Principles of Data Visualization and Introduction to ggplot2

I have provided you with data about the 5,000 fastest growing companies in the US, as compiled by Inc. magazine. lets read this in:

inc <- read.csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/charleyferrari/CUNY_DATA_608/master/module1/Data/inc5000_data.csv", header= TRUE)

And lets preview this data:

head(inc)
summary(inc)
##       Rank          Name            Growth_Rate         Revenue         
##  Min.   :   1   Length:5001        Min.   :  0.340   Min.   :2.000e+06  
##  1st Qu.:1252   Class :character   1st Qu.:  0.770   1st Qu.:5.100e+06  
##  Median :2502   Mode  :character   Median :  1.420   Median :1.090e+07  
##  Mean   :2502                      Mean   :  4.612   Mean   :4.822e+07  
##  3rd Qu.:3751                      3rd Qu.:  3.290   3rd Qu.:2.860e+07  
##  Max.   :5000                      Max.   :421.480   Max.   :1.010e+10  
##                                                                         
##    Industry           Employees           City              State          
##  Length:5001        Min.   :    1.0   Length:5001        Length:5001       
##  Class :character   1st Qu.:   25.0   Class :character   Class :character  
##  Mode  :character   Median :   53.0   Mode  :character   Mode  :character  
##                     Mean   :  232.7                                        
##                     3rd Qu.:  132.0                                        
##                     Max.   :66803.0                                        
##                     NA's   :12

Think a bit on what these summaries mean. Use the space below to add some more relevant non-visual exploratory information you think helps you understand this data:

# load libraries
library(tidyverse)

Take a glimpse at the dataset

glimpse(inc)
## Rows: 5,001
## Columns: 8
## $ Rank        <int> 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,~
## $ Name        <chr> "Fuhu", "FederalConference.com", "The HCI Group", "Bridger~
## $ Growth_Rate <dbl> 421.48, 248.31, 245.45, 233.08, 213.37, 179.38, 174.04, 17~
## $ Revenue     <dbl> 1.179e+08, 4.960e+07, 2.550e+07, 1.900e+09, 8.700e+07, 4.5~
## $ Industry    <chr> "Consumer Products & Services", "Government Services", "He~
## $ Employees   <int> 104, 51, 132, 50, 220, 63, 27, 75, 97, 15, 149, 165, 250, ~
## $ City        <chr> "El Segundo", "Dumfries", "Jacksonville", "Addison", "Bost~
## $ State       <chr> "CA", "VA", "FL", "TX", "MA", "TX", "TN", "CA", "UT", "RI"~

Question 1

Create a graph that shows the distribution of companies in the dataset by State (ie how many are in each state). There are a lot of States, so consider which axis you should use. This visualization is ultimately going to be consumed on a ‘portrait’ oriented screen (ie taller than wide), which should further guide your layout choices.

# Distribution by state

# group the dataset
inc_by_state <- inc %>% group_by(State) %>% summarize(Count = n())
inc_by_state
# Generate the plot

inc_by_state_plot <- inc_by_state %>% ggplot(aes(x = reorder(State, Count), y = Count)) +
                      geom_bar(stat = "identity", fill = "red") + coord_flip() +
                      labs(title = "Number of Companies by State", x = "State", y = "Number of Companies") +
                      theme_bw() + theme(panel.grid.major = element_line(size = 0.4),
                      plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5),
                      panel.background = element_rect(fill = "cornsilk",
                      colour = "cornsilk"))

inc_by_state_plot

Quesiton 2

Lets dig in on the state with the 3rd most companies in the data set. Imagine you work for the state and are interested in how many people are employed by companies in different industries. Create a plot that shows the average and/or median employment by industry for companies in this state (only use cases with full data, use R’s complete.cases() function.) In addition to this, your graph should show how variable the ranges are, and you should deal with outliers.

# Boxplot for employments in NY by industry

state_ny <- inc %>% filter(State == "NY") %>% filter(complete.cases(.))

state_ny_boxplot <- state_ny %>%  ggplot(aes(x = Industry, y = Employees)) + geom_boxplot() + coord_flip() +
                    labs(title = "Distribution of Employments by Industry in NY", x = "Industry", y = "Number of Employees") + 
                    theme_bw() + theme(panel.grid.major = element_line(size = 0.4),
                                       plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5),
                                       panel.background = element_rect(fill = "cornsilk",
                                       colour = "cornsilk"))
state_ny_boxplot

# Dealing with outliers

state_ny_outliers <-  state_ny %>% ggplot(aes(x = Industry, y = Employees)) + geom_boxplot() +
                      labs(title = "Distribution of Employments by Industry in NY", 
                           x = "Industry", y = "Number of Employees") + coord_cartesian(ylim = c(0, 1800)) +
                      theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1))  + theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5),
                      panel.background = element_rect(fill = "cornsilk"))
  

state_ny_outliers

Question 3

Now imagine you work for an investor and want to see which industries generate the most revenue per employee. Create a chart that makes this information clear. Once again, the distribution per industry should be shown.

# Revenue summary by industry
revenue_summary <-  inc %>%
                    group_by(Industry) %>%
                    summarize(TotalRev = sum(Revenue), TotalEmp = sum(Employees), RevPerEmp = TotalRev/TotalEmp) %>%
                    arrange(desc(RevPerEmp)) %>%
                    na.omit()
revenue_summary
# plot the graph

rev_plot <- revenue_summary %>%  ggplot(aes(x = reorder(Industry, RevPerEmp), y = RevPerEmp)) +
            geom_bar(stat = "identity", fill ="Red") +
            labs(title = "Revenue per Employee by Industry", x = "Industy", y = "Revenue per Employee") +
            coord_flip() + theme_bw() + 
            theme(panel.grid.major = element_line(size = 0.4), plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5),
                  panel.background = element_rect(fill = "cornsilk", colour = "cornsilk"))


rev_plot