Galaxy Happiness
Lusui
06/13/2022
GALAXY HAPPINESS CASE STUDY
Task :Identify what makes galaxies better off;
Setting up environment
Notes:The following packages were used(description shown)
library(tidyverse)#For data cleaning and organizing## -- Attaching packages --------------------------------------- tidyverse 1.3.1 --## v ggplot2 3.3.5 v purrr 0.3.4
## v tibble 3.1.5 v dplyr 1.0.7
## v tidyr 1.1.4 v stringr 1.4.0
## v readr 2.0.2 v forcats 0.5.1## -- Conflicts ------------------------------------------ tidyverse_conflicts() --
## x dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## x dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()library(ggplot2)#For plotting
library(knitr)#For use with rmarkdown in presentation
library(lubridate)#For date use and conversion##
## Attaching package: 'lubridate'## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## date, intersect, setdiff, unionlibrary(rmarkdown)#For creating a sharable document
library(janitor)#For easing data cleaning##
## Attaching package: 'janitor'## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
##
## chisq.test, fisher.testlibrary(skimr)#For easy summaryIMPORT THE DATA(PREPARE)
Notes:One data set was imported for this analysis
#IMPORT THE DATA
#used only the validation dataset to increase accuracy
Test <- read_csv("C:\\Users\\Lusui\\OneDrive - CM Advocates, LLP\\Documents\\R\\Data\\Validation.csv")## Rows: 720 Columns: 81## -- Column specification --------------------------------------------------------
## Delimiter: ","
## chr (1): galaxy
## dbl (79): ID, galactic year, existence expectancy index, existence expectanc...
## lgl (1): Predicted Well-Being Index##
## i Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## i Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.PREVIEW THE DATA AND FIND THE STRUCTURE
Notes: Just the first 6 rows & then look at the structure
head(Test)## # A tibble: 6 x 81
## ID `galactic year` galaxy `existence expectan~ `existence expectanc~
## <dbl> <dbl> <chr> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 886447 1004004 Andromeda G~ 0.804 82.7
## 2 687564 1005006 Andromeda G~ 0.860 73.7
## 3 494935 1006009 Andromeda G~ 0.811 68.5
## 4 378919 1015056 Andromeda G~ 0.837 68.7
## 5 421878 1004004 Andromeda I 0.749 72.1
## 6 949719 1005006 Andromeda I 0.780 73.3
## # ... with 76 more variables: Gross income per capita <dbl>,
## # Income Index <dbl>, Expected years of education (galactic years) <dbl>,
## # Mean years of education (galactic years) <dbl>,
## # Intergalactic Development Index (IDI) <dbl>, Education Index <dbl>,
## # Intergalactic Development Index (IDI), Rank <dbl>,
## # Population using at least basic drinking-water services (%) <dbl>,
## # Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) <dbl>, ...tail(Test)## # A tibble: 6 x 81
## ID `galactic year` galaxy `existence expectan~ `existence expecta~
## <dbl> <dbl> <chr> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 881904 1012036 Willman 1 1.02 88.9
## 2 389587 1015056 Willman 1 1.01 92.5
## 3 17112 1003002 Wolf-Lundmark~ 0.628 58.8
## 4 583782 1004004 Wolf-Lundmark~ 0.604 58.3
## 5 823832 1005006 Wolf-Lundmark~ 0.574 53.4
## 6 872042 1006009 Wolf-Lundmark~ 0.615 58.8
## # ... with 76 more variables: Gross income per capita <dbl>,
## # Income Index <dbl>, Expected years of education (galactic years) <dbl>,
## # Mean years of education (galactic years) <dbl>,
## # Intergalactic Development Index (IDI) <dbl>, Education Index <dbl>,
## # Intergalactic Development Index (IDI), Rank <dbl>,
## # Population using at least basic drinking-water services (%) <dbl>,
## # Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) <dbl>, ...dim(Test)## [1] 720 81#Structure of the validation data set
str(Test)## spec_tbl_df [720 x 81] (S3: spec_tbl_df/tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
## $ ID : num [1:720] 886447 687564 494935 378919 421878 ...
## $ galactic year : num [1:720] 1004004 1005006 1006009 1015056 1004004 ...
## $ galaxy : chr [1:720] "Andromeda Galaxy (M31)" "Andromeda Galaxy (M31)" "Andromeda Galaxy (M31)" "Andromeda Galaxy (M31)" ...
## $ existence expectancy index : num [1:720] 0.804 0.86 0.811 0.837 0.749 ...
## $ existence expectancy at birth : num [1:720] 82.7 73.7 68.5 68.7 72.1 ...
## $ Gross income per capita : num [1:720] 17300 24972 15944 20953 30068 ...
## $ Income Index : num [1:720] 0.691 0.67 0.766 0.757 0.641 ...
## $ Expected years of education (galactic years) : num [1:720] 16.1 12.9 14.2 14.3 12.5 ...
## $ Mean years of education (galactic years) : num [1:720] 11.28 10.49 9.96 10.33 7.13 ...
## $ Intergalactic Development Index (IDI) : num [1:720] 0.716 0.728 0.757 0.759 0.674 ...
## $ Education Index : num [1:720] 0.746 0.807 0.853 0.801 0.529 ...
## $ Intergalactic Development Index (IDI), Rank : num [1:720] 192 173 180 186 155 ...
## $ Population using at least basic drinking-water services (%) : num [1:720] 70.1 67.8 88.5 82.5 73.7 ...
## $ Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) : num [1:720] 65.9 57.9 71.5 69.3 55.5 ...
## $ Gross capital formation (% of GGP) : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Population, total (millions) : num [1:720] NA 450 NA 929 NA ...
## $ Population, urban (%) : num [1:720] NA 73.4 NA 78.2 NA ...
## $ Mortality rate, under-five (per 1,000 live births) : num [1:720] NA 136.2 NA 93.4 NA ...
## $ Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) : num [1:720] NA 70.5 NA 68.7 NA ...
## $ Old age dependency ratio (old age (65 and older) per 100 creatures (ages 15-64)) : num [1:720] NA 18.5 NA 15.6 NA ...
## $ Population, ages 15–64 (millions) : num [1:720] NA 331 NA 394 NA ...
## $ Population, ages 65 and older (millions) : num [1:720] NA 68.6 NA 36.3 NA ...
## $ Life expectancy at birth, male (galactic years) : num [1:720] NA 75.5 NA 72.2 NA ...
## $ Life expectancy at birth, female (galactic years) : num [1:720] NA 71.6 NA 79.1 NA ...
## $ Population, under age 5 (millions) : num [1:720] NA 78.2 NA 131.8 NA ...
## $ Young age (0-14) dependency ratio (per 100 creatures ages 15-64) : num [1:720] NA 93 NA 84.2 NA ...
## $ Adolescent birth rate (births per 1,000 female creatures ages 15-19) : num [1:720] NA 88.3 NA 68.3 NA ...
## $ Total unemployment rate (female to male ratio) : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Vulnerable employment (% of total employment) : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Unemployment, total (% of labour force) : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Labour force participation rate (% ages 15 and older) : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Labour force participation rate (% ages 15 and older), female : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Employment in services (% of total employment) : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Labour force participation rate (% ages 15 and older), male : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Employment to population ratio (% ages 15 and older) : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Jungle area (% of total land area) : num [1:720] NA 32.6 NA 44.5 NA ...
## $ Share of employment in nonagriculture, female (% of total employment in nonagriculture): num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Youth unemployment rate (female to male ratio) : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Unemployment, youth (% ages 15–24) : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Mortality rate, female grown up (per 1,000 people) : num [1:720] NA 234 NA 216 NA ...
## $ Mortality rate, male grown up (per 1,000 people) : num [1:720] NA 406 NA 239 NA ...
## $ Infants lacking immunization, red hot disease (% of one-galactic year-olds) : num [1:720] NA 21.1 NA 35.1 NA ...
## $ Infants lacking immunization, Combination Vaccine (% of one-galactic year-olds) : num [1:720] NA 20.8 NA 29.2 NA ...
## $ Gross galactic product (GGP) per capita : num [1:720] NA 30438 NA 28106 NA ...
## $ Gross galactic product (GGP), total : num [1:720] NA 7941 NA 4887 NA ...
## $ Outer Galaxies direct investment, net inflows (% of GGP) : num [1:720] NA 17.51 NA 6.69 NA ...
## $ Exports and imports (% of GGP) : num [1:720] NA 178 NA 147 NA ...
## $ Share of seats in senate (% held by female) : num [1:720] NA 10 NA 18 NA ...
## $ Natural resource depletion : num [1:720] NA 13.32 NA 4.17 NA ...
## $ Mean years of education, female (galactic years) : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Mean years of education, male (galactic years) : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Expected years of education, female (galactic years) : num [1:720] NA 16.3 NA 14.9 NA ...
## $ Expected years of education, male (galactic years) : num [1:720] NA 15.5 NA 14.1 NA ...
## $ Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 live births) : num [1:720] NA 591 NA 290 NA ...
## $ Renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption) : num [1:720] NA 29.7 NA 33.4 NA ...
## $ Estimated gross galactic income per capita, male : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Estimated gross galactic income per capita, female : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Rural population with access to electricity (%) : num [1:720] NA 90.8 NA 129.6 NA ...
## $ Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GGP) : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Population with at least some secondary education, female (% ages 25 and older) : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Population with at least some secondary education, male (% ages 25 and older) : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Gross fixed capital formation (% of GGP) : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Remittances, inflows (% of GGP) : num [1:720] NA NA NA 20.1 NA ...
## $ Population with at least some secondary education (% ages 25 and older) : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Intergalactic inbound tourists (thousands) : num [1:720] NA 52897 NA 43168 NA ...
## $ Gross enrolment ratio, primary (% of primary under-age population) : num [1:720] NA 129 NA 121 NA ...
## $ Respiratory disease incidence (per 100,000 people) : num [1:720] NA 672 NA 726 NA ...
## $ Interstellar phone subscriptions (per 100 people) : num [1:720] NA 66.1 NA 66.3 NA ...
## $ Interstellar Data Net users, total (% of population) : num [1:720] NA 18.4 NA 34.9 NA ...
## $ Current health expenditure (% of GGP) : num [1:720] NA 15.56 NA 9.12 NA ...
## $ Intergalactic Development Index (IDI), female : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Intergalactic Development Index (IDI), male : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Gender Development Index (GDI) : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Intergalactic Development Index (IDI), female, Rank : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Intergalactic Development Index (IDI), male, Rank : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Adjusted net savings : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Creature Immunodeficiency Disease prevalence, adult (% ages 15-49), total : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Private galaxy capital flows (% of GGP) : num [1:720] NA NA NA 24.8 NA ...
## $ Gender Inequality Index (GII) : num [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Predicted Well-Being Index : logi [1:720] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## - attr(*, "spec")=
## .. cols(
## .. ID = col_double(),
## .. `galactic year` = col_double(),
## .. galaxy = col_character(),
## .. `existence expectancy index` = col_double(),
## .. `existence expectancy at birth` = col_double(),
## .. `Gross income per capita` = col_double(),
## .. `Income Index` = col_double(),
## .. `Expected years of education (galactic years)` = col_double(),
## .. `Mean years of education (galactic years)` = col_double(),
## .. `Intergalactic Development Index (IDI)` = col_double(),
## .. `Education Index` = col_double(),
## .. `Intergalactic Development Index (IDI), Rank` = col_double(),
## .. `Population using at least basic drinking-water services (%)` = col_double(),
## .. `Population using at least basic sanitation services (%)` = col_double(),
## .. `Gross capital formation (% of GGP)` = col_double(),
## .. `Population, total (millions)` = col_double(),
## .. `Population, urban (%)` = col_double(),
## .. `Mortality rate, under-five (per 1,000 live births)` = col_double(),
## .. `Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births)` = col_double(),
## .. `Old age dependency ratio (old age (65 and older) per 100 creatures (ages 15-64))` = col_double(),
## .. `Population, ages 15–64 (millions)` = col_double(),
## .. `Population, ages 65 and older (millions)` = col_double(),
## .. `Life expectancy at birth, male (galactic years)` = col_double(),
## .. `Life expectancy at birth, female (galactic years)` = col_double(),
## .. `Population, under age 5 (millions)` = col_double(),
## .. `Young age (0-14) dependency ratio (per 100 creatures ages 15-64)` = col_double(),
## .. `Adolescent birth rate (births per 1,000 female creatures ages 15-19)` = col_double(),
## .. `Total unemployment rate (female to male ratio)` = col_double(),
## .. `Vulnerable employment (% of total employment)` = col_double(),
## .. `Unemployment, total (% of labour force)` = col_double(),
## .. `Employment in agriculture (% of total employment)` = col_double(),
## .. `Labour force participation rate (% ages 15 and older)` = col_double(),
## .. `Labour force participation rate (% ages 15 and older), female` = col_double(),
## .. `Employment in services (% of total employment)` = col_double(),
## .. `Labour force participation rate (% ages 15 and older), male` = col_double(),
## .. `Employment to population ratio (% ages 15 and older)` = col_double(),
## .. `Jungle area (% of total land area)` = col_double(),
## .. `Share of employment in nonagriculture, female (% of total employment in nonagriculture)` = col_double(),
## .. `Youth unemployment rate (female to male ratio)` = col_double(),
## .. `Unemployment, youth (% ages 15–24)` = col_double(),
## .. `Mortality rate, female grown up (per 1,000 people)` = col_double(),
## .. `Mortality rate, male grown up (per 1,000 people)` = col_double(),
## .. `Infants lacking immunization, red hot disease (% of one-galactic year-olds)` = col_double(),
## .. `Infants lacking immunization, Combination Vaccine (% of one-galactic year-olds)` = col_double(),
## .. `Gross galactic product (GGP) per capita` = col_double(),
## .. `Gross galactic product (GGP), total` = col_double(),
## .. `Outer Galaxies direct investment, net inflows (% of GGP)` = col_double(),
## .. `Exports and imports (% of GGP)` = col_double(),
## .. `Share of seats in senate (% held by female)` = col_double(),
## .. `Natural resource depletion` = col_double(),
## .. `Mean years of education, female (galactic years)` = col_double(),
## .. `Mean years of education, male (galactic years)` = col_double(),
## .. `Expected years of education, female (galactic years)` = col_double(),
## .. `Expected years of education, male (galactic years)` = col_double(),
## .. `Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 live births)` = col_double(),
## .. `Renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption)` = col_double(),
## .. `Estimated gross galactic income per capita, male` = col_double(),
## .. `Estimated gross galactic income per capita, female` = col_double(),
## .. `Rural population with access to electricity (%)` = col_double(),
## .. `Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GGP)` = col_double(),
## .. `Population with at least some secondary education, female (% ages 25 and older)` = col_double(),
## .. `Population with at least some secondary education, male (% ages 25 and older)` = col_double(),
## .. `Gross fixed capital formation (% of GGP)` = col_double(),
## .. `Remittances, inflows (% of GGP)` = col_double(),
## .. `Population with at least some secondary education (% ages 25 and older)` = col_double(),
## .. `Intergalactic inbound tourists (thousands)` = col_double(),
## .. `Gross enrolment ratio, primary (% of primary under-age population)` = col_double(),
## .. `Respiratory disease incidence (per 100,000 people)` = col_double(),
## .. `Interstellar phone subscriptions (per 100 people)` = col_double(),
## .. `Interstellar Data Net users, total (% of population)` = col_double(),
## .. `Current health expenditure (% of GGP)` = col_double(),
## .. `Intergalactic Development Index (IDI), female` = col_double(),
## .. `Intergalactic Development Index (IDI), male` = col_double(),
## .. `Gender Development Index (GDI)` = col_double(),
## .. `Intergalactic Development Index (IDI), female, Rank` = col_double(),
## .. `Intergalactic Development Index (IDI), male, Rank` = col_double(),
## .. `Adjusted net savings` = col_double(),
## .. `Creature Immunodeficiency Disease prevalence, adult (% ages 15-49), total` = col_double(),
## .. `Private galaxy capital flows (% of GGP)` = col_double(),
## .. `Gender Inequality Index (GII)` = col_double(),
## .. `Predicted Well-Being Index` = col_logical()
## .. )
## - attr(*, "problems")=<externalptr>#WHOLE DATASET
View(Test)
summary(Test)## ID galactic year galaxy
## Min. : 13606 Min. :1003002 Length:720
## 1st Qu.:305459 1st Qu.:1006009 Class :character
## Median :538093 Median :1011030 Mode :character
## Mean :540576 Mean :1010517
## 3rd Qu.:793179 3rd Qu.:1013042
## Max. :999488 Max. :1015056
##
## existence expectancy index existence expectancy at birth
## Min. :0.4405 Min. : 49.56
## 1st Qu.:0.8188 1st Qu.: 73.59
## Median :0.9419 Median : 81.64
## Mean :0.9170 Mean : 79.69
## 3rd Qu.:1.0283 3rd Qu.: 87.02
## Max. :1.2469 Max. :100.21
##
## Gross income per capita Income Index
## Min. : 547.6 Min. :0.3448
## 1st Qu.: 21838.7 1st Qu.:0.7107
## Median : 28904.6 Median :0.8702
## Mean : 33855.6 Mean :0.8575
## 3rd Qu.: 39838.0 3rd Qu.:1.0009
## Max. :151072.7 Max. :1.3249
##
## Expected years of education (galactic years)
## Min. : 4.879
## 1st Qu.:13.768
## Median :16.028
## Mean :15.943
## 3rd Qu.:18.158
## Max. :26.956
##
## Mean years of education (galactic years) Intergalactic Development Index (IDI)
## Min. : 2.435 Min. :0.3797
## 1st Qu.: 8.527 1st Qu.:0.7224
## Median :11.332 Median :0.8661
## Mean :11.158 Mean :0.8479
## 3rd Qu.:13.873 3rd Qu.:0.9674
## Max. :18.771 Max. :1.2328
## NA's :3 NA's :3
## Education Index Intergalactic Development Index (IDI), Rank
## Min. :0.3311 Min. : 13.93
## 1st Qu.:0.6613 1st Qu.: 96.98
## Median :0.8049 Median :149.49
## Mean :0.8036 Mean :146.06
## 3rd Qu.:0.9515 3rd Qu.:193.15
## Max. :1.2696 Max. :266.97
## NA's :3 NA's :7
## Population using at least basic drinking-water services (%)
## Min. : 44.64
## 1st Qu.: 92.12
## Median :109.85
## Mean :103.69
## 3rd Qu.:117.92
## Max. :136.32
## NA's :5
## Population using at least basic sanitation services (%)
## Min. : 21.08
## 1st Qu.: 77.02
## Median :112.41
## Mean :101.76
## 3rd Qu.:126.91
## Max. :158.41
## NA's :7
## Gross capital formation (% of GGP) Population, total (millions)
## Min. : 2.486 Min. : 47.72
## 1st Qu.:27.438 1st Qu.: 595.89
## Median :31.577 Median : 777.22
## Mean :32.652 Mean : 819.71
## 3rd Qu.:37.006 3rd Qu.: 935.65
## Max. :72.306 Max. :7993.32
## NA's :94 NA's :150
## Population, urban (%) Mortality rate, under-five (per 1,000 live births)
## Min. : 22.73 Min. : 9.723
## 1st Qu.: 59.78 1st Qu.: 54.745
## Median : 80.95 Median : 72.431
## Mean : 79.83 Mean : 82.746
## 3rd Qu.:100.80 3rd Qu.:103.782
## Max. :129.91 Max. :229.692
## NA's :150 NA's :150
## Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births)
## Min. : 15.31
## 1st Qu.: 37.24
## Median : 50.25
## Mean : 55.81
## 3rd Qu.: 71.06
## Max. :146.37
## NA's :150
## Old age dependency ratio (old age (65 and older) per 100 creatures (ages 15-64))
## Min. : 4.297
## 1st Qu.:13.263
## Median :17.125
## Mean :19.613
## 3rd Qu.:25.113
## Max. :52.216
## NA's :152
## Population, ages 15â\200“64 (millions) Population, ages 65 and older (millions)
## Min. : 66.4 Min. : 2.811
## 1st Qu.: 394.2 1st Qu.: 44.165
## Median : 496.6 Median : 57.658
## Mean : 532.3 Mean : 61.841
## 3rd Qu.: 599.1 3rd Qu.: 70.441
## Max. :5542.8 Max. :649.493
## NA's :152 NA's :152
## Life expectancy at birth, male (galactic years)
## Min. :52.79
## 1st Qu.:71.13
## Median :78.02
## Mean :77.10
## 3rd Qu.:83.60
## Max. :95.54
## NA's :152
## Life expectancy at birth, female (galactic years)
## Min. : 51.79
## 1st Qu.: 76.01
## Median : 84.89
## Mean : 82.44
## 3rd Qu.: 89.97
## Max. :101.68
## NA's :152
## Population, under age 5 (millions)
## Min. : -2.09
## 1st Qu.: 58.72
## Median : 75.34
## Mean : 80.82
## 3rd Qu.: 92.44
## Max. :780.96
## NA's :152
## Young age (0-14) dependency ratio (per 100 creatures ages 15-64)
## Min. : 11.62
## 1st Qu.: 52.23
## Median : 68.25
## Mean : 72.53
## 3rd Qu.: 91.56
## Max. :133.50
## NA's :152
## Adolescent birth rate (births per 1,000 female creatures ages 15-19)
## Min. : 21.37
## 1st Qu.: 67.11
## Median : 97.02
## Mean :105.43
## 3rd Qu.:135.81
## Max. :265.29
## NA's :152
## Total unemployment rate (female to male ratio)
## Min. : 1.284
## 1st Qu.: 2.203
## Median : 2.624
## Mean : 2.856
## 3rd Qu.: 3.122
## Max. :29.657
## NA's :156
## Vulnerable employment (% of total employment)
## Min. : 12.13
## 1st Qu.: 42.15
## Median : 63.35
## Mean : 67.55
## 3rd Qu.: 90.64
## Max. :143.93
## NA's :156
## Unemployment, total (% of labour force)
## Min. : 2.352
## 1st Qu.:10.138
## Median :13.328
## Mean :14.518
## 3rd Qu.:17.373
## Max. :39.764
## NA's :156
## Employment in agriculture (% of total employment)
## Min. : -0.6828
## 1st Qu.: 31.5589
## Median : 46.0938
## Mean : 51.2073
## 3rd Qu.: 67.2907
## Max. :123.4808
## NA's :156
## Labour force participation rate (% ages 15 and older)
## Min. :44.24
## 1st Qu.:65.61
## Median :73.17
## Mean :72.72
## 3rd Qu.:79.53
## Max. :99.87
## NA's :156
## Labour force participation rate (% ages 15 and older), female
## Min. : 19.86
## 1st Qu.: 58.75
## Median : 68.69
## Mean : 67.38
## 3rd Qu.: 76.61
## Max. :108.46
## NA's :156
## Employment in services (% of total employment)
## Min. : 13.82
## 1st Qu.: 58.08
## Median : 73.03
## Mean : 71.22
## 3rd Qu.: 86.67
## Max. :110.76
## NA's :156
## Labour force participation rate (% ages 15 and older), male
## Min. : 47.24
## 1st Qu.: 75.88
## Median : 82.30
## Mean : 81.58
## 3rd Qu.: 88.23
## Max. :106.05
## NA's :156
## Employment to population ratio (% ages 15 and older)
## Min. : 33.40
## 1st Qu.: 61.16
## Median : 69.76
## Mean : 68.93
## 3rd Qu.: 76.63
## Max. :100.91
## NA's :156
## Jungle area (% of total land area)
## Min. : 11.28
## 1st Qu.: 34.70
## Median : 55.40
## Mean : 54.98
## 3rd Qu.: 70.01
## Max. :128.33
## NA's :157
## Share of employment in nonagriculture, female (% of total employment in nonagriculture)
## Min. :16.48
## 1st Qu.:47.27
## Median :53.78
## Mean :51.27
## 3rd Qu.:58.87
## Max. :74.39
## NA's :156
## Youth unemployment rate (female to male ratio)
## Min. : 0.8659
## 1st Qu.: 1.8498
## Median : 2.1902
## Mean : 2.3021
## 3rd Qu.: 2.6100
## Max. :14.7963
## NA's :156
## Unemployment, youth (% ages 15â\200“24)
## Min. : 6.184
## 1st Qu.:20.762
## Median :26.992
## Mean :30.011
## 3rd Qu.:36.733
## Max. :79.745
## NA's :156
## Mortality rate, female grown up (per 1,000 people)
## Min. : 65.33
## 1st Qu.:173.29
## Median :219.50
## Mean :249.33
## 3rd Qu.:304.53
## Max. :764.79
## NA's :163
## Mortality rate, male grown up (per 1,000 people)
## Min. : 95.94
## 1st Qu.:234.82
## Median :302.59
## Mean :321.76
## 3rd Qu.:391.62
## Max. :854.03
## NA's :163
## Infants lacking immunization, red hot disease (% of one-galactic year-olds)
## Min. : 2.338
## 1st Qu.:18.638
## Median :23.999
## Mean :27.725
## 3rd Qu.:32.756
## Max. :94.773
## NA's :151
## Infants lacking immunization, Combination Vaccine (% of one-galactic year-olds)
## Min. : 2.752
## 1st Qu.:11.467
## Median :14.822
## Mean :17.583
## 3rd Qu.:19.468
## Max. :65.516
## NA's :151
## Gross galactic product (GGP) per capita Gross galactic product (GGP), total
## Min. : 4352 Min. : -933.2
## 1st Qu.: 22296 1st Qu.: 5571.8
## Median : 29566 Median : 7427.0
## Mean : 35123 Mean : 8120.2
## 3rd Qu.: 42686 3rd Qu.: 9017.9
## Max. :134637 Max. :112391.3
## NA's :158 NA's :158
## Outer Galaxies direct investment, net inflows (% of GGP)
## Min. : 0.7825
## 1st Qu.: 13.5985
## Median : 17.5085
## Mean : 19.0925
## 3rd Qu.: 21.8751
## Max. :258.9699
## NA's :159
## Exports and imports (% of GGP) Share of seats in senate (% held by female)
## Min. : 18.99 Min. : 4.228
## 1st Qu.:106.67 1st Qu.:21.855
## Median :131.47 Median :28.546
## Mean :138.36 Mean :30.323
## 3rd Qu.:159.11 3rd Qu.:37.186
## Max. :477.06 Max. :69.852
## NA's :176 NA's :178
## Natural resource depletion Mean years of education, female (galactic years)
## Min. :-0.3745 Min. : 2.318
## 1st Qu.: 8.8872 1st Qu.: 8.229
## Median :11.5496 Median :11.870
## Mean :14.0895 Mean :11.361
## 3rd Qu.:16.4786 3rd Qu.:14.319
## Max. :63.0449 Max. :18.493
## NA's :173 NA's :179
## Mean years of education, male (galactic years)
## Min. : 4.309
## 1st Qu.: 9.360
## Median :11.549
## Mean :11.529
## 3rd Qu.:13.883
## Max. :18.534
## NA's :179
## Expected years of education, female (galactic years)
## Min. : 4.592
## 1st Qu.:14.445
## Median :16.957
## Mean :16.706
## 3rd Qu.:19.077
## Max. :26.982
## NA's :174
## Expected years of education, male (galactic years)
## Min. : 7.333
## 1st Qu.:14.005
## Median :15.738
## Mean :15.824
## 3rd Qu.:17.597
## Max. :24.252
## NA's :174
## Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 live births)
## Min. : 62.16
## 1st Qu.: 311.26
## Median : 425.07
## Mean : 503.69
## 3rd Qu.: 597.37
## Max. :2060.55
## NA's :152
## Renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption)
## Min. : 4.997
## 1st Qu.: 39.055
## Median : 54.174
## Mean : 62.969
## 3rd Qu.: 83.632
## Max. :144.602
## NA's :152
## Estimated gross galactic income per capita, male
## Min. : 7092
## 1st Qu.: 27767
## Median : 37704
## Mean : 43592
## 3rd Qu.: 53174
## Max. :187664
## NA's :158
## Estimated gross galactic income per capita, female
## Min. : 5875
## 1st Qu.:15408
## Median :20385
## Mean :24564
## 3rd Qu.:29009
## Max. :83639
## NA's :158
## Rural population with access to electricity (%)
## Min. : 10.39
## 1st Qu.: 79.03
## Median :123.84
## Mean :108.85
## 3rd Qu.:138.43
## Max. :174.91
## NA's :154
## Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GGP)
## Min. :-38.30
## 1st Qu.: 81.76
## Median :111.12
## Mean :127.14
## 3rd Qu.:160.50
## Max. :555.80
## NA's :188
## Population with at least some secondary education, female (% ages 25 and older)
## Min. : 7.788
## 1st Qu.: 61.951
## Median : 90.157
## Mean : 87.492
## 3rd Qu.:113.656
## Max. :153.671
## NA's :213
## Population with at least some secondary education, male (% ages 25 and older)
## Min. : 21.66
## 1st Qu.: 66.71
## Median : 89.68
## Mean : 89.30
## 3rd Qu.:114.39
## Max. :150.70
## NA's :215
## Gross fixed capital formation (% of GGP) Remittances, inflows (% of GGP)
## Min. :11.16 Min. :-0.0779
## 1st Qu.:26.22 1st Qu.: 7.6502
## Median :30.11 Median :10.4218
## Mean :30.91 Mean :12.3297
## 3rd Qu.:34.54 3rd Qu.:14.4629
## Max. :66.37 Max. :49.3928
## NA's :210 NA's :199
## Population with at least some secondary education (% ages 25 and older)
## Min. : 9.873
## 1st Qu.: 65.499
## Median : 92.298
## Mean : 89.231
## 3rd Qu.:115.099
## Max. :147.542
## NA's :228
## Intergalactic inbound tourists (thousands)
## Min. : 7989
## 1st Qu.: 77357
## Median : 100658
## Mean : 108126
## 3rd Qu.: 122882
## Max. :1228843
## NA's :191
## Gross enrolment ratio, primary (% of primary under-age population)
## Min. : 55.84
## 1st Qu.:112.21
## Median :118.26
## Mean :118.83
## 3rd Qu.:125.43
## Max. :168.98
## NA's :249
## Respiratory disease incidence (per 100,000 people)
## Min. : 38.87
## 1st Qu.: 193.30
## Median : 253.52
## Mean : 304.01
## 3rd Qu.: 357.42
## Max. :1240.16
## NA's :151
## Interstellar phone subscriptions (per 100 people)
## Min. : 21.07
## 1st Qu.:104.68
## Median :143.69
## Mean :136.57
## 3rd Qu.:164.96
## Max. :271.31
## NA's :152
## Interstellar Data Net users, total (% of population)
## Min. : 16.48
## 1st Qu.: 41.38
## Median : 59.46
## Mean : 66.03
## 3rd Qu.: 89.69
## Max. :141.38
## NA's :163
## Current health expenditure (% of GGP)
## Min. : 2.314
## 1st Qu.: 6.961
## Median : 8.704
## Mean : 9.042
## 3rd Qu.:10.842
## Max. :23.532
## NA's :166
## Intergalactic Development Index (IDI), female
## Min. :0.3360
## 1st Qu.:0.7184
## Median :0.8607
## Mean :0.8478
## 3rd Qu.:0.9876
## Max. :1.2377
## NA's :201
## Intergalactic Development Index (IDI), male Gender Development Index (GDI)
## Min. :0.4152 Min. :0.6975
## 1st Qu.:0.7557 1st Qu.:0.9762
## Median :0.8872 Median :1.0363
## Mean :0.8648 Mean :1.0180
## 3rd Qu.:0.9760 3rd Qu.:1.0743
## Max. :1.1827 Max. :1.1679
## NA's :201 NA's :201
## Intergalactic Development Index (IDI), female, Rank
## Min. : 23.22
## 1st Qu.: 87.31
## Median :125.21
## Mean :126.28
## 3rd Qu.:167.09
## Max. :232.72
## NA's :214
## Intergalactic Development Index (IDI), male, Rank Adjusted net savings
## Min. : 19.73 Min. :-76.74
## 1st Qu.: 85.21 1st Qu.: 14.66
## Median :126.31 Median : 22.78
## Mean :125.30 Mean : 21.46
## 3rd Qu.:163.69 3rd Qu.: 29.56
## Max. :233.92 Max. : 57.73
## NA's :214 NA's :255
## Creature Immunodeficiency Disease prevalence, adult (% ages 15-49), total
## Min. : 0.1189
## 1st Qu.: 4.3407
## Median : 5.4156
## Mean : 6.7275
## 3rd Qu.: 7.0092
## Max. :36.5385
## NA's :301
## Private galaxy capital flows (% of GGP) Gender Inequality Index (GII)
## Min. :-735.19 Min. :0.08909
## 1st Qu.: 17.24 1st Qu.:0.40372
## Median : 24.67 Median :0.60172
## Mean : 21.01 Mean :0.57478
## 3rd Qu.: 31.61 3rd Qu.:0.73625
## Max. : 85.51 Max. :1.03357
## NA's :230 NA's :239
## Predicted Well-Being Index
## Mode:logical
## NA's:720
##
##
##
##
## CLEANING(PROCESS)
CHECK FOR ANY DUPLICATES AND MISSING VALUES
Notes: Check is done by different simple functions
#unique users check
n_distinct(Test)## [1] 720#All values are distinct
#check for any na values
sum(is.na(Test))## [1] 12178# 12178 Nas
#Conclusuion:there are 12178 cumulative na values in the data set
#There are no duplicated ValuesREMOVE NA VALUES AND CHECK FOR DUPLICATES
Notes: We will remove NAs as a precautionary measure
#Duplicates check
n_distinct(Test)## [1] 720#clean
#Checking for Nas
sum(is.na(Test))## [1] 12178# 12178 Nas
#to maintain data integrity we exclude nas but still maintain row count to maintain a high confidence level and reduce margin of error
test2 <- na.exclude(Test)
sum(is.na(test2))#nas clean## [1] 0#attempt at using piping to drop nas
Test3<- Test%>%
distinct()%>%
drop_na()
#checking the structure of our new second dataset
str(test2)## tibble [0 x 81] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
## $ ID : num(0)
## $ galactic year : num(0)
## $ galaxy : chr(0)
## $ existence expectancy index : num(0)
## $ existence expectancy at birth : num(0)
## $ Gross income per capita : num(0)
## $ Income Index : num(0)
## $ Expected years of education (galactic years) : num(0)
## $ Mean years of education (galactic years) : num(0)
## $ Intergalactic Development Index (IDI) : num(0)
## $ Education Index : num(0)
## $ Intergalactic Development Index (IDI), Rank : num(0)
## $ Population using at least basic drinking-water services (%) : num(0)
## $ Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) : num(0)
## $ Gross capital formation (% of GGP) : num(0)
## $ Population, total (millions) : num(0)
## $ Population, urban (%) : num(0)
## $ Mortality rate, under-five (per 1,000 live births) : num(0)
## $ Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) : num(0)
## $ Old age dependency ratio (old age (65 and older) per 100 creatures (ages 15-64)) : num(0)
## $ Population, ages 15–64 (millions) : num(0)
## $ Population, ages 65 and older (millions) : num(0)
## $ Life expectancy at birth, male (galactic years) : num(0)
## $ Life expectancy at birth, female (galactic years) : num(0)
## $ Population, under age 5 (millions) : num(0)
## $ Young age (0-14) dependency ratio (per 100 creatures ages 15-64) : num(0)
## $ Adolescent birth rate (births per 1,000 female creatures ages 15-19) : num(0)
## $ Total unemployment rate (female to male ratio) : num(0)
## $ Vulnerable employment (% of total employment) : num(0)
## $ Unemployment, total (% of labour force) : num(0)
## $ Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) : num(0)
## $ Labour force participation rate (% ages 15 and older) : num(0)
## $ Labour force participation rate (% ages 15 and older), female : num(0)
## $ Employment in services (% of total employment) : num(0)
## $ Labour force participation rate (% ages 15 and older), male : num(0)
## $ Employment to population ratio (% ages 15 and older) : num(0)
## $ Jungle area (% of total land area) : num(0)
## $ Share of employment in nonagriculture, female (% of total employment in nonagriculture): num(0)
## $ Youth unemployment rate (female to male ratio) : num(0)
## $ Unemployment, youth (% ages 15–24) : num(0)
## $ Mortality rate, female grown up (per 1,000 people) : num(0)
## $ Mortality rate, male grown up (per 1,000 people) : num(0)
## $ Infants lacking immunization, red hot disease (% of one-galactic year-olds) : num(0)
## $ Infants lacking immunization, Combination Vaccine (% of one-galactic year-olds) : num(0)
## $ Gross galactic product (GGP) per capita : num(0)
## $ Gross galactic product (GGP), total : num(0)
## $ Outer Galaxies direct investment, net inflows (% of GGP) : num(0)
## $ Exports and imports (% of GGP) : num(0)
## $ Share of seats in senate (% held by female) : num(0)
## $ Natural resource depletion : num(0)
## $ Mean years of education, female (galactic years) : num(0)
## $ Mean years of education, male (galactic years) : num(0)
## $ Expected years of education, female (galactic years) : num(0)
## $ Expected years of education, male (galactic years) : num(0)
## $ Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 live births) : num(0)
## $ Renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption) : num(0)
## $ Estimated gross galactic income per capita, male : num(0)
## $ Estimated gross galactic income per capita, female : num(0)
## $ Rural population with access to electricity (%) : num(0)
## $ Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GGP) : num(0)
## $ Population with at least some secondary education, female (% ages 25 and older) : num(0)
## $ Population with at least some secondary education, male (% ages 25 and older) : num(0)
## $ Gross fixed capital formation (% of GGP) : num(0)
## $ Remittances, inflows (% of GGP) : num(0)
## $ Population with at least some secondary education (% ages 25 and older) : num(0)
## $ Intergalactic inbound tourists (thousands) : num(0)
## $ Gross enrolment ratio, primary (% of primary under-age population) : num(0)
## $ Respiratory disease incidence (per 100,000 people) : num(0)
## $ Interstellar phone subscriptions (per 100 people) : num(0)
## $ Interstellar Data Net users, total (% of population) : num(0)
## $ Current health expenditure (% of GGP) : num(0)
## $ Intergalactic Development Index (IDI), female : num(0)
## $ Intergalactic Development Index (IDI), male : num(0)
## $ Gender Development Index (GDI) : num(0)
## $ Intergalactic Development Index (IDI), female, Rank : num(0)
## $ Intergalactic Development Index (IDI), male, Rank : num(0)
## $ Adjusted net savings : num(0)
## $ Creature Immunodeficiency Disease prevalence, adult (% ages 15-49), total : num(0)
## $ Private galaxy capital flows (% of GGP) : num(0)
## $ Gender Inequality Index (GII) : num(0)
## $ Predicted Well-Being Index : logi(0)
## - attr(*, "na.action")= 'exclude' Named int [1:720] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
## ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:720] "1" "2" "3" "4" ...dim(test2)## [1] 0 81#checking the structure of our new third dataset
str(Test3)## tibble [0 x 81] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
## $ ID : num(0)
## $ galactic year : num(0)
## $ galaxy : chr(0)
## $ existence expectancy index : num(0)
## $ existence expectancy at birth : num(0)
## $ Gross income per capita : num(0)
## $ Income Index : num(0)
## $ Expected years of education (galactic years) : num(0)
## $ Mean years of education (galactic years) : num(0)
## $ Intergalactic Development Index (IDI) : num(0)
## $ Education Index : num(0)
## $ Intergalactic Development Index (IDI), Rank : num(0)
## $ Population using at least basic drinking-water services (%) : num(0)
## $ Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) : num(0)
## $ Gross capital formation (% of GGP) : num(0)
## $ Population, total (millions) : num(0)
## $ Population, urban (%) : num(0)
## $ Mortality rate, under-five (per 1,000 live births) : num(0)
## $ Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) : num(0)
## $ Old age dependency ratio (old age (65 and older) per 100 creatures (ages 15-64)) : num(0)
## $ Population, ages 15–64 (millions) : num(0)
## $ Population, ages 65 and older (millions) : num(0)
## $ Life expectancy at birth, male (galactic years) : num(0)
## $ Life expectancy at birth, female (galactic years) : num(0)
## $ Population, under age 5 (millions) : num(0)
## $ Young age (0-14) dependency ratio (per 100 creatures ages 15-64) : num(0)
## $ Adolescent birth rate (births per 1,000 female creatures ages 15-19) : num(0)
## $ Total unemployment rate (female to male ratio) : num(0)
## $ Vulnerable employment (% of total employment) : num(0)
## $ Unemployment, total (% of labour force) : num(0)
## $ Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) : num(0)
## $ Labour force participation rate (% ages 15 and older) : num(0)
## $ Labour force participation rate (% ages 15 and older), female : num(0)
## $ Employment in services (% of total employment) : num(0)
## $ Labour force participation rate (% ages 15 and older), male : num(0)
## $ Employment to population ratio (% ages 15 and older) : num(0)
## $ Jungle area (% of total land area) : num(0)
## $ Share of employment in nonagriculture, female (% of total employment in nonagriculture): num(0)
## $ Youth unemployment rate (female to male ratio) : num(0)
## $ Unemployment, youth (% ages 15–24) : num(0)
## $ Mortality rate, female grown up (per 1,000 people) : num(0)
## $ Mortality rate, male grown up (per 1,000 people) : num(0)
## $ Infants lacking immunization, red hot disease (% of one-galactic year-olds) : num(0)
## $ Infants lacking immunization, Combination Vaccine (% of one-galactic year-olds) : num(0)
## $ Gross galactic product (GGP) per capita : num(0)
## $ Gross galactic product (GGP), total : num(0)
## $ Outer Galaxies direct investment, net inflows (% of GGP) : num(0)
## $ Exports and imports (% of GGP) : num(0)
## $ Share of seats in senate (% held by female) : num(0)
## $ Natural resource depletion : num(0)
## $ Mean years of education, female (galactic years) : num(0)
## $ Mean years of education, male (galactic years) : num(0)
## $ Expected years of education, female (galactic years) : num(0)
## $ Expected years of education, male (galactic years) : num(0)
## $ Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 live births) : num(0)
## $ Renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption) : num(0)
## $ Estimated gross galactic income per capita, male : num(0)
## $ Estimated gross galactic income per capita, female : num(0)
## $ Rural population with access to electricity (%) : num(0)
## $ Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GGP) : num(0)
## $ Population with at least some secondary education, female (% ages 25 and older) : num(0)
## $ Population with at least some secondary education, male (% ages 25 and older) : num(0)
## $ Gross fixed capital formation (% of GGP) : num(0)
## $ Remittances, inflows (% of GGP) : num(0)
## $ Population with at least some secondary education (% ages 25 and older) : num(0)
## $ Intergalactic inbound tourists (thousands) : num(0)
## $ Gross enrolment ratio, primary (% of primary under-age population) : num(0)
## $ Respiratory disease incidence (per 100,000 people) : num(0)
## $ Interstellar phone subscriptions (per 100 people) : num(0)
## $ Interstellar Data Net users, total (% of population) : num(0)
## $ Current health expenditure (% of GGP) : num(0)
## $ Intergalactic Development Index (IDI), female : num(0)
## $ Intergalactic Development Index (IDI), male : num(0)
## $ Gender Development Index (GDI) : num(0)
## $ Intergalactic Development Index (IDI), female, Rank : num(0)
## $ Intergalactic Development Index (IDI), male, Rank : num(0)
## $ Adjusted net savings : num(0)
## $ Creature Immunodeficiency Disease prevalence, adult (% ages 15-49), total : num(0)
## $ Private galaxy capital flows (% of GGP) : num(0)
## $ Gender Inequality Index (GII) : num(0)
## $ Predicted Well-Being Index : logi(0)dim(Test3)## [1] 0 81Notes: WE TRIED CLEANING WITH 2 DIFFERENT METHODS, BOTH LED TO SAME RESULT WE CONCLUDE THAT THERE EXISTS NAS IN EVERY SINGLE ROW WE WILL THEREFORE NOT OMIT/EXCLUDE NAs WE ARE LEFT WITH ZERO ROWS IF WE OMIT NAs
CLEANING THE COLUMN NAMES
Notes: to prevent errors when referencing column
#CLEANING COLUMN NAMES
Test_clean <- clean_names(Test)
#confirming if column names were changed
colnames(Test_clean)## [1] "id"
## [2] "galactic_year"
## [3] "galaxy"
## [4] "existence_expectancy_index"
## [5] "existence_expectancy_at_birth"
## [6] "gross_income_per_capita"
## [7] "income_index"
## [8] "expected_years_of_education_galactic_years"
## [9] "mean_years_of_education_galactic_years"
## [10] "intergalactic_development_index_idi"
## [11] "education_index"
## [12] "intergalactic_development_index_idi_rank"
## [13] "population_using_at_least_basic_drinking_water_services_percent"
## [14] "population_using_at_least_basic_sanitation_services_percent"
## [15] "gross_capital_formation_percent_of_ggp"
## [16] "population_total_millions"
## [17] "population_urban_percent"
## [18] "mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births"
## [19] "mortality_rate_infant_per_1_000_live_births"
## [20] "old_age_dependency_ratio_old_age_65_and_older_per_100_creatures_ages_15_64"
## [21] "population_ages_15a_64_millions"
## [22] "population_ages_65_and_older_millions"
## [23] "life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years"
## [24] "life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years"
## [25] "population_under_age_5_millions"
## [26] "young_age_0_14_dependency_ratio_per_100_creatures_ages_15_64"
## [27] "adolescent_birth_rate_births_per_1_000_female_creatures_ages_15_19"
## [28] "total_unemployment_rate_female_to_male_ratio"
## [29] "vulnerable_employment_percent_of_total_employment"
## [30] "unemployment_total_percent_of_labour_force"
## [31] "employment_in_agriculture_percent_of_total_employment"
## [32] "labour_force_participation_rate_percent_ages_15_and_older"
## [33] "labour_force_participation_rate_percent_ages_15_and_older_female"
## [34] "employment_in_services_percent_of_total_employment"
## [35] "labour_force_participation_rate_percent_ages_15_and_older_male"
## [36] "employment_to_population_ratio_percent_ages_15_and_older"
## [37] "jungle_area_percent_of_total_land_area"
## [38] "share_of_employment_in_nonagriculture_female_percent_of_total_employment_in_nonagriculture"
## [39] "youth_unemployment_rate_female_to_male_ratio"
## [40] "unemployment_youth_percent_ages_15a_24"
## [41] "mortality_rate_female_grown_up_per_1_000_people"
## [42] "mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people"
## [43] "infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds"
## [44] "infants_lacking_immunization_combination_vaccine_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds"
## [45] "gross_galactic_product_ggp_per_capita"
## [46] "gross_galactic_product_ggp_total"
## [47] "outer_galaxies_direct_investment_net_inflows_percent_of_ggp"
## [48] "exports_and_imports_percent_of_ggp"
## [49] "share_of_seats_in_senate_percent_held_by_female"
## [50] "natural_resource_depletion"
## [51] "mean_years_of_education_female_galactic_years"
## [52] "mean_years_of_education_male_galactic_years"
## [53] "expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years"
## [54] "expected_years_of_education_male_galactic_years"
## [55] "maternal_mortality_ratio_deaths_per_100_000_live_births"
## [56] "renewable_energy_consumption_percent_of_total_final_energy_consumption"
## [57] "estimated_gross_galactic_income_per_capita_male"
## [58] "estimated_gross_galactic_income_per_capita_female"
## [59] "rural_population_with_access_to_electricity_percent"
## [60] "domestic_credit_provided_by_financial_sector_percent_of_ggp"
## [61] "population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_female_percent_ages_25_and_older"
## [62] "population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_male_percent_ages_25_and_older"
## [63] "gross_fixed_capital_formation_percent_of_ggp"
## [64] "remittances_inflows_percent_of_ggp"
## [65] "population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_percent_ages_25_and_older"
## [66] "intergalactic_inbound_tourists_thousands"
## [67] "gross_enrolment_ratio_primary_percent_of_primary_under_age_population"
## [68] "respiratory_disease_incidence_per_100_000_people"
## [69] "interstellar_phone_subscriptions_per_100_people"
## [70] "interstellar_data_net_users_total_percent_of_population"
## [71] "current_health_expenditure_percent_of_ggp"
## [72] "intergalactic_development_index_idi_female"
## [73] "intergalactic_development_index_idi_male"
## [74] "gender_development_index_gdi"
## [75] "intergalactic_development_index_idi_female_rank"
## [76] "intergalactic_development_index_idi_male_rank"
## [77] "adjusted_net_savings"
## [78] "creature_immunodeficiency_disease_prevalence_adult_percent_ages_15_49_total"
## [79] "private_galaxy_capital_flows_percent_of_ggp"
## [80] "gender_inequality_index_gii"
## [81] "predicted_well_being_index"ANALYZING OUR DATA USING MULTIPLE REGRESSION
We will use elimination method to get our final model
Notes:We Get summaries of our data
#WE WIll create a model to check p values of our variables
test_mod_1 <- lm( existence_expectancy_index ~
existence_expectancy_at_birth+
gross_income_per_capita+
income_index+
expected_years_of_education_galactic_years+
mean_years_of_education_galactic_years+
intergalactic_development_index_idi+
education_index+
intergalactic_development_index_idi_rank+
population_using_at_least_basic_drinking_water_services_percent+
population_using_at_least_basic_sanitation_services_percent+
gross_capital_formation_percent_of_ggp+
population_total_millions+
population_urban_percent+
mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births+
mortality_rate_infant_per_1_000_live_births+
old_age_dependency_ratio_old_age_65_and_older_per_100_creatures_ages_15_64+
population_ages_15a_64_millions+
population_ages_65_and_older_millions+
life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years+
life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years+
population_under_age_5_millions+
young_age_0_14_dependency_ratio_per_100_creatures_ages_15_64+
adolescent_birth_rate_births_per_1_000_female_creatures_ages_15_19+
total_unemployment_rate_female_to_male_ratio+
vulnerable_employment_percent_of_total_employment+
unemployment_total_percent_of_labour_force+
employment_in_agriculture_percent_of_total_employment+
labour_force_participation_rate_percent_ages_15_and_older+
labour_force_participation_rate_percent_ages_15_and_older_female+
employment_in_services_percent_of_total_employment+
labour_force_participation_rate_percent_ages_15_and_older_male+
employment_to_population_ratio_percent_ages_15_and_older+
jungle_area_percent_of_total_land_area+
share_of_employment_in_nonagriculture_female_percent_of_total_employment_in_nonagriculture+
youth_unemployment_rate_female_to_male_ratio+
unemployment_youth_percent_ages_15a_24+
mortality_rate_female_grown_up_per_1_000_people+
mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people+
infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds+
infants_lacking_immunization_combination_vaccine_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds+
gross_galactic_product_ggp_per_capita+
gross_galactic_product_ggp_total+
outer_galaxies_direct_investment_net_inflows_percent_of_ggp+
exports_and_imports_percent_of_ggp+
share_of_seats_in_senate_percent_held_by_female+
natural_resource_depletion+
mean_years_of_education_female_galactic_years+
+
expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years+
expected_years_of_education_male_galactic_years+
maternal_mortality_ratio_deaths_per_100_000_live_births+
renewable_energy_consumption_percent_of_total_final_energy_consumption+
estimated_gross_galactic_income_per_capita_male+
estimated_gross_galactic_income_per_capita_female+
rural_population_with_access_to_electricity_percent+
domestic_credit_provided_by_financial_sector_percent_of_ggp+
population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_female_percent_ages_25_and_older+
population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_male_percent_ages_25_and_older+
gross_fixed_capital_formation_percent_of_ggp+
remittances_inflows_percent_of_ggp+
population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_percent_ages_25_and_older+
intergalactic_inbound_tourists_thousands+
gross_enrolment_ratio_primary_percent_of_primary_under_age_population+
respiratory_disease_incidence_per_100_000_people+
interstellar_phone_subscriptions_per_100_people+
interstellar_data_net_users_total_percent_of_population+
current_health_expenditure_percent_of_ggp+
intergalactic_development_index_idi_female+
intergalactic_development_index_idi_male+
gender_development_index_gdi+
intergalactic_development_index_idi_female_rank+
intergalactic_development_index_idi_male_rank+
adjusted_net_savings+
creature_immunodeficiency_disease_prevalence_adult_percent_ages_15_49_total+
private_galaxy_capital_flows_percent_of_ggp+
gender_inequality_index_gii
, data = Test_clean)
summary(test_mod_1)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = existence_expectancy_index ~ existence_expectancy_at_birth +
## gross_income_per_capita + income_index + expected_years_of_education_galactic_years +
## mean_years_of_education_galactic_years + intergalactic_development_index_idi +
## education_index + intergalactic_development_index_idi_rank +
## population_using_at_least_basic_drinking_water_services_percent +
## population_using_at_least_basic_sanitation_services_percent +
## gross_capital_formation_percent_of_ggp + population_total_millions +
## population_urban_percent + mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births +
## mortality_rate_infant_per_1_000_live_births + old_age_dependency_ratio_old_age_65_and_older_per_100_creatures_ages_15_64 +
## population_ages_15a_64_millions + population_ages_65_and_older_millions +
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years + life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years +
## population_under_age_5_millions + young_age_0_14_dependency_ratio_per_100_creatures_ages_15_64 +
## adolescent_birth_rate_births_per_1_000_female_creatures_ages_15_19 +
## total_unemployment_rate_female_to_male_ratio + vulnerable_employment_percent_of_total_employment +
## unemployment_total_percent_of_labour_force + employment_in_agriculture_percent_of_total_employment +
## labour_force_participation_rate_percent_ages_15_and_older +
## labour_force_participation_rate_percent_ages_15_and_older_female +
## employment_in_services_percent_of_total_employment + labour_force_participation_rate_percent_ages_15_and_older_male +
## employment_to_population_ratio_percent_ages_15_and_older +
## jungle_area_percent_of_total_land_area + share_of_employment_in_nonagriculture_female_percent_of_total_employment_in_nonagriculture +
## youth_unemployment_rate_female_to_male_ratio + unemployment_youth_percent_ages_15a_24 +
## mortality_rate_female_grown_up_per_1_000_people + mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people +
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds +
## infants_lacking_immunization_combination_vaccine_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds +
## gross_galactic_product_ggp_per_capita + gross_galactic_product_ggp_total +
## outer_galaxies_direct_investment_net_inflows_percent_of_ggp +
## exports_and_imports_percent_of_ggp + share_of_seats_in_senate_percent_held_by_female +
## natural_resource_depletion + mean_years_of_education_female_galactic_years +
## +expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years + expected_years_of_education_male_galactic_years +
## maternal_mortality_ratio_deaths_per_100_000_live_births +
## renewable_energy_consumption_percent_of_total_final_energy_consumption +
## estimated_gross_galactic_income_per_capita_male + estimated_gross_galactic_income_per_capita_female +
## rural_population_with_access_to_electricity_percent + domestic_credit_provided_by_financial_sector_percent_of_ggp +
## population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_female_percent_ages_25_and_older +
## population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_male_percent_ages_25_and_older +
## gross_fixed_capital_formation_percent_of_ggp + remittances_inflows_percent_of_ggp +
## population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_percent_ages_25_and_older +
## intergalactic_inbound_tourists_thousands + gross_enrolment_ratio_primary_percent_of_primary_under_age_population +
## respiratory_disease_incidence_per_100_000_people + interstellar_phone_subscriptions_per_100_people +
## interstellar_data_net_users_total_percent_of_population +
## current_health_expenditure_percent_of_ggp + intergalactic_development_index_idi_female +
## intergalactic_development_index_idi_male + gender_development_index_gdi +
## intergalactic_development_index_idi_female_rank + intergalactic_development_index_idi_male_rank +
## adjusted_net_savings + creature_immunodeficiency_disease_prevalence_adult_percent_ages_15_49_total +
## private_galaxy_capital_flows_percent_of_ggp + gender_inequality_index_gii,
## data = Test_clean)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -0.115761 -0.031712 -0.003362 0.029146 0.141299
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate
## (Intercept) 6.552e-01
## existence_expectancy_at_birth 1.711e-03
## gross_income_per_capita 5.671e-07
## income_index 2.442e-02
## expected_years_of_education_galactic_years -1.612e-03
## mean_years_of_education_galactic_years -1.402e-03
## intergalactic_development_index_idi -7.235e-02
## education_index 3.083e-02
## intergalactic_development_index_idi_rank -9.195e-05
## population_using_at_least_basic_drinking_water_services_percent -3.144e-04
## population_using_at_least_basic_sanitation_services_percent 1.768e-04
## gross_capital_formation_percent_of_ggp 1.295e-04
## population_total_millions -2.370e-05
## population_urban_percent 1.008e-04
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births -5.725e-04
## mortality_rate_infant_per_1_000_live_births -6.841e-04
## old_age_dependency_ratio_old_age_65_and_older_per_100_creatures_ages_15_64 -5.478e-04
## population_ages_15a_64_millions -2.229e-05
## population_ages_65_and_older_millions 5.365e-04
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years 3.217e-03
## life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years 3.171e-03
## population_under_age_5_millions -5.182e-06
## young_age_0_14_dependency_ratio_per_100_creatures_ages_15_64 5.033e-04
## adolescent_birth_rate_births_per_1_000_female_creatures_ages_15_19 2.971e-04
## total_unemployment_rate_female_to_male_ratio 7.104e-03
## vulnerable_employment_percent_of_total_employment -4.547e-04
## unemployment_total_percent_of_labour_force 2.252e-03
## employment_in_agriculture_percent_of_total_employment -1.875e-04
## labour_force_participation_rate_percent_ages_15_and_older -1.130e-03
## labour_force_participation_rate_percent_ages_15_and_older_female -4.316e-05
## employment_in_services_percent_of_total_employment -1.166e-03
## labour_force_participation_rate_percent_ages_15_and_older_male -2.336e-04
## employment_to_population_ratio_percent_ages_15_and_older 1.489e-03
## jungle_area_percent_of_total_land_area -4.389e-05
## share_of_employment_in_nonagriculture_female_percent_of_total_employment_in_nonagriculture 1.212e-04
## youth_unemployment_rate_female_to_male_ratio -3.737e-03
## unemployment_youth_percent_ages_15a_24 2.939e-04
## mortality_rate_female_grown_up_per_1_000_people 6.604e-05
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people -1.820e-04
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds -1.179e-03
## infants_lacking_immunization_combination_vaccine_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds -8.492e-04
## gross_galactic_product_ggp_per_capita -1.705e-07
## gross_galactic_product_ggp_total 8.764e-07
## outer_galaxies_direct_investment_net_inflows_percent_of_ggp -2.639e-04
## exports_and_imports_percent_of_ggp 2.341e-05
## share_of_seats_in_senate_percent_held_by_female 4.081e-04
## natural_resource_depletion -8.736e-04
## mean_years_of_education_female_galactic_years 5.576e-03
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years 6.133e-03
## expected_years_of_education_male_galactic_years -2.373e-03
## maternal_mortality_ratio_deaths_per_100_000_live_births -1.330e-06
## renewable_energy_consumption_percent_of_total_final_energy_consumption -4.462e-04
## estimated_gross_galactic_income_per_capita_male 4.628e-07
## estimated_gross_galactic_income_per_capita_female -5.184e-07
## rural_population_with_access_to_electricity_percent -2.363e-04
## domestic_credit_provided_by_financial_sector_percent_of_ggp -2.264e-05
## population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_female_percent_ages_25_and_older 2.066e-04
## population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_male_percent_ages_25_and_older -8.116e-04
## gross_fixed_capital_formation_percent_of_ggp -5.579e-04
## remittances_inflows_percent_of_ggp -2.142e-03
## population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_percent_ages_25_and_older 6.132e-04
## intergalactic_inbound_tourists_thousands -1.438e-07
## gross_enrolment_ratio_primary_percent_of_primary_under_age_population -1.820e-04
## respiratory_disease_incidence_per_100_000_people 6.694e-06
## interstellar_phone_subscriptions_per_100_people 2.983e-04
## interstellar_data_net_users_total_percent_of_population -3.351e-04
## current_health_expenditure_percent_of_ggp 2.630e-03
## intergalactic_development_index_idi_female -6.463e-02
## intergalactic_development_index_idi_male 4.041e-02
## gender_development_index_gdi -1.518e-01
## intergalactic_development_index_idi_female_rank -1.846e-04
## intergalactic_development_index_idi_male_rank 2.571e-04
## adjusted_net_savings 3.781e-04
## creature_immunodeficiency_disease_prevalence_adult_percent_ages_15_49_total -4.432e-03
## private_galaxy_capital_flows_percent_of_ggp -6.034e-05
## gender_inequality_index_gii 1.408e-02
## Std. Error
## (Intercept) 2.571e-01
## existence_expectancy_at_birth 1.249e-03
## gross_income_per_capita 6.561e-07
## income_index 6.458e-02
## expected_years_of_education_galactic_years 3.494e-03
## mean_years_of_education_galactic_years 3.392e-03
## intergalactic_development_index_idi 7.614e-02
## education_index 6.463e-02
## intergalactic_development_index_idi_rank 2.251e-04
## population_using_at_least_basic_drinking_water_services_percent 5.581e-04
## population_using_at_least_basic_sanitation_services_percent 3.354e-04
## gross_capital_formation_percent_of_ggp 1.014e-03
## population_total_millions 1.803e-05
## population_urban_percent 3.304e-04
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births 2.612e-04
## mortality_rate_infant_per_1_000_live_births 4.566e-04
## old_age_dependency_ratio_old_age_65_and_older_per_100_creatures_ages_15_64 1.015e-03
## population_ages_15a_64_millions 2.830e-05
## population_ages_65_and_older_millions 2.179e-04
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years 1.256e-03
## life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years 1.248e-03
## population_under_age_5_millions 1.738e-04
## young_age_0_14_dependency_ratio_per_100_creatures_ages_15_64 4.522e-04
## adolescent_birth_rate_births_per_1_000_female_creatures_ages_15_19 2.126e-04
## total_unemployment_rate_female_to_male_ratio 7.787e-03
## vulnerable_employment_percent_of_total_employment 3.713e-04
## unemployment_total_percent_of_labour_force 1.464e-03
## employment_in_agriculture_percent_of_total_employment 4.528e-04
## labour_force_participation_rate_percent_ages_15_and_older 1.125e-03
## labour_force_participation_rate_percent_ages_15_and_older_female 6.953e-04
## employment_in_services_percent_of_total_employment 5.543e-04
## labour_force_participation_rate_percent_ages_15_and_older_male 9.736e-04
## employment_to_population_ratio_percent_ages_15_and_older 1.076e-03
## jungle_area_percent_of_total_land_area 2.636e-04
## share_of_employment_in_nonagriculture_female_percent_of_total_employment_in_nonagriculture 7.779e-04
## youth_unemployment_rate_female_to_male_ratio 9.662e-03
## unemployment_youth_percent_ages_15a_24 6.640e-04
## mortality_rate_female_grown_up_per_1_000_people 1.100e-04
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people 9.287e-05
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds 6.429e-04
## infants_lacking_immunization_combination_vaccine_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds 9.840e-04
## gross_galactic_product_ggp_per_capita 5.996e-07
## gross_galactic_product_ggp_total 1.767e-06
## outer_galaxies_direct_investment_net_inflows_percent_of_ggp 4.081e-04
## exports_and_imports_percent_of_ggp 1.241e-04
## share_of_seats_in_senate_percent_held_by_female 4.764e-04
## natural_resource_depletion 6.756e-04
## mean_years_of_education_female_galactic_years 3.655e-03
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years 2.973e-03
## expected_years_of_education_male_galactic_years 3.801e-03
## maternal_mortality_ratio_deaths_per_100_000_live_births 3.264e-05
## renewable_energy_consumption_percent_of_total_final_energy_consumption 2.847e-04
## estimated_gross_galactic_income_per_capita_male 5.165e-07
## estimated_gross_galactic_income_per_capita_female 8.902e-07
## rural_population_with_access_to_electricity_percent 2.875e-04
## domestic_credit_provided_by_financial_sector_percent_of_ggp 1.065e-04
## population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_female_percent_ages_25_and_older 3.831e-04
## population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_male_percent_ages_25_and_older 4.444e-04
## gross_fixed_capital_formation_percent_of_ggp 1.335e-03
## remittances_inflows_percent_of_ggp 8.806e-04
## population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_percent_ages_25_and_older 4.354e-04
## intergalactic_inbound_tourists_thousands 1.213e-07
## gross_enrolment_ratio_primary_percent_of_primary_under_age_population 4.878e-04
## respiratory_disease_incidence_per_100_000_people 4.271e-05
## interstellar_phone_subscriptions_per_100_people 1.487e-04
## interstellar_data_net_users_total_percent_of_population 3.381e-04
## current_health_expenditure_percent_of_ggp 2.507e-03
## intergalactic_development_index_idi_female 7.258e-02
## intergalactic_development_index_idi_male 9.130e-02
## gender_development_index_gdi 1.199e-01
## intergalactic_development_index_idi_female_rank 2.495e-04
## intergalactic_development_index_idi_male_rank 2.782e-04
## adjusted_net_savings 5.387e-04
## creature_immunodeficiency_disease_prevalence_adult_percent_ages_15_49_total 1.681e-03
## private_galaxy_capital_flows_percent_of_ggp 1.363e-04
## gender_inequality_index_gii 5.966e-02
## t value
## (Intercept) 2.549
## existence_expectancy_at_birth 1.370
## gross_income_per_capita 0.864
## income_index 0.378
## expected_years_of_education_galactic_years -0.461
## mean_years_of_education_galactic_years -0.413
## intergalactic_development_index_idi -0.950
## education_index 0.477
## intergalactic_development_index_idi_rank -0.408
## population_using_at_least_basic_drinking_water_services_percent -0.563
## population_using_at_least_basic_sanitation_services_percent 0.527
## gross_capital_formation_percent_of_ggp 0.128
## population_total_millions -1.315
## population_urban_percent 0.305
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births -2.192
## mortality_rate_infant_per_1_000_live_births -1.498
## old_age_dependency_ratio_old_age_65_and_older_per_100_creatures_ages_15_64 -0.540
## population_ages_15a_64_millions -0.788
## population_ages_65_and_older_millions 2.462
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years 2.562
## life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years 2.541
## population_under_age_5_millions -0.030
## young_age_0_14_dependency_ratio_per_100_creatures_ages_15_64 1.113
## adolescent_birth_rate_births_per_1_000_female_creatures_ages_15_19 1.398
## total_unemployment_rate_female_to_male_ratio 0.912
## vulnerable_employment_percent_of_total_employment -1.225
## unemployment_total_percent_of_labour_force 1.538
## employment_in_agriculture_percent_of_total_employment -0.414
## labour_force_participation_rate_percent_ages_15_and_older -1.005
## labour_force_participation_rate_percent_ages_15_and_older_female -0.062
## employment_in_services_percent_of_total_employment -2.103
## labour_force_participation_rate_percent_ages_15_and_older_male -0.240
## employment_to_population_ratio_percent_ages_15_and_older 1.384
## jungle_area_percent_of_total_land_area -0.167
## share_of_employment_in_nonagriculture_female_percent_of_total_employment_in_nonagriculture 0.156
## youth_unemployment_rate_female_to_male_ratio -0.387
## unemployment_youth_percent_ages_15a_24 0.443
## mortality_rate_female_grown_up_per_1_000_people 0.600
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people -1.960
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds -1.834
## infants_lacking_immunization_combination_vaccine_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds -0.863
## gross_galactic_product_ggp_per_capita -0.284
## gross_galactic_product_ggp_total 0.496
## outer_galaxies_direct_investment_net_inflows_percent_of_ggp -0.647
## exports_and_imports_percent_of_ggp 0.189
## share_of_seats_in_senate_percent_held_by_female 0.856
## natural_resource_depletion -1.293
## mean_years_of_education_female_galactic_years 1.525
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years 2.063
## expected_years_of_education_male_galactic_years -0.624
## maternal_mortality_ratio_deaths_per_100_000_live_births -0.041
## renewable_energy_consumption_percent_of_total_final_energy_consumption -1.567
## estimated_gross_galactic_income_per_capita_male 0.896
## estimated_gross_galactic_income_per_capita_female -0.582
## rural_population_with_access_to_electricity_percent -0.822
## domestic_credit_provided_by_financial_sector_percent_of_ggp -0.213
## population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_female_percent_ages_25_and_older 0.539
## population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_male_percent_ages_25_and_older -1.826
## gross_fixed_capital_formation_percent_of_ggp -0.418
## remittances_inflows_percent_of_ggp -2.432
## population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_percent_ages_25_and_older 1.408
## intergalactic_inbound_tourists_thousands -1.186
## gross_enrolment_ratio_primary_percent_of_primary_under_age_population -0.373
## respiratory_disease_incidence_per_100_000_people 0.157
## interstellar_phone_subscriptions_per_100_people 2.005
## interstellar_data_net_users_total_percent_of_population -0.991
## current_health_expenditure_percent_of_ggp 1.049
## intergalactic_development_index_idi_female -0.890
## intergalactic_development_index_idi_male 0.443
## gender_development_index_gdi -1.266
## intergalactic_development_index_idi_female_rank -0.740
## intergalactic_development_index_idi_male_rank 0.924
## adjusted_net_savings 0.702
## creature_immunodeficiency_disease_prevalence_adult_percent_ages_15_49_total -2.637
## private_galaxy_capital_flows_percent_of_ggp -0.443
## gender_inequality_index_gii 0.236
## Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 0.01180
## existence_expectancy_at_birth 0.17276
## gross_income_per_capita 0.38875
## income_index 0.70586
## expected_years_of_education_galactic_years 0.64512
## mean_years_of_education_galactic_years 0.67991
## intergalactic_development_index_idi 0.34351
## education_index 0.63403
## intergalactic_development_index_idi_rank 0.68352
## population_using_at_least_basic_drinking_water_services_percent 0.57408
## population_using_at_least_basic_sanitation_services_percent 0.59885
## gross_capital_formation_percent_of_ggp 0.89850
## population_total_millions 0.19054
## population_urban_percent 0.76063
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births 0.02988
## mortality_rate_infant_per_1_000_live_births 0.13610
## old_age_dependency_ratio_old_age_65_and_older_per_100_creatures_ages_15_64 0.59022
## population_ages_15a_64_millions 0.43209
## population_ages_65_and_older_millions 0.01490
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years 0.01136
## life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years 0.01206
## population_under_age_5_millions 0.97626
## young_age_0_14_dependency_ratio_per_100_creatures_ages_15_64 0.26742
## adolescent_birth_rate_births_per_1_000_female_creatures_ages_15_19 0.16422
## total_unemployment_rate_female_to_male_ratio 0.36302
## vulnerable_employment_percent_of_total_employment 0.22259
## unemployment_total_percent_of_labour_force 0.12612
## employment_in_agriculture_percent_of_total_employment 0.67939
## labour_force_participation_rate_percent_ages_15_and_older 0.31667
## labour_force_participation_rate_percent_ages_15_and_older_female 0.95059
## employment_in_services_percent_of_total_employment 0.03707
## labour_force_participation_rate_percent_ages_15_and_older_male 0.81075
## employment_to_population_ratio_percent_ages_15_and_older 0.16831
## jungle_area_percent_of_total_land_area 0.86796
## share_of_employment_in_nonagriculture_female_percent_of_total_employment_in_nonagriculture 0.87640
## youth_unemployment_rate_female_to_male_ratio 0.69945
## unemployment_youth_percent_ages_15a_24 0.65869
## mortality_rate_female_grown_up_per_1_000_people 0.54924
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people 0.05179
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds 0.06852
## infants_lacking_immunization_combination_vaccine_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds 0.38946
## gross_galactic_product_ggp_per_capita 0.77659
## gross_galactic_product_ggp_total 0.62059
## outer_galaxies_direct_investment_net_inflows_percent_of_ggp 0.51885
## exports_and_imports_percent_of_ggp 0.85059
## share_of_seats_in_senate_percent_held_by_female 0.39307
## natural_resource_depletion 0.19791
## mean_years_of_education_female_galactic_years 0.12923
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years 0.04083
## expected_years_of_education_male_galactic_years 0.53332
## maternal_mortality_ratio_deaths_per_100_000_live_births 0.96756
## renewable_energy_consumption_percent_of_total_final_energy_consumption 0.11913
## estimated_gross_galactic_income_per_capita_male 0.37158
## estimated_gross_galactic_income_per_capita_female 0.56116
## rural_population_with_access_to_electricity_percent 0.41243
## domestic_credit_provided_by_financial_sector_percent_of_ggp 0.83198
## population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_female_percent_ages_25_and_older 0.59038
## population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_male_percent_ages_25_and_older 0.06975
## gross_fixed_capital_formation_percent_of_ggp 0.67657
## remittances_inflows_percent_of_ggp 0.01616
## population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_percent_ages_25_and_older 0.16103
## intergalactic_inbound_tourists_thousands 0.23749
## gross_enrolment_ratio_primary_percent_of_primary_under_age_population 0.70955
## respiratory_disease_incidence_per_100_000_people 0.87566
## interstellar_phone_subscriptions_per_100_people 0.04668
## interstellar_data_net_users_total_percent_of_population 0.32314
## current_health_expenditure_percent_of_ggp 0.29571
## intergalactic_development_index_idi_female 0.37460
## intergalactic_development_index_idi_male 0.65865
## gender_development_index_gdi 0.20741
## intergalactic_development_index_idi_female_rank 0.46054
## intergalactic_development_index_idi_male_rank 0.35696
## adjusted_net_savings 0.48383
## creature_immunodeficiency_disease_prevalence_adult_percent_ages_15_49_total 0.00922
## private_galaxy_capital_flows_percent_of_ggp 0.65853
## gender_inequality_index_gii 0.81376
##
## (Intercept) *
## existence_expectancy_at_birth
## gross_income_per_capita
## income_index
## expected_years_of_education_galactic_years
## mean_years_of_education_galactic_years
## intergalactic_development_index_idi
## education_index
## intergalactic_development_index_idi_rank
## population_using_at_least_basic_drinking_water_services_percent
## population_using_at_least_basic_sanitation_services_percent
## gross_capital_formation_percent_of_ggp
## population_total_millions
## population_urban_percent
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births *
## mortality_rate_infant_per_1_000_live_births
## old_age_dependency_ratio_old_age_65_and_older_per_100_creatures_ages_15_64
## population_ages_15a_64_millions
## population_ages_65_and_older_millions *
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years *
## life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years *
## population_under_age_5_millions
## young_age_0_14_dependency_ratio_per_100_creatures_ages_15_64
## adolescent_birth_rate_births_per_1_000_female_creatures_ages_15_19
## total_unemployment_rate_female_to_male_ratio
## vulnerable_employment_percent_of_total_employment
## unemployment_total_percent_of_labour_force
## employment_in_agriculture_percent_of_total_employment
## labour_force_participation_rate_percent_ages_15_and_older
## labour_force_participation_rate_percent_ages_15_and_older_female
## employment_in_services_percent_of_total_employment *
## labour_force_participation_rate_percent_ages_15_and_older_male
## employment_to_population_ratio_percent_ages_15_and_older
## jungle_area_percent_of_total_land_area
## share_of_employment_in_nonagriculture_female_percent_of_total_employment_in_nonagriculture
## youth_unemployment_rate_female_to_male_ratio
## unemployment_youth_percent_ages_15a_24
## mortality_rate_female_grown_up_per_1_000_people
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people .
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds .
## infants_lacking_immunization_combination_vaccine_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds
## gross_galactic_product_ggp_per_capita
## gross_galactic_product_ggp_total
## outer_galaxies_direct_investment_net_inflows_percent_of_ggp
## exports_and_imports_percent_of_ggp
## share_of_seats_in_senate_percent_held_by_female
## natural_resource_depletion
## mean_years_of_education_female_galactic_years
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years *
## expected_years_of_education_male_galactic_years
## maternal_mortality_ratio_deaths_per_100_000_live_births
## renewable_energy_consumption_percent_of_total_final_energy_consumption
## estimated_gross_galactic_income_per_capita_male
## estimated_gross_galactic_income_per_capita_female
## rural_population_with_access_to_electricity_percent
## domestic_credit_provided_by_financial_sector_percent_of_ggp
## population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_female_percent_ages_25_and_older
## population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_male_percent_ages_25_and_older .
## gross_fixed_capital_formation_percent_of_ggp
## remittances_inflows_percent_of_ggp *
## population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_percent_ages_25_and_older
## intergalactic_inbound_tourists_thousands
## gross_enrolment_ratio_primary_percent_of_primary_under_age_population
## respiratory_disease_incidence_per_100_000_people
## interstellar_phone_subscriptions_per_100_people *
## interstellar_data_net_users_total_percent_of_population
## current_health_expenditure_percent_of_ggp
## intergalactic_development_index_idi_female
## intergalactic_development_index_idi_male
## gender_development_index_gdi
## intergalactic_development_index_idi_female_rank
## intergalactic_development_index_idi_male_rank
## adjusted_net_savings
## creature_immunodeficiency_disease_prevalence_adult_percent_ages_15_49_total **
## private_galaxy_capital_flows_percent_of_ggp
## gender_inequality_index_gii
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.05509 on 154 degrees of freedom
## (490 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared: 0.9036, Adjusted R-squared: 0.8566
## F-statistic: 19.24 on 75 and 154 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16#WE HAVE FOUND ONLY 13 PREDICTORS ARE ACTUALLY SIGNIFICANT IN RELATION TO P VALUESIZING DOWN TO 13 VARIABLES
#M0DEL2
test_mod_2 <- lm( existence_expectancy_index~
existence_expectancy_at_birth+
mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births+
population_ages_65_and_older_millions+
life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years+
life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years+
employment_in_services_percent_of_total_employment+
mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people+
infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds+
expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years+
population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_male_percent_ages_25_and_older+
remittances_inflows_percent_of_ggp+
interstellar_phone_subscriptions_per_100_people+
creature_immunodeficiency_disease_prevalence_adult_percent_ages_15_49_total
, data = Test_clean)
summary(test_mod_2)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = existence_expectancy_index ~ existence_expectancy_at_birth +
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births + population_ages_65_and_older_millions +
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years + life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years +
## employment_in_services_percent_of_total_employment + mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people +
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds +
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years + population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_male_percent_ages_25_and_older +
## remittances_inflows_percent_of_ggp + interstellar_phone_subscriptions_per_100_people +
## creature_immunodeficiency_disease_prevalence_adult_percent_ages_15_49_total,
## data = Test_clean)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -0.135659 -0.036286 -0.002143 0.032631 0.203393
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate
## (Intercept) 2.546e-01
## existence_expectancy_at_birth 2.905e-03
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births -3.478e-04
## population_ages_65_and_older_millions 9.660e-05
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years 2.910e-03
## life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years 3.286e-03
## employment_in_services_percent_of_total_employment -4.571e-05
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people -1.854e-04
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds -7.428e-04
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years 3.575e-03
## population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_male_percent_ages_25_and_older -8.307e-05
## remittances_inflows_percent_of_ggp -5.909e-04
## interstellar_phone_subscriptions_per_100_people 8.967e-05
## creature_immunodeficiency_disease_prevalence_adult_percent_ages_15_49_total -1.408e-03
## Std. Error
## (Intercept) 9.665e-02
## existence_expectancy_at_birth 8.608e-04
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births 1.527e-04
## population_ages_65_and_older_millions 4.792e-05
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years 8.538e-04
## life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years 8.063e-04
## employment_in_services_percent_of_total_employment 2.385e-04
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people 5.491e-05
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds 3.133e-04
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years 1.592e-03
## population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_male_percent_ages_25_and_older 1.464e-04
## remittances_inflows_percent_of_ggp 4.347e-04
## interstellar_phone_subscriptions_per_100_people 9.679e-05
## creature_immunodeficiency_disease_prevalence_adult_percent_ages_15_49_total 7.811e-04
## t value
## (Intercept) 2.635
## existence_expectancy_at_birth 3.375
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births -2.277
## population_ages_65_and_older_millions 2.016
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years 3.409
## life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years 4.075
## employment_in_services_percent_of_total_employment -0.192
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people -3.376
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds -2.371
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years 2.246
## population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_male_percent_ages_25_and_older -0.567
## remittances_inflows_percent_of_ggp -1.359
## interstellar_phone_subscriptions_per_100_people 0.926
## creature_immunodeficiency_disease_prevalence_adult_percent_ages_15_49_total -1.803
## Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 0.008822
## existence_expectancy_at_birth 0.000827
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births 0.023449
## population_ages_65_and_older_millions 0.044629
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years 0.000734
## life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years 5.78e-05
## employment_in_services_percent_of_total_employment 0.848146
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people 0.000823
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds 0.018330
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years 0.025395
## population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_male_percent_ages_25_and_older 0.570897
## remittances_inflows_percent_of_ggp 0.174967
## interstellar_phone_subscriptions_per_100_people 0.354927
## creature_immunodeficiency_disease_prevalence_adult_percent_ages_15_49_total 0.072351
##
## (Intercept) **
## existence_expectancy_at_birth ***
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births *
## population_ages_65_and_older_millions *
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years ***
## life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years ***
## employment_in_services_percent_of_total_employment
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people ***
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds *
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years *
## population_with_at_least_some_secondary_education_male_percent_ages_25_and_older
## remittances_inflows_percent_of_ggp
## interstellar_phone_subscriptions_per_100_people
## creature_immunodeficiency_disease_prevalence_adult_percent_ages_15_49_total .
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.05463 on 328 degrees of freedom
## (378 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared: 0.8532, Adjusted R-squared: 0.8473
## F-statistic: 146.6 on 13 and 328 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16SIZING DOWN TO 9 VARIABLES
#M0DEL3
test_mod_3 <- lm( existence_expectancy_index~
existence_expectancy_at_birth+
mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births+
population_ages_65_and_older_millions+
life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years+
life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years+
mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people+
infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds+
expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years+
creature_immunodeficiency_disease_prevalence_adult_percent_ages_15_49_total
, data = Test_clean)
summary(test_mod_3)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = existence_expectancy_index ~ existence_expectancy_at_birth +
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births + population_ages_65_and_older_millions +
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years + life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years +
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people + infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds +
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years + creature_immunodeficiency_disease_prevalence_adult_percent_ages_15_49_total,
## data = Test_clean)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -0.150125 -0.035063 -0.001639 0.031314 0.193739
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate
## (Intercept) 1.951e-01
## existence_expectancy_at_birth 2.918e-03
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births -3.127e-04
## population_ages_65_and_older_millions 1.011e-04
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years 3.159e-03
## life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years 3.400e-03
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people -1.701e-04
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds -4.169e-04
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years 3.873e-03
## creature_immunodeficiency_disease_prevalence_adult_percent_ages_15_49_total -1.104e-03
## Std. Error
## (Intercept) 8.581e-02
## existence_expectancy_at_birth 7.884e-04
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births 1.380e-04
## population_ages_65_and_older_millions 4.662e-05
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years 7.946e-04
## life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years 7.426e-04
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people 4.807e-05
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds 2.482e-04
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years 1.269e-03
## creature_immunodeficiency_disease_prevalence_adult_percent_ages_15_49_total 7.311e-04
## t value
## (Intercept) 2.274
## existence_expectancy_at_birth 3.701
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births -2.266
## population_ages_65_and_older_millions 2.169
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years 3.976
## life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years 4.578
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people -3.539
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds -1.679
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years 3.051
## creature_immunodeficiency_disease_prevalence_adult_percent_ages_15_49_total -1.510
## Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 0.023533
## existence_expectancy_at_birth 0.000247
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births 0.023999
## population_ages_65_and_older_millions 0.030663
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years 8.39e-05
## life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years 6.37e-06
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people 0.000451
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds 0.093884
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years 0.002438
## creature_immunodeficiency_disease_prevalence_adult_percent_ages_15_49_total 0.131835
##
## (Intercept) *
## existence_expectancy_at_birth ***
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births *
## population_ages_65_and_older_millions *
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years ***
## life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years ***
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people ***
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds .
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years **
## creature_immunodeficiency_disease_prevalence_adult_percent_ages_15_49_total
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.05409 on 382 degrees of freedom
## (328 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared: 0.8681, Adjusted R-squared: 0.865
## F-statistic: 279.4 on 9 and 382 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16SIZING DOWN TO 8 VARIABLES
This is our final model since all predictors are significant
#MODEL 4
test_mod_4 <- lm( existence_expectancy_index~
existence_expectancy_at_birth+
mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births+
population_ages_65_and_older_millions+
life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years+
life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years+
mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people+
infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds+
expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years
,data = Test_clean)
summary(test_mod_4)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = existence_expectancy_index ~ existence_expectancy_at_birth +
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births + population_ages_65_and_older_millions +
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years + life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years +
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people + infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds +
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years, data = Test_clean)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -0.151427 -0.036426 0.000176 0.031453 0.188855
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate
## (Intercept) 1.760e-01
## existence_expectancy_at_birth 2.957e-03
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births -3.055e-04
## population_ages_65_and_older_millions 1.216e-04
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years 2.947e-03
## life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years 4.108e-03
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people -1.862e-04
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds -3.830e-04
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years 2.002e-03
## Std. Error
## (Intercept) 7.226e-02
## existence_expectancy_at_birth 6.567e-04
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births 1.194e-04
## population_ages_65_and_older_millions 4.620e-05
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years 7.029e-04
## life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years 6.364e-04
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people 3.999e-05
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds 2.145e-04
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years 1.077e-03
## t value
## (Intercept) 2.436
## existence_expectancy_at_birth 4.503
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births -2.559
## population_ages_65_and_older_millions 2.632
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years 4.193
## life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years 6.455
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people -4.656
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds -1.785
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years 1.859
## Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 0.01517
## existence_expectancy_at_birth 8.28e-06
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births 0.01079
## population_ages_65_and_older_millions 0.00873
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years 3.23e-05
## life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years 2.47e-10
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people 4.10e-06
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds 0.07480
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years 0.06365
##
## (Intercept) *
## existence_expectancy_at_birth ***
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births *
## population_ages_65_and_older_millions **
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years ***
## life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years ***
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people ***
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds .
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years .
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.05518 on 523 degrees of freedom
## (188 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared: 0.8455, Adjusted R-squared: 0.8431
## F-statistic: 357.8 on 8 and 523 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16ASSUMPTIONS CHECK
Normality
#Checking for assumptions of normality
#Extracting residuals(error between a predicted value and the observed actual value)
#or Extracting residuals(a measure of how far away a point is vertically from the regression line)
Residuals<-residuals(test_mod_4)
#checking first assumption Normality/non constant variance
shapiro.test(Residuals)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Residuals
## W = 0.99343, p-value = 0.02028#Shapiro-Wilk normality test interpretation
#Ho:The residuals are normally distributed vs
#Ha:The population is not normally distributed
#p-value = 0.02028 < 0.05 so we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the residuals are not normally distributed.
##Will be confirmed by normal q-q plot Constant variance
#checking 2nd assumption constant variance
library(lmtest)## Loading required package: zoo##
## Attaching package: 'zoo'## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## as.Date, as.Date.numericbptest(test_mod_4)##
## studentized Breusch-Pagan test
##
## data: test_mod_4
## BP = 4.9541, df = 8, p-value = 0.7625#studentized Breusch-Pagan test interpretation
#Ho:the variance of the residuals is constant vs
#Ha:the variance of the residuals is not constant
#p-value = 0.7625 > 0.05 so we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the the variance of the residuals is constant.
#will be confirmed by residuals plotindependence of the residuals.
#checking 3rd assumption independence of residuals.
library(car)## Loading required package: carData##
## Attaching package: 'car'## The following object is masked from 'package:dplyr':
##
## recode## The following object is masked from 'package:purrr':
##
## somedwtest(test_mod_4)##
## Durbin-Watson test
##
## data: test_mod_4
## DW = 1.8967, p-value = 0.0942
## alternative hypothesis: true autocorrelation is greater than 0#studentized Breusch-Pagan test interpretation
#Ho:the residuals are independent vs
#Ha:the residuals are not independent
#p-value = 0.0942 > 0.05 so we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the residuals are independent.MULTICOLLINEARITY CHECK
Notes: Should be less than 10 but ideally 1 is desired
#check for the variance inflation factor(MULTICOLLINEARITY)
vif(test_mod_4)## existence_expectancy_at_birth
## 6.661663
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births
## 3.813419
## population_ages_65_and_older_millions
## 1.006369
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years
## 6.959645
## life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years
## 6.641748
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people
## 3.887856
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds
## 1.592642
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years
## 2.558323All are below 10 which shows that there is no interedependence of variables in oour model
ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)
Notes: We’ll create an anova table
#ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
anova(test_mod_4)## Analysis of Variance Table
##
## Response: existence_expectancy_index
## Df
## existence_expectancy_at_birth 1
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births 1
## population_ages_65_and_older_millions 1
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years 1
## life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years 1
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people 1
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds 1
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years 1
## Residuals 523
## Sum Sq
## existence_expectancy_at_birth 7.8630
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births 0.2441
## population_ages_65_and_older_millions 0.0269
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years 0.3409
## life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years 0.1621
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people 0.0541
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds 0.0126
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years 0.0105
## Residuals 1.5922
## Mean Sq
## existence_expectancy_at_birth 7.8630
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births 0.2441
## population_ages_65_and_older_millions 0.0269
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years 0.3409
## life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years 0.1621
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people 0.0541
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds 0.0126
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years 0.0105
## Residuals 0.0030
## F value
## existence_expectancy_at_birth 2582.7215
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births 80.1878
## population_ages_65_and_older_millions 8.8205
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years 111.9899
## life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years 53.2452
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people 17.7700
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds 4.1250
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years 3.4543
## Residuals
## Pr(>F)
## existence_expectancy_at_birth < 2.2e-16
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births < 2.2e-16
## population_ages_65_and_older_millions 0.003115
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years < 2.2e-16
## life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years 1.100e-12
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people 2.937e-05
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds 0.042760
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years 0.063648
## Residuals
##
## existence_expectancy_at_birth ***
## mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births ***
## population_ages_65_and_older_millions **
## life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years ***
## life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years ***
## mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people ***
## infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds *
## expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years .
## Residuals
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1All p values are significant in relation to their respective thresholds…therefore our model is signifcant
SHARING VISUALIZATIONS
Notes: Model Plot contains 4 visuals
#FOR CONFIRMING OUR ASSUMPTIONS
plot(test_mod_4)
#FOR CCHEKING CORRELATION VIA SCATTERPLOTS
avPlots(test_mod_4,id=FALSE, pt.wts=TRUE)
REGRESSION FORMULA FOR PREDICTING WELL BEING INDEX
- After downsizing our variables We were able to remain with only 8
significant predictors of galaxy well being index
- existence_expectancy_at_birth
- mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births
- population_ages_65_and_older_millions
- life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years
- life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years
- mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people
- infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds
- expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years
- Our multiple regression formula is as follows; Y(Predicted Well-Being Index)=1.760e-01+2.957e-03(existence_expectancy_at_birth)-3.055e-04(mortality_rate_under_five_per_1_000_live_births)+1.216e-04(population_ages_65_and_older_millions)+2.947e-03(life_expectancy_at_birth_male_galactic_years)+4.108e-03(life_expectancy_at_birth_female_galactic_years)-1.862e-04(mortality_rate_male_grown_up_per_1_000_people)-3.830e-04(infants_lacking_immunization_red_hot_disease_percent_of_one_galactic_year_olds)+2.002e-03(expected_years_of_education_female_galactic_years)
- A simple iterative explanation for positive predictors: e.g if all other predictors bar the existence expectancy at birth are kept constant, then the Predicted well being index will increase by a factor of 2.957e-03 per existence expectancy at birth. The converse is true for all negative predictors e.g mortality rate under five per 1000 live births