Item-by-item medians

Median values for each item of the PQAYS, from 2019-2020, by program.

These item-by-item medians primarily serve as a reference and are provided for completion. I think reviewing the data at a sub-scale level is much more informative as 1) more data are aggregated and therefore there is more data to support the finding, 2) there are fewer data points to consider which is helpful in understanding higher-level program insights, and 3) looking at the original scale, I am not sure it was intended be used at an item-by-item level (i.e., it seems as though the intent was to measure program performance based on the 8 sub-scales).

In my mind this would serve as an appendix doc or an internal reference document if needed.

1a - Physical safety

PQAYS data for sub-scale 1a, grouped by year and program.

## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'program.clean'. You can override using the
## `.groups` argument.
Program Year 1.1a - Hazard free 1.2a - Appropriate space 1.3a - Supervision provided 1.4a - First aid available 1.5a - Appropriate equipment 1.6a - Positive health 1.7a - Distraction free 1.8a - Injury response
Ball hockey 2019 5.0 5.0 5.0 5 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.5
Ball hockey 2020 5.0 5.0 5.0 5 5.0 4.0 NA NA
Basketball 2019 3.0 5.0 5.0 5 5.0 4.0 4.5 NA
Basketball 2020 5.0 5.0 5.0 5 5.0 5.0 NA NA
Boxing 2020 4.5 5.0 5.0 5 5.0 5.0 NA NA
Fuel for Fun 2019 5.0 5.0 5.0 5 5.0 4.0 5.0 0.0
Fuel for Fun 2020 5.0 5.0 5.0 5 5.0 5.0 NA NA
Girls Multisport 2019 5.0 5.0 4.5 5 5.0 4.5 0.0 0.0
Girls Multisport 2020 5.0 5.0 5.0 5 5.0 3.5 NA NA
Healthy Me 2019 5.0 4.5 5.0 5 4.0 4.5 3.5 NA
Healthy Me 2020 4.0 4.0 4.0 5 4.5 4.0 NA NA
Multisport 2019 4.5 4.5 5.0 5 5.0 5.0 2.0 0.0
Multisport 2020 5.0 5.0 5.0 5 5.0 4.0 NA NA
Npower 2020 5.0 5.0 5.0 5 5.0 3.5 NA NA
Pathways 2020 5.0 5.0 5.0 5 5.0 5.0 5.0 NA
QSLA 2019 4.5 4.5 5.0 5 5.0 3.5 2.5 0.0
Sharing dance 2019 3.5 3.0 5.0 4 5.0 3.5 4.0 0.0
Sharing dance 2020 3.0 3.5 5.0 5 4.0 5.0 4.0 NA
Social circus 2019 5.0 5.0 5.0 5 2.0 5.0 5.0 0.0
Sport and Stem 2019 5.0 5.0 5.0 5 5.0 4.5 5.0 0.0
Sport and Stem 2020 5.0 5.0 5.0 5 5.0 4.0 NA NA
Square circle 2019 5.0 5.0 5.0 5 5.0 5.0 5.0 0.0
Square circle 2020 5.0 5.0 5.0 5 5.0 5.0 4.5 NA
Volleyball 2019 4.5 4.0 5.0 5 4.0 4.0 2.0 NA
Volleyball 2020 5.0 5.0 5.0 5 5.0 3.5 NA NA
NA 2019 5.0 5.0 5.0 5 4.0 3.5 0.0 0.0

1b - Phychological safety

PQAYS data for sub-scale 1b, grouped by year and program.

## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'program.clean'. You can override using the
## `.groups` argument.
Program Year 1.1b - Positive emotional climate 1.2b - Respectful environment 1.3b - Conflict mediation
Ball hockey 2019 4.0 3.5 3.0
Ball hockey 2020 4.5 4.5 NA
Basketball 2019 4.5 4.5 4.5
Basketball 2020 4.5 4.0 NA
Boxing 2020 5.0 5.0 NA
Fuel for Fun 2019 4.0 5.0 0.0
Fuel for Fun 2020 5.0 4.0 NA
Girls Multisport 2019 4.5 4.0 2.0
Girls Multisport 2020 4.5 4.0 NA
Healthy Me 2019 4.5 4.5 5.0
Healthy Me 2020 4.0 4.0 NA
Multisport 2019 5.0 5.0 2.5
Multisport 2020 4.5 4.5 NA
Npower 2020 5.0 4.5 NA
Pathways 2020 5.0 5.0 NA
QSLA 2019 5.0 5.0 0.0
Sharing dance 2019 5.0 5.0 1.5
Sharing dance 2020 5.0 4.5 NA
Social circus 2019 5.0 5.0 0.0
Sport and Stem 2019 5.0 5.0 0.0
Sport and Stem 2020 4.5 4.5 NA
Square circle 2019 5.0 5.0 0.0
Square circle 2020 5.0 4.5 NA
Volleyball 2019 5.0 4.5 1.5
Volleyball 2020 4.0 4.0 NA
NA 2019 5.0 4.5 0.0

2 - Appropriate structure

PQAYS data for sub-scale 2, grouped by year and program.

## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'program.clean'. You can override using the
## `.groups` argument.
Program Year 2.1 - On time 2.2 - Engaged staff 2.3 - Clear expectations 2.4 - Clear purpose 2.5 - Engaged youth 2.6 - Well organized 2.7 - Staff support
Ball hockey 2019 NA 5.0 3.5 3.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
Ball hockey 2020 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.0 NA
Basketball 2019 5.0 4.5 4.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.5
Basketball 2020 5.0 4.5 4.0 5.0 4.0 4.5 NA
Boxing 2020 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.5 3.5 5.0
Fuel for Fun 2019 5.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 4.0
Fuel for Fun 2020 4.5 5.0 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 NA
Girls Multisport 2019 5.0 4.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.5
Girls Multisport 2020 3.0 4.5 3.5 4.5 5.0 4.0 NA
Healthy Me 2019 NA 4.5 4.0 5.0 4.5 4.5 5.0
Healthy Me 2020 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.5 NA
Multisport 2019 5.0 4.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 5.0 4.5
Multisport 2020 5.0 3.5 4.0 3.5 4.0 3.0 4.0
Npower 2020 4.0 5.0 4.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 5.0
Pathways 2020 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 NA
QSLA 2019 5.0 4.5 5.0 4.5 5.0 4.5 5.0
Sharing dance 2019 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.0 4.0 5.0 0.0
Sharing dance 2020 4.5 5.0 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.0 2.5
Social circus 2019 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 5.0
Sport and Stem 2019 4.5 5.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0
Sport and Stem 2020 5.0 5.0 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.5
Square circle 2019 5.0 4.5 NA 4.5 4.0 4.0 5.0
Square circle 2020 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.0 5.0 4.5 4.5
Volleyball 2019 3.0 5.0 4.5 4.0 4.0 3.5 4.5
Volleyball 2020 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.0 NA
NA 2019 4.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 NA 3.5 3.5

3 - Supportive relationships

PQAYS data for sub-scale 3, grouped by year and program.

## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'program.clean'. You can override using the
## `.groups` argument.
Program Year 3.1 - Warm environment 3.2 - Staff-youth interact 3.3 - Youth trust staff 3.4 - Positive youth relationships 3.5 - Development encouraged
Ball hockey 2019 3.0 4.0 5.0 4.0 4.0
Ball hockey 2020 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 3.5
Basketball 2019 4.5 4.0 4.0 4.5 2.5
Basketball 2020 4.0 4.0 5.0 4.0 4.0
Boxing 2020 5.0 4.5 5.0 5.0 4.0
Fuel for Fun 2019 5.0 5.0 4.0 5.0 4.0
Fuel for Fun 2020 5.0 4.5 5.0 4.0 4.0
Girls Multisport 2019 4.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.0
Girls Multisport 2020 4.5 3.5 5.0 4.5 4.0
Healthy Me 2019 5.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 3.5
Healthy Me 2020 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.0 4.0
Multisport 2019 5.0 4.5 5.0 5.0 4.5
Multisport 2020 3.0 4.0 4.5 3.5 4.0
Npower 2020 5.0 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.5
Pathways 2020 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
QSLA 2019 5.0 4.5 5.0 4.5 5.0
Sharing dance 2019 4.5 3.5 5.0 4.0 4.0
Sharing dance 2020 5.0 4.5 4.5 5.0 5.0
Social circus 2019 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
Sport and Stem 2019 5.0 3.0 4.0 4.5 5.0
Sport and Stem 2020 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.0 4.5
Square circle 2019 5.0 4.5 5.0 5.0 4.0
Square circle 2020 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.5
Volleyball 2019 4.5 4.0 4.0 5.0 3.5
Volleyball 2020 4.0 3.5 4.5 4.0 4.0
NA 2019 5.0 4.0 4.5 5.0 4.0

4 - Opportunities to belong

PQAYS data for sub-scale 4, grouped by year and program.

## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'program.clean'. You can override using the
## `.groups` argument.
Program Year 4.1 - Positive associations 4.2 - Inclusive youth 4.3 - Additional activities
Ball hockey 2019 3.5 3.0 1.0
Ball hockey 2020 5.0 4.0 1.0
Basketball 2019 4.0 4.0 2.0
Basketball 2020 5.0 5.0 3.0
Boxing 2020 5.0 4.5 1.5
Fuel for Fun 2019 5.0 5.0 1.0
Fuel for Fun 2020 4.5 4.5 3.5
Girls Multisport 2019 4.0 3.5 3.0
Girls Multisport 2020 4.5 4.0 1.0
Healthy Me 2019 4.0 5.0 1.0
Healthy Me 2020 4.0 4.0 3.0
Multisport 2019 5.0 4.5 3.0
Multisport 2020 4.5 4.5 1.0
Npower 2020 5.0 5.0 3.0
Pathways 2020 5.0 5.0 4.5
QSLA 2019 4.5 4.5 1.0
Sharing dance 2019 5.0 4.0 1.0
Sharing dance 2020 5.0 4.0 2.5
Social circus 2019 5.0 5.0 5.0
Sport and Stem 2019 4.5 4.0 NA
Sport and Stem 2020 4.5 5.0 1.0
Square circle 2019 5.0 4.5 NA
Square circle 2020 4.5 4.5 3.0
Volleyball 2019 4.0 4.0 3.0
Volleyball 2020 4.5 4.0 1.0
NA 2019 4.5 5.0 1.0

5 - Positive social norms

PQAYS data for sub-scale 5, grouped by year and program.

## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'program.clean'. You can override using the
## `.groups` argument.
Program Year 5.1 - Positive social norms 5.2 - Fair play 5.3 - Sportspersonship
Ball hockey 2019 4.5 4.0 3.0
Ball hockey 2020 5.0 5.0 3.0
Basketball 2019 4.5 4.5 4.0
Basketball 2020 5.0 5.0 4.0
Boxing 2020 5.0 5.0 4.5
Fuel for Fun 2019 4.0 5.0 5.0
Fuel for Fun 2020 5.0 5.0 4.0
Girls Multisport 2019 3.5 3.5 3.5
Girls Multisport 2020 5.0 4.0 5.0
Healthy Me 2019 4.5 4.5 4.5
Healthy Me 2020 4.0 4.0 3.0
Multisport 2019 5.0 5.0 5.0
Multisport 2020 4.5 4.5 4.5
Npower 2020 4.5 4.5 5.0
Pathways 2020 5.0 5.0 5.0
QSLA 2019 5.0 5.0 4.5
Sharing dance 2019 4.5 4.0 4.5
Sharing dance 2020 5.0 4.5 4.5
Social circus 2019 5.0 NA 5.0
Sport and Stem 2019 5.0 4.5 3.5
Sport and Stem 2020 4.5 4.5 3.5
Square circle 2019 5.0 5.0 3.5
Square circle 2020 4.5 5.0 4.5
Volleyball 2019 5.0 5.0 4.0
Volleyball 2020 4.5 4.0 5.0
NA 2019 5.0 5.0 5.0

6 - Support for efficacy and mattering

PQAYS data for sub-scale 6, grouped by year and program.

## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'program.clean'. You can override using the
## `.groups` argument.
Program Year 6.1 - Developmental focus 6.2 - Youth given choices 6.3 - Acheivements acknowledged 6.4 - Mentorship opportunities 6.5 - Positive feedback 6.6 - Constructive feedback 6.7 - Contributions recognized 6.8 - Staff listen
Ball hockey 2019 4.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.0
Ball hockey 2020 3.0 2.5 4.0 2.5 4.5 3.5 3.5 4.0
Basketball 2019 4.5 3.5 4.0 2.5 4.5 4.0 4.5 4.5
Basketball 2020 4.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.5 5.0 4.0
Boxing 2020 4.0 4.0 3.5 4.5 4.0 3.5 4.5 4.0
Fuel for Fun 2019 3.0 1.0 4.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 5.0
Fuel for Fun 2020 4.5 3.5 5.0 4.0 4.5 4.5 4.0 4.5
Girls Multisport 2019 3.5 3.0 3.0 1.5 4.0 3.0 4.0 4.0
Girls Multisport 2020 4.0 3.0 3.5 3.0 4.0 3.5 4.0 4.0
Healthy Me 2019 2.5 3.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.5
Healthy Me 2020 4.0 3.5 4.0 3.0 4.0 4.5 4.0 4.0
Multisport 2019 5.0 2.5 5.0 3.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
Multisport 2020 3.5 2.0 3.5 2.5 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.5
Npower 2020 4.0 3.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.0 4.0 5.0
Pathways 2020 5.0 4.5 5.0 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
QSLA 2019 4.0 1.5 4.0 3.0 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.0
Sharing dance 2019 3.5 4.5 4.0 3.0 NA 4.0 4.0 NA
Sharing dance 2020 4.0 4.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.5 4.0 4.5
Social circus 2019 4.0 NA 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
Sport and Stem 2019 4.5 3.0 4.5 0.0 4.0 3.5 3.5 4.5
Sport and Stem 2020 4.0 3.0 4.0 3.5 4.5 4.0 4.0 4.0
Square circle 2019 NA 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.5 5.0 5.0 4.5
Square circle 2020 4.0 2.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 5.0 4.5 4.5
Volleyball 2019 3.5 1.5 3.5 1.5 4.5 4.0 4.0 4.0
Volleyball 2020 4.0 3.0 3.5 3.0 4.0 3.5 4.0 4.0
NA 2019 3.5 1.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 2.5 2.0 4.5

7a - Opportunities for sport building - Sport skills

PQAYS data for sub-scale 7a, grouped by year and program.

## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'program.clean'. You can override using the
## `.groups` argument.
Program Year 7.1a - Staff understand fundamentals 7.2a - Staff promote learning 7.3a - Staff model skills 7.4a - Opportunities to practice 7.5a - Opportunities to reflect
Ball hockey 2019 4.5 2.0 3.0 2.5 1.0
Ball hockey 2020 5.0 3.0 5.0 3.5 2.5
Basketball 2019 4.5 3.0 4.5 4.0 2.5
Basketball 2020 5.0 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.0
Boxing 2020 5.0 3.0 4.5 4.5 3.0
Fuel for Fun 2019 5.0 2.0 4.0 5.0 1.0
Fuel for Fun 2020 5.0 4.5 5.0 4.0 4.0
Girls Multisport 2019 5.0 1.5 4.5 4.5 2.5
Girls Multisport 2020 4.5 2.5 4.0 4.0 3.0
Healthy Me 2019 5.0 3.0 4.5 3.5 2.0
Healthy Me 2020 4.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 3.0
Multisport 2019 5.0 4.5 5.0 5.0 3.5
Multisport 2020 4.0 3.5 3.5 4.5 3.0
Npower 2020 5.0 4.0 5.0 4.5 4.0
Pathways 2020 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.5
QSLA 2019 5.0 3.0 5.0 4.5 3.0
Sharing dance 2019 4.5 2.0 4.0 3.5 3.0
Sharing dance 2020 5.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 2.0
Social circus 2019 NA 3.0 5.0 5.0 3.0
Sport and Stem 2019 5.0 NA 5.0 5.0 NA
Sport and Stem 2020 5.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 3.5
Square circle 2019 5.0 2.5 NA NA 2.5
Square circle 2020 5.0 4.5 5.0 5.0 3.0
Volleyball 2019 4.5 2.5 4.5 4.5 2.5
Volleyball 2020 4.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 3.0
NA 2019 4.0 3.0 3.0 2.5 1.0

7b - Opportunities for sport building - Life skills

PQAYS data for sub-scale 7b, grouped by year and program.

## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'program.clean'. You can override using the
## `.groups` argument.
Program Year 7.1b - Life skills discussed 7.2b - Life skills modeled 7.3b - Opportunities to improve life skills 7.4b - Life skills debriefed
Ball hockey 2019 NA 2.5 1.5 3.5
Ball hockey 2020 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.0
Basketball 2019 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Basketball 2020 4.0 4.0 3.5 4.5
Boxing 2020 2.0 1.5 2.5 2.5
Fuel for Fun 2019 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Fuel for Fun 2020 4.0 4.5 4.0 3.5
Girls Multisport 2019 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.5
Girls Multisport 2020 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.0
Healthy Me 2019 3.0 3.0 NA 2.5
Healthy Me 2020 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.5
Multisport 2019 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
Multisport 2020 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.5
Npower 2020 5.0 3.5 4.0 5.0
Pathways 2020 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
QSLA 2019 2.5 1.5 1.5 1.0
Sharing dance 2019 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0
Sharing dance 2020 3.0 3.5 3.5 2.5
Social circus 2019 1.0 NA NA NA
Sport and Stem 2019 NA NA NA NA
Sport and Stem 2020 3.5 3.0 3.0 2.0
Square circle 2019 1.5 NA NA NA
Square circle 2020 3.0 4.0 3.0 2.5
Volleyball 2019 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.5
Volleyball 2020 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.5
NA 2019 3.5 4.0 3.5 3.0

8 - Integration of family, school, and community

PQAYS data for sub-scale 8, grouped by year and program.

## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'program.clean'. You can override using the
## `.groups` argument.
Program Year 8.1 - Families welcome 8.2 - Families involved 8.3 - Staff-school communication 8.4 - Community opportunities 8.5 - Coach-parent communication
Ball hockey 2019 3.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0
Ball hockey 2020 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 NA
Basketball 2019 4.0 2.0 3.0 2.5 1.5
Basketball 2020 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 NA
Boxing 2020 2.0 1.5 2.5 2.0 NA
Fuel for Fun 2019 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Fuel for Fun 2020 1.0 1.0 4.0 2.0 NA
Girls Multisport 2019 4.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.0
Girls Multisport 2020 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 NA
Healthy Me 2019 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.5 0.5
Healthy Me 2020 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 NA
Multisport 2019 5.0 2.5 3.5 2.5 2.5
Multisport 2020 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 NA
Npower 2020 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 NA
Pathways 2020 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
QSLA 2019 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Sharing dance 2019 1.0 1.0 1.0 NA 0.5
Sharing dance 2020 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 NA
Social circus 2019 NA NA NA NA NA
Sport and Stem 2019 NA NA NA NA NA
Sport and Stem 2020 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 NA
Square circle 2019 NA NA NA 1.0 1.0
Square circle 2020 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.0
Volleyball 2019 3.0 1.0 2.0 2.5 1.0
Volleyball 2020 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 NA
NA 2019 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5

9 - Scale fidelity

PQAYS data for sub-scale 9, grouped by year and program.

## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'program.clean'. You can override using the
## `.groups` argument.
Program Year 9.1 - Activity-program consistency 9.2 - Activity-objective support
Ball hockey 2019 NA NA
Ball hockey 2020 5.0 4.0
Basketball 2019 NA NA
Basketball 2020 5.0 4.0
Boxing 2020 4.5 5.0
Fuel for Fun 2019 NA NA
Fuel for Fun 2020 3.5 5.0
Girls Multisport 2019 NA NA
Girls Multisport 2020 4.5 4.5
Healthy Me 2019 NA NA
Healthy Me 2020 5.0 5.0
Multisport 2019 NA NA
Multisport 2020 5.0 5.0
Npower 2020 5.0 5.0
Pathways 2020 5.0 5.0
QSLA 2019 NA NA
Sharing dance 2019 NA NA
Sharing dance 2020 5.0 5.0
Social circus 2019 NA NA
Sport and Stem 2019 NA NA
Sport and Stem 2020 4.0 4.0
Square circle 2019 NA NA
Square circle 2020 4.0 4.0
Volleyball 2019 NA NA
Volleyball 2020 4.0 4.5
NA 2019 NA NA

Sub-scale medians

Median values for each sub-scale of the PQAYS, by program.

I started here by aggregating across years, so data is displayed by program only. This is just to get a sense of whether, on a given sub-scale, some programs are performing better/worse than others.

There is some variability here program-to-program, but it does not seem too far out of the norm (as shown in the upcoming KW and Wilcoxon tests). The most variability program-to-program is observed on subscale 6 onwards.

What is notable is that different sub-scales perform quite differently. For example, the first 5 sub-scales perform quite well, and many of these relate to infrastructure and staffing/coaching. The worst performing scale is #8 (Integration of family, community, and school efforts) across all programs.

Program 1a - Physical Safety 1b - Psychological Safety 2 - Appropriate Structure 3 - Supportive Relationships 4 - Opportunities to Belong 5 - Positive Social Norms 6 - Support for Efficacy and Mattering 7a - Opportunities for Skill-building – Sport Skills 7b - Opportunities for Skill-building – Life Skills 8 - Integration of Family, School and Community Efforts 9 - Program fidelity
Ball hockey 5.00 4.25 4.00 4.0 4.00 4.5 3.50 3.5 3.00 1.00 NA
Basketball 5.00 4.50 4.00 4.0 5.00 5.0 4.00 4.0 4.00 1.00 NA
Boxing 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.0 4.50 5.0 4.00 4.0 2.25 1.75 4.75
Fuel for Fun 5.00 4.00 5.00 5.0 4.00 5.0 4.00 4.0 4.00 1.00 NA
Girls Multisport 5.00 4.00 4.25 4.0 4.00 4.5 3.75 4.0 2.25 1.00 NA
Healthy Me 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.0 4.00 4.0 4.00 3.5 3.50 1.00 NA
Multisport 5.00 5.00 4.50 4.5 4.50 5.0 4.00 4.0 3.75 1.00 NA
Npower 5.00 4.75 4.50 4.5 5.00 4.5 4.50 4.5 4.25 1.00 5.00
Pathways 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.0 5.00 5.0 5.00 5.0 4.00 1.00 5.00
QSLA 4.25 5.00 5.00 5.0 4.50 5.0 4.25 4.5 2.00 1.00 NA
Sharing dance 4.00 4.50 4.00 4.5 4.00 5.0 3.75 3.5 2.25 1.00 NA
Social circus 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.0 5.00 5.0 5.00 5.0 1.00 NA NA
Sport and Stem 5.00 5.00 5.00 4.0 4.25 4.5 4.00 4.5 NA NA NA
Square circle 5.00 5.00 4.00 5.0 4.00 5.0 5.00 5.0 2.75 1.00 NA
Volleyball 5.00 4.00 4.00 4.0 4.00 5.0 3.75 4.0 3.00 1.00 NA
NA 4.50 4.50 4.00 4.5 4.50 5.0 3.50 3.0 3.50 1.00 NA

Median values for each sub-scale of the PQAYS, from 2019-2020, by program.

Here we are moving into program by year.

## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'program.clean'. You can override using the
## `.groups` argument.
Program Year 1a - Physical Safety 1b - Psychological Safety 2 - Appropriate Structure 3 - Supportive Relationships 4 - Opportunities to Belong 5 - Positive Social Norms 6 - Support for Efficacy and Mattering 7a - Opportunities for Skill-building – Sport Skills 7b - Opportunities for Skill-building – Life Skills 8 - Integration of Family, School and Community Efforts 9 - Program fidelity
Ball hockey 2019 4.75 3.50 4.00 3.5 3.00 4.0 3.25 3.0 2.75 1.00 NA
Ball hockey 2020 5.00 4.50 4.50 4.0 4.00 5.0 3.75 4.0 3.00 1.00 4.50
Basketball 2019 5.00 4.50 4.50 4.0 4.00 4.5 4.25 3.5 2.50 2.50 NA
Basketball 2020 5.00 4.50 4.00 4.0 5.00 5.0 4.00 4.0 4.00 1.00 4.50
Boxing 2020 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.0 4.50 5.0 4.00 4.0 2.25 1.75 4.75
Fuel for Fun 2019 5.00 4.00 4.00 5.0 5.00 5.0 3.50 4.0 1.00 1.00 NA
Fuel for Fun 2020 5.00 4.25 5.00 4.5 4.00 5.0 4.00 4.5 4.00 1.50 4.00
Girls Multisport 2019 5.00 4.00 4.00 4.0 3.50 3.5 3.50 4.5 2.00 2.00 NA
Girls Multisport 2020 5.00 4.00 4.75 4.5 4.00 5.0 3.75 4.0 2.75 1.00 4.50
Healthy Me 2019 4.75 4.50 5.00 4.5 4.00 5.0 4.00 3.5 3.00 1.00 NA
Healthy Me 2020 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.0 4.00 4.0 4.00 3.5 4.00 1.00 5.00
Multisport 2019 4.75 5.00 5.00 5.0 4.50 5.0 5.00 5.0 2.00 3.00 NA
Multisport 2020 5.00 4.50 4.00 4.0 4.50 4.5 3.00 4.0 4.00 1.00 5.00
Npower 2020 5.00 4.75 4.50 4.5 5.00 4.5 4.50 4.5 4.25 1.00 5.00
Pathways 2020 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.0 5.00 5.0 5.00 5.0 4.00 1.00 5.00
QSLA 2019 4.25 5.00 5.00 5.0 4.50 5.0 4.25 4.5 2.00 1.00 NA
Sharing dance 2019 4.00 4.50 4.50 4.0 3.50 4.5 4.00 3.5 1.25 1.00 NA
Sharing dance 2020 4.75 4.50 4.00 5.0 4.00 5.0 3.50 3.5 3.25 2.00 5.00
Social circus 2019 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.0 5.00 5.0 5.00 5.0 1.00 NA NA
Sport and Stem 2019 5.00 5.00 5.00 4.0 4.25 4.5 3.75 5.0 NA NA NA
Sport and Stem 2020 5.00 4.50 5.00 4.5 4.50 4.5 4.00 4.0 3.00 1.00 4.00
Square circle 2019 5.00 5.00 4.00 5.0 4.50 5.0 5.00 5.0 1.50 1.00 NA
Square circle 2020 5.00 4.75 4.50 5.0 4.00 4.5 4.50 4.5 3.50 1.00 4.00
Volleyball 2019 4.50 4.50 4.00 4.0 4.00 5.0 3.75 4.5 1.50 2.00 NA
Volleyball 2020 5.00 4.00 4.00 4.0 4.00 4.5 3.75 4.0 3.00 1.00 4.25
NA 2019 4.50 4.50 4.00 4.5 4.50 5.0 3.50 3.0 3.50 1.00 NA

Year-over-year comparisons

Median values for each sub-scale of the PQAYS, from 2019-2020, by program type (Sport Plus vs. Plus Sport)

This next table provides a more digestible overview of Sport Plus vs Plus Sport performance on the PQAYS. In general, Plus Sport programs maybe performing slightly better than Sport Plus.

## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'program.type'. You can override using the
## `.groups` argument.
## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'program.type'. You can override using the
## `.groups` argument.
Program type Year 1a - Physical Safety 1b - Psychological Safety 2 - Appropriate Structure 3 - Supportive Relationships 4 - Opportunities to Belong 5 - Positive Social Norms 6 - Support for Efficacy and Mattering 7a - Opportunities for Skill-building – Sport Skills 7b - Opportunities for Skill-building – Life Skills 8 - Integration of Family, School and Community Efforts 9 - Program fidelity Overall
Plus Sport 2019 5.00 5.0 5 5.0 5 5.0 4.00 5 NA NA NA 4
Plus Sport 2020 5.00 4.5 5 4.5 4 5.0 4.00 4 4 1 5.0 4
Sport Plus 2019 4.75 4.0 4 4.0 4 4.5 4.00 4 2 1 NA 4
Sport Plus 2020 5.00 4.0 4 4.0 4 5.0 3.75 4 3 1 4.5 4

Sport Plus

Across all sub-scales, for Sport Plus programs, significant differences were observed for subscales …

1a - Physical safety (2020 > 2019) and
4 - Opportunities to belong (2020 > 2019) and
7b - Opportunities for sport building - Life skills (2020 > 2019).

1a - Physical safety

Significant difference.

kw.sp = filter(pqays.n, program.type == "Sport Plus")

#Significant.

kruskal.test(median.1a ~ year.cat, data = pqays.n, subset = program.type == "Sport Plus")
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  median.1a by year.cat
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 9.5852, df = 1, p-value = 0.001962
pairwise.wilcox.test(kw.sp$median.1a, kw.sp$year.cat, paired = FALSE)
## Warning in wilcox.test.default(xi, xj, paired = paired, ...): cannot compute
## exact p-value with ties
## 
##  Pairwise comparisons using Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 
## 
## data:  kw.sp$median.1a and kw.sp$year.cat 
## 
##      2019  
## 2020 0.0021
## 
## P value adjustment method: holm

1b - Psychological safety

No significant differences year-over-year.

# Non-significant.

kruskal.test(median.1b ~ year.cat, data = pqays.n, subset = program.type == "Sport Plus")
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  median.1b by year.cat
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 0.38654, df = 1, p-value = 0.5341
pairwise.wilcox.test(kw.sp$median.1b, kw.sp$year.cat, paired = FALSE)
## Warning in wilcox.test.default(xi, xj, paired = paired, ...): cannot compute
## exact p-value with ties
## 
##  Pairwise comparisons using Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 
## 
## data:  kw.sp$median.1b and kw.sp$year.cat 
## 
##      2019
## 2020 0.54
## 
## P value adjustment method: holm

2 - Appropriate structure

No significant differences year-over-year.

# Non-significant.

kruskal.test(median.2 ~ year.cat, data = pqays.n, subset = program.type == "Sport Plus")
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  median.2 by year.cat
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 0.056256, df = 1, p-value = 0.8125
pairwise.wilcox.test(kw.sp$median.2, kw.sp$year.cat, paired = FALSE)
## Warning in wilcox.test.default(xi, xj, paired = paired, ...): cannot compute
## exact p-value with ties
## 
##  Pairwise comparisons using Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 
## 
## data:  kw.sp$median.2 and kw.sp$year.cat 
## 
##      2019
## 2020 0.82
## 
## P value adjustment method: holm

3 - Supportive relationships

No significant differences year-over-year.

# Non-significant.

kruskal.test(median.3 ~ year.cat, data = pqays.n, subset = program.type == "Sport Plus")
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  median.3 by year.cat
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 1.1916, df = 1, p-value = 0.275
pairwise.wilcox.test(kw.sp$median.3, kw.sp$year.cat, paired = FALSE)
## Warning in wilcox.test.default(xi, xj, paired = paired, ...): cannot compute
## exact p-value with ties
## 
##  Pairwise comparisons using Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 
## 
## data:  kw.sp$median.3 and kw.sp$year.cat 
## 
##      2019
## 2020 0.28
## 
## P value adjustment method: holm

4 - Opportunities to belong

Significant difference.

# Non-significant.

kruskal.test(median.4 ~ year.cat, data = pqays.n, subset = program.type == "Sport Plus")
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  median.4 by year.cat
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 4.6693, df = 1, p-value = 0.03071
pairwise.wilcox.test(kw.sp$median.4, kw.sp$year.cat, paired = FALSE)
## Warning in wilcox.test.default(xi, xj, paired = paired, ...): cannot compute
## exact p-value with ties
## 
##  Pairwise comparisons using Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 
## 
## data:  kw.sp$median.4 and kw.sp$year.cat 
## 
##      2019 
## 2020 0.032
## 
## P value adjustment method: holm

5 - Positive social norms

No significant differences year-over-year.

# Non-significant.

kruskal.test(median.5 ~ year.cat, data = pqays.n, subset = program.type == "Sport Plus")
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  median.5 by year.cat
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 1.6838, df = 1, p-value = 0.1944
pairwise.wilcox.test(kw.sp$median.5, kw.sp$year.cat, paired = FALSE)
## Warning in wilcox.test.default(xi, xj, paired = paired, ...): cannot compute
## exact p-value with ties
## 
##  Pairwise comparisons using Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 
## 
## data:  kw.sp$median.5 and kw.sp$year.cat 
## 
##      2019
## 2020 0.2 
## 
## P value adjustment method: holm

6 - Support for efficacy and mattering

No significant differences year-over-year.

# Non-significant.

kruskal.test(median.6 ~ year.cat, data = pqays.n, subset = program.type == "Sport Plus")
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  median.6 by year.cat
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 0.064645, df = 1, p-value = 0.7993
pairwise.wilcox.test(kw.sp$median.6, kw.sp$year.cat, paired = FALSE)
## Warning in wilcox.test.default(xi, xj, paired = paired, ...): cannot compute
## exact p-value with ties
## 
##  Pairwise comparisons using Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 
## 
## data:  kw.sp$median.6 and kw.sp$year.cat 
## 
##      2019
## 2020 0.81
## 
## P value adjustment method: holm

7a - Opportunities for sport building - Sport skills

No significant differences year-over-year.

# Non-significant.

kruskal.test(median.7a ~ year.cat, data = pqays.n, subset = program.type == "Sport Plus")
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  median.7a by year.cat
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 0.32468, df = 1, p-value = 0.5688
pairwise.wilcox.test(kw.sp$median.7a, kw.sp$year.cat, paired = FALSE)
## Warning in wilcox.test.default(xi, xj, paired = paired, ...): cannot compute
## exact p-value with ties
## 
##  Pairwise comparisons using Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 
## 
## data:  kw.sp$median.7a and kw.sp$year.cat 
## 
##      2019
## 2020 0.58
## 
## P value adjustment method: holm

7b - Opportunities for sport building - Life skills

Significant difference.

# Significant.

kruskal.test(median.7b ~ year.cat, data = pqays.n, subset = program.type == "Sport Plus")
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  median.7b by year.cat
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 8.784, df = 1, p-value = 0.003039
pairwise.wilcox.test(kw.sp$median.7b, kw.sp$year.cat, paired = FALSE)
## Warning in wilcox.test.default(xi, xj, paired = paired, ...): cannot compute
## exact p-value with ties
## 
##  Pairwise comparisons using Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 
## 
## data:  kw.sp$median.7b and kw.sp$year.cat 
## 
##      2019  
## 2020 0.0031
## 
## P value adjustment method: holm

8 - Integration of family, school, and community

No significant differences year-over-year.

# Non-significant.

kruskal.test(median.8 ~ year.cat, data = pqays.n, subset = program.type == "Sport Plus")
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  median.8 by year.cat
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 2.7769, df = 1, p-value = 0.09563
pairwise.wilcox.test(kw.sp$median.8, kw.sp$year.cat, paired = FALSE)
## Warning in wilcox.test.default(xi, xj, paired = paired, ...): cannot compute
## exact p-value with ties
## 
##  Pairwise comparisons using Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 
## 
## data:  kw.sp$median.8 and kw.sp$year.cat 
## 
##      2019 
## 2020 0.098
## 
## P value adjustment method: holm

Overall

No significant differences year-over-year.

# Non-significant.

kruskal.test(median.total ~ year.cat, data = pqays.n, subset = program.type == "Sport Plus")
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  median.total by year.cat
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 0.32925, df = 1, p-value = 0.5661
pairwise.wilcox.test(kw.sp$median.total, kw.sp$year.cat, paired = FALSE)
## Warning in wilcox.test.default(xi, xj, paired = paired, ...): cannot compute
## exact p-value with ties
## 
##  Pairwise comparisons using Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 
## 
## data:  kw.sp$median.total and kw.sp$year.cat 
## 
##      2019
## 2020 0.57
## 
## P value adjustment method: holm

Plus Sport

Across all sub-scales, for Plus Sport programs, significant differences were observed for for sub-scales…

7b - Opportunities for sport building - Life skills (2020 < 2019)
8 - Integration of family, school, and community (2020 < 2021)

1a - Physical safety

No significant differences year-over-year.

kw.ps = filter(pqays.n, program.type == "Plus Sport")

#Significant.

kruskal.test(median.1a ~ year.cat, data = pqays.n, subset = program.type == "Plus Sport")
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  median.1a by year.cat
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 2.0082, df = 1, p-value = 0.1564
pairwise.wilcox.test(kw.ps$median.1a, kw.ps$year.cat, paired = FALSE)
## Warning in wilcox.test.default(xi, xj, paired = paired, ...): cannot compute
## exact p-value with ties
## 
##  Pairwise comparisons using Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 
## 
## data:  kw.ps$median.1a and kw.ps$year.cat 
## 
##      2019
## 2020 0.16
## 
## P value adjustment method: holm

1b - Psychological safety

No significant differences year-over-year.

# Non-significant.

kruskal.test(median.1b ~ year.cat, data = pqays.n, subset = program.type == "Plus Sport")
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  median.1b by year.cat
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 2.3521, df = 1, p-value = 0.1251
pairwise.wilcox.test(kw.ps$median.1b, kw.ps$year.cat, paired = FALSE)
## Warning in wilcox.test.default(xi, xj, paired = paired, ...): cannot compute
## exact p-value with ties
## 
##  Pairwise comparisons using Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 
## 
## data:  kw.ps$median.1b and kw.ps$year.cat 
## 
##      2019
## 2020 0.13
## 
## P value adjustment method: holm

2 - Appropriate structure

No significant differences year-over-year.

# Non-significant.

kruskal.test(median.2 ~ year.cat, data = pqays.n, subset = program.type == "Plus Sport")
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  median.2 by year.cat
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 1.2819, df = 1, p-value = 0.2575
pairwise.wilcox.test(kw.ps$median.2, kw.ps$year.cat, paired = FALSE)
## Warning in wilcox.test.default(xi, xj, paired = paired, ...): cannot compute
## exact p-value with ties
## 
##  Pairwise comparisons using Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 
## 
## data:  kw.ps$median.2 and kw.ps$year.cat 
## 
##      2019
## 2020 0.26
## 
## P value adjustment method: holm

3 - Supportive relationships

No significant differences year-over-year.

# Significant.

kruskal.test(median.3 ~ year.cat, data = pqays.n, subset = program.type == "Plus Sport")
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  median.3 by year.cat
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 1.5057, df = 1, p-value = 0.2198
pairwise.wilcox.test(kw.ps$median.3, kw.ps$year.cat, paired = FALSE)
## Warning in wilcox.test.default(xi, xj, paired = paired, ...): cannot compute
## exact p-value with ties
## 
##  Pairwise comparisons using Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 
## 
## data:  kw.ps$median.3 and kw.ps$year.cat 
## 
##      2019
## 2020 0.22
## 
## P value adjustment method: holm

4 - Opportunities to belong

No significant differences year-over-year.

# Non-significant.

kruskal.test(median.4 ~ year.cat, data = pqays.n, subset = program.type == "Plus Sport")
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  median.4 by year.cat
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 0.07148, df = 1, p-value = 0.7892
pairwise.wilcox.test(kw.ps$median.4, kw.ps$year.cat, paired = FALSE)
## Warning in wilcox.test.default(xi, xj, paired = paired, ...): cannot compute
## exact p-value with ties
## 
##  Pairwise comparisons using Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 
## 
## data:  kw.ps$median.4 and kw.ps$year.cat 
## 
##      2019
## 2020 0.8 
## 
## P value adjustment method: holm

5 - Positive social norms

No significant differences year-over-year.

# Significant.

kruskal.test(median.5 ~ year.cat, data = pqays.n, subset = program.type == "Plus Sport")
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  median.5 by year.cat
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 2.5677, df = 1, p-value = 0.1091
pairwise.wilcox.test(kw.ps$median.5, kw.ps$year.cat, paired = FALSE)
## Warning in wilcox.test.default(xi, xj, paired = paired, ...): cannot compute
## exact p-value with ties
## 
##  Pairwise comparisons using Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 
## 
## data:  kw.ps$median.5 and kw.ps$year.cat 
## 
##      2019
## 2020 0.11
## 
## P value adjustment method: holm

6 - Support for efficacy and mattering

No significant differences year-over-year.

# Significant.

kruskal.test(median.6 ~ year.cat, data = pqays.n, subset = program.type == "Plus Sport")
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  median.6 by year.cat
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 0.0014148, df = 1, p-value = 0.97
pairwise.wilcox.test(kw.ps$median.6, kw.ps$year.cat, paired = FALSE)
## Warning in wilcox.test.default(xi, xj, paired = paired, ...): cannot compute
## exact p-value with ties
## 
##  Pairwise comparisons using Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 
## 
## data:  kw.ps$median.6 and kw.ps$year.cat 
## 
##      2019
## 2020 0.98
## 
## P value adjustment method: holm

7a - Opportunities for sport building - Sport skills

No significant differences year-over-year.

# Non-significant.

kruskal.test(median.7a ~ year.cat, data = pqays.n, subset = program.type == "Plus Sport")
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  median.7a by year.cat
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 0.17198, df = 1, p-value = 0.6784
pairwise.wilcox.test(kw.ps$median.7a, kw.ps$year.cat, paired = FALSE)
## Warning in wilcox.test.default(xi, xj, paired = paired, ...): cannot compute
## exact p-value with ties
## 
##  Pairwise comparisons using Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 
## 
## data:  kw.ps$median.7a and kw.ps$year.cat 
## 
##      2019
## 2020 0.69
## 
## P value adjustment method: holm

7b - Opportunities for sport building - Life skills

Significant difference.

# Significant.

kruskal.test(median.7b ~ year.cat, data = pqays.n, subset = program.type == "Plus Sport")
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  median.7b by year.cat
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 12.201, df = 1, p-value = 0.0004776
pairwise.wilcox.test(kw.ps$median.7b, kw.ps$year.cat, paired = FALSE)
## Warning in wilcox.test.default(xi, xj, paired = paired, ...): cannot compute
## exact p-value with ties
## 
##  Pairwise comparisons using Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 
## 
## data:  kw.ps$median.7b and kw.ps$year.cat 
## 
##      2019   
## 2020 0.00049
## 
## P value adjustment method: holm

8 - Integration of family, school, and community

Significant difference.

# Significant.

kruskal.test(median.8 ~ year.cat, data = pqays.n, subset = program.type == "Plus Sport")
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  median.8 by year.cat
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 0.0001781, df = 1, p-value = 0.9894
pairwise.wilcox.test(kw.ps$median.8, kw.ps$year.cat, paired = FALSE)
## Warning in wilcox.test.default(xi, xj, paired = paired, ...): cannot compute
## exact p-value with ties
## 
##  Pairwise comparisons using Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 
## 
## data:  kw.ps$median.8 and kw.ps$year.cat 
## 
##      2019
## 2020 1   
## 
## P value adjustment method: holm

Overall

No significant differences year-over-year.

# Significant.

kruskal.test(median.total ~ year.cat, data = pqays.n, subset = program.type == "Plus Sport")
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  median.total by year.cat
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 0.063759, df = 1, p-value = 0.8006
pairwise.wilcox.test(kw.ps$median.total, kw.ps$year.cat, paired = FALSE)
## Warning in wilcox.test.default(xi, xj, paired = paired, ...): cannot compute
## exact p-value with ties
## 
##  Pairwise comparisons using Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction 
## 
## data:  kw.ps$median.total and kw.ps$year.cat 
## 
##      2019
## 2020 0.81
## 
## P value adjustment method: holm