Chater Openning Questions

A manager needs to monitor:

  1. your vulnerability to recession
  2. employee wages
  3. strengths and weaknesses of national business industries
  4. cost benefit analysis

Summary

Managing through the Business Cycle

Steps Description
Assess vulnerability to the recession “How vulnerable is our company to recession or a slowdown in sales?” Assess the vulnerability in terms of magnitude and timing of slowdowns in sales using national data on the company’s industry.
Sketch out a contingency plan for dealing with a recession It’s an one or two page plan, which can lead a manager to build flexibility into the business.
Build flexibility to cut expenses

A company needs the flexibility to cut costs in difficult times. A manager can build flexibility in the business by considering the following areas.

  • relationships with vendors and customers
    • take-or-pay contracts
    • the goodwill piggy bank
    • a customer profitability analysis system
  • hiring
    • labor contracts
  • leasing real estate
  • capital spending
    • smaller modular investment in stages
  • financing
    • equity, bond, bank loans
    • paying a fee for a stand-by line of credit
    • make sure that the maturities are staggered with at least two years between maturities
    • commercial paper vs. bond
Develop an early warning system. In 1940, the Battle of Britain began as 2,400 Luftwaffe aircraft attacked England. The Royal Air Force had only 900 planes., yet they successfully defended their country from the Germans. They key to their success, was radar. The early warning system is “radar for business.”

The vunerability assessment

in order to gauge a company’s vulnerability you must look at the national data on a company’s industry. this will show how vulnerable a company is to recession or a slowdown or sales.

The contingency plan

good business managers will prepare a plan for a recession before a recession is even predicted. this will prepare for the inevitable and will identify weak areas in the business.

Building flexibility into the business

To help build flexibility into a Business business managers must make decisions I will overall improve the company in the future. They must see how much flexibility is being gained or lost during their decisions.

Summing Up

A company that learns in its contingency planning that it has limited options for cutting expenses may spend a year adding flexibility wherever it can.

Economic terms

Explan each of the following terms in your own words. The author explains the terms in the textbook. If necessary, you may also Google the term on the Web. Good resources include:

Explain the terms in your own words briefly.

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)

This is the standard classification for identifying a business category to search for industry data

Marginal Cost

The cost of producing goods, depending on how many units you produce. The cost added by producing one additional unit of a good.

Economies of Scale

Increase in savings of costs by improving your business and improving your production.

Capital Goods

Goods that are used in order to manufacture other goods for sale.

Equity

The value of shares offered by a company.

Bond

A bond represents a loan made by an investor to a borrower

Bank Loans

A loan Provided by a bank that provides interest for a certain period of time.

Line of Credit

The amount of credit extend to a borrower

Commercial Paper

Short term unsecure notes issued by companies.

Economic events

Describe the characteristics of the following events briefly.

The Jobs Bank Program of the American Autoindustry

The author uses this as an anecdotal example to explain the danger of inflexible labor contract. This business practice was used to explain how dangerous it is to have a inflexible labor contract. This program was created in 1984 by General Motors, in order to Help create more Flexibility in their labor rules to increase productivity. People were afraid that they would lose their jobs, but a agreement was reached that the company would end up paying full wages and benefits to workers who are not needed.

The Electric Utility Industry in the 1980s and 1990s

The author uses this as an anecdotal example to advocate for smaller modular investment in stages. During this time period There was a decline in demand in the electric utility industry. But as sales growth slowed, their company still had access of capital equipment. With a modular investment even in times of economic downturns you can hold capital spending and start back up again once the recession ends,

The Penn Central Railroad in 1970

The author uses this as an anecdotal example to advocate for borrowing with staggering maturities. During this time. There was a recession which ended up making this company go bankrupt. The reason for this is that the company had financed themselves with bonds instead of short term loans. This means the creditors were able to pull out fast, and stop financing the company which ended up forcing the company into bankruptcy.