Module 12 Exercise

library(sf)
## Warning: package 'sf' was built under R version 4.0.5
## Linking to GEOS 3.9.1, GDAL 3.4.0, PROJ 8.1.1; sf_use_s2() is TRUE
library(viridis)
## Loading required package: viridisLite
library(ggplot2)
library(raster)
## Warning: package 'raster' was built under R version 4.0.5
## Loading required package: sp
library(ncdf4)
library(RColorBrewer)
## Warning: package 'RColorBrewer' was built under R version 4.0.5

Exercise 1

  • For the first exercise we were asked to create graphs based on two of the following variabvles from the countries.zip file: Median GDP (gdp_md_est), Population (pop_est), and Income group (income_grp).
countries <- st_read("./countries/countries.shp")
## Reading layer `countries' from data source 
##   `/Users/brizolara/Desktop/GEOG5680/module12/countries/countries.shp' 
##   using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 177 features and 64 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: -180 ymin: -90 xmax: 180 ymax: 83.64513
## CRS:           NA
ggplot() + geom_sf(data = countries, aes(fill = gdp_md_est)) + theme_bw()

ggplot() + geom_sf(data = countries, aes(fill = pop_est)) + theme_bw()

ggplot() + geom_sf(data = countries, aes(fill = income_grp)) + theme_bw()

## Exercise 2 -For this exercise we utilized the NetCDF (raster) file air.mon.mean.nc. We used the functions learned in lab to create a time series of globally average temperature from January 1948 to present.

air_temp <- stack("./air.mon.mean.nc", varname = "air")
air_temp = rotate(air_temp)
air_temp
## class      : RasterBrick 
## dimensions : 73, 144, 10512, 819  (nrow, ncol, ncell, nlayers)
## resolution : 2.5, 2.5  (x, y)
## extent     : -178.75, 181.25, -91.25, 91.25  (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
## crs        : NA 
## source     : memory
## names      : X1948.01.01, X1948.02.01, X1948.03.01, X1948.04.01, X1948.05.01, X1948.06.01, X1948.07.01, X1948.08.01, X1948.09.01, X1948.10.01, X1948.11.01, X1948.12.01, X1949.01.01, X1949.02.01, X1949.03.01, ... 
## min values :   -41.00968,   -44.23103,   -58.51742,   -67.92667,   -69.81903,   -68.55500,   -69.94355,   -68.38711,   -65.47433,   -52.53613,   -39.03866,   -46.26936,   -45.03871,   -45.13071,   -59.84678, ... 
## max values :    34.16451,    35.39965,    31.76451,    35.69066,    38.87645,    38.62499,    39.28387,    38.99096,    35.23600,    31.83290,    33.13733,    35.27161,    34.27999,    32.75857,    32.24774, ... 
## Date/time  : 1948-01-01, 2016-03-01 (min, max)
monthly_temp_average <- cellStats(air_temp, mean)
monthly_temp_average
## X1948.01.01 X1948.02.01 X1948.03.01 X1948.04.01 X1948.05.01 X1948.06.01 
##    3.335437    2.175768    1.554411    2.520872    4.785423    5.901936 
## X1948.07.01 X1948.08.01 X1948.09.01 X1948.10.01 X1948.11.01 X1948.12.01 
##    6.001729    6.106230    4.702632    4.203414    3.989012    3.124159 
## X1949.01.01 X1949.02.01 X1949.03.01 X1949.04.01 X1949.05.01 X1949.06.01 
##    3.383862    2.810236    1.779802    2.479861    4.450119    5.989038 
## X1949.07.01 X1949.08.01 X1949.09.01 X1949.10.01 X1949.11.01 X1949.12.01 
##    6.261511    5.690006    4.733704    3.679213    3.961924    4.117548 
## X1950.01.01 X1950.02.01 X1950.03.01 X1950.04.01 X1950.05.01 X1950.06.01 
##    3.332139    1.760888    2.111666    2.947106    4.594682    5.993451 
## X1950.07.01 X1950.08.01 X1950.09.01 X1950.10.01 X1950.11.01 X1950.12.01 
##    6.564026    5.601315    4.238971    3.473433    3.261374    3.385217 
## X1951.01.01 X1951.02.01 X1951.03.01 X1951.04.01 X1951.05.01 X1951.06.01 
##    2.636640    1.585031    1.649893    3.047543    4.904026    6.163549 
## X1951.07.01 X1951.08.01 X1951.09.01 X1951.10.01 X1951.11.01 X1951.12.01 
##    6.642492    5.758763    5.060388    3.695576    3.386760    3.946320 
## X1952.01.01 X1952.02.01 X1952.03.01 X1952.04.01 X1952.05.01 X1952.06.01 
##    3.788679    2.745284    1.493172    2.872759    5.041516    6.180709 
## X1952.07.01 X1952.08.01 X1952.09.01 X1952.10.01 X1952.11.01 X1952.12.01 
##    6.473486    5.902155    4.861605    3.629833    3.790214    4.021118 
## X1953.01.01 X1953.02.01 X1953.03.01 X1953.04.01 X1953.05.01 X1953.06.01 
##    3.403200    2.507648    1.649555    3.336599    5.136989    6.175950 
## X1953.07.01 X1953.08.01 X1953.09.01 X1953.10.01 X1953.11.01 X1953.12.01 
##    6.803446    6.013716    4.373097    3.782501    4.027350    3.975634 
## X1954.01.01 X1954.02.01 X1954.03.01 X1954.04.01 X1954.05.01 X1954.06.01 
##    3.377925    2.040038    1.447747    2.745264    4.511198    5.818975 
## X1954.07.01 X1954.08.01 X1954.09.01 X1954.10.01 X1954.11.01 X1954.12.01 
##    6.176514    5.884584    4.377647    3.737090    3.579984    3.812659 
## X1955.01.01 X1955.02.01 X1955.03.01 X1955.04.01 X1955.05.01 X1955.06.01 
##    3.709017    1.911846    1.530679    2.511924    4.334216    5.761554 
## X1955.07.01 X1955.08.01 X1955.09.01 X1955.10.01 X1955.11.01 X1955.12.01 
##    6.096024    5.916291    4.687215    3.990022    3.184459    3.732640 
## X1956.01.01 X1956.02.01 X1956.03.01 X1956.04.01 X1956.05.01 X1956.06.01 
##    3.537689    2.200880    1.114841    2.581565    4.422706    5.818225 
## X1956.07.01 X1956.08.01 X1956.09.01 X1956.10.01 X1956.11.01 X1956.12.01 
##    6.121027    5.480689    4.332829    3.142850    3.741670    4.389525 
## X1957.01.01 X1957.02.01 X1957.03.01 X1957.04.01 X1957.05.01 X1957.06.01 
##    3.612054    2.378767    1.928408    2.947726    4.917028    6.419707 
## X1957.07.01 X1957.08.01 X1957.09.01 X1957.10.01 X1957.11.01 X1957.12.01 
##    6.360379    5.932378    4.496101    4.102435    3.819995    3.774565 
## X1958.01.01 X1958.02.01 X1958.03.01 X1958.04.01 X1958.05.01 X1958.06.01 
##    3.958457    2.524961    2.001815    2.540278    4.605652    5.839999 
## X1958.07.01 X1958.08.01 X1958.09.01 X1958.10.01 X1958.11.01 X1958.12.01 
##    6.379920    5.773173    4.551803    3.719519    3.598622    3.755736 
## X1959.01.01 X1959.02.01 X1959.03.01 X1959.04.01 X1959.05.01 X1959.06.01 
##    3.395918    2.433190    1.879571    3.131810    4.755206    6.060134 
## X1959.07.01 X1959.08.01 X1959.09.01 X1959.10.01 X1959.11.01 X1959.12.01 
##    6.292988    5.690040    4.416845    3.640763    3.784999    3.656698 
## X1960.01.01 X1960.02.01 X1960.03.01 X1960.04.01 X1960.05.01 X1960.06.01 
##    3.545676    2.403680    1.033740    2.448982    4.588668    5.986290 
## X1960.07.01 X1960.08.01 X1960.09.01 X1960.10.01 X1960.11.01 X1960.12.01 
##    6.130386    5.719424    4.655990    3.673241    3.244954    3.855153 
## X1961.01.01 X1961.02.01 X1961.03.01 X1961.04.01 X1961.05.01 X1961.06.01 
##    3.193227    2.254536    1.636232    2.882954    4.514669    6.310608 
## X1961.07.01 X1961.08.01 X1961.09.01 X1961.10.01 X1961.11.01 X1961.12.01 
##    6.474142    5.949610    4.751763    3.934647    3.544143    3.159267 
## X1962.01.01 X1962.02.01 X1962.03.01 X1962.04.01 X1962.05.01 X1962.06.01 
##    3.056300    2.369439    2.192746    2.644639    4.320444    6.071632 
## X1962.07.01 X1962.08.01 X1962.09.01 X1962.10.01 X1962.11.01 X1962.12.01 
##    6.208701    5.752929    4.247895    3.494095    3.787169    3.322510 
## X1963.01.01 X1963.02.01 X1963.03.01 X1963.04.01 X1963.05.01 X1963.06.01 
##    2.823709    2.115255    1.131703    2.320005    4.508141    5.905608 
## X1963.07.01 X1963.08.01 X1963.09.01 X1963.10.01 X1963.11.01 X1963.12.01 
##    6.524526    5.960284    4.558936    3.347453    3.506906    3.739288 
## X1964.01.01 X1964.02.01 X1964.03.01 X1964.04.01 X1964.05.01 X1964.06.01 
##    2.815395    2.212226    1.280934    2.100943    3.934551    6.127006 
## X1964.07.01 X1964.08.01 X1964.09.01 X1964.10.01 X1964.11.01 X1964.12.01 
##    6.488639    5.645192    3.891687    3.154100    3.356241    3.225639 
## X1965.01.01 X1965.02.01 X1965.03.01 X1965.04.01 X1965.05.01 X1965.06.01 
##    3.073595    2.309907    1.664528    2.525743    4.443035    5.768825 
## X1965.07.01 X1965.08.01 X1965.09.01 X1965.10.01 X1965.11.01 X1965.12.01 
##    6.089471    5.763365    4.206529    3.520660    3.900532    3.503094 
## X1966.01.01 X1966.02.01 X1966.03.01 X1966.04.01 X1966.05.01 X1966.06.01 
##    2.653556    2.178832    1.727403    2.484500    4.331320    5.719812 
## X1966.07.01 X1966.08.01 X1966.09.01 X1966.10.01 X1966.11.01 X1966.12.01 
##    6.153808    5.601269    4.552039    3.138312    3.632272    3.880922 
## X1967.01.01 X1967.02.01 X1967.03.01 X1967.04.01 X1967.05.01 X1967.06.01 
##    3.237142    1.850407    1.906957    2.814615    4.828735    6.072717 
## X1967.07.01 X1967.08.01 X1967.09.01 X1967.10.01 X1967.11.01 X1967.12.01 
##    6.540115    5.831868    4.837032    3.741794    3.594095    3.854317 
## X1968.01.01 X1968.02.01 X1968.03.01 X1968.04.01 X1968.05.01 X1968.06.01 
##    2.984184    2.113988    2.106673    2.933893    4.611063    5.979741 
## X1968.07.01 X1968.08.01 X1968.09.01 X1968.10.01 X1968.11.01 X1968.12.01 
##    6.017954    5.694139    4.321142    4.054303    3.348673    3.179291 
## X1969.01.01 X1969.02.01 X1969.03.01 X1969.04.01 X1969.05.01 X1969.06.01 
##    3.056028    2.166980    1.305594    2.581490    4.487152    5.970636 
## X1969.07.01 X1969.08.01 X1969.09.01 X1969.10.01 X1969.11.01 X1969.12.01 
##    6.180727    5.650048    4.749048    4.000962    3.679450    4.117674 
## X1970.01.01 X1970.02.01 X1970.03.01 X1970.04.01 X1970.05.01 X1970.06.01 
##    3.413975    2.543759    1.880408    2.693374    4.339340    5.978372 
## X1970.07.01 X1970.08.01 X1970.09.01 X1970.10.01 X1970.11.01 X1970.12.01 
##    6.202003    5.519070    4.867640    3.993295    3.669717    3.517073 
## X1971.01.01 X1971.02.01 X1971.03.01 X1971.04.01 X1971.05.01 X1971.06.01 
##    3.037911    2.512237    1.720666    2.887245    4.721861    5.863084 
## X1971.07.01 X1971.08.01 X1971.09.01 X1971.10.01 X1971.11.01 X1971.12.01 
##    6.250695    6.017038    4.638689    3.691312    3.524607    3.598223 
## X1972.01.01 X1972.02.01 X1972.03.01 X1972.04.01 X1972.05.01 X1972.06.01 
##    3.258771    2.080529    1.875888    2.655068    4.442901    6.248883 
## X1972.07.01 X1972.08.01 X1972.09.01 X1972.10.01 X1972.11.01 X1972.12.01 
##    6.522937    6.174406    4.869621    4.132712    3.576379    3.765857 
## X1973.01.01 X1973.02.01 X1973.03.01 X1973.04.01 X1973.05.01 X1973.06.01 
##    3.620368    2.286880    1.741499    2.969284    4.891627    6.256810 
## X1973.07.01 X1973.08.01 X1973.09.01 X1973.10.01 X1973.11.01 X1973.12.01 
##    6.441734    5.793562    4.623617    3.779967    3.975363    3.438731 
## X1974.01.01 X1974.02.01 X1974.03.01 X1974.04.01 X1974.05.01 X1974.06.01 
##    3.542966    1.919575    1.743375    2.535207    4.246421    5.884842 
## X1974.07.01 X1974.08.01 X1974.09.01 X1974.10.01 X1974.11.01 X1974.12.01 
##    6.196555    6.180270    4.477239    3.862801    3.469056    3.510651 
## X1975.01.01 X1975.02.01 X1975.03.01 X1975.04.01 X1975.05.01 X1975.06.01 
##    3.023370    2.506189    2.016541    2.788362    4.691406    5.968839 
## X1975.07.01 X1975.08.01 X1975.09.01 X1975.10.01 X1975.11.01 X1975.12.01 
##    6.362016    5.340852    4.250905    3.589122    3.414135    3.583789 
## X1976.01.01 X1976.02.01 X1976.03.01 X1976.04.01 X1976.05.01 X1976.06.01 
##    3.405466    2.688793    1.868791    2.515624    3.792150    5.966375 
## X1976.07.01 X1976.08.01 X1976.09.01 X1976.10.01 X1976.11.01 X1976.12.01 
##    6.254454    5.574882    4.609760    3.091574    3.440641    3.878879 
## X1977.01.01 X1977.02.01 X1977.03.01 X1977.04.01 X1977.05.01 X1977.06.01 
##    4.058780    2.218510    1.602939    2.966585    5.146608    6.384985 
## X1977.07.01 X1977.08.01 X1977.09.01 X1977.10.01 X1977.11.01 X1977.12.01 
##    6.662443    6.329075    4.611060    3.721383    3.842184    3.558840 
## X1978.01.01 X1978.02.01 X1978.03.01 X1978.04.01 X1978.05.01 X1978.06.01 
##    3.192326    2.429779    2.012640    3.177088    4.894560    6.102895 
## X1978.07.01 X1978.08.01 X1978.09.01 X1978.10.01 X1978.11.01 X1978.12.01 
##    6.423055    5.669517    4.696334    3.943897    3.928842    3.771398 
## X1979.01.01 X1979.02.01 X1979.03.01 X1979.04.01 X1979.05.01 X1979.06.01 
##    3.508332    1.467182    1.905411    2.661861    4.550044    5.728080 
## X1979.07.01 X1979.08.01 X1979.09.01 X1979.10.01 X1979.11.01 X1979.12.01 
##    5.814732    5.906688    4.747145    3.670915    3.709207    3.983636 
## X1980.01.01 X1980.02.01 X1980.03.01 X1980.04.01 X1980.05.01 X1980.06.01 
##    3.794998    2.974609    2.408027    3.405723    5.111456    6.485766 
## X1980.07.01 X1980.08.01 X1980.09.01 X1980.10.01 X1980.11.01 X1980.12.01 
##    7.016698    6.451686    5.043883    4.117621    3.820754    3.703570 
## X1981.01.01 X1981.02.01 X1981.03.01 X1981.04.01 X1981.05.01 X1981.06.01 
##    3.747884    2.921509    2.612384    3.365916    4.961264    6.471032 
## X1981.07.01 X1981.08.01 X1981.09.01 X1981.10.01 X1981.11.01 X1981.12.01 
##    6.821507    6.789020    4.993337    4.017561    3.847457    4.133096 
## X1982.01.01 X1982.02.01 X1982.03.01 X1982.04.01 X1982.05.01 X1982.06.01 
##    3.179514    2.471094    1.475784    2.415371    4.514793    5.944390 
## X1982.07.01 X1982.08.01 X1982.09.01 X1982.10.01 X1982.11.01 X1982.12.01 
##    6.492007    5.665524    4.455546    3.893947    3.919882    4.062042 
## X1983.01.01 X1983.02.01 X1983.03.01 X1983.04.01 X1983.05.01 X1983.06.01 
##    3.536598    2.597539    2.371574    2.838839    4.917660    6.270577 
## X1983.07.01 X1983.08.01 X1983.09.01 X1983.10.01 X1983.11.01 X1983.12.01 
##    6.248937    6.267218    5.058996    3.693027    3.652675    3.693575 
## X1984.01.01 X1984.02.01 X1984.03.01 X1984.04.01 X1984.05.01 X1984.06.01 
##    3.699945    2.568409    2.005422    2.787602    5.243062    5.973500 
## X1984.07.01 X1984.08.01 X1984.09.01 X1984.10.01 X1984.11.01 X1984.12.01 
##    6.600133    6.213464    4.987222    4.114676    3.702103    3.724296 
## X1985.01.01 X1985.02.01 X1985.03.01 X1985.04.01 X1985.05.01 X1985.06.01 
##    3.738183    2.152953    1.864832    2.932700    4.710180    6.617489 
## X1985.07.01 X1985.08.01 X1985.09.01 X1985.10.01 X1985.11.01 X1985.12.01 
##    6.375927    6.174748    4.762478    3.620324    3.795128    3.869558 
## X1986.01.01 X1986.02.01 X1986.03.01 X1986.04.01 X1986.05.01 X1986.06.01 
##    3.367471    2.909575    1.941651    2.942365    4.847516    6.154432 
## X1986.07.01 X1986.08.01 X1986.09.01 X1986.10.01 X1986.11.01 X1986.12.01 
##    6.693221    6.315781    4.737912    3.929654    3.831789    3.747540 
## X1987.01.01 X1987.02.01 X1987.03.01 X1987.04.01 X1987.05.01 X1987.06.01 
##    3.515461    2.385975    1.739280    2.970582    4.816828    6.584010 
## X1987.07.01 X1987.08.01 X1987.09.01 X1987.10.01 X1987.11.01 X1987.12.01 
##    7.068504    6.095057    4.716451    3.825996    3.398026    3.766707 
## X1988.01.01 X1988.02.01 X1988.03.01 X1988.04.01 X1988.05.01 X1988.06.01 
##    3.634667    2.742895    2.306233    3.332310    5.270006    6.788597 
## X1988.07.01 X1988.08.01 X1988.09.01 X1988.10.01 X1988.11.01 X1988.12.01 
##    6.902912    6.631529    5.175556    4.129671    3.631472    3.708257 
## X1989.01.01 X1989.02.01 X1989.03.01 X1989.04.01 X1989.05.01 X1989.06.01 
##    2.731245    2.776317    2.200704    3.055487    4.695770    6.129461 
## X1989.07.01 X1989.08.01 X1989.09.01 X1989.10.01 X1989.11.01 X1989.12.01 
##    6.801046    6.397314    5.358330    4.077758    3.538587    4.046037 
## X1990.01.01 X1990.02.01 X1990.03.01 X1990.04.01 X1990.05.01 X1990.06.01 
##    3.897210    2.773292    2.668663    3.704524    5.460249    6.603657 
## X1990.07.01 X1990.08.01 X1990.09.01 X1990.10.01 X1990.11.01 X1990.12.01 
##    7.188931    6.407801    5.121527    4.061996    3.874642    3.743198 
## X1991.01.01 X1991.02.01 X1991.03.01 X1991.04.01 X1991.05.01 X1991.06.01 
##    3.626255    2.852784    2.073307    3.119019    5.278372    6.869059 
## X1991.07.01 X1991.08.01 X1991.09.01 X1991.10.01 X1991.11.01 X1991.12.01 
##    7.238714    6.653727    5.504781    4.022382    3.758522    3.949563 
## X1992.01.01 X1992.02.01 X1992.03.01 X1992.04.01 X1992.05.01 X1992.06.01 
##    3.363276    2.603528    2.497507    3.228969    4.901776    6.431430 
## X1992.07.01 X1992.08.01 X1992.09.01 X1992.10.01 X1992.11.01 X1992.12.01 
##    6.510181    5.889374    4.665741    3.947715    3.444827    3.452177 
## X1993.01.01 X1993.02.01 X1993.03.01 X1993.04.01 X1993.05.01 X1993.06.01 
##    3.170425    2.581685    1.689642    2.876318    4.647090    6.108711 
## X1993.07.01 X1993.08.01 X1993.09.01 X1993.10.01 X1993.11.01 X1993.12.01 
##    6.469433    5.966307    4.578675    3.932426    3.459466    3.204203 
## X1994.01.01 X1994.02.01 X1994.03.01 X1994.04.01 X1994.05.01 X1994.06.01 
##    3.096213    2.144278    1.711757    3.118394    4.552199    6.467309 
## X1994.07.01 X1994.08.01 X1994.09.01 X1994.10.01 X1994.11.01 X1994.12.01 
##    6.654548    6.038392    5.068229    4.187054    3.766308    3.533674 
## X1995.01.01 X1995.02.01 X1995.03.01 X1995.04.01 X1995.05.01 X1995.06.01 
##    3.299095    3.094658    1.975083    3.539992    4.996858    6.551508 
## X1995.07.01 X1995.08.01 X1995.09.01 X1995.10.01 X1995.11.01 X1995.12.01 
##    7.131109    6.401464    5.038285    4.470557    3.873058    3.364090 
## X1996.01.01 X1996.02.01 X1996.03.01 X1996.04.01 X1996.05.01 X1996.06.01 
##    2.985204    2.669177    1.980621    3.356391    4.615617    6.055860 
## X1996.07.01 X1996.08.01 X1996.09.01 X1996.10.01 X1996.11.01 X1996.12.01 
##    6.717857    6.920832    5.098742    3.786042    4.508488    3.743792 
## X1997.01.01 X1997.02.01 X1997.03.01 X1997.04.01 X1997.05.01 X1997.06.01 
##    2.763226    2.139631    2.717024    3.183038    5.045760    6.525353 
## X1997.07.01 X1997.08.01 X1997.09.01 X1997.10.01 X1997.11.01 X1997.12.01 
##    6.629474    6.509031    5.426359    4.536910    4.326707    3.858516 
## X1998.01.01 X1998.02.01 X1998.03.01 X1998.04.01 X1998.05.01 X1998.06.01 
##    3.642953    2.841440    2.541636    3.518444    5.590056    7.316388 
## X1998.07.01 X1998.08.01 X1998.09.01 X1998.10.01 X1998.11.01 X1998.12.01 
##    7.492533    7.036935    5.526687    4.211963    4.116276    3.809956 
## X1999.01.01 X1999.02.01 X1999.03.01 X1999.04.01 X1999.05.01 X1999.06.01 
##    3.381419    2.899312    2.292975    3.214741    5.074525    6.671260 
## X1999.07.01 X1999.08.01 X1999.09.01 X1999.10.01 X1999.11.01 X1999.12.01 
##    7.003623    6.795459    5.558680    4.495403    4.104541    3.810942 
## X2000.01.01 X2000.02.01 X2000.03.01 X2000.04.01 X2000.05.01 X2000.06.01 
##    3.160007    2.927651    2.687249    3.565998    4.933878    6.698459 
## X2000.07.01 X2000.08.01 X2000.09.01 X2000.10.01 X2000.11.01 X2000.12.01 
##    6.999869    6.712729    5.405510    4.360738    4.141244    3.835999 
## X2001.01.01 X2001.02.01 X2001.03.01 X2001.04.01 X2001.05.01 X2001.06.01 
##    3.451715    2.932698    2.188218    3.209227    5.240808    6.780842 
## X2001.07.01 X2001.08.01 X2001.09.01 X2001.10.01 X2001.11.01 X2001.12.01 
##    7.281071    6.731376    5.804011    4.637195    4.450275    4.371144 
## X2002.01.01 X2002.02.01 X2002.03.01 X2002.04.01 X2002.05.01 X2002.06.01 
##    3.920314    2.685139    3.257721    3.663700    6.033248    6.991866 
## X2002.07.01 X2002.08.01 X2002.09.01 X2002.10.01 X2002.11.01 X2002.12.01 
##    7.491993    7.046750    6.046178    4.926688    4.174354    4.089254 
## X2003.01.01 X2003.02.01 X2003.03.01 X2003.04.01 X2003.05.01 X2003.06.01 
##    3.980072    2.654995    2.405454    3.805449    5.598991    6.685953 
## X2003.07.01 X2003.08.01 X2003.09.01 X2003.10.01 X2003.11.01 X2003.12.01 
##    7.289191    7.206512    6.074990    4.979578    4.287632    4.442523 
## X2004.01.01 X2004.02.01 X2004.03.01 X2004.04.01 X2004.05.01 X2004.06.01 
##    3.823046    3.022666    2.590654    3.976682    5.351043    6.804978 
## X2004.07.01 X2004.08.01 X2004.09.01 X2004.10.01 X2004.11.01 X2004.12.01 
##    6.751961    6.645923    5.881617    4.794270    4.102950    4.118906 
## X2005.01.01 X2005.02.01 X2005.03.01 X2005.04.01 X2005.05.01 X2005.06.01 
##    4.415694    3.398557    2.876705    3.943575    5.939501    7.399620 
## X2005.07.01 X2005.08.01 X2005.09.01 X2005.10.01 X2005.11.01 X2005.12.01 
##    7.529048    7.078261    6.085239    5.304482    4.590399    4.747618 
## X2006.01.01 X2006.02.01 X2006.03.01 X2006.04.01 X2006.05.01 X2006.06.01 
##    4.192372    3.207719    2.994622    4.086654    5.567275    7.018934 
## X2006.07.01 X2006.08.01 X2006.09.01 X2006.10.01 X2006.11.01 X2006.12.01 
##    7.067453    7.179682    5.970833    5.063037    4.636259    4.071557 
## X2007.01.01 X2007.02.01 X2007.03.01 X2007.04.01 X2007.05.01 X2007.06.01 
##    4.137556    3.151369    2.691501    4.250878    5.867674    7.338945 
## X2007.07.01 X2007.08.01 X2007.09.01 X2007.10.01 X2007.11.01 X2007.12.01 
##    7.600250    7.072487    5.895664    5.330575    4.503265    4.143886 
## X2008.01.01 X2008.02.01 X2008.03.01 X2008.04.01 X2008.05.01 X2008.06.01 
##    3.059988    2.655270    2.659720    4.077394    5.611412    6.730601 
## X2008.07.01 X2008.08.01 X2008.09.01 X2008.10.01 X2008.11.01 X2008.12.01 
##    7.463823    6.806018    6.148661    4.923378    4.456302    4.165690 
## X2009.01.01 X2009.02.01 X2009.03.01 X2009.04.01 X2009.05.01 X2009.06.01 
##    4.049550    2.916172    2.531780    3.565877    6.043875    7.020932 
## X2009.07.01 X2009.08.01 X2009.09.01 X2009.10.01 X2009.11.01 X2009.12.01 
##    7.660642    6.975579    6.027429    5.278799    4.621088    4.332898 
## X2010.01.01 X2010.02.01 X2010.03.01 X2010.04.01 X2010.05.01 X2010.06.01 
##    3.824015    3.390057    3.199726    4.405777    6.102701    7.005237 
## X2010.07.01 X2010.08.01 X2010.09.01 X2010.10.01 X2010.11.01 X2010.12.01 
##    7.196414    7.052541    6.053982    5.166767    4.511072    4.084245 
## X2011.01.01 X2011.02.01 X2011.03.01 X2011.04.01 X2011.05.01 X2011.06.01 
##    3.834681    3.060345    2.944068    4.059151    5.632901    7.198833 
## X2011.07.01 X2011.08.01 X2011.09.01 X2011.10.01 X2011.11.01 X2011.12.01 
##    7.930649    7.452456    5.938100    5.193234    4.432552    4.213367 
## X2012.01.01 X2012.02.01 X2012.03.01 X2012.04.01 X2012.05.01 X2012.06.01 
##    3.629917    3.113139    2.727731    3.966020    5.940042    7.186391 
## X2012.07.01 X2012.08.01 X2012.09.01 X2012.10.01 X2012.11.01 X2012.12.01 
##    7.356503    7.091920    6.249357    5.365740    4.864393    4.050665 
## X2013.01.01 X2013.02.01 X2013.03.01 X2013.04.01 X2013.05.01 X2013.06.01 
##    4.055011    2.586552    2.954312    4.054314    5.421414    7.335608 
## X2013.07.01 X2013.08.01 X2013.09.01 X2013.10.01 X2013.11.01 X2013.12.01 
##    7.275614    7.307896    6.482038    4.947751    4.538783    4.436338 
## X2014.01.01 X2014.02.01 X2014.03.01 X2014.04.01 X2014.05.01 X2014.06.01 
##    3.969183    3.133713    3.059011    4.087492    5.991063    6.912393 
## X2014.07.01 X2014.08.01 X2014.09.01 X2014.10.01 X2014.11.01 X2014.12.01 
##    7.179111    7.150360    6.283088    5.186626    4.392008    4.275226 
## X2015.01.01 X2015.02.01 X2015.03.01 X2015.04.01 X2015.05.01 X2015.06.01 
##    3.808163    3.284843    3.062195    4.105699    5.550379    6.948313 
## X2015.07.01 X2015.08.01 X2015.09.01 X2015.10.01 X2015.11.01 X2015.12.01 
##    7.206628    7.079224    5.940189    5.690675    5.024630    4.759854 
## X2016.01.01 X2016.02.01 X2016.03.01 
##    4.796793    4.236349    3.689390
plot(monthly_temp_average)

#Bonus -Professor Brewer showed me how make that same graph utilizng ggplot. Heres that code:

seq.Date(as.Date("1948-01-01"), as.Date("2016-03-01"), by = "month")
##   [1] "1948-01-01" "1948-02-01" "1948-03-01" "1948-04-01" "1948-05-01"
##   [6] "1948-06-01" "1948-07-01" "1948-08-01" "1948-09-01" "1948-10-01"
##  [11] "1948-11-01" "1948-12-01" "1949-01-01" "1949-02-01" "1949-03-01"
##  [16] "1949-04-01" "1949-05-01" "1949-06-01" "1949-07-01" "1949-08-01"
##  [21] "1949-09-01" "1949-10-01" "1949-11-01" "1949-12-01" "1950-01-01"
##  [26] "1950-02-01" "1950-03-01" "1950-04-01" "1950-05-01" "1950-06-01"
##  [31] "1950-07-01" "1950-08-01" "1950-09-01" "1950-10-01" "1950-11-01"
##  [36] "1950-12-01" "1951-01-01" "1951-02-01" "1951-03-01" "1951-04-01"
##  [41] "1951-05-01" "1951-06-01" "1951-07-01" "1951-08-01" "1951-09-01"
##  [46] "1951-10-01" "1951-11-01" "1951-12-01" "1952-01-01" "1952-02-01"
##  [51] "1952-03-01" "1952-04-01" "1952-05-01" "1952-06-01" "1952-07-01"
##  [56] "1952-08-01" "1952-09-01" "1952-10-01" "1952-11-01" "1952-12-01"
##  [61] "1953-01-01" "1953-02-01" "1953-03-01" "1953-04-01" "1953-05-01"
##  [66] "1953-06-01" "1953-07-01" "1953-08-01" "1953-09-01" "1953-10-01"
##  [71] "1953-11-01" "1953-12-01" "1954-01-01" "1954-02-01" "1954-03-01"
##  [76] "1954-04-01" "1954-05-01" "1954-06-01" "1954-07-01" "1954-08-01"
##  [81] "1954-09-01" "1954-10-01" "1954-11-01" "1954-12-01" "1955-01-01"
##  [86] "1955-02-01" "1955-03-01" "1955-04-01" "1955-05-01" "1955-06-01"
##  [91] "1955-07-01" "1955-08-01" "1955-09-01" "1955-10-01" "1955-11-01"
##  [96] "1955-12-01" "1956-01-01" "1956-02-01" "1956-03-01" "1956-04-01"
## [101] "1956-05-01" "1956-06-01" "1956-07-01" "1956-08-01" "1956-09-01"
## [106] "1956-10-01" "1956-11-01" "1956-12-01" "1957-01-01" "1957-02-01"
## [111] "1957-03-01" "1957-04-01" "1957-05-01" "1957-06-01" "1957-07-01"
## [116] "1957-08-01" "1957-09-01" "1957-10-01" "1957-11-01" "1957-12-01"
## [121] "1958-01-01" "1958-02-01" "1958-03-01" "1958-04-01" "1958-05-01"
## [126] "1958-06-01" "1958-07-01" "1958-08-01" "1958-09-01" "1958-10-01"
## [131] "1958-11-01" "1958-12-01" "1959-01-01" "1959-02-01" "1959-03-01"
## [136] "1959-04-01" "1959-05-01" "1959-06-01" "1959-07-01" "1959-08-01"
## [141] "1959-09-01" "1959-10-01" "1959-11-01" "1959-12-01" "1960-01-01"
## [146] "1960-02-01" "1960-03-01" "1960-04-01" "1960-05-01" "1960-06-01"
## [151] "1960-07-01" "1960-08-01" "1960-09-01" "1960-10-01" "1960-11-01"
## [156] "1960-12-01" "1961-01-01" "1961-02-01" "1961-03-01" "1961-04-01"
## [161] "1961-05-01" "1961-06-01" "1961-07-01" "1961-08-01" "1961-09-01"
## [166] "1961-10-01" "1961-11-01" "1961-12-01" "1962-01-01" "1962-02-01"
## [171] "1962-03-01" "1962-04-01" "1962-05-01" "1962-06-01" "1962-07-01"
## [176] "1962-08-01" "1962-09-01" "1962-10-01" "1962-11-01" "1962-12-01"
## [181] "1963-01-01" "1963-02-01" "1963-03-01" "1963-04-01" "1963-05-01"
## [186] "1963-06-01" "1963-07-01" "1963-08-01" "1963-09-01" "1963-10-01"
## [191] "1963-11-01" "1963-12-01" "1964-01-01" "1964-02-01" "1964-03-01"
## [196] "1964-04-01" "1964-05-01" "1964-06-01" "1964-07-01" "1964-08-01"
## [201] "1964-09-01" "1964-10-01" "1964-11-01" "1964-12-01" "1965-01-01"
## [206] "1965-02-01" "1965-03-01" "1965-04-01" "1965-05-01" "1965-06-01"
## [211] "1965-07-01" "1965-08-01" "1965-09-01" "1965-10-01" "1965-11-01"
## [216] "1965-12-01" "1966-01-01" "1966-02-01" "1966-03-01" "1966-04-01"
## [221] "1966-05-01" "1966-06-01" "1966-07-01" "1966-08-01" "1966-09-01"
## [226] "1966-10-01" "1966-11-01" "1966-12-01" "1967-01-01" "1967-02-01"
## [231] "1967-03-01" "1967-04-01" "1967-05-01" "1967-06-01" "1967-07-01"
## [236] "1967-08-01" "1967-09-01" "1967-10-01" "1967-11-01" "1967-12-01"
## [241] "1968-01-01" "1968-02-01" "1968-03-01" "1968-04-01" "1968-05-01"
## [246] "1968-06-01" "1968-07-01" "1968-08-01" "1968-09-01" "1968-10-01"
## [251] "1968-11-01" "1968-12-01" "1969-01-01" "1969-02-01" "1969-03-01"
## [256] "1969-04-01" "1969-05-01" "1969-06-01" "1969-07-01" "1969-08-01"
## [261] "1969-09-01" "1969-10-01" "1969-11-01" "1969-12-01" "1970-01-01"
## [266] "1970-02-01" "1970-03-01" "1970-04-01" "1970-05-01" "1970-06-01"
## [271] "1970-07-01" "1970-08-01" "1970-09-01" "1970-10-01" "1970-11-01"
## [276] "1970-12-01" "1971-01-01" "1971-02-01" "1971-03-01" "1971-04-01"
## [281] "1971-05-01" "1971-06-01" "1971-07-01" "1971-08-01" "1971-09-01"
## [286] "1971-10-01" "1971-11-01" "1971-12-01" "1972-01-01" "1972-02-01"
## [291] "1972-03-01" "1972-04-01" "1972-05-01" "1972-06-01" "1972-07-01"
## [296] "1972-08-01" "1972-09-01" "1972-10-01" "1972-11-01" "1972-12-01"
## [301] "1973-01-01" "1973-02-01" "1973-03-01" "1973-04-01" "1973-05-01"
## [306] "1973-06-01" "1973-07-01" "1973-08-01" "1973-09-01" "1973-10-01"
## [311] "1973-11-01" "1973-12-01" "1974-01-01" "1974-02-01" "1974-03-01"
## [316] "1974-04-01" "1974-05-01" "1974-06-01" "1974-07-01" "1974-08-01"
## [321] "1974-09-01" "1974-10-01" "1974-11-01" "1974-12-01" "1975-01-01"
## [326] "1975-02-01" "1975-03-01" "1975-04-01" "1975-05-01" "1975-06-01"
## [331] "1975-07-01" "1975-08-01" "1975-09-01" "1975-10-01" "1975-11-01"
## [336] "1975-12-01" "1976-01-01" "1976-02-01" "1976-03-01" "1976-04-01"
## [341] "1976-05-01" "1976-06-01" "1976-07-01" "1976-08-01" "1976-09-01"
## [346] "1976-10-01" "1976-11-01" "1976-12-01" "1977-01-01" "1977-02-01"
## [351] "1977-03-01" "1977-04-01" "1977-05-01" "1977-06-01" "1977-07-01"
## [356] "1977-08-01" "1977-09-01" "1977-10-01" "1977-11-01" "1977-12-01"
## [361] "1978-01-01" "1978-02-01" "1978-03-01" "1978-04-01" "1978-05-01"
## [366] "1978-06-01" "1978-07-01" "1978-08-01" "1978-09-01" "1978-10-01"
## [371] "1978-11-01" "1978-12-01" "1979-01-01" "1979-02-01" "1979-03-01"
## [376] "1979-04-01" "1979-05-01" "1979-06-01" "1979-07-01" "1979-08-01"
## [381] "1979-09-01" "1979-10-01" "1979-11-01" "1979-12-01" "1980-01-01"
## [386] "1980-02-01" "1980-03-01" "1980-04-01" "1980-05-01" "1980-06-01"
## [391] "1980-07-01" "1980-08-01" "1980-09-01" "1980-10-01" "1980-11-01"
## [396] "1980-12-01" "1981-01-01" "1981-02-01" "1981-03-01" "1981-04-01"
## [401] "1981-05-01" "1981-06-01" "1981-07-01" "1981-08-01" "1981-09-01"
## [406] "1981-10-01" "1981-11-01" "1981-12-01" "1982-01-01" "1982-02-01"
## [411] "1982-03-01" "1982-04-01" "1982-05-01" "1982-06-01" "1982-07-01"
## [416] "1982-08-01" "1982-09-01" "1982-10-01" "1982-11-01" "1982-12-01"
## [421] "1983-01-01" "1983-02-01" "1983-03-01" "1983-04-01" "1983-05-01"
## [426] "1983-06-01" "1983-07-01" "1983-08-01" "1983-09-01" "1983-10-01"
## [431] "1983-11-01" "1983-12-01" "1984-01-01" "1984-02-01" "1984-03-01"
## [436] "1984-04-01" "1984-05-01" "1984-06-01" "1984-07-01" "1984-08-01"
## [441] "1984-09-01" "1984-10-01" "1984-11-01" "1984-12-01" "1985-01-01"
## [446] "1985-02-01" "1985-03-01" "1985-04-01" "1985-05-01" "1985-06-01"
## [451] "1985-07-01" "1985-08-01" "1985-09-01" "1985-10-01" "1985-11-01"
## [456] "1985-12-01" "1986-01-01" "1986-02-01" "1986-03-01" "1986-04-01"
## [461] "1986-05-01" "1986-06-01" "1986-07-01" "1986-08-01" "1986-09-01"
## [466] "1986-10-01" "1986-11-01" "1986-12-01" "1987-01-01" "1987-02-01"
## [471] "1987-03-01" "1987-04-01" "1987-05-01" "1987-06-01" "1987-07-01"
## [476] "1987-08-01" "1987-09-01" "1987-10-01" "1987-11-01" "1987-12-01"
## [481] "1988-01-01" "1988-02-01" "1988-03-01" "1988-04-01" "1988-05-01"
## [486] "1988-06-01" "1988-07-01" "1988-08-01" "1988-09-01" "1988-10-01"
## [491] "1988-11-01" "1988-12-01" "1989-01-01" "1989-02-01" "1989-03-01"
## [496] "1989-04-01" "1989-05-01" "1989-06-01" "1989-07-01" "1989-08-01"
## [501] "1989-09-01" "1989-10-01" "1989-11-01" "1989-12-01" "1990-01-01"
## [506] "1990-02-01" "1990-03-01" "1990-04-01" "1990-05-01" "1990-06-01"
## [511] "1990-07-01" "1990-08-01" "1990-09-01" "1990-10-01" "1990-11-01"
## [516] "1990-12-01" "1991-01-01" "1991-02-01" "1991-03-01" "1991-04-01"
## [521] "1991-05-01" "1991-06-01" "1991-07-01" "1991-08-01" "1991-09-01"
## [526] "1991-10-01" "1991-11-01" "1991-12-01" "1992-01-01" "1992-02-01"
## [531] "1992-03-01" "1992-04-01" "1992-05-01" "1992-06-01" "1992-07-01"
## [536] "1992-08-01" "1992-09-01" "1992-10-01" "1992-11-01" "1992-12-01"
## [541] "1993-01-01" "1993-02-01" "1993-03-01" "1993-04-01" "1993-05-01"
## [546] "1993-06-01" "1993-07-01" "1993-08-01" "1993-09-01" "1993-10-01"
## [551] "1993-11-01" "1993-12-01" "1994-01-01" "1994-02-01" "1994-03-01"
## [556] "1994-04-01" "1994-05-01" "1994-06-01" "1994-07-01" "1994-08-01"
## [561] "1994-09-01" "1994-10-01" "1994-11-01" "1994-12-01" "1995-01-01"
## [566] "1995-02-01" "1995-03-01" "1995-04-01" "1995-05-01" "1995-06-01"
## [571] "1995-07-01" "1995-08-01" "1995-09-01" "1995-10-01" "1995-11-01"
## [576] "1995-12-01" "1996-01-01" "1996-02-01" "1996-03-01" "1996-04-01"
## [581] "1996-05-01" "1996-06-01" "1996-07-01" "1996-08-01" "1996-09-01"
## [586] "1996-10-01" "1996-11-01" "1996-12-01" "1997-01-01" "1997-02-01"
## [591] "1997-03-01" "1997-04-01" "1997-05-01" "1997-06-01" "1997-07-01"
## [596] "1997-08-01" "1997-09-01" "1997-10-01" "1997-11-01" "1997-12-01"
## [601] "1998-01-01" "1998-02-01" "1998-03-01" "1998-04-01" "1998-05-01"
## [606] "1998-06-01" "1998-07-01" "1998-08-01" "1998-09-01" "1998-10-01"
## [611] "1998-11-01" "1998-12-01" "1999-01-01" "1999-02-01" "1999-03-01"
## [616] "1999-04-01" "1999-05-01" "1999-06-01" "1999-07-01" "1999-08-01"
## [621] "1999-09-01" "1999-10-01" "1999-11-01" "1999-12-01" "2000-01-01"
## [626] "2000-02-01" "2000-03-01" "2000-04-01" "2000-05-01" "2000-06-01"
## [631] "2000-07-01" "2000-08-01" "2000-09-01" "2000-10-01" "2000-11-01"
## [636] "2000-12-01" "2001-01-01" "2001-02-01" "2001-03-01" "2001-04-01"
## [641] "2001-05-01" "2001-06-01" "2001-07-01" "2001-08-01" "2001-09-01"
## [646] "2001-10-01" "2001-11-01" "2001-12-01" "2002-01-01" "2002-02-01"
## [651] "2002-03-01" "2002-04-01" "2002-05-01" "2002-06-01" "2002-07-01"
## [656] "2002-08-01" "2002-09-01" "2002-10-01" "2002-11-01" "2002-12-01"
## [661] "2003-01-01" "2003-02-01" "2003-03-01" "2003-04-01" "2003-05-01"
## [666] "2003-06-01" "2003-07-01" "2003-08-01" "2003-09-01" "2003-10-01"
## [671] "2003-11-01" "2003-12-01" "2004-01-01" "2004-02-01" "2004-03-01"
## [676] "2004-04-01" "2004-05-01" "2004-06-01" "2004-07-01" "2004-08-01"
## [681] "2004-09-01" "2004-10-01" "2004-11-01" "2004-12-01" "2005-01-01"
## [686] "2005-02-01" "2005-03-01" "2005-04-01" "2005-05-01" "2005-06-01"
## [691] "2005-07-01" "2005-08-01" "2005-09-01" "2005-10-01" "2005-11-01"
## [696] "2005-12-01" "2006-01-01" "2006-02-01" "2006-03-01" "2006-04-01"
## [701] "2006-05-01" "2006-06-01" "2006-07-01" "2006-08-01" "2006-09-01"
## [706] "2006-10-01" "2006-11-01" "2006-12-01" "2007-01-01" "2007-02-01"
## [711] "2007-03-01" "2007-04-01" "2007-05-01" "2007-06-01" "2007-07-01"
## [716] "2007-08-01" "2007-09-01" "2007-10-01" "2007-11-01" "2007-12-01"
## [721] "2008-01-01" "2008-02-01" "2008-03-01" "2008-04-01" "2008-05-01"
## [726] "2008-06-01" "2008-07-01" "2008-08-01" "2008-09-01" "2008-10-01"
## [731] "2008-11-01" "2008-12-01" "2009-01-01" "2009-02-01" "2009-03-01"
## [736] "2009-04-01" "2009-05-01" "2009-06-01" "2009-07-01" "2009-08-01"
## [741] "2009-09-01" "2009-10-01" "2009-11-01" "2009-12-01" "2010-01-01"
## [746] "2010-02-01" "2010-03-01" "2010-04-01" "2010-05-01" "2010-06-01"
## [751] "2010-07-01" "2010-08-01" "2010-09-01" "2010-10-01" "2010-11-01"
## [756] "2010-12-01" "2011-01-01" "2011-02-01" "2011-03-01" "2011-04-01"
## [761] "2011-05-01" "2011-06-01" "2011-07-01" "2011-08-01" "2011-09-01"
## [766] "2011-10-01" "2011-11-01" "2011-12-01" "2012-01-01" "2012-02-01"
## [771] "2012-03-01" "2012-04-01" "2012-05-01" "2012-06-01" "2012-07-01"
## [776] "2012-08-01" "2012-09-01" "2012-10-01" "2012-11-01" "2012-12-01"
## [781] "2013-01-01" "2013-02-01" "2013-03-01" "2013-04-01" "2013-05-01"
## [786] "2013-06-01" "2013-07-01" "2013-08-01" "2013-09-01" "2013-10-01"
## [791] "2013-11-01" "2013-12-01" "2014-01-01" "2014-02-01" "2014-03-01"
## [796] "2014-04-01" "2014-05-01" "2014-06-01" "2014-07-01" "2014-08-01"
## [801] "2014-09-01" "2014-10-01" "2014-11-01" "2014-12-01" "2015-01-01"
## [806] "2015-02-01" "2015-03-01" "2015-04-01" "2015-05-01" "2015-06-01"
## [811] "2015-07-01" "2015-08-01" "2015-09-01" "2015-10-01" "2015-11-01"
## [816] "2015-12-01" "2016-01-01" "2016-02-01" "2016-03-01"
temp_ts <- cellStats(air_temp, mean)
temp_df <- data.frame(date = seq.Date(as.Date("1948-01-01"), 
                                      as.Date("2016-03-01"), 
                                      by = "month"),
                      temp = temp_ts
)


library(ggplot2)

ggplot(temp_df, aes(x = date, y = temp)) +
  geom_line() +
  theme_minimal()