class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide .title[ # (How) have languages been growing? ] .subtitle[ ## Typologies of expansion ] .author[ ### Lidia Tripiccione ] .institute[ ### Princeton University ] .date[ ### 07/26/2022 ] --- class: center, middle # My chronological timeframe ## __1974 to 2016__ --- class: center, middle # Languages I have been working on --- class: center, middle # Old Timers - Arabic - Chinese - French - German - Ancient Greek - Hebrew ( __Modern Hebrew__ + __Biblical Hebrew__ ) - Italian - Japanese - Latin - Portuguese - Russian - Spanish --- class: middle, center # Emerging Languages - American Sign Language - Cherokee - Dakota/Lakota ( __Dakota/Lakota__ + __Lakota__) - Farsi/Persian - Filipino/Pilipino/Tagalog - Hawai'ian - Hindi/Urdu ( __Hindi__ + __Urdu__ + __Hindi/Urdu__) - Hmong - Ilocano/Ilokano - Korean - Navajo - Ojibwa/Ojibway/Ojibwe ( __Ojibwa/Ojibway/Ojibwe__ + __Chippewa__) - Swahili/Kiswahili - Vietnamese --- class: middle, center # Selection Criteria - Historical category: __top 15 most commonly taught languages per year__ - New category: __top 15 languages by percentage difference per year__ (provided enrollment > 50 and the language is not an "Old Timer") - Programs availability on the US territory --- class: center # Old Timers Programs as of 1974
--- class: center #Emerging Languages Programs as of 1974
--- class: center, middle # What has happened between 1974 and 2016? - Overall, the number of programs offering languages increased, as did the number of languages offered. - 1995 **annus horribilis**: big dip in enrollments of French, German, Russian, and Italian. - 1995-2009: exponential to significant growth for many of the languages I have mentioned. - 2009: beginning of a significant crisis. --- #Old Timers Enrollments: 1995 to 2009
--- #Emerging Languages Enrollments: 1995 to 2009
--- class: middle, center, inverse #How have languages been growing? --- class: middle, center #Two poles - The increase in enrollment can be put down to an increase in the number of programs - The increase in enrollment is dependent upon the expansion of existing programs --- class:middle, center #My Parameters - Numbers of Programs offering a Language throughout the Years - Average Number of Students per Program through the Years - Ratio of Programs losing Students to Programs gaining Students `$$Ratio=\frac{Programs_{p.difference < 0}}{Programs_{p.difference >0}}$$` - Stable Programs vs Newly Acquired or Lost Programs --- class: middle, center # Chinese: 1995-2009 - Fast incremement in the number of programs offering the language - The average number of students per department did not increase significally - The ratio of programs losing students and programs gaining students is comparable to that of other languages that have been growing --- ###Ratio: Program reporting losses vs Programs reporting gains in enrollment
--- ### Chinese: Average Number of Students per Program vs Number of Programs
--- # Dakota/Lakota and Hawai'ian: Overview
--- ### Dakota/Lakota, Hawa'ian: Number of Programs
--- ### Dakota/Lakota and Hawai'ian: Average Number of Students per Program
--- class: center, middle #THANK YOU ---