Load in the Dataset

Because airquality is a pre-built dataset, we can write it to our data directory to store it for later use.

library(tidyverse)
## ── Attaching packages ─────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse 1.3.2 ──
## ✔ ggplot2 3.3.6     ✔ purrr   0.3.4
## ✔ tibble  3.1.8     ✔ dplyr   1.0.9
## ✔ tidyr   1.2.0     ✔ stringr 1.4.1
## ✔ readr   2.1.2     ✔ forcats 0.5.2
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()

Load the dataset into your global environment

airquality <- airquality

Need to see the structure of the data

str(airquality)
## 'data.frame':    153 obs. of  6 variables:
##  $ Ozone  : int  41 36 12 18 NA 28 23 19 8 NA ...
##  $ Solar.R: int  190 118 149 313 NA NA 299 99 19 194 ...
##  $ Wind   : num  7.4 8 12.6 11.5 14.3 14.9 8.6 13.8 20.1 8.6 ...
##  $ Temp   : int  67 72 74 62 56 66 65 59 61 69 ...
##  $ Month  : int  5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 ...
##  $ Day    : int  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...

Calculate the mean

mean(airquality$Tem)
## [1] 77.88235
mean(airquality[,4])
## [1] 77.88235

Calculate Median, Standard Deviation, and Variance

median(airquality$Temp)
## [1] 79
sd(airquality$Wind)
## [1] 3.523001
var(airquality$Wind)
## [1] 12.41154

Change the Months from 5-9 to May through September

airquality$Month[airquality$Month == 5]<- "May"
airquality$Month[airquality$Month == 6]<- "June"
airquality$Month[airquality$Month == 7]<- "July"
airquality$Month[airquality$Month == 8]<- "August"
airquality$Month[airquality$Month == 9]<- "September"

Summary Statistics of the dataset

str(airquality)
## 'data.frame':    153 obs. of  6 variables:
##  $ Ozone  : int  41 36 12 18 NA 28 23 19 8 NA ...
##  $ Solar.R: int  190 118 149 313 NA NA 299 99 19 194 ...
##  $ Wind   : num  7.4 8 12.6 11.5 14.3 14.9 8.6 13.8 20.1 8.6 ...
##  $ Temp   : int  67 72 74 62 56 66 65 59 61 69 ...
##  $ Month  : chr  "May" "May" "May" "May" ...
##  $ Day    : int  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
summary(airquality)
##      Ozone           Solar.R           Wind             Temp      
##  Min.   :  1.00   Min.   :  7.0   Min.   : 1.700   Min.   :56.00  
##  1st Qu.: 18.00   1st Qu.:115.8   1st Qu.: 7.400   1st Qu.:72.00  
##  Median : 31.50   Median :205.0   Median : 9.700   Median :79.00  
##  Mean   : 42.13   Mean   :185.9   Mean   : 9.958   Mean   :77.88  
##  3rd Qu.: 63.25   3rd Qu.:258.8   3rd Qu.:11.500   3rd Qu.:85.00  
##  Max.   :168.00   Max.   :334.0   Max.   :20.700   Max.   :97.00  
##  NA's   :37       NA's   :7                                       
##     Month                Day      
##  Length:153         Min.   : 1.0  
##  Class :character   1st Qu.: 8.0  
##  Mode  :character   Median :16.0  
##                     Mean   :15.8  
##                     3rd Qu.:23.0  
##                     Max.   :31.0  
##

Reorder the Months so they do not default to alphabetical

airquality$Month<-factor(airquality$Month, levels=c("May", "June","July", "August", "September"))

Plot 1: Create a Histogram Categorized by Month with qplot

p1 <- qplot(data = airquality,Temp,fill = Month,geom = "histogram", bins = 20)
p1

## Histgram using ggplot ## Histogram of Average Temperature by Month

p2 <- airquality %>%
  ggplot(aes(x=Temp, fill=Month)) +
  geom_histogram(position="identity", alpha=0.5, binwidth = 5, color = "white")+
  scale_fill_discrete(name = "Month", labels = c("May", "June","July", "August", "September"))
p2

Side-by-side boxplots categorized by Month

p3 <- airquality %>%
  ggplot(aes(Month, Temp, fill = Month)) + 
  ggtitle("Temperatures") +
  xlab("Monthly Temperatures") +
  ylab("Frequency") +
  geom_boxplot() +
  scale_fill_discrete(name = "Month", labels = c("May", "June","July", "August", "September"))
p3

Side-by-side Boxplots in gray Scale

p4 <- airquality %>%
  ggplot(aes(Month, Temp, fill = Month)) + 
  ggtitle("Monthly Temperature Variations") +
  xlab("Monthly Temperatures") +
  ylab("Frequency") +
  geom_boxplot()+
  scale_fill_grey(name = "Month", labels = c("May", "June","July", "August", "September"))
p4

##Plot Number 5 ## Wind Speed

summary(airquality$Wind)
##    Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
##   1.700   7.400   9.700   9.958  11.500  20.700
p5 <- airquality %>%
ggplot(aes(x=Wind)) +
  ggtitle("Speed of the Wind") +
  ylab("frequency") +
  geom_histogram(position="identity", fill= "cyan4",  alpha = 0.9, binwidth = 1, color = "Dark Blue")+
  theme_gray() +
  theme(plot.title = element_text(size=15)) 
  p5

## Summary: In plot 5, I create an histogram that explores the wind speed and to show the frequency distributions.This is a multimodal histogram because it has more than two distinct peaks. ## I use the theme gray rahter than other color because the gray makes it easier to see the color of the bins and dark blue color to elevate the plot.

I use Wind for the X axis and yaxis(Frequency). To color the bins, I used Fill function. for the size of the bins, I used 1 because did not want the bins to look too big. Also, for the size of the title, I used the plot title function.