1 Reading data

1.1 NFIP

1.2 Election data

1.3 Yale perception data

1.4 Disaster declaration data

1.5 ACS Data

1.6 Merge Data

2 Regression Setup

2.1 Variables

2.2 Non-SFHA Sample

2.3 SFHA Sample

3 Table 1

3.1 Panel A Descriptive Stats Non-SFHA

## 
## ===================================================================================================
## Statistic                       Mean       St. Dev.     Pctl(25)      Median      Pctl(75)     N   
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## policies_fraction              0.0446       0.0622       0.0162       0.0264       0.0467    16,735
## policies_fraction_pop          0.0203       0.0306       0.0069       0.0116       0.0208    16,735
## climatechangereal              0.6962       0.0581       0.6548       0.6976       0.7417    16,735
## worriedaboutclimatechange      0.5737       0.0677       0.5229       0.5744       0.6250    16,735
## climatechangeimpactpersonal    0.3971       0.0526       0.3552       0.3892       0.4382    16,735
## rep_gain                      -0.0315       0.1257      -0.1213      -0.0273       0.0502    16,709
## median_hh_income            76,102.1500  35,205.3100    51,957.5      67,108       91,174    16,735
## median_age                    40.6639       7.8075      35.3000      40.4000      45.2000    16,735
## white_frac                     0.7746       0.2113       0.6937       0.8431       0.9295    16,735
## college_frac                   0.2022       0.0563       0.1655       0.2042       0.2398    16,735
## total_population             5,212.9160   2,588.4100     3,570        4,801        6,334     16,735
## no_of_homes                  2,242.0080    999.3207     1,597.5       2,097        2,702     16,735
## owner_frac                     0.6768       0.1909       0.5633       0.7169       0.8236    16,735
## lr_cost                       230.7317     189.5796     139.4286     181.9048     232.2500   16,671
## median_house_age              53.1115      165.4379        28           38           50      16,735
## house_price                 270,985.5000 379,706.7000 122,354.0000 176,270.0000 285,151.6000 13,907
## prev_disaster                  0.4024       0.4904         0            0            1       16,735
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## 

3.2 Panel B Descriptive Stats SFHA

## 
## ===================================================================================================
## Statistic                       Mean       St. Dev.     Pctl(25)      Median      Pctl(75)     N   
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## policies_fraction              0.0969       0.1500       0.0174       0.0350       0.0999    18,642
## policies_fraction_pop          0.0525       0.1751       0.0076       0.0155       0.0447    18,642
## climatechangereal              0.6915       0.0597       0.6472       0.6928       0.7357    18,642
## worriedaboutclimatechange      0.5684       0.0686       0.5166       0.5609       0.6213    18,642
## climatechangeimpactpersonal    0.3922       0.0529       0.3497       0.3817       0.4270    18,642
## hr_cost                       867.3781     592.3778     384.3348     885.6000    1,240.0000  18,642
## median_hh_income            69,870.0600  29,901.2100    50,091.5      63,064      82,430.5   18,642
## house_price                 243,952.9000 343,146.2000 116,342.9000 164,115.1000 256,340.6000 15,007
## total_population             4,767.8330   2,386.1510    3,208.2       4,442        5,919     18,642
## no_of_homes                  2,118.1280    983.2881     1,479.2       1,985       2,584.8    18,642
## median_house_age              48.4091      119.1528        30           40           51      18,642
## median_age                    40.9458       8.0128      35.5000      40.7000      45.4000    18,642
## white_frac                     0.7814       0.2215       0.6994       0.8611       0.9424    18,642
## college_frac                   0.2032       0.0547       0.1676       0.2045       0.2393    18,642
## owner_frac                     0.6660       0.1924       0.5515       0.7080       0.8135    18,642
## contentscovered                0.3811       0.2352       0.1860       0.3445       0.5551    18,642
## maxdeductible5000              0.3370       0.2037       0.1749       0.3077       0.4737    18,642
## prev_disaster                  0.3877       0.4872         0            0            1       18,642
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## 

4 OLS - Non-SFHA

New: Added hapenning and personal variables, added mean connectedness to a flood event in a distant (another state) county

## 
## =========================================================
##                                (1)       (2)       (3)   
## ---------------------------------------------------------
## worriedaboutclimatechange    0.070**                     
##                              (0.033)                     
## climatechangereal                     0.102***           
##                                        (0.036)           
## climatechangeimpactpersonal                     0.216*** 
##                                                  (0.050) 
## log(median_hh_income)        0.013**    0.004    0.013** 
##                              (0.006)   (0.006)   (0.006) 
## log(median_age)              -0.001    0.022*    -0.001  
##                              (0.013)   (0.013)   (0.013) 
## log(white_frac)              0.019**  0.022***   0.019** 
##                              (0.008)   (0.008)   (0.008) 
## log(college_frac)           -0.019*** -0.032*** -0.019***
##                              (0.005)   (0.005)   (0.005) 
## log(total_population)       0.065***  0.100***  0.065*** 
##                              (0.013)   (0.014)   (0.013) 
## log(no_of_homes)            -0.352*** -0.325*** -0.350***
##                              (0.018)   (0.019)   (0.018) 
## log(owner_frac)             0.039***  0.050***  0.039*** 
##                              (0.010)   (0.011)   (0.010) 
## log(lr_cost)                0.013***   -0.006*  0.013*** 
##                              (0.004)   (0.004)   (0.004) 
## log(median_house_age)         0.001    -0.002     0.001  
##                              (0.001)   (0.002)   (0.001) 
## log(house_price)            -0.036*** 0.043***  -0.036***
##                              (0.009)   (0.007)   (0.009) 
## prev_disaster               0.013***  0.021***  0.013*** 
##                              (0.001)   (0.001)   (0.001) 
## log(flood_connectedness)     0.003*   0.022***   0.003*  
##                              (0.002)   (0.002)   (0.002) 
## Tract                           Y         Y         Y    
## State*Year                      Y         Y         Y    
## N                            100,422   100,422   100,422 
## Adjusted R2                   0.967     0.960     0.967  
## =========================================================

5 OLS - SFHA

## 
## ====================================================================================
##                                  Frac. with content             Max deductible      
##                                (1)       (2)       (3)      (4)      (5)      (6)   
## ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## worriedaboutclimatechange   0.252***                      -0.183**                  
##                              (0.096)                      (0.085)                   
## climatechangereal                      0.218**                      -0.047          
##                                        (0.101)                     (0.090)          
## climatechangeimpactpersonal                      0.319**                     -0.096 
##                                                  (0.147)                    (0.125) 
## log(median_hh_income)        -0.017    -0.017    -0.017   0.036*** 0.036*** 0.036***
##                              (0.014)   (0.014)   (0.014)  (0.012)  (0.012)  (0.012) 
## log(median_age)              -0.007    -0.007    -0.012    0.034    0.034    0.034  
##                              (0.031)   (0.031)   (0.032)  (0.029)  (0.029)  (0.029) 
## log(white_frac)               0.007     0.005     0.003    0.016    0.017    0.017  
##                              (0.017)   (0.017)   (0.017)  (0.016)  (0.016)  (0.016) 
## log(college_frac)             0.002     0.002     0.001    0.014    0.015    0.015  
##                              (0.013)   (0.013)   (0.013)  (0.011)  (0.011)  (0.011) 
## log(total_population)        -0.032    -0.033    -0.038    -0.038   -0.038   -0.038 
##                              (0.030)   (0.030)   (0.030)  (0.028)  (0.028)  (0.028) 
## log(no_of_homes)              0.068     0.069    0.073*    0.031    0.031    0.030  
##                              (0.044)   (0.044)   (0.044)  (0.039)  (0.039)  (0.039) 
## log(owner_frac)             -0.00003   -0.001    -0.001    -0.020   -0.019   -0.019 
##                              (0.025)   (0.025)   (0.025)  (0.019)  (0.019)  (0.019) 
## log(hr_cost)                -0.134*** -0.134*** -0.134*** 0.076*** 0.076*** 0.076***
##                              (0.011)   (0.011)   (0.011)  (0.010)  (0.010)  (0.010) 
## log(median_house_age)        -0.004    -0.004    -0.004   0.009**  0.009**  0.009** 
##                              (0.004)   (0.004)   (0.004)  (0.004)  (0.004)  (0.004) 
## log(house_price)             -0.025    -0.023    -0.021   0.082*** 0.080*** 0.080***
##                              (0.018)   (0.018)   (0.018)  (0.017)  (0.017)  (0.017) 
## prev_disaster               0.012***  0.012***  0.014***  -0.008** -0.008** -0.008**
##                              (0.004)   (0.004)   (0.004)  (0.003)  (0.003)  (0.003) 
## log(flood_connectedness)    0.017***  0.017***  0.014***  -0.012** -0.012** -0.012**
##                              (0.005)   (0.005)   (0.005)  (0.005)  (0.005)  (0.005) 
## Tract                           Y         Y         Y        Y        Y        Y    
## State*Year                      Y         Y         Y        Y        Y        Y    
## N                            107,139   107,139   107,139  107,139  107,139  107,139 
## Adjusted R2                   0.881     0.881     0.881    0.856    0.856    0.856  
## ====================================================================================

6 IV Regressions

6.1 First Stage - Non-SFHA

## 
## ======================================================
##                             (1)       (2)       (3)   
## ------------------------------------------------------
## rep_gain                                              
##                           (0.000)   (0.000)   (0.000) 
## post                                                  
##                           (0.000)   (0.000)   (0.000) 
## log(median_hh_income)    -0.002*** -0.002*** -0.001***
##                           (0.001)   (0.001)  (0.0004) 
## log(median_age)           -0.001     0.001    -0.001  
##                           (0.001)   (0.001)   (0.001) 
## log(white_frac)          -0.003***  -0.001    -0.001  
##                           (0.001)   (0.001)  (0.0005) 
## log(college_frac)        -0.003*** -0.002*** -0.001***
##                           (0.001)   (0.001)  (0.0004) 
## log(total_population)    -0.003***  0.002*   -0.004***
##                           (0.001)   (0.001)   (0.001) 
## log(no_of_homes)          -0.001    -0.001   -0.008***
##                           (0.002)   (0.002)   (0.001) 
## log(owner_frac)          -0.005*** -0.006*** -0.003***
##                           (0.001)   (0.001)   (0.001) 
## log(lr_cost)             -0.0005*  -0.001**  -0.00004 
##                          (0.0003)  (0.0003)  (0.0002) 
## log(median_house_age)     0.0002*   0.0001   0.0002***
##                          (0.0001)  (0.0001)  (0.0001) 
## log(house_price)         0.006***  -0.006***  -0.001  
##                           (0.001)   (0.001)   (0.001) 
## prev_disaster             0.0001   0.002***  -0.001***
##                          (0.0002)  (0.0001)  (0.0001) 
## log(flood_connectedness) -0.001*** -0.001***  -0.0002 
##                          (0.0003)  (0.0002)  (0.0002) 
## rep_gain:post            -0.081*** -0.050*** -0.060***
##                           (0.001)   (0.001)   (0.001) 
## Tract                        Y         Y         Y    
## State*Year                   Y         Y         Y    
## N                         100,265   100,265   100,265 
## Adjusted R2                0.963     0.956     0.974  
## ======================================================

6.2 First Stage - SFHA

## 
## =======================================================
##                             (1)       (2)       (3)    
## -------------------------------------------------------
## rep_gain                                               
##                           (0.000)   (0.000)   (0.000)  
## post                                                   
##                           (0.000)   (0.000)   (0.000)  
## log(median_hh_income)     -0.001*   -0.001*  -0.001*** 
##                           (0.001)   (0.001)   (0.0004) 
## log(median_age)           -0.001    -0.002*    0.001   
##                           (0.001)   (0.001)   (0.001)  
## log(white_frac)          -0.004*** -0.002*** -0.002*** 
##                           (0.001)   (0.001)   (0.0005) 
## log(college_frac)        -0.003*** -0.003***  -0.001*  
##                           (0.001)   (0.001)   (0.0004) 
## log(total_population)    -0.004***  -0.0002  -0.003*** 
##                           (0.001)   (0.001)   (0.001)  
## log(no_of_homes)          -0.0003  -0.005*** -0.007*** 
##                           (0.002)   (0.002)   (0.001)  
## log(owner_frac)          -0.006*** -0.006*** -0.005*** 
##                           (0.001)   (0.001)   (0.001)  
## log(lr_cost)             -0.001*** -0.002*** -0.001*** 
##                          (0.0002)  (0.0002)   (0.0001) 
## log(median_house_age)    -0.00005  0.0003**   0.0002*  
##                          (0.0001)  (0.0001)   (0.0001) 
## log(house_price)         0.010***  -0.002***  0.006*** 
##                           (0.001)   (0.001)   (0.001)  
## prev_disaster            0.001***  0.002***  -0.0004***
##                          (0.0002)  (0.0001)   (0.0001) 
## log(flood_connectedness) -0.001*** -0.001*** 0.0005*** 
##                          (0.0003)  (0.0002)   (0.0002) 
## rep_gain:post            -0.086*** -0.059*** -0.064*** 
##                           (0.001)   (0.001)   (0.001)  
## Tract                        Y         Y         Y     
## State*Year                   Y         Y         Y     
## N                         105,293   105,293   105,293  
## Adjusted R2                0.962     0.956     0.975   
## =======================================================

6.3 Second stage - Non-SFHA

## 
## ================================================================
##                                       (1)       (2)       (3)   
## ----------------------------------------------------------------
## log(median_hh_income)                0.015     0.012    0.015*  
##                                     (0.009)   (0.009)   (0.009) 
## log(median_age)                     -0.005    -0.004    -0.002  
##                                     (0.018)   (0.018)   (0.018) 
## log(white_frac)                     0.025**   0.024**   0.021*  
##                                     (0.012)   (0.012)   (0.012) 
## log(college_frac)                   -0.007    -0.008    -0.010  
##                                     (0.007)   (0.007)   (0.007) 
## log(total_population)              0.063***  0.062***  0.067*** 
##                                     (0.019)   (0.019)   (0.019) 
## log(no_of_homes)                   -0.351*** -0.344*** -0.330***
##                                     (0.028)   (0.028)   (0.028) 
## log(owner_frac)                    0.048***  0.046***  0.046*** 
##                                     (0.016)   (0.016)   (0.016) 
## log(lr_cost)                       0.015***  0.016***  0.014*** 
##                                     (0.005)   (0.005)   (0.005) 
## log(median_house_age)               -0.0001   -0.0002   -0.0003 
##                                     (0.002)   (0.002)   (0.002) 
## log(house_price)                   -0.063*** -0.066*** -0.048***
##                                     (0.014)   (0.014)   (0.014) 
## prev_disaster                      0.013***  0.011***  0.014*** 
##                                     (0.002)   (0.002)   (0.002) 
## log(flood_connectedness)           0.008***  0.009***  0.006*** 
##                                     (0.002)   (0.002)   (0.002) 
## `worriedaboutclimatechange(fit)`   2.087***                     
##                                     (0.178)                     
## `climatechangereal(fit)`                     2.375***           
##                                               (0.205)           
## `climatechangeimpactpersonal(fit)`                     2.819*** 
##                                                         (0.245) 
## Tract                                  Y         Y         Y    
## State*Year                             Y         Y         Y    
## N                                   100,265   100,265   100,265 
## Adjusted R2                          0.965     0.965     0.965  
## ================================================================

6.4 Second stage - SFHA

## 
## ==============================================================================================
##                                         Frac. with content              Max deductible        
##                                       (1)       (2)       (3)       (4)       (5)       (6)   
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## log(median_hh_income)               -0.009    -0.012    -0.009     0.018     0.019     0.018  
##                                     (0.011)   (0.011)   (0.011)   (0.017)   (0.017)   (0.017) 
## log(median_age)                     -0.024    -0.020    -0.041    0.082**   0.081**   0.090** 
##                                     (0.025)   (0.025)   (0.025)   (0.040)   (0.040)   (0.040) 
## log(white_frac)                      0.002    -0.002    -0.004    0.037*    0.039*    0.039*  
##                                     (0.013)   (0.014)   (0.013)   (0.022)   (0.022)   (0.022) 
## log(college_frac)                    0.010     0.007     0.003     0.021     0.022     0.024  
##                                     (0.010)   (0.010)   (0.010)   (0.016)   (0.016)   (0.016) 
## log(total_population)              -0.091*** -0.102*** -0.091***  0.088**   0.093**   0.088** 
##                                     (0.023)   (0.023)   (0.023)   (0.038)   (0.038)   (0.038) 
## log(no_of_homes)                   0.124***  0.145***  0.161***   -0.015    -0.024    -0.030  
##                                     (0.033)   (0.033)   (0.034)   (0.055)   (0.055)   (0.055) 
## log(owner_frac)                    0.055***  0.050***   0.048**  -0.067**  -0.065**  -0.064** 
##                                     (0.019)   (0.019)   (0.019)   (0.027)   (0.027)   (0.027) 
## log(hr_cost)                       -0.150*** -0.145*** -0.141*** 0.079***  0.077***  0.075*** 
##                                     (0.008)   (0.008)   (0.008)   (0.016)   (0.016)   (0.016) 
## log(median_house_age)              -0.008*** -0.008**  -0.009***   0.006     0.006     0.006  
##                                     (0.003)   (0.003)   (0.003)   (0.005)   (0.005)   (0.005) 
## log(house_price)                   -0.027**  -0.032*** -0.067*** 0.179***  0.182***  0.197*** 
##                                     (0.012)   (0.012)   (0.012)   (0.022)   (0.022)   (0.023) 
## prev_disaster                        0.002    -0.004   0.009***  0.011***  0.014***   0.009** 
##                                     (0.003)   (0.003)   (0.003)   (0.004)   (0.004)   (0.004) 
## log(flood_connectedness)           0.022***  0.021***  0.014***   -0.001    -0.0004    0.002  
##                                     (0.003)   (0.003)   (0.003)   (0.003)   (0.003)   (0.003) 
## `worriedaboutclimatechange(fit)`   4.531***                      -1.925***                    
##                                     (0.340)                       (0.440)                     
## `climatechangereal(fit)`                     4.594***                      -1.930***          
##                                               (0.342)                       (0.443)           
## `climatechangeimpactpersonal(fit)`                     5.461***                      -2.347***
##                                                         (0.415)                       (0.536) 
## Tract                                  Y         Y         Y         Y         Y         Y    
## State*Year                             Y         Y         Y         Y         Y         Y    
## N                                   106,925   106,925   106,925   106,925   106,925   106,925 
## Adjusted R2                          0.872     0.872     0.875     0.849     0.849     0.850  
## ==============================================================================================

7 Disaster interaction

Referee comment: I am mostly about understanding their role as an “interaction term”. So for a given level of an individual’s climate risk perceptions, do natural disasters in the area (or in the US) increase the take up rates? So think of it as an interaction term in Table 2 for example. Some data is available to test this

7.1 Non-SFHA

## 
## =======================================================================
##                                              (1)       (2)       (3)   
## -----------------------------------------------------------------------
## worriedaboutclimatechange                  0.057*                      
##                                            (0.033)                     
## climatechangereal                                     0.029            
##                                                      (0.037)           
## climatechangeimpactpersonal                                   0.160*** 
##                                                                (0.051) 
## prev_disaster                              -0.002    -0.006   -0.024***
##                                            (0.010)   (0.013)   (0.009) 
## log(median_hh_income)                      0.013**   0.013**   0.013** 
##                                            (0.006)   (0.006)   (0.006) 
## log(median_age)                            -0.001    -0.001    -0.001  
##                                            (0.013)   (0.013)   (0.013) 
## log(white_frac)                            0.019**   0.019**   0.019** 
##                                            (0.008)   (0.008)   (0.008) 
## log(college_frac)                         -0.019*** -0.019*** -0.018***
##                                            (0.005)   (0.005)   (0.005) 
## log(total_population)                     0.065***  0.065***  0.065*** 
##                                            (0.013)   (0.013)   (0.013) 
## log(no_of_homes)                          -0.352*** -0.351*** -0.349***
##                                            (0.018)   (0.018)   (0.018) 
## log(owner_frac)                           0.039***  0.038***  0.039*** 
##                                            (0.010)   (0.010)   (0.010) 
## log(lr_cost)                              0.013***  0.013***  0.013*** 
##                                            (0.004)   (0.004)   (0.004) 
## log(median_house_age)                       0.001     0.001     0.001  
##                                            (0.001)   (0.001)   (0.001) 
## log(house_price)                          -0.036*** -0.035*** -0.036***
##                                            (0.009)   (0.009)   (0.009) 
## log(flood_connectedness)                   0.003*    0.003*    0.003*  
##                                            (0.002)   (0.002)   (0.002) 
## worriedaboutclimatechange:prev_disaster     0.027                      
##                                            (0.018)                     
## climatechangereal:prev_disaster                       0.028            
##                                                      (0.019)           
## climatechangeimpactpersonal:prev_disaster                     0.097*** 
##                                                                (0.023) 
## Tract                                         Y         Y         Y    
## State*Year                                    Y         Y         Y    
## N                                          100,422   100,422   100,422 
## Adjusted R2                                 0.967     0.967     0.967  
## =======================================================================
## 
## ====================================================================
##                                           (1)       (2)       (3)   
## --------------------------------------------------------------------
## worriedaboutclimatechange               0.060*                      
##                                         (0.033)                     
## climatechangereal                                  0.032            
##                                                   (0.036)           
## climatechangeimpactpersonal                                0.199*** 
##                                                             (0.050) 
## disaster_1                              -0.014   -0.026**   -0.012  
##                                         (0.010)   (0.013)   (0.009) 
## log(median_hh_income)                   0.013**   0.013**   0.013** 
##                                         (0.006)   (0.006)   (0.006) 
## log(median_age)                         -0.001    -0.001    -0.001  
##                                         (0.013)   (0.013)   (0.013) 
## log(white_frac)                         0.019**   0.019**   0.019** 
##                                         (0.008)   (0.008)   (0.008) 
## log(college_frac)                      -0.019*** -0.019*** -0.019***
##                                         (0.005)   (0.005)   (0.005) 
## log(total_population)                  0.065***  0.065***  0.065*** 
##                                         (0.013)   (0.013)   (0.013) 
## log(no_of_homes)                       -0.351*** -0.351*** -0.350***
##                                         (0.018)   (0.018)   (0.018) 
## log(owner_frac)                        0.039***  0.039***  0.039*** 
##                                         (0.010)   (0.010)   (0.010) 
## log(lr_cost)                           0.013***  0.013***  0.013*** 
##                                         (0.004)   (0.004)   (0.004) 
## log(median_house_age)                    0.001     0.001     0.001  
##                                         (0.001)   (0.001)   (0.001) 
## log(house_price)                       -0.035*** -0.035*** -0.035***
##                                         (0.009)   (0.009)   (0.009) 
## prev_disaster                          0.009***  0.009***  0.009*** 
##                                         (0.001)   (0.001)   (0.001) 
## log(flood_connectedness)                0.003*    0.003*    0.003*  
##                                         (0.002)   (0.002)   (0.002) 
## worriedaboutclimatechange:disaster_1    0.043**                     
##                                         (0.017)                     
## climatechangereal:disaster_1                     0.054***           
##                                                   (0.019)           
## climatechangeimpactpersonal:disaster_1                      0.057** 
##                                                             (0.023) 
## Tract                                      Y         Y         Y    
## State*Year                                 Y         Y         Y    
## N                                       100,422   100,422   100,422 
## Adjusted R2                              0.967     0.967     0.967  
## ====================================================================

7.2 SFHA

Referee comment: I am mostly about understanding their role as an “interaction term”. So for a given level of an individual’s climate risk perceptions, do natural disasters in the area (or in the US) increase the take up rates? So think of it as an interaction term in Table 2 for example. Some data is available to test this

## 
## ==================================================================================================
##                                                Frac. with content             Max deductible      
##                                              (1)       (2)       (3)      (4)      (5)      (6)   
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## worriedaboutclimatechange                 0.263***                       -0.184                   
##                                            (0.098)                      (0.114)                   
## climatechangereal                                    0.209**                      -0.010          
##                                                      (0.105)                     (0.125)          
## climatechangeimpactpersonal                                    0.326**                     -0.095 
##                                                                (0.149)                    (0.176) 
## prev_disaster                               0.028    -0.0001    0.021    -0.009   0.044    -0.007 
##                                            (0.029)   (0.035)   (0.024)  (0.030)  (0.037)  (0.027) 
## log(median_hh_income)                      -0.017    -0.017    -0.017   0.036**  0.036**  0.036** 
##                                            (0.014)   (0.014)   (0.014)  (0.016)  (0.016)  (0.016) 
## log(median_age)                            -0.007    -0.007    -0.012    0.034    0.034    0.034  
##                                            (0.031)   (0.031)   (0.032)  (0.039)  (0.039)  (0.039) 
## log(white_frac)                             0.006     0.006     0.003    0.016    0.017    0.017  
##                                            (0.017)   (0.017)   (0.017)  (0.020)  (0.020)  (0.020) 
## log(college_frac)                           0.002     0.002     0.001    0.014    0.015    0.015  
##                                            (0.013)   (0.013)   (0.013)  (0.015)  (0.015)  (0.015) 
## log(total_population)                      -0.032    -0.033    -0.038    -0.038   -0.039   -0.038 
##                                            (0.030)   (0.030)   (0.030)  (0.037)  (0.037)  (0.037) 
## log(no_of_homes)                            0.068     0.069    0.073*    0.030    0.031    0.030  
##                                            (0.044)   (0.044)   (0.044)  (0.053)  (0.053)  (0.053) 
## log(owner_frac)                            0.00004   -0.002    -0.001    -0.020   -0.019   -0.019 
##                                            (0.025)   (0.025)   (0.025)  (0.026)  (0.026)  (0.026) 
## log(hr_cost)                              -0.134*** -0.134*** -0.134*** 0.076*** 0.076*** 0.076***
##                                            (0.011)   (0.011)   (0.011)  (0.015)  (0.015)  (0.015) 
## log(median_house_age)                      -0.004    -0.004    -0.004   0.009**  0.009**  0.009** 
##                                            (0.004)   (0.004)   (0.004)  (0.005)  (0.005)  (0.005) 
## log(house_price)                           -0.025    -0.023    -0.021   0.082*** 0.080*** 0.080***
##                                            (0.018)   (0.018)   (0.018)  (0.024)  (0.024)  (0.024) 
## log(flood_connectedness)                  0.017***  0.017***  0.014***  -0.012** -0.012** -0.012**
##                                            (0.005)   (0.005)   (0.005)  (0.005)  (0.005)  (0.005) 
## worriedaboutclimatechange:prev_disaster    -0.029                        0.003                    
##                                            (0.050)                      (0.053)                   
## climatechangereal:prev_disaster                       0.018                       -0.078          
##                                                      (0.052)                     (0.054)          
## climatechangeimpactpersonal:prev_disaster                      -0.020                      -0.002 
##                                                                (0.063)                    (0.070) 
## Tract                                         Y         Y         Y        Y        Y        Y    
## State*Year                                    Y         Y         Y        Y        Y        Y    
## N                                          107,139   107,139   107,139  107,139  107,139  107,139 
## Adjusted R2                                 0.881     0.881     0.881    0.856    0.856    0.856  
## ==================================================================================================
## 
## ===============================================================================================
##                                             Frac. with content             Max deductible      
##                                           (1)       (2)       (3)      (4)      (5)      (6)   
## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## worriedaboutclimatechange              0.255***                      -0.190*                   
##                                         (0.096)                      (0.114)                   
## climatechangereal                                 0.212**                      -0.042          
##                                                   (0.101)                     (0.124)          
## climatechangeimpactpersonal                                 0.318**                     -0.103 
##                                                             (0.147)                    (0.175) 
## disaster_1                              -0.003    -0.037    -0.011    -0.025   0.018    -0.017 
##                                         (0.023)   (0.030)   (0.020)  (0.026)  (0.033)  (0.023) 
## log(median_hh_income)                   -0.017    -0.017    -0.017   0.036**  0.036**  0.036** 
##                                         (0.014)   (0.014)   (0.014)  (0.016)  (0.016)  (0.016) 
## log(median_age)                         -0.007    -0.007    -0.012    0.034    0.034    0.034  
##                                         (0.031)   (0.031)   (0.032)  (0.039)  (0.039)  (0.039) 
## log(white_frac)                          0.007     0.006     0.003    0.016    0.017    0.017  
##                                         (0.017)   (0.017)   (0.017)  (0.020)  (0.020)  (0.020) 
## log(college_frac)                        0.002     0.002     0.001    0.014    0.015    0.015  
##                                         (0.013)   (0.013)   (0.013)  (0.015)  (0.015)  (0.015) 
## log(total_population)                   -0.032    -0.033    -0.038    -0.038   -0.038   -0.038 
##                                         (0.030)   (0.030)   (0.030)  (0.037)  (0.037)  (0.037) 
## log(no_of_homes)                         0.068     0.069    0.073*    0.030    0.031    0.030  
##                                         (0.044)   (0.044)   (0.044)  (0.053)  (0.053)  (0.053) 
## log(owner_frac)                         -0.0001   -0.002    -0.001    -0.020   -0.019   -0.019 
##                                         (0.025)   (0.025)   (0.025)  (0.026)  (0.026)  (0.026) 
## log(hr_cost)                           -0.134*** -0.134*** -0.134*** 0.076*** 0.076*** 0.076***
##                                         (0.011)   (0.011)   (0.011)  (0.015)  (0.015)  (0.015) 
## log(median_house_age)                   -0.004    -0.004    -0.004   0.009**  0.009**  0.009** 
##                                         (0.004)   (0.004)   (0.004)  (0.005)  (0.005)  (0.005) 
## log(house_price)                        -0.026    -0.023    -0.021   0.082*** 0.080*** 0.080***
##                                         (0.018)   (0.018)   (0.018)  (0.024)  (0.024)  (0.024) 
## prev_disaster                          0.014***  0.013***  0.016***  -0.008*  -0.008*  -0.008* 
##                                         (0.004)   (0.004)   (0.004)  (0.004)  (0.004)  (0.004) 
## log(flood_connectedness)               0.017***  0.016***  0.013***  -0.012** -0.012** -0.012**
##                                         (0.005)   (0.005)   (0.005)  (0.005)  (0.005)  (0.005) 
## worriedaboutclimatechange:disaster_1    -0.005                        0.046                    
##                                         (0.041)                      (0.046)                   
## climatechangereal:disaster_1                       0.050                       -0.028          
##                                                   (0.044)                     (0.049)          
## climatechangeimpactpersonal:disaster_1                       0.011                      0.046  
##                                                             (0.053)                    (0.062) 
## Tract                                      Y         Y         Y        Y        Y        Y    
## State*Year                                 Y         Y         Y        Y        Y        Y    
## N                                       107,139   107,139   107,139  107,139  107,139  107,139 
## Adjusted R2                              0.881     0.881     0.881    0.856    0.856    0.856  
## ===============================================================================================

8 Flood Connectedness interaction

8.1 Non-SFHA

## 
## ====================================================================
##                                           (1)       (2)       (3)   
## --------------------------------------------------------------------
## worriedaboutclimatechange               0.076**                     
##                                         (0.033)                     
## climatechangereal                                  0.052            
##                                                   (0.036)           
## climatechangeimpactpersonal                                0.222*** 
##                                                             (0.050) 
## log(flood_connectedness)               -0.008*** -0.008*** -0.008***
##                                         (0.002)   (0.002)   (0.002) 
## prev_disaster                          -0.124*** -0.124*** -0.125***
##                                         (0.017)   (0.017)   (0.017) 
## log(median_hh_income)                   0.013**   0.013**   0.013** 
##                                         (0.006)   (0.006)   (0.006) 
## log(median_age)                         -0.001    -0.001    -0.001  
##                                         (0.013)   (0.013)   (0.013) 
## log(white_frac)                         0.019**   0.019**   0.019** 
##                                         (0.008)   (0.008)   (0.008) 
## log(college_frac)                      -0.019*** -0.019*** -0.018***
##                                         (0.005)   (0.005)   (0.005) 
## log(total_population)                  0.065***  0.065***  0.065*** 
##                                         (0.013)   (0.013)   (0.013) 
## log(no_of_homes)                       -0.351*** -0.351*** -0.349***
##                                         (0.018)   (0.018)   (0.018) 
## log(owner_frac)                        0.038***  0.038***  0.038*** 
##                                         (0.010)   (0.010)   (0.010) 
## log(lr_cost)                           0.013***  0.013***  0.013*** 
##                                         (0.004)   (0.004)   (0.004) 
## log(median_house_age)                    0.001     0.001     0.001  
##                                         (0.001)   (0.001)   (0.001) 
## log(house_price)                       -0.034*** -0.034*** -0.034***
##                                         (0.009)   (0.009)   (0.009) 
## log(flood_connectedness):prev_disaster 0.018***  0.018***  0.018*** 
##                                         (0.002)   (0.002)   (0.002) 
## Tract                                      Y         Y         Y    
## State*Year                                 Y         Y         Y    
## N                                       100,422   100,422   100,422 
## Adjusted R2                              0.967     0.967     0.967  
## ====================================================================
## 
## =================================================================
##                                        (1)       (2)       (3)   
## -----------------------------------------------------------------
## worriedaboutclimatechange            0.073**                     
##                                      (0.033)                     
## climatechangereal                               0.045            
##                                                (0.036)           
## climatechangeimpactpersonal                             0.214*** 
##                                                          (0.050) 
## log(flood_connectedness)             -0.002    -0.002    -0.001  
##                                      (0.002)   (0.002)   (0.002) 
## disaster_1                          -0.158*** -0.158*** -0.158***
##                                      (0.019)   (0.019)   (0.019) 
## log(median_hh_income)                0.013**   0.013**   0.013** 
##                                      (0.006)   (0.006)   (0.006) 
## log(median_age)                      -0.001    -0.001    -0.001  
##                                      (0.013)   (0.013)   (0.013) 
## log(white_frac)                      0.019**   0.019**   0.019** 
##                                      (0.008)   (0.008)   (0.008) 
## log(college_frac)                   -0.019*** -0.019*** -0.019***
##                                      (0.005)   (0.005)   (0.005) 
## log(total_population)               0.065***  0.065***  0.065*** 
##                                      (0.013)   (0.013)   (0.013) 
## log(no_of_homes)                    -0.351*** -0.351*** -0.349***
##                                      (0.018)   (0.018)   (0.018) 
## log(owner_frac)                     0.039***  0.039***  0.039*** 
##                                      (0.010)   (0.010)   (0.010) 
## log(lr_cost)                        0.013***  0.013***  0.013*** 
##                                      (0.004)   (0.004)   (0.004) 
## log(median_house_age)                 0.001     0.001     0.001  
##                                      (0.001)   (0.001)   (0.001) 
## log(house_price)                    -0.035*** -0.035*** -0.035***
##                                      (0.009)   (0.009)   (0.009) 
## prev_disaster                       0.010***  0.010***  0.010*** 
##                                      (0.001)   (0.001)   (0.001) 
## log(flood_connectedness):disaster_1 0.021***  0.021***  0.021*** 
##                                      (0.002)   (0.002)   (0.002) 
## Tract                                   Y         Y         Y    
## State*Year                              Y         Y         Y    
## N                                    100,422   100,422   100,422 
## Adjusted R2                           0.967     0.967     0.967  
## =================================================================

8.2 SFHA

Referee comment: I am mostly about understanding their role as an “interaction term”. So for a given level of an individual’s climate risk perceptions, do natural disasters in the area (or in the US) increase the take up rates? So think of it as an interaction term in Table 2 for example. Some data is available to test this

## 
## ==================================================================================================
##                                             Frac. with content              Max deductible        
##                                           (1)       (2)       (3)       (4)       (5)       (6)   
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## worriedaboutclimatechange              0.256***                       -0.188*                     
##                                         (0.096)                       (0.114)                     
## climatechangereal                                 0.224**                       -0.055            
##                                                   (0.101)                       (0.124)           
## climatechangeimpactpersonal                                 0.330**                       -0.108  
##                                                             (0.147)                       (0.176) 
## log(flood_connectedness)                 0.004     0.004    -0.001     0.004     0.004     0.004  
##                                         (0.006)   (0.006)   (0.006)   (0.006)   (0.006)   (0.006) 
## prev_disaster                          -0.152*** -0.147*** -0.168*** 0.188***  0.187***  0.187*** 
##                                         (0.048)   (0.048)   (0.048)   (0.047)   (0.047)   (0.047) 
## log(median_hh_income)                   -0.017    -0.017    -0.017    0.036**   0.036**   0.036** 
##                                         (0.014)   (0.014)   (0.014)   (0.016)   (0.016)   (0.016) 
## log(median_age)                         -0.007    -0.007    -0.011     0.034     0.034     0.034  
##                                         (0.031)   (0.031)   (0.032)   (0.039)   (0.039)   (0.039) 
## log(white_frac)                          0.006     0.005     0.002     0.017     0.017     0.017  
##                                         (0.017)   (0.017)   (0.017)   (0.020)   (0.020)   (0.020) 
## log(college_frac)                        0.002     0.002     0.001     0.014     0.015     0.015  
##                                         (0.013)   (0.013)   (0.013)   (0.015)   (0.015)   (0.015) 
## log(total_population)                   -0.032    -0.033    -0.038    -0.038    -0.038    -0.038  
##                                         (0.030)   (0.030)   (0.030)   (0.037)   (0.037)   (0.037) 
## log(no_of_homes)                         0.068     0.070    0.074*     0.030     0.030     0.029  
##                                         (0.044)   (0.044)   (0.044)   (0.053)   (0.053)   (0.053) 
## log(owner_frac)                         -0.0001   -0.002    -0.001    -0.019    -0.019    -0.019  
##                                         (0.025)   (0.025)   (0.025)   (0.026)   (0.026)   (0.026) 
## log(hr_cost)                           -0.134*** -0.134*** -0.134*** 0.076***  0.076***  0.076*** 
##                                         (0.011)   (0.011)   (0.011)   (0.015)   (0.015)   (0.015) 
## log(median_house_age)                   -0.004    -0.004    -0.004    0.009**   0.009*    0.009** 
##                                         (0.004)   (0.004)   (0.004)   (0.005)   (0.005)   (0.005) 
## log(house_price)                        -0.024    -0.022    -0.020   0.081***  0.078***  0.079*** 
##                                         (0.018)   (0.018)   (0.018)   (0.024)   (0.024)   (0.024) 
## log(flood_connectedness):prev_disaster 0.021***  0.020***  0.023***  -0.025*** -0.025*** -0.025***
##                                         (0.006)   (0.006)   (0.006)   (0.006)   (0.006)   (0.006) 
## Tract                                      Y         Y         Y         Y         Y         Y    
## State*Year                                 Y         Y         Y         Y         Y         Y    
## N                                       107,139   107,139   107,139   107,139   107,139   107,139 
## Adjusted R2                              0.881     0.881     0.881     0.856     0.856     0.856  
## ==================================================================================================
## 
## ============================================================================================
##                                          Frac. with content             Max deductible      
##                                        (1)       (2)       (3)      (4)      (5)      (6)   
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## worriedaboutclimatechange           0.255***                       -0.185                   
##                                      (0.096)                      (0.114)                   
## climatechangereal                              0.221**                      -0.049          
##                                                (0.101)                     (0.124)          
## climatechangeimpactpersonal                              0.321**                     -0.097 
##                                                          (0.147)                    (0.176) 
## log(flood_connectedness)            0.015***  0.014***   0.011**  -0.008*  -0.008*   -0.008 
##                                      (0.005)   (0.005)   (0.005)  (0.005)  (0.005)  (0.005) 
## disaster_1                           -0.084*   -0.074   -0.109**  0.128**  0.127**  0.127** 
##                                      (0.049)   (0.049)   (0.050)  (0.053)  (0.053)  (0.053) 
## log(median_hh_income)                -0.017    -0.017    -0.017   0.036**  0.036**  0.036** 
##                                      (0.014)   (0.014)   (0.014)  (0.016)  (0.016)  (0.016) 
## log(median_age)                      -0.007    -0.007    -0.012    0.034    0.034    0.034  
##                                      (0.031)   (0.031)   (0.032)  (0.039)  (0.039)  (0.039) 
## log(white_frac)                       0.007     0.005     0.003    0.016    0.017    0.017  
##                                      (0.017)   (0.017)   (0.017)  (0.020)  (0.020)  (0.020) 
## log(college_frac)                     0.003     0.002     0.001    0.014    0.015    0.015  
##                                      (0.013)   (0.013)   (0.013)  (0.015)  (0.015)  (0.015) 
## log(total_population)                -0.032    -0.033    -0.038    -0.038   -0.038   -0.038 
##                                      (0.030)   (0.030)   (0.030)  (0.037)  (0.037)  (0.037) 
## log(no_of_homes)                      0.068     0.069    0.073*    0.031    0.031    0.030  
##                                      (0.044)   (0.044)   (0.044)  (0.053)  (0.053)  (0.053) 
## log(owner_frac)                      -0.0001   -0.002    -0.001    -0.019   -0.019   -0.019 
##                                      (0.025)   (0.025)   (0.025)  (0.026)  (0.026)  (0.026) 
## log(hr_cost)                        -0.134*** -0.134*** -0.134*** 0.076*** 0.076*** 0.076***
##                                      (0.011)   (0.011)   (0.011)  (0.015)  (0.015)  (0.015) 
## log(median_house_age)                -0.004    -0.004    -0.004   0.009**  0.009**  0.009** 
##                                      (0.004)   (0.004)   (0.004)  (0.005)  (0.005)  (0.005) 
## log(house_price)                     -0.026    -0.023    -0.021   0.082*** 0.080*** 0.080***
##                                      (0.018)   (0.018)   (0.018)  (0.024)  (0.024)  (0.024) 
## prev_disaster                       0.014***  0.014***  0.017***  -0.009*  -0.009*  -0.009* 
##                                      (0.004)   (0.004)   (0.004)  (0.004)  (0.004)  (0.004) 
## log(flood_connectedness):disaster_1   0.010     0.009    0.013**  -0.016** -0.016** -0.016**
##                                      (0.006)   (0.006)   (0.006)  (0.007)  (0.007)  (0.007) 
## Tract                                   Y         Y         Y        Y        Y        Y    
## State*Year                              Y         Y         Y        Y        Y        Y    
## N                                    107,139   107,139   107,139  107,139  107,139  107,139 
## Adjusted R2                           0.881     0.881     0.881    0.856    0.856    0.856  
## ============================================================================================

9 State adaptation plans

9.1 Non-SFHA

## 
## =========================================================
##                                (1)       (2)       (3)   
## ---------------------------------------------------------
## worriedaboutclimatechange     0.025                      
##                              (0.033)                     
## climatechangereal                     0.101***           
##                                        (0.036)           
## climatechangeimpactpersonal                     0.700*** 
##                                                  (0.050) 
## state_adaptation_plan        -0.012    -0.012    -0.007  
##                              (0.010)   (0.010)   (0.010) 
## log(median_hh_income)         0.004     0.004     0.004  
##                              (0.006)   (0.006)   (0.006) 
## log(median_age)              0.023*    0.022*    0.022*  
##                              (0.013)   (0.013)   (0.013) 
## log(white_frac)             0.021***  0.022***  0.022*** 
##                              (0.008)   (0.008)   (0.008) 
## log(college_frac)           -0.032*** -0.032*** -0.029***
##                              (0.005)   (0.005)   (0.005) 
## log(total_population)       0.100***  0.100***  0.100*** 
##                              (0.014)   (0.014)   (0.014) 
## log(no_of_homes)            -0.325*** -0.325*** -0.322***
##                              (0.019)   (0.019)   (0.019) 
## log(owner_frac)             0.050***  0.050***  0.050*** 
##                              (0.011)   (0.011)   (0.011) 
## log(lr_cost)                 -0.006*   -0.006*   -0.006  
##                              (0.004)   (0.004)   (0.004) 
## log(median_house_age)        -0.002    -0.002    -0.002  
##                              (0.002)   (0.002)   (0.002) 
## log(house_price)            0.043***  0.043***  0.041*** 
##                              (0.007)   (0.007)   (0.007) 
## prev_disaster               0.022***  0.021***  0.021*** 
##                              (0.001)   (0.001)   (0.001) 
## log(flood_connectedness)    0.022***  0.022***  0.021*** 
##                              (0.002)   (0.002)   (0.002) 
## Tract                           Y         Y         Y    
## Year                            Y         Y         Y    
## N                            100,422   100,422   100,422 
## Adjusted R2                   0.960     0.960     0.960  
## =========================================================

9.2 SFHA

## 
## =======================================================================================
##                                  Frac. with content              Max deductible        
##                                (1)       (2)       (3)       (4)       (5)       (6)   
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## worriedaboutclimatechange     0.151                        -0.016                      
##                              (0.093)                       (0.081)                     
## climatechangereal                       0.058                       0.421***           
##                                        (0.097)                       (0.084)           
## climatechangeimpactpersonal                     0.669***                      -0.337***
##                                                  (0.141)                       (0.120) 
## state_adaptation_plan         0.011     0.009     0.024     0.008     0.012     0.005  
##                              (0.032)   (0.033)   (0.033)   (0.029)   (0.029)   (0.029) 
## log(median_hh_income)        -0.013    -0.013    -0.013     0.018     0.019     0.018  
##                              (0.014)   (0.014)   (0.014)   (0.012)   (0.012)   (0.012) 
## log(median_age)              -0.022    -0.021    -0.024   0.080***  0.080***  0.082*** 
##                              (0.032)   (0.032)   (0.032)   (0.029)   (0.029)   (0.029) 
## log(white_frac)              -0.012    -0.013    -0.014   0.043***  0.044***   0.042** 
##                              (0.017)   (0.017)   (0.018)   (0.016)   (0.016)   (0.016) 
## log(college_frac)            -0.009    -0.010    -0.008    0.030**  0.031***   0.029** 
##                              (0.014)   (0.014)   (0.014)   (0.012)   (0.012)   (0.012) 
## log(total_population)       -0.081*** -0.080*** -0.083*** 0.085***  0.083***  0.085*** 
##                              (0.030)   (0.030)   (0.031)   (0.028)   (0.028)   (0.028) 
## log(no_of_homes)            0.126***  0.127***  0.132***   -0.019    -0.018    -0.022  
##                              (0.044)   (0.044)   (0.045)   (0.039)   (0.039)   (0.039) 
## log(owner_frac)               0.029     0.027     0.030   -0.055*** -0.053*** -0.056***
##                              (0.025)   (0.025)   (0.025)   (0.020)   (0.020)   (0.020) 
## log(hr_cost)                -0.153*** -0.153*** -0.151*** 0.080***  0.081***  0.079*** 
##                              (0.011)   (0.011)   (0.011)   (0.010)   (0.010)   (0.010) 
## log(median_house_age)        -0.007*   -0.007*   -0.008*    0.006     0.006     0.006  
##                              (0.004)   (0.004)   (0.004)   (0.004)   (0.004)   (0.004) 
## log(house_price)             -0.014    -0.010    -0.018   0.176***  0.174***  0.179*** 
##                              (0.016)   (0.016)   (0.016)   (0.015)   (0.015)   (0.015) 
## prev_disaster               0.009***  0.010***  0.011***  0.008***   0.007**  0.008*** 
##                              (0.003)   (0.003)   (0.003)   (0.003)   (0.003)   (0.003) 
## log(flood_connectedness)    0.018***  0.018***  0.016***    0.001     0.001     0.001  
##                              (0.003)   (0.003)   (0.003)   (0.003)   (0.003)   (0.003) 
## Tract                           Y         Y         Y         Y         Y         Y    
## Year                            Y         Y         Y         Y         Y         Y    
## N                            107,139   107,139   107,139   107,139   107,139   107,139 
## Adjusted R2                   0.878     0.878     0.878     0.850     0.850     0.850  
## =======================================================================================