Packages installation

my_packages <- c("tidyverse", "broom", "coefplot", "cowplot",
"gapminder", "GGally", "ggrepel", "ggridges", "gridExtra",
"here", "interplot", "margins", "maps", "mapproj",
"mapdata", "MASS", "quantreg", "rlang", "scales",
"survey", "srvyr", "viridis", "viridisLite", "devtools")
install.packages(my_packages, repos = "http://cran.rstudio.com")
## Installing packages into 'C:/Users/trinu/AppData/Local/R/win-library/4.2'
## (as 'lib' is unspecified)
## 
##   There is a binary version available but the source version is later:
##       binary source needs_compilation
## rlang  1.0.5  1.0.6              TRUE
## 
##   Binaries will be installed
## package 'tidyverse' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## package 'broom' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## package 'coefplot' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## package 'cowplot' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## package 'gapminder' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## package 'GGally' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## package 'ggrepel' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## package 'ggridges' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## package 'gridExtra' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## package 'here' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## package 'interplot' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## package 'margins' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## package 'maps' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## package 'mapproj' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## package 'mapdata' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## package 'MASS' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## package 'quantreg' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## package 'rlang' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## Warning: cannot remove prior installation of package 'rlang'
## Warning in file.copy(savedcopy, lib, recursive = TRUE): problem copying C:
## \Users\trinu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\00LOCK\rlang\libs\x64\rlang.dll
## to C:\Users\trinu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\rlang\libs\x64\rlang.dll:
## Permission denied
## Warning: restored 'rlang'
## package 'scales' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## package 'survey' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## package 'srvyr' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## package 'viridis' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## package 'viridisLite' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## package 'devtools' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## 
## The downloaded binary packages are in
##  C:\Users\trinu\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpWoe63R\downloaded_packages
library("socviz")
## Warning: package 'socviz' was built under R version 4.2.1
library("tidyverse")
## Warning: package 'tidyverse' was built under R version 4.2.1
## ── Attaching packages
## ───────────────────────────────────────
## tidyverse 1.3.2 ──
## ✔ ggplot2 3.3.6     ✔ purrr   0.3.4
## ✔ tibble  3.1.7     ✔ dplyr   1.0.9
## ✔ tidyr   1.2.0     ✔ stringr 1.4.0
## ✔ readr   2.1.2     ✔ forcats 0.5.1
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()

Vector of the names

vector of names and displaying them
vector_names <- c("Shweta", "Nandini", "Shruthi", "Maitreyi")
vector_names
## [1] "Shweta"   "Nandini"  "Shruthi"  "Maitreyi"

Vector of numbers

vector of names and displaying them
vector_numbers <- c(5,16,7,9)
vector_numbers
## [1]  5 16  7  9
mean of vector numbers
mean_numbers <- mean(vector_numbers)
mean_numbers
## [1] 9.25

Assigning the results of a function to an object and displaying the object

 square_fun <- function(i){
                  x1 <- i^2
                  print(x1)
                }
square <-square_fun(5)
## [1] 25
square
## [1] 25

Determining the class of vector

 vector_class <- class(vector_numbers)
 vector_class
## [1] "numeric"

Changing the class of vector to character

 new_vector <- c(vector_numbers,"Hello")
 new_vector
## [1] "5"     "16"    "7"     "9"     "Hello"
 new_vector_class <- class(new_vector)
 new_vector_class
## [1] "character"

Titanic Dataframe

 titanic
##       fate    sex    n percent
## 1 perished   male 1364    62.0
## 2 perished female  126     5.7
## 3 survived   male  367    16.7
## 4 survived female  344    15.6

Class of titanic dataframe

titanic_class <- class(titanic)
titanic_class
## [1] "data.frame"

Covertic titanic data frame to tibble

titanic_tb <- as_tibble(titanic)
titanic_tb
## # A tibble: 4 × 4
##   fate     sex        n percent
##   <fct>    <fct>  <dbl>   <dbl>
## 1 perished male    1364    62  
## 2 perished female   126     5.7
## 3 survived male     367    16.7
## 4 survived female   344    15.6

Structure of an Object

structure <- str(vector_numbers)
##  num [1:4] 5 16 7 9
struture_name <- str(vector_names)
##  chr [1:4] "Shweta" "Nandini" "Shruthi" "Maitreyi"

Structure of mpg dataframe

structure_mpg <- str(mpg)
## tibble [234 × 11] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
##  $ manufacturer: chr [1:234] "audi" "audi" "audi" "audi" ...
##  $ model       : chr [1:234] "a4" "a4" "a4" "a4" ...
##  $ displ       : num [1:234] 1.8 1.8 2 2 2.8 2.8 3.1 1.8 1.8 2 ...
##  $ year        : int [1:234] 1999 1999 2008 2008 1999 1999 2008 1999 1999 2008 ...
##  $ cyl         : int [1:234] 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 4 4 4 ...
##  $ trans       : chr [1:234] "auto(l5)" "manual(m5)" "manual(m6)" "auto(av)" ...
##  $ drv         : chr [1:234] "f" "f" "f" "f" ...
##  $ cty         : int [1:234] 18 21 20 21 16 18 18 18 16 20 ...
##  $ hwy         : int [1:234] 29 29 31 30 26 26 27 26 25 28 ...
##  $ fl          : chr [1:234] "p" "p" "p" "p" ...
##  $ class       : chr [1:234] "compact" "compact" "compact" "compact" ...

Contents of mpg dataframe

mpg
## # A tibble: 234 × 11
##    manufacturer model      displ  year   cyl trans drv     cty   hwy fl    class
##    <chr>        <chr>      <dbl> <int> <int> <chr> <chr> <int> <int> <chr> <chr>
##  1 audi         a4           1.8  1999     4 auto… f        18    29 p     comp…
##  2 audi         a4           1.8  1999     4 manu… f        21    29 p     comp…
##  3 audi         a4           2    2008     4 manu… f        20    31 p     comp…
##  4 audi         a4           2    2008     4 auto… f        21    30 p     comp…
##  5 audi         a4           2.8  1999     6 auto… f        16    26 p     comp…
##  6 audi         a4           2.8  1999     6 manu… f        18    26 p     comp…
##  7 audi         a4           3.1  2008     6 auto… f        18    27 p     comp…
##  8 audi         a4 quattro   1.8  1999     4 manu… 4        18    26 p     comp…
##  9 audi         a4 quattro   1.8  1999     4 auto… 4        16    25 p     comp…
## 10 audi         a4 quattro   2    2008     4 manu… 4        20    28 p     comp…
## # … with 224 more rows

Scatter plot of mpg dataset

p <- ggplot(data = mpg,
mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy, color = 'red'))
p + geom_point()

Creating object URL for Orgon donation file

url <- read.csv("C:/Users/Public/organdonation.csv")
url
##            country year donors    pop   pop.dens   gdp gdp.lag health
## 1        Australia   NA     NA  17065  0.2204433 16774   16591 1300.0
## 2        Australia 1991  12.09  17284  0.2232723 17171   16774 1379.0
## 3        Australia 1992  12.35  17495  0.2259980 17914   17171 1455.0
## 4        Australia 1993  12.51  17667  0.2282198 18883   17914 1540.0
## 5        Australia 1994  10.25  17855  0.2306484 19849   18883 1626.0
## 6        Australia 1995  10.18  18072  0.2334516 21079   19849 1737.0
## 7        Australia 1996  10.59  18311  0.2365389 21923   21079 1846.0
## 8        Australia 1997  10.26  18518  0.2392129 22961   21923 1948.0
## 9        Australia 1998  10.48  18711  0.2417061 24148   22961 2077.0
## 10       Australia 1999   8.67  18926  0.2444834 25445   24148 2231.0
## 11       Australia 2000  10.23  19153  0.2474158 26545   25445 2379.0
## 12       Australia 2001   9.53  19413  0.2507744 27461   26545 2504.0
## 13       Australia 2002  10.48  19663  0.2540039 28168   27461 2629.0
## 14       Australia   NA     NA     NA         NA    NA   28168 2754.0
## 15         Austria   NA     NA   7678  9.1557357 18914   17425 1344.0
## 16         Austria 1991  27.60   7755  9.2475555 19860   18914 1419.0
## 17         Austria 1992  23.10   7841  9.3501073 20601   19860 1551.0
## 18         Austria 1993  26.20   7906  9.4276175 21119   20601 1674.0
## 19         Austria 1994  21.40   7936  9.4633914 21940   21119 1739.0
## 20         Austria 1995  21.50   7948  9.4777009 22817   21940 1865.0
## 21         Austria 1996  24.70   7959  9.4908180 23798   22817 1986.0
## 22         Austria 1997  19.50   7968  9.5015502 24364   23798 1848.0
## 23         Austria 1998  20.70   7977  9.5122824 25423   24364 1953.0
## 24         Austria 1999  25.90   7992  9.5301693 26513   25423 2069.0
## 25         Austria 2000  24.00   8012  9.5540186 27738   26513 2147.0
## 26         Austria 2001  23.90   8030  9.5754829 28457   27738 2174.0
## 27         Austria 2002  23.80   8053  9.6029096 28842   28457 2220.0
## 28         Austria   NA     NA     NA         NA    NA   28842 2266.0
## 29         Belgium   NA     NA   9967 30.1117825 18008   16848 1340.0
## 30         Belgium 1991  21.00  10005 30.2265861 18796   18008 1460.0
## 31         Belgium 1992  20.60  10045 30.3474320 19444   18796 1547.0
## 32         Belgium 1993  21.00  10085 30.4682780 19733   19444 1595.0
## 33         Belgium 1994  22.80  10116 30.5619335 20732   19733 1632.0
## 34         Belgium 1995  19.60  10137 30.6253776 21679   20732 1882.0
## 35         Belgium 1996  21.20  10157 30.6858006 22152   21679 1981.0
## 36         Belgium 1997  22.50  10181 30.7583082 22936   22152 1967.0
## 37         Belgium 1998  19.40  10203 30.8247734 23738   22936 2041.0
## 38         Belgium 1999  25.20  10226 30.8942598 24521   23738 2139.0
## 39         Belgium 2000  25.60  10251 30.9697885 25991   24521 2288.0
## 40         Belgium 2001  22.20  10287 31.0785499 27113   25991 2441.0
## 41         Belgium 2002  21.70  10333 31.2175227 27652   27113 2515.0
## 42         Belgium   NA     NA     NA         NA    NA   27652 2589.0
## 43          Canada   NA     NA  27701  0.2778265 19044   18699 1714.0
## 44          Canada 1991  14.70  28031  0.2811363 19101   19044 1855.0
## 45          Canada 1992  12.60  28377  0.2846065 19590   19101 1959.0
## 46          Canada 1993  14.10  28703  0.2878761 20269   19590 2002.0
## 47          Canada 1994  13.90  29036  0.2912159 21428   20269 2039.0
## 48          Canada 1995  14.80  29354  0.2944053 22292   21428 2044.0
## 49          Canada 1996  14.00  29672  0.2975946 22764   22292 2039.0
## 50          Canada 1997  14.20  29987  0.3007539 23949   22764 2130.0
## 51          Canada 1998  13.70  30248  0.3033716 25013   23949 2291.0
## 52          Canada 1999  13.80  30499  0.3058890 26658   25013 2400.0
## 53          Canada 2000  15.30  30770  0.3086070 28472   26658 2541.0
## 54          Canada 2001  13.50  31111  0.3120270 29235   28472 2743.0
## 55          Canada 2002  13.00  31414  0.3150660 30429   29235 2931.0
## 56          Canada   NA     NA     NA         NA    NA   30429 3119.0
## 57         Denmark   NA     NA   5141 11.9308424 18285   17460 1554.0
## 58         Denmark 1991  11.70   5154 11.9610118 19126   18285 1603.0
## 59         Denmark 1992  16.10   5171 12.0004641 19644   19126 1660.0
## 60         Denmark 1993  14.70   5189 12.0422372 20056   19644 1757.0
## 61         Denmark 1994  12.90   5206 12.0816895 21494   20056 1834.0
## 62         Denmark 1995  12.90   5233 12.1443490 22462   21494 1843.0
## 63         Denmark 1996  14.00   5263 12.2139708 23548   22462 1949.0
## 64         Denmark 1997  11.40   5285 12.2650267 24676   23548 2028.0
## 65         Denmark 1998  11.00   5304 12.3091204 25537   24676 2141.0
## 66         Denmark 1999  14.30   5322 12.3508935 26985   25537 2297.0
## 67         Denmark 2000  12.50   5340 12.3926665 28146   26985 2351.0
## 68         Denmark 2001  12.90   5359 12.4367603 29203   28146 2523.0
## 69         Denmark 2002  12.70   5376 12.4762126 29228   29203 2580.0
## 70         Denmark   NA     NA     NA         NA    NA   29228 2637.0
## 71         Finland   NA     NA   4986  1.4744936 18025   17436 1414.0
## 72         Finland 1991  16.80   5014  1.4827739 17281   18025 1547.0
## 73         Finland 1992  19.40   5042  1.4910543 16943   17281 1542.0
## 74         Finland 1993  19.60   5066  1.4981517 17082   16943 1421.0
## 75         Finland 1994  20.00   5088  1.5046577 17993   17082 1390.0
## 76         Finland 1995  19.40   5108  1.5105722 19031   17993 1428.0
## 77         Finland 1996  19.50   5125  1.5155996 19842   19031 1517.0
## 78         Finland 1997  16.30   5140  1.5200355 21691   19842 1580.0
## 79         Finland 1998  19.80   5154  1.5241757 23267   21691 1607.0
## 80         Finland 1999  16.50   5166  1.5277244 23702   23267 1641.0
## 81         Finland 2000  19.90   5176  1.5306817 25397   23702 1698.0
## 82         Finland 2001  17.00   5188  1.5342304 26376   25397 1841.0
## 83         Finland 2002  17.10   5201  1.5380748 26616   26376 1943.0
## 84         Finland   NA     NA     NA         NA    NA   26616 2045.0
## 85          France   NA     NA  56709 10.2826836 18162   17113 1555.0
## 86          France 1991  19.10  56976 10.3310970 18989   18162 1668.0
## 87          France 1992  16.80  57240 10.3789665 19566   18989 1769.0
## 88          France 1993  17.10  57467 10.4201269 19763   19566 1866.0
## 89          France 1994  15.40  57659 10.4549411 20655   19763 1937.0
## 90          France 1995  15.10  57844 10.4884859 21283   20655 2025.0
## 91          France 1996  15.10  58026 10.5214869 21990   21283 2091.0
## 92          France 1997  15.00  58208 10.5544878 23113   21990 2163.0
## 93          France 1998  16.50  58398 10.5889393 24044   23113 2231.0
## 94          France 1999  16.20  58623 10.6297371 24856   24044 2306.0
## 95          France 2000  17.00  58896 10.6792384 25928   24856 2416.0
## 96          France 2001  17.80  59192 10.7329102 27394   25928 2588.0
## 97          France 2002  20.00  59486 10.7862194 28094   27394 2736.0
## 98          France   NA     NA     NA         NA    NA   28094 2884.0
## 99         Germany   NA     NA  63254 17.7167185 20359   19015 1729.0
## 100        Germany 1991  13.30  80014 22.4110019 17511   20359 1845.5
## 101        Germany 1992  14.20  80625 22.5821360 19811   17511 1962.0
## 102        Germany 1993  13.90  81156 22.7308629 19983   19811 1988.0
## 103        Germany 1994  12.30  81438 22.8098479 20690   19983 2106.0
## 104        Germany 1995  12.80  81678 22.8770692 21411   20690 2263.0
## 105        Germany 1996  12.70  81915 22.9434501 22164   21411 2410.0
## 106        Germany 1997  13.20  82035 22.9770607 22589   22164 2416.0
## 107        Germany 1998  13.40  82047 22.9804218 23283   22589 2470.0
## 108        Germany 1999  13.20  82100 22.9952665 24100   23283 2563.0
## 109        Germany 2000  12.50  82212 23.0266364 24942   24100 2640.0
## 110        Germany 2001  12.80  82350 23.0652886 25436   24942 2735.0
## 111        Germany 2002  12.20  82489 23.1042209 25843   25436 2830.0
## 112        Germany   NA     NA     NA         NA    NA   25843 2925.0
## 113          Italy   NA     NA  56719 18.8222606 17430   16525 1397.0
## 114          Italy 1991   5.20  56751 18.8328798 18209   17430 1520.0
## 115          Italy 1992   5.80  56859 18.8687197 18883   18209 1584.0
## 116          Italy 1993   6.20  57049 18.9317714 19124   18883 1554.0
## 117          Italy 1994   7.90  57204 18.9832083 19903   19124 1557.0
## 118          Italy 1995  10.10  57301 19.0153979 20652   19903 1524.0
## 119          Italy 1996  11.00  57397 19.0472556 21396   20652 1605.0
## 120          Italy 1997  11.60  57512 19.0854185 22030   21396 1705.0
## 121          Italy 1998  12.30  57588 19.1106392 23291   22030 1800.0
## 122          Italy 1999  13.70  57646 19.1298865 23729   23291 1853.0
## 123          Italy 2000  14.20  57762 19.1683812 24629   23729 2001.0
## 124          Italy 2001  17.10  57894 19.2121856 25359   24629 2107.0
## 125          Italy 2002  18.10  57994 19.2453707 25569   25359 2166.0
## 126          Italy   NA     NA     NA         NA    NA   25569 2225.0
## 127        Ireland   NA     NA   3514  5.0007115 12917   11434  791.0
## 128        Ireland 1991  19.00   3534  5.0291732 13495   12917  884.0
## 129        Ireland 1992  19.50   3558  5.0633272 14241   13495 1005.0
## 130        Ireland 1993  17.10   3576  5.0889426 14927   14241 1041.0
## 131        Ireland 1994  20.30   3590  5.1088658 15990   14927 1119.0
## 132        Ireland 1995  24.60   3609  5.1359044 17789   15990 1208.0
## 133        Ireland 1996  16.80   3636  5.1743276 19245   17789 1269.0
## 134        Ireland 1997  20.90   3673  5.2269816 22017   19245 1417.0
## 135        Ireland 1998  23.80   3715  5.2867511 23995   22017 1487.0
## 136        Ireland 1999  18.70   3756  5.3450975 25936   23995 1623.0
## 137        Ireland 2000  17.60   3801  5.4091362 27891   25936 1774.0
## 138        Ireland 2001  18.20   3863  5.4973673 29703   27891 2059.0
## 139        Ireland 2002  21.00   3932  5.5955600 32571   29703 2367.0
## 140        Ireland   NA     NA     NA         NA    NA   32571 2675.0
## 141    Netherlands   NA     NA  14952 36.0028895 17707   16580 1419.0
## 142    Netherlands 1991  14.90  15070 36.2870214 18708   17707 1532.0
## 143    Netherlands 1992  15.10  15184 36.5615218 19285   18708 1623.0
## 144    Netherlands 1993  15.40  15290 36.8167590 19856   19285 1700.0
## 145    Netherlands 1994  13.10  15383 37.0406935 20768   19856 1745.0
## 146    Netherlands 1995  15.20  15459 37.2236937 21723   20768 1827.0
## 147    Netherlands 1996  15.10  15531 37.3970624 22541   21723 1878.0
## 148    Netherlands 1997  14.40  15611 37.5896942 23753   22541 1936.0
## 149    Netherlands 1998  13.00  15707 37.8208524 24780   23753 2016.0
## 150    Netherlands 1999  10.90  15812 38.0736817 25438   24780 2098.0
## 151    Netherlands 2000  12.60  15926 38.3481820 26873   25438 2196.0
## 152    Netherlands 2001  11.60  16046 38.6371298 28756   26873 2455.0
## 153    Netherlands 2002  12.60  16149 38.8851433 28983   28756 2643.0
## 154    Netherlands   NA     NA     NA         NA    NA   28983 2831.0
## 155         Norway   NA     NA   4242  1.3097443 17905   16942 1385.0
## 156         Norway 1991  15.20   4262  1.3159195 19134   17905 1542.0
## 157         Norway 1992  14.30   4286  1.3233296 20128   19134 1643.0
## 158         Norway 1993  17.10   4312  1.3313573 21047   20128 1688.0
## 159         Norway 1994  16.00   4337  1.3390762 22503   21047 1777.0
## 160         Norway 1995  15.70   4359  1.3458688 23868   22503 1892.0
## 161         Norway 1996  15.10   4381  1.3526615 26218   23868 2064.0
## 162         Norway 1997  15.10   4405  1.3600716 27784   26218 2179.0
## 163         Norway 1998  15.60   4432  1.3684081 27323   27784 2314.0
## 164         Norway 1999  15.50   4462  1.3776707 30005   27323 2561.0
## 165         Norway 2000  17.60   4491  1.3866247 35829   30005 2747.0
## 166         Norway 2001  14.40   4514  1.3937261 36554   35829 2946.0
## 167         Norway 2002  13.70   4538  1.4011362 35531   36554 3083.0
## 168         Norway   NA     NA     NA         NA    NA   35531 3220.0
## 169          Spain   NA     NA  38850  7.6780174 12971   12051  865.0
## 170          Spain 1991  20.20  38920  7.6918516 13754   12971  946.0
## 171          Spain 1992  21.70  39011  7.7098362 14331   13754 1035.0
## 172          Spain 1993  22.60  39096  7.7266349 14359   14331 1084.0
## 173          Spain 1994  25.00  39166  7.7404692 15024   14359 1116.0
## 174          Spain 1995  27.00  39223  7.7517342 15720   15024 1195.0
## 175          Spain 1996  26.80  39279  7.7628016 16416   15720 1250.0
## 176          Spain 1997  29.00  39348  7.7764383 17203   16416 1287.0
## 177          Spain 1998  31.50  39453  7.7971897 18332   17203 1371.0
## 178          Spain 1999  33.40  39626  7.8313801 19546   18332 1467.0
## 179          Spain 2000  33.90  40614  8.0266408 20017   19546 1493.0
## 180          Spain 2001  32.50  41201  8.1426510 20864   20017 1567.0
## 181          Spain 2002  33.70  41874  8.2756576 21592   20864 1646.0
## 182          Spain   NA     NA     NA         NA    NA   21592 1725.0
## 183         Sweden   NA     NA   8559  1.9021691 18660   17915 1566.0
## 184         Sweden 1991  16.40   8617  1.9150591 19000   18660 1552.0
## 185         Sweden 1992  14.90   8668  1.9263935 19116   19000 1594.0
## 186         Sweden 1993  15.20   8719  1.9377278 19063   19116 1637.0
## 187         Sweden 1994  12.80   8781  1.9515068 20132   19063 1648.0
## 188         Sweden 1995  13.00   8827  1.9617299 21290   20132 1733.0
## 189         Sweden 1996  11.90   8841  1.9648413 22029   21290 1845.0
## 190         Sweden 1997  12.60   8846  1.9659525 22756   22029 1870.0
## 191         Sweden 1998  14.60   8851  1.9670637 23525   22756 1961.0
## 192         Sweden 1999  12.10   8858  1.9686194 25099   23525 2119.0
## 193         Sweden 2000  10.90   8872  1.9717308 26574   25099 2243.0
## 194         Sweden 2001  12.10   8896  1.9770646 26902   26574 2370.0
## 195         Sweden 2002  11.00   8925  1.9835096 27255   26902 2517.0
## 196         Sweden   NA     NA     NA         NA    NA   27255 2664.0
## 197    Switzerland   NA     NA   6712 16.2557520 24648   23009 2040.0
## 198    Switzerland 1991  15.60   6797 16.4616130 24879   24648 2220.0
## 199    Switzerland 1992  14.80   6875 16.6505207 25135   24879 2345.0
## 200    Switzerland 1993  16.60   6938 16.8031000 25316   25135 2384.0
## 201    Switzerland 1994  15.90   6994 16.9387261 25901   25316 2457.0
## 202    Switzerland 1995  13.00   7041 17.0525551 26304   25901 2555.0
## 203    Switzerland 1996  12.57   7072 17.1276338 26180   26304 2654.0
## 204    Switzerland 1997  14.28   7089 17.1688060 27675   26180 2812.0
## 205    Switzerland 1998  15.43   7110 17.2196658 28733   27675 2967.0
## 206    Switzerland 1999  14.42   7144 17.3020102 28562   28733 2985.0
## 207    Switzerland 2000  14.00   7184 17.3988859 29837   28562 3111.0
## 208    Switzerland 2001  13.19   7233 17.5175587 30134   29837 3288.0
## 209    Switzerland 2002  10.40   7290 17.6556067 30725   30134 3445.0
## 210    Switzerland   NA     NA     NA         NA    NA   30725 3602.0
## 211 United Kingdom   NA     NA  57238 23.5634597 16228   15804  977.0
## 212 United Kingdom 1991  14.20  57439 23.6462064 16729   16228 1079.0
## 213 United Kingdom 1992  14.40  57582 23.7050760 17110   16729 1184.0
## 214 United Kingdom 1993  13.90  57711 23.7581820 17952   17110 1246.0
## 215 United Kingdom 1994  14.20  57855 23.8174633 18994   17952 1331.0
## 216 United Kingdom 1995  14.40  58005 23.8792145 19998   18994 1393.0
## 217 United Kingdom 1996  13.60  58139 23.9343790 20839   19998 1461.0
## 218 United Kingdom 1997  13.40  58283 23.9936602 22442   20839 1535.0
## 219 United Kingdom 1998  12.30  58440 24.0582932 23343   22442 1607.0
## 220 United Kingdom 1999  12.10  58635 24.1385698 24086   23343 1725.0
## 221 United Kingdom 2000  13.20  58817 24.2134947 25271   24086 1839.0
## 222 United Kingdom 2001  13.20  59051 24.3098267 26720   25271 2012.0
## 223 United Kingdom 2002  13.00  59232 24.3843399 27959   26720 2160.0
## 224 United Kingdom   NA     NA     NA         NA    NA   27959 2308.0
## 225  United States   NA     NA 249623  2.5923841 23038   22039 2738.0
## 226  United States 1991  17.89 252981  2.6272576 23443   23038 2957.0
## 227  United States 1992  17.62 256514  2.6639485 24411   23443 3165.0
## 228  United States 1993  18.70 259919  2.6993101 25327   24411 3357.0
## 229  United States 1994  19.38 263126  2.7326154 26578   25327 3500.0
## 230  United States 1995  20.14 266278  2.7653496 27559   26578 3655.0
## 231  United States 1996  20.10 269394  2.7977099 28772   27559 3792.0
## 232  United States 1997  20.09 272647  2.8314929 30283   28772 3939.0
## 233  United States 1998  21.00 275854  2.8647982 31612   30283 4096.0
## 234  United States 1999  20.87 279040  2.8978855 33016   31612 4298.0
## 235  United States 2000  21.21 282224  2.9309519 34590   33016 4538.0
## 236  United States 2001  21.31 285318  2.9630837 35118   34590 4869.0
## 237  United States 2002  21.47 288369  2.9947690 36006   35118 5267.0
## 238  United States   NA     NA     NA         NA    NA   36006 5665.0
##     health.lag pubhealth     roads cerebvas assault external   txp.pop
## 1       1224.0      4.80 136.59537      682      21      444 0.9375916
## 2       1300.0      5.40 122.25179      647      19      425 0.9257116
## 3       1379.0      5.40 112.83224      630      17      406 0.9145470
## 4       1455.0      5.40 110.54508      611      18      376 0.9056433
## 5       1540.0      5.40 107.98096      631      17      387 0.8961075
## 6       1626.0      5.50 111.60912      592      16      371 0.8853475
## 7       1737.0      5.60 107.58560      576      17      395 0.8737917
## 8       1846.0      5.70  95.42067      525      17      385 0.8640242
## 9       1948.0      5.90  93.79509      516      16      410 0.8551120
## 10      2077.0      6.10  93.20511      493      15      409 0.8453979
## 11      2231.0      6.20  94.86764      474      16      393 0.8353783
## 12      2379.0      6.20  89.47612      449      15      367 0.8241900
## 13      2504.0      6.20  87.21965      424      14      341 0.8137110
## 14      2629.0        NA        NA       NA      NA       NA        NA
## 15      1255.0      5.20 202.91743      953      16      614 0.6512113
## 16      1344.0      5.20 200.00000      942      12      590 0.6447453
## 17      1419.0      5.50 178.93126      880      14      549 0.6376738
## 18      1551.0      5.90 162.28181      828      13      551 0.6324311
## 19      1674.0      5.90 168.59879      803      11      561 0.6300403
## 20      1739.0      5.80 152.23956      774      10      527 0.6290891
## 21      1865.0      5.80 129.03631      801      11      499 0.6282196
## 22      1986.0      5.30 138.67972      770       9      470 0.6275100
## 23      1848.0      5.40 120.72208      732      11      439 0.6268021
## 24      1953.0      5.40 135.01001      699       8      458 0.6256256
## 25      2069.0      5.40 121.81727      644       9      460 0.6240639
## 26      2147.0      5.20 119.30262      583       9      429 0.6226650
## 27      2174.0      5.40 118.71352      586       9      442 0.6208866
## 28      2220.0        NA        NA       NA      NA       NA        NA
## 29      1246.0        NA 198.25424      688      13      565 0.8026487
## 30      1340.0        NA 187.20640      662      14      561 0.7996002
## 31      1460.0        NA 166.45097      646      16      547 0.7964161
## 32      1547.0        NA 164.60089      659      19      574 0.7932573
## 33      1595.0      6.00 167.25979      615      17      584 0.7908264
## 34      1632.0      6.00 142.94170      586      16      549 0.7891881
## 35      1882.0      6.40 133.50399      585      19      523 0.7876341
## 36      1981.0      6.00 133.97505      574      17      523 0.7857774
## 37      1967.0      6.00 147.01558      563      15      523 0.7840831
## 38      2041.0      6.20 136.61256      552      13      523 0.7823196
## 39      2139.0      6.20 143.40064      541      11      523 0.7804117
## 40      2288.0      6.40 144.45417      530       9      523 0.7776806
## 41      2441.0      6.50 145.35953      519       7      523 0.7742185
## 42      2515.0        NA        NA       NA      NA       NA        NA
## 43      1600.0      6.70 143.06343      476      20      469 1.1190932
## 44      1714.0      7.20 131.63997      462      22      463 1.1059184
## 45      1855.0      7.40 123.37456      449      20      436 1.0924340
## 46      1959.0      7.20 125.94502      463      17      440 1.0800265
## 47      2002.0      6.90 112.37774      444      17      422 1.0676402
## 48      2039.0      6.50 114.15821      434      16      424 1.0560741
## 49      2044.0      6.30 104.17228      432      17      417 1.0447560
## 50      2039.0      6.20 102.17761      430      14      399 1.0337813
## 51      2130.0      6.50  97.49405      407      15      398 1.0248611
## 52      2291.0      6.30  97.87206      387      15      411 1.0164268
## 53      2400.0      6.30  95.09262      378      15      382 1.0074748
## 54      2541.0      6.60  89.29318      369      15      353 0.9964321
## 55      2743.0      6.70  83.72063      360      15      324 0.9868212
## 56      2931.0        NA        NA       NA      NA       NA        NA
## 57      1506.0      7.00 123.32231      699      10      582 0.7780587
## 58      1554.0      7.00 117.57858      688      13      572 0.7760962
## 59      1603.0      7.00 111.58383      691      13      565 0.7735448
## 60      1660.0      7.20 107.72789      714      12      574 0.7708614
## 61      1757.0      7.00 104.87899      646      13      548 0.7683442
## 62      1834.0      6.80 111.21728      655      11      535 0.7643799
## 63      1843.0      6.80  97.66293      650      11      499 0.7600228
## 64      1949.0      6.80  92.52602      606      11      506 0.7568590
## 65      2028.0      6.90  94.07994      580       9      482 0.7541478
## 66      2141.0      7.00  96.58023      588      11      495 0.7515971
## 67      2297.0      6.90  97.56554      596      13      508 0.7490637
## 68      2353.0      7.10  80.42545      604      15      521 0.7464079
## 69      2520.0      7.30  86.12351      612      17      534 0.7440476
## 70      2583.0        NA        NA       NA      NA       NA        NA
## 71      1268.0      6.30 130.16446      957      30      853 0.6016847
## 72      1414.0      7.30 126.04707      939      28      823 0.5983247
## 73      1547.0      7.20 119.19873      886      32      792 0.5950020
## 74      1542.0      6.30  95.53889      932      31      741 0.5921832
## 75      1421.0      5.80  94.33962      830      29      738 0.5896226
## 76      1390.0      5.70  86.33516      875      28      737 0.5873140
## 77      1428.0      5.80  78.82927      736      32      686 0.5853659
## 78      1517.0      5.50  85.21401      721      25      701 0.5836576
## 79      1580.0      5.30  77.60962      670      22      686 0.5820722
## 80      1607.0      5.20  83.43012      652      24      673 0.5807201
## 81      1641.0      5.00  76.50696      639      25      657 0.5795981
## 82      1698.0      5.30  83.46183      604      26      660 0.5782575
## 83      1841.0      5.50  79.79235      587      25      638 0.5768122
## 84      1943.0        NA        NA       NA      NA       NA        NA
## 85      1555.0      6.60 197.76402      529      10      689 0.7229893
## 86      1555.0      6.70 183.98975      520      10      668 0.7196012
## 87      1668.0      6.90 172.95597      487      10      650 0.7162823
## 88      1769.0      7.20 171.69854      473      11      645 0.7134529
## 89      1866.0      7.10 156.41964      437      11      615 0.7110772
## 90      1937.0      7.30 153.70652      431      10      602 0.7088030
## 91      2025.0      7.20 147.19264      424      10      580 0.7065798
## 92      2091.0      7.10 145.06597      409       9      571 0.7043705
## 93      2163.0      7.10 152.71071      405       7      581 0.7020788
## 94      2231.0      7.10 144.77253      394       7      572 0.6993842
## 95      2306.0      7.10 137.17400      383       7      563 0.6961424
## 96      2416.0      7.20 137.85647      372       7      554 0.6926612
## 97      2588.0      7.40 128.68574      361       7      545 0.6892378
## 98      2760.0        NA        NA       NA      NA       NA        NA
## 99      1630.0      6.50 174.62927      846      10      477 0.6956082
## 100     1729.0      7.25 141.22529      880      11      480 0.5499038
## 101     1845.5      8.00 131.85736      834      11      456 0.5457364
## 102     1962.0      8.00 122.59106      817      11      432 0.5421657
## 103     1988.0      8.20 120.50885      791      11      417 0.5402883
## 104     2106.0      8.50 115.74720      753      11      399 0.5387008
## 105     2263.0      8.80 106.91571      725      11      385 0.5371422
## 106     2410.0      8.50 104.21162      679       9      370 0.5363564
## 107     2416.0      8.30  94.96996      650       9      345 0.5362780
## 108     2470.0      8.40  94.66504      608       9      339 0.5359318
## 109     2563.0      8.30  91.26405      558       7      338 0.5352017
## 110     2640.0      8.50  84.72374      535       7      329 0.5343048
## 111     2735.0      8.60  82.94439      512       7      320 0.5334045
## 112     2830.0        NA        NA       NA      NA       NA        NA
## 113     1274.0      6.40 125.83085      886      25      422 0.4584002
## 114     1397.0      6.60 142.42921      876      27      435 0.4581417
## 115     1520.0      6.50 140.94514      832      21      419 0.4572715
## 116     1584.0      6.20 125.55873      821      16      396 0.4557486
## 117     1554.0      5.90 123.95986      791      15      381 0.4545137
## 118     1557.0      5.30 122.51095      715      14      376 0.4537443
## 119     1524.0      5.40 116.31270      670      14      366 0.4529853
## 120     1605.0      5.60 116.70608      669      12      365 0.4520796
## 121     1705.0      5.60 109.64090      670      12      359 0.4514829
## 122     1800.0      5.60 115.06436      627      11      343 0.4510287
## 123     1853.0      6.00 110.97261      597      10      327 0.4501229
## 124     2001.0      6.30 115.41783      567       9      311 0.4490966
## 125     2107.0      6.40 119.90896      537       8      295 0.4483222
## 126     2166.0        NA        NA       NA      NA       NA        NA
## 127      727.0      4.40 136.02732      825       7      432 0.8537279
## 128      791.0      4.80 125.91964      807       6      410 0.8488964
## 129      884.0      5.00 116.63856      787       8      379 0.8431703
## 130     1005.0      5.10 120.52573      802       7      374 0.8389262
## 131     1041.0      5.00 112.53482      749       7      392 0.8356546
## 132     1119.0      4.90 121.08617      733       8      387 0.8312552
## 133     1208.0      4.70 124.58746      719       9      391 0.8250825
## 134     1269.0      4.80 128.77757      665       8      394 0.8167710
## 135     1417.0      4.70 123.28398      614      11      417 0.8075370
## 136     1487.0      4.60 110.22364      663      10      409 0.7987220
## 137     1623.0      4.70 109.18179      631      10      394 0.7892660
## 138     1774.0      5.20 106.65286      599      10      379 0.7765985
## 139     2059.0      5.50  95.62564      567      10      364 0.7629705
## 140     2367.0        NA        NA       NA      NA       NA        NA
## 141     1320.0      5.40  92.02782      649       9      310 0.7356875
## 142     1419.0      5.70  85.00332      651      11      314 0.7299270
## 143     1532.0      6.10  82.52107      650      12      309 0.7244468
## 144     1623.0      6.30  80.77175      638      12      295 0.7194245
## 145     1700.0      6.10  84.37886      616      10      294 0.7150751
## 146     1745.0      6.00  86.29277      594      12      286 0.7115596
## 147     1827.0      5.50  75.97708      577      13      293 0.7082609
## 148     1878.0      5.50  74.49875      563      13      282 0.7046313
## 149     1936.0      5.50  67.86783      552      11      265 0.7003247
## 150     2016.0      5.50  68.93499      557      12      276 0.6956742
## 151     2098.0      5.50  67.93922      538      11      270 0.6906945
## 152     2196.0      5.50  61.88458      519      10      264 0.6855291
## 153     2455.0      5.50  61.11834      500       9      258 0.6811567
## 154     2643.0        NA        NA       NA      NA       NA        NA
## 155     1297.0      6.40  78.26497      816      11      518 0.2357379
## 156     1385.0      6.80  75.78602      758      14      482 0.2346316
## 157     1542.0      6.90  75.82828      760      11      463 0.2333178
## 158     1643.0      6.80  65.16698      767      10      442 0.2319109
## 159     1688.0      6.70  65.25248      696       7      405 0.2305741
## 160     1777.0      6.70  69.97018      668      10      412 0.2294104
## 161     1892.0      6.60  58.20589      689      10      394 0.2282584
## 162     2064.0      6.60  68.78547      646       9      406 0.2270148
## 163     2179.0      7.20  79.42238      639      10      408 0.2256318
## 164     2314.0      7.30  68.13088      593       8      424 0.2241147
## 165     2561.0      6.50  75.92964      554      12      412 0.2226676
## 166     2747.0      6.90  60.92158      523       8      383 0.2215330
## 167     3258.0      7.40  68.31203      492       4      354 0.2203614
## 168     3409.0        NA        NA       NA      NA       NA        NA
## 169      759.0      5.30 232.48391      862       9      453 0.7207207
## 170      865.0      5.30 227.02980      856       9      441 0.7194245
## 171      946.0      5.60 200.40501      786       8      405 0.7177463
## 172     1035.0      5.80 163.08574      752       9      381 0.7161858
## 173     1084.0      5.60 143.33861      719       8      368 0.7149058
## 174     1116.0      5.50 146.57216      681       8      367 0.7138669
## 175     1195.0      5.50 139.56567      644       8      362 0.7128491
## 176     1250.0      5.40 142.42147      609       8      361 0.7115991
## 177     1287.0      5.40 150.98979      597       8      366 0.7097052
## 178     1371.0      5.40 144.80392      587       8      351 0.7066068
## 179     1467.0      5.30 142.21697      530       9      349 0.6894174
## 180     1493.0      5.40 133.88025      473      10      347 0.6795952
## 181     1567.0      5.40 127.69260      416      11      345 0.6686727
## 182     1646.0        NA        NA       NA      NA       NA        NA
## 183     1497.0      7.50  99.07699      669      12      468 0.7010165
## 184     1566.0      7.20  89.59034      670      14      454 0.6962980
## 185     1552.0      7.30  85.94832      648      13      419 0.6922012
## 186     1594.0      7.50  87.05127      632      12      407 0.6881523
## 187     1637.0      7.10  71.97358      605      12      421 0.6832935
## 188     1648.0      7.10  66.72709      587      10      379 0.6797326
## 189     1733.0      7.30  64.69856      585      12      363 0.6786563
## 190     1845.0      7.10  60.70540      591      10      366 0.6782727
## 191     1870.0      7.20  61.12304      588      11      368 0.6778895
## 192     1961.0      7.20  59.94581      571      12      355 0.6773538
## 193     2119.0      7.20  65.37421      555      10      352 0.6762849
## 194     2243.0      7.50  65.53507      531       9      382 0.6744604
## 195     2370.0      7.90  62.74510      507       8      412 0.6722689
## 196     2517.0        NA        NA       NA      NA       NA        NA
## 197     1915.0      4.30 142.13349      545      13      638 1.0429082
## 198     2040.0      4.70 126.52641      507      13      637 1.0298661
## 199     2220.0      5.00 121.30909      492      14      605 1.0181818
## 200     2345.0      5.10 104.20871      477      16      558 1.0089363
## 201     2384.0      5.10  97.08321      466      13      562 1.0008579
## 202     2457.0      5.20  98.28149      441      10      443 0.9941770
## 203     2555.0      5.50  87.10407      414      11      417 0.9898190
## 204     2654.0      5.60  82.80434      412      14      407 0.9874453
## 205     2812.0      5.70  83.96624      390       8      400 0.9845288
## 206     2967.0      5.80  81.60694      381      10      387 0.9798432
## 207     2985.0      5.80  82.40535      354       8      409 0.9743875
## 208     3111.0      6.20  75.21084      327       6      431 0.9677865
## 209     3288.0      6.50  70.37037      300       4      453 0.9602195
## 210     3446.0        NA        NA       NA      NA       NA        NA
## 211      940.0      5.00  94.37786      858       7      326 0.7163073
## 212      977.0      5.40  82.74866      860       7      311 0.7138007
## 213     1079.0      5.80  76.04807      818       9      298 0.7120281
## 214     1184.0      5.90  68.56578      759      12      288 0.7104365
## 215     1246.0      5.90  65.80244      721      10      283 0.7086682
## 216     1331.0      5.80  64.90820      718      10      279 0.7068356
## 217     1393.0      5.80  64.50059      698       9      279 0.7052065
## 218     1461.0      5.50  64.22113      671       7      279 0.7034641
## 219     1535.0      5.50  61.27652      660       7      274 0.7015743
## 220     1607.0      5.80  58.37810      640       8      277 0.6992411
## 221     1725.0      5.90  60.86676      620       9      280 0.6970774
## 222     1839.0      6.20  60.93038      600      10      283 0.6943151
## 223     2012.0      6.40  60.45719      580      11      286 0.6921934
## 224     2160.0        NA        NA       NA      NA       NA        NA
## 225     2475.0      4.70 178.66543      474      97      576 1.0976553
## 226     2738.0      5.20 164.07556      457     103      565 1.0830853
## 227     2957.0      5.50 153.01309      447      99      545 1.0681678
## 228     3165.0      5.70 154.47120      454     101      559 1.0541746
## 229     3357.0      5.90 154.73955      453      96      553 1.0413262
## 230     3500.0      6.00 157.04264      457      88      546 1.0289998
## 231     3655.0      6.00 156.14676      452      80      535 1.0170976
## 232     3792.0      5.90 154.09302      443      75      526 1.0049625
## 233     3939.0      5.80 150.44553      428      68      519 0.9932791
## 234     4096.0      5.80 149.50186      440      64      514 0.9819381
## 235     4298.0      5.80 148.62308      432      61      499 0.9708600
## 236     4538.0      6.20 147.89112      424      58      484 0.9603320
## 237     4869.0      6.60 148.47296      416      55      469 0.9501715
## 238     5267.0        NA        NA       NA      NA       NA        NA
##           world  opt consent.law consent.practice consistent ccode
## 1       Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    Oz
## 2       Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    Oz
## 3       Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    Oz
## 4       Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    Oz
## 5       Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    Oz
## 6       Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    Oz
## 7       Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    Oz
## 8       Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    Oz
## 9       Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    Oz
## 10      Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    Oz
## 11      Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    Oz
## 12      Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    Oz
## 13      Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    Oz
## 14      Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    Oz
## 15  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed        Yes   Aus
## 16  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed        Yes   Aus
## 17  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed        Yes   Aus
## 18  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed        Yes   Aus
## 19  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed        Yes   Aus
## 20  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed        Yes   Aus
## 21  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed        Yes   Aus
## 22  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed        Yes   Aus
## 23  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed        Yes   Aus
## 24  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed        Yes   Aus
## 25  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed        Yes   Aus
## 26  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed        Yes   Aus
## 27  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed        Yes   Aus
## 28  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed        Yes   Aus
## 29  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed         No   Bel
## 30  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed         No   Bel
## 31  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed         No   Bel
## 32  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed         No   Bel
## 33  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed         No   Bel
## 34  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed         No   Bel
## 35  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed         No   Bel
## 36  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed         No   Bel
## 37  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed         No   Bel
## 38  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed         No   Bel
## 39  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed         No   Bel
## 40  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed         No   Bel
## 41  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed         No   Bel
## 42  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Presumed         No   Bel
## 43      Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Can
## 44      Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Can
## 45      Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Can
## 46      Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Can
## 47      Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Can
## 48      Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Can
## 49      Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Can
## 50      Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Can
## 51      Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Can
## 52      Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Can
## 53      Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Can
## 54      Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Can
## 55      Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Can
## 56      Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Can
## 57       SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Den
## 58       SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Den
## 59       SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Den
## 60       SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Den
## 61       SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Den
## 62       SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Den
## 63       SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Den
## 64       SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Den
## 65       SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Den
## 66       SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Den
## 67       SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Den
## 68       SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Den
## 69       SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Den
## 70       SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Den
## 71       SocDem <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No   Fin
## 72       SocDem <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No   Fin
## 73       SocDem <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No   Fin
## 74       SocDem <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No   Fin
## 75       SocDem <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No   Fin
## 76       SocDem <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No   Fin
## 77       SocDem <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No   Fin
## 78       SocDem <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No   Fin
## 79       SocDem <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No   Fin
## 80       SocDem <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No   Fin
## 81       SocDem <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No   Fin
## 82       SocDem <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No   Fin
## 83       SocDem <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No   Fin
## 84       SocDem <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No   Fin
## 85  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Fra
## 86  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Fra
## 87  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Fra
## 88  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Fra
## 89  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Fra
## 90  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Fra
## 91  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Fra
## 92  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Fra
## 93  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Fra
## 94  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Fra
## 95  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Fra
## 96  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Fra
## 97  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Fra
## 98  Corporatist  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Fra
## 99  Corporatist   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Ger
## 100 Corporatist   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Ger
## 101 Corporatist   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Ger
## 102 Corporatist   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Ger
## 103 Corporatist   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Ger
## 104 Corporatist   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Ger
## 105 Corporatist   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Ger
## 106 Corporatist   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Ger
## 107 Corporatist   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Ger
## 108 Corporatist   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Ger
## 109 Corporatist   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Ger
## 110 Corporatist   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Ger
## 111 Corporatist   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Ger
## 112 Corporatist   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Ger
## 113 Corporatist   In    Presumed         Informed         No   Ita
## 114 Corporatist   In    Presumed         Informed         No   Ita
## 115 Corporatist   In    Presumed         Informed         No   Ita
## 116 Corporatist   In    Presumed         Informed         No   Ita
## 117 Corporatist   In    Presumed         Informed         No   Ita
## 118 Corporatist   In    Presumed         Informed         No   Ita
## 119 Corporatist   In    Presumed         Informed         No   Ita
## 120 Corporatist   In    Presumed         Informed         No   Ita
## 121 Corporatist   In    Presumed         Informed         No   Ita
## 122 Corporatist   In    Presumed         Informed         No   Ita
## 123 Corporatist   In    Presumed         Informed         No   Ita
## 124 Corporatist   In    Presumed         Informed         No   Ita
## 125 Corporatist   In    Presumed         Informed         No   Ita
## 126 Corporatist   In    Presumed         Informed         No   Ita
## 127     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Irl
## 128     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Irl
## 129     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Irl
## 130     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Irl
## 131     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Irl
## 132     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Irl
## 133     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Irl
## 134     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Irl
## 135     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Irl
## 136     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Irl
## 137     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Irl
## 138     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Irl
## 139     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Irl
## 140     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   Irl
## 141      SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes  Neth
## 142      SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes  Neth
## 143      SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes  Neth
## 144      SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes  Neth
## 145      SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes  Neth
## 146      SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes  Neth
## 147      SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes  Neth
## 148      SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes  Neth
## 149      SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes  Neth
## 150      SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes  Neth
## 151      SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes  Neth
## 152      SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes  Neth
## 153      SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes  Neth
## 154      SocDem   In    Informed         Informed        Yes  Neth
## 155      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Nor
## 156      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Nor
## 157      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Nor
## 158      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Nor
## 159      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Nor
## 160      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Nor
## 161      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Nor
## 162      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Nor
## 163      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Nor
## 164      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Nor
## 165      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Nor
## 166      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Nor
## 167      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Nor
## 168      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Nor
## 169        <NA>  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Spa
## 170        <NA>  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Spa
## 171        <NA>  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Spa
## 172        <NA>  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Spa
## 173        <NA>  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Spa
## 174        <NA>  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Spa
## 175        <NA>  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Spa
## 176        <NA>  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Spa
## 177        <NA>  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Spa
## 178        <NA>  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Spa
## 179        <NA>  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Spa
## 180        <NA>  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Spa
## 181        <NA>  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Spa
## 182        <NA>  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Spa
## 183      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Swe
## 184      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Swe
## 185      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Swe
## 186      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Swe
## 187      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Swe
## 188      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Swe
## 189      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Swe
## 190      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Swe
## 191      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Swe
## 192      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Swe
## 193      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Swe
## 194      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Swe
## 195      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Swe
## 196      SocDem  Out    Presumed         Informed         No   Swe
## 197 Corporatist <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No  Swiz
## 198 Corporatist <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No  Swiz
## 199 Corporatist <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No  Swiz
## 200 Corporatist <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No  Swiz
## 201 Corporatist <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No  Swiz
## 202 Corporatist <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No  Swiz
## 203 Corporatist <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No  Swiz
## 204 Corporatist <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No  Swiz
## 205 Corporatist <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No  Swiz
## 206 Corporatist <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No  Swiz
## 207 Corporatist <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No  Swiz
## 208 Corporatist <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No  Swiz
## 209 Corporatist <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No  Swiz
## 210 Corporatist <NA>    Presumed         Informed         No  Swiz
## 211     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    UK
## 212     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    UK
## 213     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    UK
## 214     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    UK
## 215     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    UK
## 216     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    UK
## 217     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    UK
## 218     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    UK
## 219     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    UK
## 220     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    UK
## 221     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    UK
## 222     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    UK
## 223     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    UK
## 224     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes    UK
## 225     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   USA
## 226     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   USA
## 227     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   USA
## 228     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   USA
## 229     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   USA
## 230     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   USA
## 231     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   USA
## 232     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   USA
## 233     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   USA
## 234     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   USA
## 235     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   USA
## 236     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   USA
## 237     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   USA
## 238     Liberal   In    Informed         Informed        Yes   USA

Structure of Organ donation data

url_structure <- str(url)
## 'data.frame':    238 obs. of  21 variables:
##  $ country         : chr  "Australia" "Australia" "Australia" "Australia" ...
##  $ year            : int  NA 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 ...
##  $ donors          : num  NA 12.1 12.3 12.5 10.2 ...
##  $ pop             : int  17065 17284 17495 17667 17855 18072 18311 18518 18711 18926 ...
##  $ pop.dens        : num  0.22 0.223 0.226 0.228 0.231 ...
##  $ gdp             : int  16774 17171 17914 18883 19849 21079 21923 22961 24148 25445 ...
##  $ gdp.lag         : int  16591 16774 17171 17914 18883 19849 21079 21923 22961 24148 ...
##  $ health          : num  1300 1379 1455 1540 1626 ...
##  $ health.lag      : num  1224 1300 1379 1455 1540 ...
##  $ pubhealth       : num  4.8 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.9 6.1 ...
##  $ roads           : num  137 122 113 111 108 ...
##  $ cerebvas        : int  682 647 630 611 631 592 576 525 516 493 ...
##  $ assault         : int  21 19 17 18 17 16 17 17 16 15 ...
##  $ external        : int  444 425 406 376 387 371 395 385 410 409 ...
##  $ txp.pop         : num  0.938 0.926 0.915 0.906 0.896 ...
##  $ world           : chr  "Liberal" "Liberal" "Liberal" "Liberal" ...
##  $ opt             : chr  "In" "In" "In" "In" ...
##  $ consent.law     : chr  "Informed" "Informed" "Informed" "Informed" ...
##  $ consent.practice: chr  "Informed" "Informed" "Informed" "Informed" ...
##  $ consistent      : chr  "Yes" "Yes" "Yes" "Yes" ...
##  $ ccode           : chr  "Oz" "Oz" "Oz" "Oz" ...

gapminder data

library(gapminder)
## Warning: package 'gapminder' was built under R version 4.2.1
gapminder
## # A tibble: 1,704 × 6
##    country     continent  year lifeExp      pop gdpPercap
##    <fct>       <fct>     <int>   <dbl>    <int>     <dbl>
##  1 Afghanistan Asia       1952    28.8  8425333      779.
##  2 Afghanistan Asia       1957    30.3  9240934      821.
##  3 Afghanistan Asia       1962    32.0 10267083      853.
##  4 Afghanistan Asia       1967    34.0 11537966      836.
##  5 Afghanistan Asia       1972    36.1 13079460      740.
##  6 Afghanistan Asia       1977    38.4 14880372      786.
##  7 Afghanistan Asia       1982    39.9 12881816      978.
##  8 Afghanistan Asia       1987    40.8 13867957      852.
##  9 Afghanistan Asia       1992    41.7 16317921      649.
## 10 Afghanistan Asia       1997    41.8 22227415      635.
## # … with 1,694 more rows

scatter plot of gapminder

plot_gap <- ggplot(data = gapminder,
mapping = aes(x = gdpPercap, y = lifeExp, color = 'red'))
plot_gap + geom_point()