventories closely and reduce or eliminate capital spending plans.

Moderate steps

These steps come after the easy steps, and they come with a greater force. During this time capital spending is cut entirely or almost entirely. Business managers need to review employment, capital spending, financing, and be able to keep lenders fully appraised of the conditions.

Survival steps

Depending on the severity of the recession your company could be in survival mode. There is a list of four things that should be considered. 1st is Capital spending not only needs to stop, but asset sales need to be considered. 2nd is Employment must be cut as much as possible. 3rd is Sales personnel will be kept, though perhaps not at previous staffing levels. And lastly, the 4th is the other steps described earlier are doubly important now.

Taking advantage of recessions

During the recession take time to look at your business strategies, maybe there is something you can takeaway from the recession in a positive way. Surviving the recession is important. Once survival is likely, it is time to exploit the economic slowdown. This will be easier for some companies but not all.

Identifying opportunities

Recessions provide opportunities for a multitude of things. Use this time to build your company for whats to come after the recession has passed. Something like acquiring a weaker competitor is an example.

Pricing and sales strategies

Prices and sales will weaken during a recession, that is expected. Keeping the sales staff motivated is hard during these times but it is important they do their jobs the best they can. Try to avoid price wars during recessions.

Managing in the recovery

Sales should rebound during the recovery of the recession. Key employees should be recalled during this time if they were let go. Also, at the same time expect employee turnover to increase unless significant steps are taken to retain the lost workers.

Managing in a boom

Managers should not get carried away during this time. Use the boom to get your finances in order, while also trying to increase credit lines. This is a good time to review contingency plans for the next downturn.

Summing Up

Managing during a recession should start before it even hits. Companies should be alert, and on the watch for the next downturn. Plus, incorporating flexibility into the business is crucial.

Economic terms

Explain each of the following terms in your own words. The author explains the terms in the textbook. If necessary, you may also Google the term on the Web. Good resources include:

Explain the terms in your own words briefly.

Accounts Receivable

Money that is owed to a company by their debtors

Antitrust (page 163) - Market Structures

  • perfect competition - When buyers and sellers are so numerous and well informed to the point where all elements of monopoly are absent
  • monopolistic competition - Many producers compete ting against each other, but sell different products from one another
  • oligopoly - limited competition, this could be because the market is small
  • monopoly - absent of competition, a company that is dominating the market

Profit Maximization (page 169)

It is a short or long term process where the company determines the price, by using the input and output levels that will lead to the highest possible profit

Economic events

Describe the characteristics of the following events briefly.

The case of Washington Mutual in the summer of 2004 (page 163)

Washington Mutual had shutdown 53 banking offices, laid off 850 workers, and all this happened during a time when there wasn’t a recession in place.

The case of the airline industry during the 2001 recession (page 164)

Staffing levels were cut and customer service tanked. During the recession there became a low quality customer service. We see it best with complaints from late flights, and missing luggage being accelerated.