5em
NOTA_MT e LOCALIZAÇÃO (Urbana e Rural)
NOTA_LP e Ano de nascimento (2001 ou antes ; 2002 ou depois)
Para avaliar essas relações construa os gráficos adequados e medidas de posição e variabilidade segundo categorias das variáveis qualitativas. Você diria que a proficiência em matemática é maior em escolas urbanas? Existe diferença entre as proficiências em língua portuguesa segundo grupo de idade do estudante? Considere os testes: t de Student, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney e Kolmogorov-Smirnov. (Não se esqueça de testar normalidade e homocedasticidade - fazer referência, se vc já analisou esses aspectos anteriormente)
##
## Welch Two Sample t-test
##
## data: rural20$NOTA_MT and urbana20$NOTA_MT
## t = 1.0757, df = 5.847, p-value = 0.3244
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## -27.97426 71.36819
## sample estimates:
## mean of x mean of y
## 268.0597 246.3628
##
## Wilcoxon rank sum exact test
##
## data: rural20$NOTA_MT and urbana20$NOTA_MT
## W = 42, p-value = 0.3847
## alternative hypothesis: true location shift is not equal to 0
##
## Exact two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
##
## data: rural20$NOTA_MT and urbana20$NOTA_MT
## D = 0.4375, p-value = 0.5214
## alternative hypothesis: two-sided
##
## Welch Two Sample t-test
##
## data: rural200$NOTA_MT and urbana200$NOTA_MT
## t = -1.2507, df = 29.639, p-value = 0.2208
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## -32.180493 7.742997
## sample estimates:
## mean of x mean of y
## 246.6873 258.9060
##
## Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction
##
## data: rural200$NOTA_MT and urbana200$NOTA_MT
## W = 1757, p-value = 0.1826
## alternative hypothesis: true location shift is not equal to 0
##
## Exact two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
##
## data: rural200$NOTA_MT and urbana200$NOTA_MT
## D = 0.21402, p-value = 0.2509
## alternative hypothesis: two-sided
##
## Welch Two Sample t-test
##
## data: antes20$NOTA_LP and depois20$NOTA_LP
## t = -0.3601, df = 6.2827, p-value = 0.7306
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## -74.80237 55.42761
## sample estimates:
## mean of x mean of y
## 253.8469 263.5343
##
## Wilcoxon rank sum exact test
##
## data: antes20$NOTA_LP and depois20$NOTA_LP
## W = 33, p-value = 0.7354
## alternative hypothesis: true location shift is not equal to 0
##
## Exact two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
##
## data: antes20$NOTA_LP and depois20$NOTA_LP
## D = 0.33333, p-value = 0.7701
## alternative hypothesis: two-sided
##
## Welch Two Sample t-test
##
## data: antes200$NOTA_LP and depois200$NOTA_LP
## t = -4.389, df = 53.05, p-value = 5.454e-05
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## -57.03949 -21.25853
## sample estimates:
## mean of x mean of y
## 230.2571 269.4061
##
## Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction
##
## data: antes200$NOTA_LP and depois200$NOTA_LP
## W = 1727, p-value = 5.069e-05
## alternative hypothesis: true location shift is not equal to 0
##
## Exact two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
##
## data: antes200$NOTA_LP and depois200$NOTA_LP
## D = 0.36661, p-value = 0.0003884
## alternative hypothesis: two-sided
##
## Pearson chi-square normality test
##
## data: amostra20$NOTA_LP
## P = 1.7, p-value = 0.7907
##
## Pearson chi-square normality test
##
## data: amostra200$NOTA_LP
## P = 29.67, p-value = 0.008471
##
## Pearson chi-square normality test
##
## data: amostra20$NOTA_MT
## P = 3.8, p-value = 0.4337
##
## Pearson chi-square normality test
##
## data: amostra200$NOTA_MT
## P = 20.32, p-value = 0.1204
##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: amostra20$NOTA_LP
## W = 0.95157, p-value = 0.3915
##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: amostra200$NOTA_LP
## W = 0.97833, p-value = 0.003468
##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: amostra20$NOTA_MT
## W = 0.94585, p-value = 0.3085
##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: amostra200$NOTA_MT
## W = 0.9947, p-value = 0.705
##
## Anderson-Darling normality test
##
## data: amostra20$NOTA_LP
## A = 0.29621, p-value = 0.5583
##
## Anderson-Darling normality test
##
## data: amostra200$NOTA_LP
## A = 1.451, p-value = 0.0009283
##
## Anderson-Darling normality test
##
## data: amostra20$NOTA_MT
## A = 0.34378, p-value = 0.4519
##
## Anderson-Darling normality test
##
## data: amostra200$NOTA_MT
## A = 0.35056, p-value = 0.4682
Para uma análise mais aprofundada acerca da normalidade, favor conferir minhas atividades 2.2, 3.2 e 3.3.
##
## F test to compare two variances
##
## data: rural20$NOTA_MT and urbana20$NOTA_MT
## F = 0.59448, num df = 3, denom df = 15, p-value = 0.7435
## alternative hypothesis: true ratio of variances is not equal to 1
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## 0.1431514 8.4729486
## sample estimates:
## ratio of variances
## 0.5944798
##
## F test to compare two variances
##
## data: rural20$NOTA_MT and urbana20$NOTA_MT
## F = 0.59448, num df = 3, denom df = 15, p-value = 0.7435
## alternative hypothesis: true ratio of variances is not equal to 1
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## 0.1431514 8.4729486
## sample estimates:
## ratio of variances
## 0.5944798
##
## F test to compare two variances
##
## data: antes200$NOTA_LP and depois200$NOTA_LP
## F = 1.0296, num df = 36, denom df = 162, p-value = 0.8671
## alternative hypothesis: true ratio of variances is not equal to 1
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## 0.6406743 1.8023960
## sample estimates:
## ratio of variances
## 1.029612
##
## F test to compare two variances
##
## data: antes20$NOTA_LP and depois20$NOTA_LP
## F = 1.2538, num df = 4, denom df = 14, p-value = 0.6675
## alternative hypothesis: true ratio of variances is not equal to 1
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## 0.3221586 10.8878328
## sample estimates:
## ratio of variances
## 1.253814
Portando, os dados apresentam homocedasticidade.
##
## Paired t-test
##
## data: amostra20$NOTA_MT and amostra20$NOTA_LP
## t = -1.5089, df = 19, p-value = 0.9261
## alternative hypothesis: true mean difference is greater than 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## -22.3399 Inf
## sample estimates:
## mean difference
## -10.41031
##
## Wilcoxon signed rank exact test
##
## data: amostra20$NOTA_MT and amostra20$NOTA_LP
## V = 72, p-value = 0.2305
## alternative hypothesis: true location shift is not equal to 0
##
## Dependent-samples Sign-Test
##
## data: amostra20$NOTA_MT and amostra20$NOTA_LP
## S = 7, p-value = 0.9423
## alternative hypothesis: true median difference is greater than 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## -21.31161 Inf
## sample estimates:
## median of x-y
## -15.91809
##
## Achieved and Interpolated Confidence Intervals:
##
## Conf.Level L.E.pt U.E.pt
## Lower Achieved CI 0.9423 -20.6601 Inf
## Interpolated CI 0.9500 -21.3116 Inf
## Upper Achieved CI 0.9793 -23.8045 Inf
Todos os testes divergem da região de aceitação, evidenciando que a nota em língua portuguesa não influencia na nota em matemática no mesmo aluno, e vice-versa.