We will use tidyverse package to work with data.
head (iris)## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
## 1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 6 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosalibrary(tidyverse)## ── Attaching packages ─────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse 1.3.1 ──## ✔ ggplot2 3.3.5 ✔ purrr 0.3.4
## ✔ tibble 3.1.6 ✔ dplyr 1.0.8
## ✔ tidyr 1.2.0 ✔ stringr 1.4.0
## ✔ readr 2.1.2 ✔ forcats 0.5.1## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()setosa <- filter(iris, Species == 'setosa')
setosa## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
## 1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 6 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosa
## 7 4.6 3.4 1.4 0.3 setosa
## 8 5.0 3.4 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 9 4.4 2.9 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 10 4.9 3.1 1.5 0.1 setosa
## 11 5.4 3.7 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 12 4.8 3.4 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 13 4.8 3.0 1.4 0.1 setosa
## 14 4.3 3.0 1.1 0.1 setosa
## 15 5.8 4.0 1.2 0.2 setosa
## 16 5.7 4.4 1.5 0.4 setosa
## 17 5.4 3.9 1.3 0.4 setosa
## 18 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.3 setosa
## 19 5.7 3.8 1.7 0.3 setosa
## 20 5.1 3.8 1.5 0.3 setosa
## 21 5.4 3.4 1.7 0.2 setosa
## 22 5.1 3.7 1.5 0.4 setosa
## 23 4.6 3.6 1.0 0.2 setosa
## 24 5.1 3.3 1.7 0.5 setosa
## 25 4.8 3.4 1.9 0.2 setosa
## 26 5.0 3.0 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 27 5.0 3.4 1.6 0.4 setosa
## 28 5.2 3.5 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 29 5.2 3.4 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 30 4.7 3.2 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 31 4.8 3.1 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 32 5.4 3.4 1.5 0.4 setosa
## 33 5.2 4.1 1.5 0.1 setosa
## 34 5.5 4.2 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 35 4.9 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 36 5.0 3.2 1.2 0.2 setosa
## 37 5.5 3.5 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 38 4.9 3.6 1.4 0.1 setosa
## 39 4.4 3.0 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 40 5.1 3.4 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 41 5.0 3.5 1.3 0.3 setosa
## 42 4.5 2.3 1.3 0.3 setosa
## 43 4.4 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 44 5.0 3.5 1.6 0.6 setosa
## 45 5.1 3.8 1.9 0.4 setosa
## 46 4.8 3.0 1.4 0.3 setosa
## 47 5.1 3.8 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 48 4.6 3.2 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 49 5.3 3.7 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 50 5.0 3.3 1.4 0.2 setosaselect(iris, Sepal.Length, Species)## Sepal.Length Species
## 1 5.1 setosa
## 2 4.9 setosa
## 3 4.7 setosa
## 4 4.6 setosa
## 5 5.0 setosa
## 6 5.4 setosa
## 7 4.6 setosa
## 8 5.0 setosa
## 9 4.4 setosa
## 10 4.9 setosa
## 11 5.4 setosa
## 12 4.8 setosa
## 13 4.8 setosa
## 14 4.3 setosa
## 15 5.8 setosa
## 16 5.7 setosa
## 17 5.4 setosa
## 18 5.1 setosa
## 19 5.7 setosa
## 20 5.1 setosa
## 21 5.4 setosa
## 22 5.1 setosa
## 23 4.6 setosa
## 24 5.1 setosa
## 25 4.8 setosa
## 26 5.0 setosa
## 27 5.0 setosa
## 28 5.2 setosa
## 29 5.2 setosa
## 30 4.7 setosa
## 31 4.8 setosa
## 32 5.4 setosa
## 33 5.2 setosa
## 34 5.5 setosa
## 35 4.9 setosa
## 36 5.0 setosa
## 37 5.5 setosa
## 38 4.9 setosa
## 39 4.4 setosa
## 40 5.1 setosa
## 41 5.0 setosa
## 42 4.5 setosa
## 43 4.4 setosa
## 44 5.0 setosa
## 45 5.1 setosa
## 46 4.8 setosa
## 47 5.1 setosa
## 48 4.6 setosa
## 49 5.3 setosa
## 50 5.0 setosa
## 51 7.0 versicolor
## 52 6.4 versicolor
## 53 6.9 versicolor
## 54 5.5 versicolor
## 55 6.5 versicolor
## 56 5.7 versicolor
## 57 6.3 versicolor
## 58 4.9 versicolor
## 59 6.6 versicolor
## 60 5.2 versicolor
## 61 5.0 versicolor
## 62 5.9 versicolor
## 63 6.0 versicolor
## 64 6.1 versicolor
## 65 5.6 versicolor
## 66 6.7 versicolor
## 67 5.6 versicolor
## 68 5.8 versicolor
## 69 6.2 versicolor
## 70 5.6 versicolor
## 71 5.9 versicolor
## 72 6.1 versicolor
## 73 6.3 versicolor
## 74 6.1 versicolor
## 75 6.4 versicolor
## 76 6.6 versicolor
## 77 6.8 versicolor
## 78 6.7 versicolor
## 79 6.0 versicolor
## 80 5.7 versicolor
## 81 5.5 versicolor
## 82 5.5 versicolor
## 83 5.8 versicolor
## 84 6.0 versicolor
## 85 5.4 versicolor
## 86 6.0 versicolor
## 87 6.7 versicolor
## 88 6.3 versicolor
## 89 5.6 versicolor
## 90 5.5 versicolor
## 91 5.5 versicolor
## 92 6.1 versicolor
## 93 5.8 versicolor
## 94 5.0 versicolor
## 95 5.6 versicolor
## 96 5.7 versicolor
## 97 5.7 versicolor
## 98 6.2 versicolor
## 99 5.1 versicolor
## 100 5.7 versicolor
## 101 6.3 virginica
## 102 5.8 virginica
## 103 7.1 virginica
## 104 6.3 virginica
## 105 6.5 virginica
## 106 7.6 virginica
## 107 4.9 virginica
## 108 7.3 virginica
## 109 6.7 virginica
## 110 7.2 virginica
## 111 6.5 virginica
## 112 6.4 virginica
## 113 6.8 virginica
## 114 5.7 virginica
## 115 5.8 virginica
## 116 6.4 virginica
## 117 6.5 virginica
## 118 7.7 virginica
## 119 7.7 virginica
## 120 6.0 virginica
## 121 6.9 virginica
## 122 5.6 virginica
## 123 7.7 virginica
## 124 6.3 virginica
## 125 6.7 virginica
## 126 7.2 virginica
## 127 6.2 virginica
## 128 6.1 virginica
## 129 6.4 virginica
## 130 7.2 virginica
## 131 7.4 virginica
## 132 7.9 virginica
## 133 6.4 virginica
## 134 6.3 virginica
## 135 6.1 virginica
## 136 7.7 virginica
## 137 6.3 virginica
## 138 6.4 virginica
## 139 6.0 virginica
## 140 6.9 virginica
## 141 6.7 virginica
## 142 6.9 virginica
## 143 5.8 virginica
## 144 6.8 virginica
## 145 6.7 virginica
## 146 6.7 virginica
## 147 6.3 virginica
## 148 6.5 virginica
## 149 6.2 virginica
## 150 5.9 virginicaselect(iris, -Sepal.Length, -Species)## Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width
## 1 3.5 1.4 0.2
## 2 3.0 1.4 0.2
## 3 3.2 1.3 0.2
## 4 3.1 1.5 0.2
## 5 3.6 1.4 0.2
## 6 3.9 1.7 0.4
## 7 3.4 1.4 0.3
## 8 3.4 1.5 0.2
## 9 2.9 1.4 0.2
## 10 3.1 1.5 0.1
## 11 3.7 1.5 0.2
## 12 3.4 1.6 0.2
## 13 3.0 1.4 0.1
## 14 3.0 1.1 0.1
## 15 4.0 1.2 0.2
## 16 4.4 1.5 0.4
## 17 3.9 1.3 0.4
## 18 3.5 1.4 0.3
## 19 3.8 1.7 0.3
## 20 3.8 1.5 0.3
## 21 3.4 1.7 0.2
## 22 3.7 1.5 0.4
## 23 3.6 1.0 0.2
## 24 3.3 1.7 0.5
## 25 3.4 1.9 0.2
## 26 3.0 1.6 0.2
## 27 3.4 1.6 0.4
## 28 3.5 1.5 0.2
## 29 3.4 1.4 0.2
## 30 3.2 1.6 0.2
## 31 3.1 1.6 0.2
## 32 3.4 1.5 0.4
## 33 4.1 1.5 0.1
## 34 4.2 1.4 0.2
## 35 3.1 1.5 0.2
## 36 3.2 1.2 0.2
## 37 3.5 1.3 0.2
## 38 3.6 1.4 0.1
## 39 3.0 1.3 0.2
## 40 3.4 1.5 0.2
## 41 3.5 1.3 0.3
## 42 2.3 1.3 0.3
## 43 3.2 1.3 0.2
## 44 3.5 1.6 0.6
## 45 3.8 1.9 0.4
## 46 3.0 1.4 0.3
## 47 3.8 1.6 0.2
## 48 3.2 1.4 0.2
## 49 3.7 1.5 0.2
## 50 3.3 1.4 0.2
## 51 3.2 4.7 1.4
## 52 3.2 4.5 1.5
## 53 3.1 4.9 1.5
## 54 2.3 4.0 1.3
## 55 2.8 4.6 1.5
## 56 2.8 4.5 1.3
## 57 3.3 4.7 1.6
## 58 2.4 3.3 1.0
## 59 2.9 4.6 1.3
## 60 2.7 3.9 1.4
## 61 2.0 3.5 1.0
## 62 3.0 4.2 1.5
## 63 2.2 4.0 1.0
## 64 2.9 4.7 1.4
## 65 2.9 3.6 1.3
## 66 3.1 4.4 1.4
## 67 3.0 4.5 1.5
## 68 2.7 4.1 1.0
## 69 2.2 4.5 1.5
## 70 2.5 3.9 1.1
## 71 3.2 4.8 1.8
## 72 2.8 4.0 1.3
## 73 2.5 4.9 1.5
## 74 2.8 4.7 1.2
## 75 2.9 4.3 1.3
## 76 3.0 4.4 1.4
## 77 2.8 4.8 1.4
## 78 3.0 5.0 1.7
## 79 2.9 4.5 1.5
## 80 2.6 3.5 1.0
## 81 2.4 3.8 1.1
## 82 2.4 3.7 1.0
## 83 2.7 3.9 1.2
## 84 2.7 5.1 1.6
## 85 3.0 4.5 1.5
## 86 3.4 4.5 1.6
## 87 3.1 4.7 1.5
## 88 2.3 4.4 1.3
## 89 3.0 4.1 1.3
## 90 2.5 4.0 1.3
## 91 2.6 4.4 1.2
## 92 3.0 4.6 1.4
## 93 2.6 4.0 1.2
## 94 2.3 3.3 1.0
## 95 2.7 4.2 1.3
## 96 3.0 4.2 1.2
## 97 2.9 4.2 1.3
## 98 2.9 4.3 1.3
## 99 2.5 3.0 1.1
## 100 2.8 4.1 1.3
## 101 3.3 6.0 2.5
## 102 2.7 5.1 1.9
## 103 3.0 5.9 2.1
## 104 2.9 5.6 1.8
## 105 3.0 5.8 2.2
## 106 3.0 6.6 2.1
## 107 2.5 4.5 1.7
## 108 2.9 6.3 1.8
## 109 2.5 5.8 1.8
## 110 3.6 6.1 2.5
## 111 3.2 5.1 2.0
## 112 2.7 5.3 1.9
## 113 3.0 5.5 2.1
## 114 2.5 5.0 2.0
## 115 2.8 5.1 2.4
## 116 3.2 5.3 2.3
## 117 3.0 5.5 1.8
## 118 3.8 6.7 2.2
## 119 2.6 6.9 2.3
## 120 2.2 5.0 1.5
## 121 3.2 5.7 2.3
## 122 2.8 4.9 2.0
## 123 2.8 6.7 2.0
## 124 2.7 4.9 1.8
## 125 3.3 5.7 2.1
## 126 3.2 6.0 1.8
## 127 2.8 4.8 1.8
## 128 3.0 4.9 1.8
## 129 2.8 5.6 2.1
## 130 3.0 5.8 1.6
## 131 2.8 6.1 1.9
## 132 3.8 6.4 2.0
## 133 2.8 5.6 2.2
## 134 2.8 5.1 1.5
## 135 2.6 5.6 1.4
## 136 3.0 6.1 2.3
## 137 3.4 5.6 2.4
## 138 3.1 5.5 1.8
## 139 3.0 4.8 1.8
## 140 3.1 5.4 2.1
## 141 3.1 5.6 2.4
## 142 3.1 5.1 2.3
## 143 2.7 5.1 1.9
## 144 3.2 5.9 2.3
## 145 3.3 5.7 2.5
## 146 3.0 5.2 2.3
## 147 2.5 5.0 1.9
## 148 3.0 5.2 2.0
## 149 3.4 5.4 2.3
## 150 3.0 5.1 1.8rename(iris, Sepal_Width= Sepal.Width, Sepal_Length= Sepal.Length )## Sepal_Length Sepal_Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
## 1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 6 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosa
## 7 4.6 3.4 1.4 0.3 setosa
## 8 5.0 3.4 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 9 4.4 2.9 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 10 4.9 3.1 1.5 0.1 setosa
## 11 5.4 3.7 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 12 4.8 3.4 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 13 4.8 3.0 1.4 0.1 setosa
## 14 4.3 3.0 1.1 0.1 setosa
## 15 5.8 4.0 1.2 0.2 setosa
## 16 5.7 4.4 1.5 0.4 setosa
## 17 5.4 3.9 1.3 0.4 setosa
## 18 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.3 setosa
## 19 5.7 3.8 1.7 0.3 setosa
## 20 5.1 3.8 1.5 0.3 setosa
## 21 5.4 3.4 1.7 0.2 setosa
## 22 5.1 3.7 1.5 0.4 setosa
## 23 4.6 3.6 1.0 0.2 setosa
## 24 5.1 3.3 1.7 0.5 setosa
## 25 4.8 3.4 1.9 0.2 setosa
## 26 5.0 3.0 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 27 5.0 3.4 1.6 0.4 setosa
## 28 5.2 3.5 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 29 5.2 3.4 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 30 4.7 3.2 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 31 4.8 3.1 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 32 5.4 3.4 1.5 0.4 setosa
## 33 5.2 4.1 1.5 0.1 setosa
## 34 5.5 4.2 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 35 4.9 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 36 5.0 3.2 1.2 0.2 setosa
## 37 5.5 3.5 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 38 4.9 3.6 1.4 0.1 setosa
## 39 4.4 3.0 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 40 5.1 3.4 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 41 5.0 3.5 1.3 0.3 setosa
## 42 4.5 2.3 1.3 0.3 setosa
## 43 4.4 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 44 5.0 3.5 1.6 0.6 setosa
## 45 5.1 3.8 1.9 0.4 setosa
## 46 4.8 3.0 1.4 0.3 setosa
## 47 5.1 3.8 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 48 4.6 3.2 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 49 5.3 3.7 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 50 5.0 3.3 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 51 7.0 3.2 4.7 1.4 versicolor
## 52 6.4 3.2 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 53 6.9 3.1 4.9 1.5 versicolor
## 54 5.5 2.3 4.0 1.3 versicolor
## 55 6.5 2.8 4.6 1.5 versicolor
## 56 5.7 2.8 4.5 1.3 versicolor
## 57 6.3 3.3 4.7 1.6 versicolor
## 58 4.9 2.4 3.3 1.0 versicolor
## 59 6.6 2.9 4.6 1.3 versicolor
## 60 5.2 2.7 3.9 1.4 versicolor
## 61 5.0 2.0 3.5 1.0 versicolor
## 62 5.9 3.0 4.2 1.5 versicolor
## 63 6.0 2.2 4.0 1.0 versicolor
## 64 6.1 2.9 4.7 1.4 versicolor
## 65 5.6 2.9 3.6 1.3 versicolor
## 66 6.7 3.1 4.4 1.4 versicolor
## 67 5.6 3.0 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 68 5.8 2.7 4.1 1.0 versicolor
## 69 6.2 2.2 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 70 5.6 2.5 3.9 1.1 versicolor
## 71 5.9 3.2 4.8 1.8 versicolor
## 72 6.1 2.8 4.0 1.3 versicolor
## 73 6.3 2.5 4.9 1.5 versicolor
## 74 6.1 2.8 4.7 1.2 versicolor
## 75 6.4 2.9 4.3 1.3 versicolor
## 76 6.6 3.0 4.4 1.4 versicolor
## 77 6.8 2.8 4.8 1.4 versicolor
## 78 6.7 3.0 5.0 1.7 versicolor
## 79 6.0 2.9 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 80 5.7 2.6 3.5 1.0 versicolor
## 81 5.5 2.4 3.8 1.1 versicolor
## 82 5.5 2.4 3.7 1.0 versicolor
## 83 5.8 2.7 3.9 1.2 versicolor
## 84 6.0 2.7 5.1 1.6 versicolor
## 85 5.4 3.0 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 86 6.0 3.4 4.5 1.6 versicolor
## 87 6.7 3.1 4.7 1.5 versicolor
## 88 6.3 2.3 4.4 1.3 versicolor
## 89 5.6 3.0 4.1 1.3 versicolor
## 90 5.5 2.5 4.0 1.3 versicolor
## 91 5.5 2.6 4.4 1.2 versicolor
## 92 6.1 3.0 4.6 1.4 versicolor
## 93 5.8 2.6 4.0 1.2 versicolor
## 94 5.0 2.3 3.3 1.0 versicolor
## 95 5.6 2.7 4.2 1.3 versicolor
## 96 5.7 3.0 4.2 1.2 versicolor
## 97 5.7 2.9 4.2 1.3 versicolor
## 98 6.2 2.9 4.3 1.3 versicolor
## 99 5.1 2.5 3.0 1.1 versicolor
## 100 5.7 2.8 4.1 1.3 versicolor
## 101 6.3 3.3 6.0 2.5 virginica
## 102 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica
## 103 7.1 3.0 5.9 2.1 virginica
## 104 6.3 2.9 5.6 1.8 virginica
## 105 6.5 3.0 5.8 2.2 virginica
## 106 7.6 3.0 6.6 2.1 virginica
## 107 4.9 2.5 4.5 1.7 virginica
## 108 7.3 2.9 6.3 1.8 virginica
## 109 6.7 2.5 5.8 1.8 virginica
## 110 7.2 3.6 6.1 2.5 virginica
## 111 6.5 3.2 5.1 2.0 virginica
## 112 6.4 2.7 5.3 1.9 virginica
## 113 6.8 3.0 5.5 2.1 virginica
## 114 5.7 2.5 5.0 2.0 virginica
## 115 5.8 2.8 5.1 2.4 virginica
## 116 6.4 3.2 5.3 2.3 virginica
## 117 6.5 3.0 5.5 1.8 virginica
## 118 7.7 3.8 6.7 2.2 virginica
## 119 7.7 2.6 6.9 2.3 virginica
## 120 6.0 2.2 5.0 1.5 virginica
## 121 6.9 3.2 5.7 2.3 virginica
## 122 5.6 2.8 4.9 2.0 virginica
## 123 7.7 2.8 6.7 2.0 virginica
## 124 6.3 2.7 4.9 1.8 virginica
## 125 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.1 virginica
## 126 7.2 3.2 6.0 1.8 virginica
## 127 6.2 2.8 4.8 1.8 virginica
## 128 6.1 3.0 4.9 1.8 virginica
## 129 6.4 2.8 5.6 2.1 virginica
## 130 7.2 3.0 5.8 1.6 virginica
## 131 7.4 2.8 6.1 1.9 virginica
## 132 7.9 3.8 6.4 2.0 virginica
## 133 6.4 2.8 5.6 2.2 virginica
## 134 6.3 2.8 5.1 1.5 virginica
## 135 6.1 2.6 5.6 1.4 virginica
## 136 7.7 3.0 6.1 2.3 virginica
## 137 6.3 3.4 5.6 2.4 virginica
## 138 6.4 3.1 5.5 1.8 virginica
## 139 6.0 3.0 4.8 1.8 virginica
## 140 6.9 3.1 5.4 2.1 virginica
## 141 6.7 3.1 5.6 2.4 virginica
## 142 6.9 3.1 5.1 2.3 virginica
## 143 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica
## 144 6.8 3.2 5.9 2.3 virginica
## 145 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.5 virginica
## 146 6.7 3.0 5.2 2.3 virginica
## 147 6.3 2.5 5.0 1.9 virginica
## 148 6.5 3.0 5.2 2.0 virginica
## 149 6.2 3.4 5.4 2.3 virginica
## 150 5.9 3.0 5.1 1.8 virginicaarrange(iris, Petal.Length, -Petal.Width)## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
## 1 4.6 3.6 1.0 0.2 setosa
## 2 4.3 3.0 1.1 0.1 setosa
## 3 5.8 4.0 1.2 0.2 setosa
## 4 5.0 3.2 1.2 0.2 setosa
## 5 5.4 3.9 1.3 0.4 setosa
## 6 5.0 3.5 1.3 0.3 setosa
## 7 4.5 2.3 1.3 0.3 setosa
## 8 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 9 5.5 3.5 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 10 4.4 3.0 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 11 4.4 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 12 4.6 3.4 1.4 0.3 setosa
## 13 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.3 setosa
## 14 4.8 3.0 1.4 0.3 setosa
## 15 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 16 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 17 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 18 4.4 2.9 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 19 5.2 3.4 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 20 5.5 4.2 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 21 4.6 3.2 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 22 5.0 3.3 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 23 4.8 3.0 1.4 0.1 setosa
## 24 4.9 3.6 1.4 0.1 setosa
## 25 5.7 4.4 1.5 0.4 setosa
## 26 5.1 3.7 1.5 0.4 setosa
## 27 5.4 3.4 1.5 0.4 setosa
## 28 5.1 3.8 1.5 0.3 setosa
## 29 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 30 5.0 3.4 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 31 5.4 3.7 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 32 5.2 3.5 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 33 4.9 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 34 5.1 3.4 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 35 5.3 3.7 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 36 4.9 3.1 1.5 0.1 setosa
## 37 5.2 4.1 1.5 0.1 setosa
## 38 5.0 3.5 1.6 0.6 setosa
## 39 5.0 3.4 1.6 0.4 setosa
## 40 4.8 3.4 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 41 5.0 3.0 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 42 4.7 3.2 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 43 4.8 3.1 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 44 5.1 3.8 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 45 5.1 3.3 1.7 0.5 setosa
## 46 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosa
## 47 5.7 3.8 1.7 0.3 setosa
## 48 5.4 3.4 1.7 0.2 setosa
## 49 5.1 3.8 1.9 0.4 setosa
## 50 4.8 3.4 1.9 0.2 setosa
## 51 5.1 2.5 3.0 1.1 versicolor
## 52 4.9 2.4 3.3 1.0 versicolor
## 53 5.0 2.3 3.3 1.0 versicolor
## 54 5.0 2.0 3.5 1.0 versicolor
## 55 5.7 2.6 3.5 1.0 versicolor
## 56 5.6 2.9 3.6 1.3 versicolor
## 57 5.5 2.4 3.7 1.0 versicolor
## 58 5.5 2.4 3.8 1.1 versicolor
## 59 5.2 2.7 3.9 1.4 versicolor
## 60 5.8 2.7 3.9 1.2 versicolor
## 61 5.6 2.5 3.9 1.1 versicolor
## 62 5.5 2.3 4.0 1.3 versicolor
## 63 6.1 2.8 4.0 1.3 versicolor
## 64 5.5 2.5 4.0 1.3 versicolor
## 65 5.8 2.6 4.0 1.2 versicolor
## 66 6.0 2.2 4.0 1.0 versicolor
## 67 5.6 3.0 4.1 1.3 versicolor
## 68 5.7 2.8 4.1 1.3 versicolor
## 69 5.8 2.7 4.1 1.0 versicolor
## 70 5.9 3.0 4.2 1.5 versicolor
## 71 5.6 2.7 4.2 1.3 versicolor
## 72 5.7 2.9 4.2 1.3 versicolor
## 73 5.7 3.0 4.2 1.2 versicolor
## 74 6.4 2.9 4.3 1.3 versicolor
## 75 6.2 2.9 4.3 1.3 versicolor
## 76 6.7 3.1 4.4 1.4 versicolor
## 77 6.6 3.0 4.4 1.4 versicolor
## 78 6.3 2.3 4.4 1.3 versicolor
## 79 5.5 2.6 4.4 1.2 versicolor
## 80 4.9 2.5 4.5 1.7 virginica
## 81 6.0 3.4 4.5 1.6 versicolor
## 82 6.4 3.2 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 83 5.6 3.0 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 84 6.2 2.2 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 85 6.0 2.9 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 86 5.4 3.0 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 87 5.7 2.8 4.5 1.3 versicolor
## 88 6.5 2.8 4.6 1.5 versicolor
## 89 6.1 3.0 4.6 1.4 versicolor
## 90 6.6 2.9 4.6 1.3 versicolor
## 91 6.3 3.3 4.7 1.6 versicolor
## 92 6.7 3.1 4.7 1.5 versicolor
## 93 7.0 3.2 4.7 1.4 versicolor
## 94 6.1 2.9 4.7 1.4 versicolor
## 95 6.1 2.8 4.7 1.2 versicolor
## 96 5.9 3.2 4.8 1.8 versicolor
## 97 6.2 2.8 4.8 1.8 virginica
## 98 6.0 3.0 4.8 1.8 virginica
## 99 6.8 2.8 4.8 1.4 versicolor
## 100 5.6 2.8 4.9 2.0 virginica
## 101 6.3 2.7 4.9 1.8 virginica
## 102 6.1 3.0 4.9 1.8 virginica
## 103 6.9 3.1 4.9 1.5 versicolor
## 104 6.3 2.5 4.9 1.5 versicolor
## 105 5.7 2.5 5.0 2.0 virginica
## 106 6.3 2.5 5.0 1.9 virginica
## 107 6.7 3.0 5.0 1.7 versicolor
## 108 6.0 2.2 5.0 1.5 virginica
## 109 5.8 2.8 5.1 2.4 virginica
## 110 6.9 3.1 5.1 2.3 virginica
## 111 6.5 3.2 5.1 2.0 virginica
## 112 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica
## 113 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica
## 114 5.9 3.0 5.1 1.8 virginica
## 115 6.0 2.7 5.1 1.6 versicolor
## 116 6.3 2.8 5.1 1.5 virginica
## 117 6.7 3.0 5.2 2.3 virginica
## 118 6.5 3.0 5.2 2.0 virginica
## 119 6.4 3.2 5.3 2.3 virginica
## 120 6.4 2.7 5.3 1.9 virginica
## 121 6.2 3.4 5.4 2.3 virginica
## 122 6.9 3.1 5.4 2.1 virginica
## 123 6.8 3.0 5.5 2.1 virginica
## 124 6.5 3.0 5.5 1.8 virginica
## 125 6.4 3.1 5.5 1.8 virginica
## 126 6.3 3.4 5.6 2.4 virginica
## 127 6.7 3.1 5.6 2.4 virginica
## 128 6.4 2.8 5.6 2.2 virginica
## 129 6.4 2.8 5.6 2.1 virginica
## 130 6.3 2.9 5.6 1.8 virginica
## 131 6.1 2.6 5.6 1.4 virginica
## 132 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.5 virginica
## 133 6.9 3.2 5.7 2.3 virginica
## 134 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.1 virginica
## 135 6.5 3.0 5.8 2.2 virginica
## 136 6.7 2.5 5.8 1.8 virginica
## 137 7.2 3.0 5.8 1.6 virginica
## 138 6.8 3.2 5.9 2.3 virginica
## 139 7.1 3.0 5.9 2.1 virginica
## 140 6.3 3.3 6.0 2.5 virginica
## 141 7.2 3.2 6.0 1.8 virginica
## 142 7.2 3.6 6.1 2.5 virginica
## 143 7.7 3.0 6.1 2.3 virginica
## 144 7.4 2.8 6.1 1.9 virginica
## 145 7.3 2.9 6.3 1.8 virginica
## 146 7.9 3.8 6.4 2.0 virginica
## 147 7.6 3.0 6.6 2.1 virginica
## 148 7.7 3.8 6.7 2.2 virginica
## 149 7.7 2.8 6.7 2.0 virginica
## 150 7.7 2.6 6.9 2.3 virginicamutate(iris, newvar= Sepal.Width*10, Petal.Length=Petal.Length/100 )## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species newvar
## 1 5.1 3.5 0.014 0.2 setosa 35
## 2 4.9 3.0 0.014 0.2 setosa 30
## 3 4.7 3.2 0.013 0.2 setosa 32
## 4 4.6 3.1 0.015 0.2 setosa 31
## 5 5.0 3.6 0.014 0.2 setosa 36
## 6 5.4 3.9 0.017 0.4 setosa 39
## 7 4.6 3.4 0.014 0.3 setosa 34
## 8 5.0 3.4 0.015 0.2 setosa 34
## 9 4.4 2.9 0.014 0.2 setosa 29
## 10 4.9 3.1 0.015 0.1 setosa 31
## 11 5.4 3.7 0.015 0.2 setosa 37
## 12 4.8 3.4 0.016 0.2 setosa 34
## 13 4.8 3.0 0.014 0.1 setosa 30
## 14 4.3 3.0 0.011 0.1 setosa 30
## 15 5.8 4.0 0.012 0.2 setosa 40
## 16 5.7 4.4 0.015 0.4 setosa 44
## 17 5.4 3.9 0.013 0.4 setosa 39
## 18 5.1 3.5 0.014 0.3 setosa 35
## 19 5.7 3.8 0.017 0.3 setosa 38
## 20 5.1 3.8 0.015 0.3 setosa 38
## 21 5.4 3.4 0.017 0.2 setosa 34
## 22 5.1 3.7 0.015 0.4 setosa 37
## 23 4.6 3.6 0.010 0.2 setosa 36
## 24 5.1 3.3 0.017 0.5 setosa 33
## 25 4.8 3.4 0.019 0.2 setosa 34
## 26 5.0 3.0 0.016 0.2 setosa 30
## 27 5.0 3.4 0.016 0.4 setosa 34
## 28 5.2 3.5 0.015 0.2 setosa 35
## 29 5.2 3.4 0.014 0.2 setosa 34
## 30 4.7 3.2 0.016 0.2 setosa 32
## 31 4.8 3.1 0.016 0.2 setosa 31
## 32 5.4 3.4 0.015 0.4 setosa 34
## 33 5.2 4.1 0.015 0.1 setosa 41
## 34 5.5 4.2 0.014 0.2 setosa 42
## 35 4.9 3.1 0.015 0.2 setosa 31
## 36 5.0 3.2 0.012 0.2 setosa 32
## 37 5.5 3.5 0.013 0.2 setosa 35
## 38 4.9 3.6 0.014 0.1 setosa 36
## 39 4.4 3.0 0.013 0.2 setosa 30
## 40 5.1 3.4 0.015 0.2 setosa 34
## 41 5.0 3.5 0.013 0.3 setosa 35
## 42 4.5 2.3 0.013 0.3 setosa 23
## 43 4.4 3.2 0.013 0.2 setosa 32
## 44 5.0 3.5 0.016 0.6 setosa 35
## 45 5.1 3.8 0.019 0.4 setosa 38
## 46 4.8 3.0 0.014 0.3 setosa 30
## 47 5.1 3.8 0.016 0.2 setosa 38
## 48 4.6 3.2 0.014 0.2 setosa 32
## 49 5.3 3.7 0.015 0.2 setosa 37
## 50 5.0 3.3 0.014 0.2 setosa 33
## 51 7.0 3.2 0.047 1.4 versicolor 32
## 52 6.4 3.2 0.045 1.5 versicolor 32
## 53 6.9 3.1 0.049 1.5 versicolor 31
## 54 5.5 2.3 0.040 1.3 versicolor 23
## 55 6.5 2.8 0.046 1.5 versicolor 28
## 56 5.7 2.8 0.045 1.3 versicolor 28
## 57 6.3 3.3 0.047 1.6 versicolor 33
## 58 4.9 2.4 0.033 1.0 versicolor 24
## 59 6.6 2.9 0.046 1.3 versicolor 29
## 60 5.2 2.7 0.039 1.4 versicolor 27
## 61 5.0 2.0 0.035 1.0 versicolor 20
## 62 5.9 3.0 0.042 1.5 versicolor 30
## 63 6.0 2.2 0.040 1.0 versicolor 22
## 64 6.1 2.9 0.047 1.4 versicolor 29
## 65 5.6 2.9 0.036 1.3 versicolor 29
## 66 6.7 3.1 0.044 1.4 versicolor 31
## 67 5.6 3.0 0.045 1.5 versicolor 30
## 68 5.8 2.7 0.041 1.0 versicolor 27
## 69 6.2 2.2 0.045 1.5 versicolor 22
## 70 5.6 2.5 0.039 1.1 versicolor 25
## 71 5.9 3.2 0.048 1.8 versicolor 32
## 72 6.1 2.8 0.040 1.3 versicolor 28
## 73 6.3 2.5 0.049 1.5 versicolor 25
## 74 6.1 2.8 0.047 1.2 versicolor 28
## 75 6.4 2.9 0.043 1.3 versicolor 29
## 76 6.6 3.0 0.044 1.4 versicolor 30
## 77 6.8 2.8 0.048 1.4 versicolor 28
## 78 6.7 3.0 0.050 1.7 versicolor 30
## 79 6.0 2.9 0.045 1.5 versicolor 29
## 80 5.7 2.6 0.035 1.0 versicolor 26
## 81 5.5 2.4 0.038 1.1 versicolor 24
## 82 5.5 2.4 0.037 1.0 versicolor 24
## 83 5.8 2.7 0.039 1.2 versicolor 27
## 84 6.0 2.7 0.051 1.6 versicolor 27
## 85 5.4 3.0 0.045 1.5 versicolor 30
## 86 6.0 3.4 0.045 1.6 versicolor 34
## 87 6.7 3.1 0.047 1.5 versicolor 31
## 88 6.3 2.3 0.044 1.3 versicolor 23
## 89 5.6 3.0 0.041 1.3 versicolor 30
## 90 5.5 2.5 0.040 1.3 versicolor 25
## 91 5.5 2.6 0.044 1.2 versicolor 26
## 92 6.1 3.0 0.046 1.4 versicolor 30
## 93 5.8 2.6 0.040 1.2 versicolor 26
## 94 5.0 2.3 0.033 1.0 versicolor 23
## 95 5.6 2.7 0.042 1.3 versicolor 27
## 96 5.7 3.0 0.042 1.2 versicolor 30
## 97 5.7 2.9 0.042 1.3 versicolor 29
## 98 6.2 2.9 0.043 1.3 versicolor 29
## 99 5.1 2.5 0.030 1.1 versicolor 25
## 100 5.7 2.8 0.041 1.3 versicolor 28
## 101 6.3 3.3 0.060 2.5 virginica 33
## 102 5.8 2.7 0.051 1.9 virginica 27
## 103 7.1 3.0 0.059 2.1 virginica 30
## 104 6.3 2.9 0.056 1.8 virginica 29
## 105 6.5 3.0 0.058 2.2 virginica 30
## 106 7.6 3.0 0.066 2.1 virginica 30
## 107 4.9 2.5 0.045 1.7 virginica 25
## 108 7.3 2.9 0.063 1.8 virginica 29
## 109 6.7 2.5 0.058 1.8 virginica 25
## 110 7.2 3.6 0.061 2.5 virginica 36
## 111 6.5 3.2 0.051 2.0 virginica 32
## 112 6.4 2.7 0.053 1.9 virginica 27
## 113 6.8 3.0 0.055 2.1 virginica 30
## 114 5.7 2.5 0.050 2.0 virginica 25
## 115 5.8 2.8 0.051 2.4 virginica 28
## 116 6.4 3.2 0.053 2.3 virginica 32
## 117 6.5 3.0 0.055 1.8 virginica 30
## 118 7.7 3.8 0.067 2.2 virginica 38
## 119 7.7 2.6 0.069 2.3 virginica 26
## 120 6.0 2.2 0.050 1.5 virginica 22
## 121 6.9 3.2 0.057 2.3 virginica 32
## 122 5.6 2.8 0.049 2.0 virginica 28
## 123 7.7 2.8 0.067 2.0 virginica 28
## 124 6.3 2.7 0.049 1.8 virginica 27
## 125 6.7 3.3 0.057 2.1 virginica 33
## 126 7.2 3.2 0.060 1.8 virginica 32
## 127 6.2 2.8 0.048 1.8 virginica 28
## 128 6.1 3.0 0.049 1.8 virginica 30
## 129 6.4 2.8 0.056 2.1 virginica 28
## 130 7.2 3.0 0.058 1.6 virginica 30
## 131 7.4 2.8 0.061 1.9 virginica 28
## 132 7.9 3.8 0.064 2.0 virginica 38
## 133 6.4 2.8 0.056 2.2 virginica 28
## 134 6.3 2.8 0.051 1.5 virginica 28
## 135 6.1 2.6 0.056 1.4 virginica 26
## 136 7.7 3.0 0.061 2.3 virginica 30
## 137 6.3 3.4 0.056 2.4 virginica 34
## 138 6.4 3.1 0.055 1.8 virginica 31
## 139 6.0 3.0 0.048 1.8 virginica 30
## 140 6.9 3.1 0.054 2.1 virginica 31
## 141 6.7 3.1 0.056 2.4 virginica 31
## 142 6.9 3.1 0.051 2.3 virginica 31
## 143 5.8 2.7 0.051 1.9 virginica 27
## 144 6.8 3.2 0.059 2.3 virginica 32
## 145 6.7 3.3 0.057 2.5 virginica 33
## 146 6.7 3.0 0.052 2.3 virginica 30
## 147 6.3 2.5 0.050 1.9 virginica 25
## 148 6.5 3.0 0.052 2.0 virginica 30
## 149 6.2 3.4 0.054 2.3 virginica 34
## 150 5.9 3.0 0.051 1.8 virginica 30iris %>%
filter(Species=="setosa") %>%
mutate (newvar=Sepal.Width*10) %>%
select (-Sepal.Width, -Petal.Width) %>%
arrange(-Sepal.Length, newvar)## Sepal.Length Petal.Length Species newvar
## 1 5.8 1.2 setosa 40
## 2 5.7 1.7 setosa 38
## 3 5.7 1.5 setosa 44
## 4 5.5 1.3 setosa 35
## 5 5.5 1.4 setosa 42
## 6 5.4 1.7 setosa 34
## 7 5.4 1.5 setosa 34
## 8 5.4 1.5 setosa 37
## 9 5.4 1.7 setosa 39
## 10 5.4 1.3 setosa 39
## 11 5.3 1.5 setosa 37
## 12 5.2 1.4 setosa 34
## 13 5.2 1.5 setosa 35
## 14 5.2 1.5 setosa 41
## 15 5.1 1.7 setosa 33
## 16 5.1 1.5 setosa 34
## 17 5.1 1.4 setosa 35
## 18 5.1 1.4 setosa 35
## 19 5.1 1.5 setosa 37
## 20 5.1 1.5 setosa 38
## 21 5.1 1.9 setosa 38
## 22 5.1 1.6 setosa 38
## 23 5.0 1.6 setosa 30
## 24 5.0 1.2 setosa 32
## 25 5.0 1.4 setosa 33
## 26 5.0 1.5 setosa 34
## 27 5.0 1.6 setosa 34
## 28 5.0 1.3 setosa 35
## 29 5.0 1.6 setosa 35
## 30 5.0 1.4 setosa 36
## 31 4.9 1.4 setosa 30
## 32 4.9 1.5 setosa 31
## 33 4.9 1.5 setosa 31
## 34 4.9 1.4 setosa 36
## 35 4.8 1.4 setosa 30
## 36 4.8 1.4 setosa 30
## 37 4.8 1.6 setosa 31
## 38 4.8 1.6 setosa 34
## 39 4.8 1.9 setosa 34
## 40 4.7 1.3 setosa 32
## 41 4.7 1.6 setosa 32
## 42 4.6 1.5 setosa 31
## 43 4.6 1.4 setosa 32
## 44 4.6 1.4 setosa 34
## 45 4.6 1.0 setosa 36
## 46 4.5 1.3 setosa 23
## 47 4.4 1.4 setosa 29
## 48 4.4 1.3 setosa 30
## 49 4.4 1.3 setosa 32
## 50 4.3 1.1 setosa 30iris %>%
pivot_wider( names_from=Species, values_from= c(Sepal.Length))## Warning: Values from `Sepal.Length` are not uniquely identified; output will contain list-cols.
## * Use `values_fn = list` to suppress this warning.
## * Use `values_fn = {summary_fun}` to summarise duplicates.
## * Use the following dplyr code to identify duplicates.
## {data} %>%
## dplyr::group_by(Sepal.Width, Petal.Length, Petal.Width, Species) %>%
## dplyr::summarise(n = dplyr::n(), .groups = "drop") %>%
## dplyr::filter(n > 1L)## # A tibble: 143 × 6
## Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width setosa versicolor virginica
## <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <list> <list> <list>
## 1 3.5 1.4 0.2 <dbl [1]> <NULL> <NULL>
## 2 3 1.4 0.2 <dbl [1]> <NULL> <NULL>
## 3 3.2 1.3 0.2 <dbl [2]> <NULL> <NULL>
## 4 3.1 1.5 0.2 <dbl [2]> <NULL> <NULL>
## 5 3.6 1.4 0.2 <dbl [1]> <NULL> <NULL>
## 6 3.9 1.7 0.4 <dbl [1]> <NULL> <NULL>
## 7 3.4 1.4 0.3 <dbl [1]> <NULL> <NULL>
## 8 3.4 1.5 0.2 <dbl [2]> <NULL> <NULL>
## 9 2.9 1.4 0.2 <dbl [1]> <NULL> <NULL>
## 10 3.1 1.5 0.1 <dbl [1]> <NULL> <NULL>
## # … with 133 more rowswidedata <- iris %>%
# create groups then assign unique identifier row number in each group
group_by(Species) %>%
mutate(row = row_number()) %>%
pivot_wider(names_from=Species, values_from= c(Petal.Length,Sepal.Length,Petal.Width,Sepal.Width))
widedata## # A tibble: 50 × 13
## row Petal.Length_setosa Petal.Length_ver… Petal.Length_vi… Sepal.Length_se…
## <int> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 1 1.4 4.7 6 5.1
## 2 2 1.4 4.5 5.1 4.9
## 3 3 1.3 4.9 5.9 4.7
## 4 4 1.5 4 5.6 4.6
## 5 5 1.4 4.6 5.8 5
## 6 6 1.7 4.5 6.6 5.4
## 7 7 1.4 4.7 4.5 4.6
## 8 8 1.5 3.3 6.3 5
## 9 9 1.4 4.6 5.8 4.4
## 10 10 1.5 3.9 6.1 4.9
## # … with 40 more rows, and 8 more variables: Sepal.Length_versicolor <dbl>,
## # Sepal.Length_virginica <dbl>, Petal.Width_setosa <dbl>,
## # Petal.Width_versicolor <dbl>, Petal.Width_virginica <dbl>,
## # Sepal.Width_setosa <dbl>, Sepal.Width_versicolor <dbl>,
## # Sepal.Width_virginica <dbl>iris %>%
group_by(Species) %>%
mutate(row = row_number()) %>%
pivot_wider( names_from=Species, values_from= c(Petal.Length, Petal.Width))## # A tibble: 150 × 9
## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width row Petal.Length_setosa Petal.Length_versicolor
## <dbl> <dbl> <int> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 5.1 3.5 1 1.4 NA
## 2 4.9 3 2 1.4 NA
## 3 4.7 3.2 3 1.3 NA
## 4 4.6 3.1 4 1.5 NA
## 5 5 3.6 5 1.4 NA
## 6 5.4 3.9 6 1.7 NA
## 7 4.6 3.4 7 1.4 NA
## 8 5 3.4 8 1.5 NA
## 9 4.4 2.9 9 1.4 NA
## 10 4.9 3.1 10 1.5 NA
## # … with 140 more rows, and 4 more variables: Petal.Length_virginica <dbl>,
## # Petal.Width_setosa <dbl>, Petal.Width_versicolor <dbl>,
## # Petal.Width_virginica <dbl>longdata = pivot_longer(widedata, -
c( "row" , "Petal.Length_setosa" , "Petal.Length_versicolor",
"Petal.Length_virginica", "Sepal.Length_setosa" , "Sepal.Length_versicolor",
"Sepal.Length_virginica" , "Petal.Width_setosa" , "Petal.Width_versicolor" ,
"Petal.Width_virginica" ) , names_to="Sepal.Width", values_to="Sepal.Width.value")
longdata## # A tibble: 150 × 12
## row Petal.Length_setosa Petal.Length_ver… Petal.Length_vi… Sepal.Length_se…
## <int> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 1 1.4 4.7 6 5.1
## 2 1 1.4 4.7 6 5.1
## 3 1 1.4 4.7 6 5.1
## 4 2 1.4 4.5 5.1 4.9
## 5 2 1.4 4.5 5.1 4.9
## 6 2 1.4 4.5 5.1 4.9
## 7 3 1.3 4.9 5.9 4.7
## 8 3 1.3 4.9 5.9 4.7
## 9 3 1.3 4.9 5.9 4.7
## 10 4 1.5 4 5.6 4.6
## # … with 140 more rows, and 7 more variables: Sepal.Length_versicolor <dbl>,
## # Sepal.Length_virginica <dbl>, Petal.Width_setosa <dbl>,
## # Petal.Width_versicolor <dbl>, Petal.Width_virginica <dbl>,
## # Sepal.Width <chr>, Sepal.Width.value <dbl>pivot_wider(longdata, names_from=Sepal.Width, values_from= c(Sepal.Width.value))## # A tibble: 50 × 13
## row Petal.Length_setosa Petal.Length_ver… Petal.Length_vi… Sepal.Length_se…
## <int> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 1 1.4 4.7 6 5.1
## 2 2 1.4 4.5 5.1 4.9
## 3 3 1.3 4.9 5.9 4.7
## 4 4 1.5 4 5.6 4.6
## 5 5 1.4 4.6 5.8 5
## 6 6 1.7 4.5 6.6 5.4
## 7 7 1.4 4.7 4.5 4.6
## 8 8 1.5 3.3 6.3 5
## 9 9 1.4 4.6 5.8 4.4
## 10 10 1.5 3.9 6.1 4.9
## # … with 40 more rows, and 8 more variables: Sepal.Length_versicolor <dbl>,
## # Sepal.Length_virginica <dbl>, Petal.Width_setosa <dbl>,
## # Petal.Width_versicolor <dbl>, Petal.Width_virginica <dbl>,
## # Sepal.Width_setosa <dbl>, Sepal.Width_versicolor <dbl>,
## # Sepal.Width_virginica <dbl>separate(iris, Species, into = c("integer","decimal","third"), sep="o")## Warning: Expected 3 pieces. Missing pieces filled with `NA` in 100 rows [1, 2,
## 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, ...].## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width integer decimal third
## 1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 6 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 set sa <NA>
## 7 4.6 3.4 1.4 0.3 set sa <NA>
## 8 5.0 3.4 1.5 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 9 4.4 2.9 1.4 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 10 4.9 3.1 1.5 0.1 set sa <NA>
## 11 5.4 3.7 1.5 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 12 4.8 3.4 1.6 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 13 4.8 3.0 1.4 0.1 set sa <NA>
## 14 4.3 3.0 1.1 0.1 set sa <NA>
## 15 5.8 4.0 1.2 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 16 5.7 4.4 1.5 0.4 set sa <NA>
## 17 5.4 3.9 1.3 0.4 set sa <NA>
## 18 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.3 set sa <NA>
## 19 5.7 3.8 1.7 0.3 set sa <NA>
## 20 5.1 3.8 1.5 0.3 set sa <NA>
## 21 5.4 3.4 1.7 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 22 5.1 3.7 1.5 0.4 set sa <NA>
## 23 4.6 3.6 1.0 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 24 5.1 3.3 1.7 0.5 set sa <NA>
## 25 4.8 3.4 1.9 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 26 5.0 3.0 1.6 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 27 5.0 3.4 1.6 0.4 set sa <NA>
## 28 5.2 3.5 1.5 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 29 5.2 3.4 1.4 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 30 4.7 3.2 1.6 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 31 4.8 3.1 1.6 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 32 5.4 3.4 1.5 0.4 set sa <NA>
## 33 5.2 4.1 1.5 0.1 set sa <NA>
## 34 5.5 4.2 1.4 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 35 4.9 3.1 1.5 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 36 5.0 3.2 1.2 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 37 5.5 3.5 1.3 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 38 4.9 3.6 1.4 0.1 set sa <NA>
## 39 4.4 3.0 1.3 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 40 5.1 3.4 1.5 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 41 5.0 3.5 1.3 0.3 set sa <NA>
## 42 4.5 2.3 1.3 0.3 set sa <NA>
## 43 4.4 3.2 1.3 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 44 5.0 3.5 1.6 0.6 set sa <NA>
## 45 5.1 3.8 1.9 0.4 set sa <NA>
## 46 4.8 3.0 1.4 0.3 set sa <NA>
## 47 5.1 3.8 1.6 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 48 4.6 3.2 1.4 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 49 5.3 3.7 1.5 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 50 5.0 3.3 1.4 0.2 set sa <NA>
## 51 7.0 3.2 4.7 1.4 versic l r
## 52 6.4 3.2 4.5 1.5 versic l r
## 53 6.9 3.1 4.9 1.5 versic l r
## 54 5.5 2.3 4.0 1.3 versic l r
## 55 6.5 2.8 4.6 1.5 versic l r
## 56 5.7 2.8 4.5 1.3 versic l r
## 57 6.3 3.3 4.7 1.6 versic l r
## 58 4.9 2.4 3.3 1.0 versic l r
## 59 6.6 2.9 4.6 1.3 versic l r
## 60 5.2 2.7 3.9 1.4 versic l r
## 61 5.0 2.0 3.5 1.0 versic l r
## 62 5.9 3.0 4.2 1.5 versic l r
## 63 6.0 2.2 4.0 1.0 versic l r
## 64 6.1 2.9 4.7 1.4 versic l r
## 65 5.6 2.9 3.6 1.3 versic l r
## 66 6.7 3.1 4.4 1.4 versic l r
## 67 5.6 3.0 4.5 1.5 versic l r
## 68 5.8 2.7 4.1 1.0 versic l r
## 69 6.2 2.2 4.5 1.5 versic l r
## 70 5.6 2.5 3.9 1.1 versic l r
## 71 5.9 3.2 4.8 1.8 versic l r
## 72 6.1 2.8 4.0 1.3 versic l r
## 73 6.3 2.5 4.9 1.5 versic l r
## 74 6.1 2.8 4.7 1.2 versic l r
## 75 6.4 2.9 4.3 1.3 versic l r
## 76 6.6 3.0 4.4 1.4 versic l r
## 77 6.8 2.8 4.8 1.4 versic l r
## 78 6.7 3.0 5.0 1.7 versic l r
## 79 6.0 2.9 4.5 1.5 versic l r
## 80 5.7 2.6 3.5 1.0 versic l r
## 81 5.5 2.4 3.8 1.1 versic l r
## 82 5.5 2.4 3.7 1.0 versic l r
## 83 5.8 2.7 3.9 1.2 versic l r
## 84 6.0 2.7 5.1 1.6 versic l r
## 85 5.4 3.0 4.5 1.5 versic l r
## 86 6.0 3.4 4.5 1.6 versic l r
## 87 6.7 3.1 4.7 1.5 versic l r
## 88 6.3 2.3 4.4 1.3 versic l r
## 89 5.6 3.0 4.1 1.3 versic l r
## 90 5.5 2.5 4.0 1.3 versic l r
## 91 5.5 2.6 4.4 1.2 versic l r
## 92 6.1 3.0 4.6 1.4 versic l r
## 93 5.8 2.6 4.0 1.2 versic l r
## 94 5.0 2.3 3.3 1.0 versic l r
## 95 5.6 2.7 4.2 1.3 versic l r
## 96 5.7 3.0 4.2 1.2 versic l r
## 97 5.7 2.9 4.2 1.3 versic l r
## 98 6.2 2.9 4.3 1.3 versic l r
## 99 5.1 2.5 3.0 1.1 versic l r
## 100 5.7 2.8 4.1 1.3 versic l r
## 101 6.3 3.3 6.0 2.5 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 102 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 103 7.1 3.0 5.9 2.1 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 104 6.3 2.9 5.6 1.8 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 105 6.5 3.0 5.8 2.2 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 106 7.6 3.0 6.6 2.1 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 107 4.9 2.5 4.5 1.7 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 108 7.3 2.9 6.3 1.8 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 109 6.7 2.5 5.8 1.8 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 110 7.2 3.6 6.1 2.5 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 111 6.5 3.2 5.1 2.0 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 112 6.4 2.7 5.3 1.9 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 113 6.8 3.0 5.5 2.1 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 114 5.7 2.5 5.0 2.0 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 115 5.8 2.8 5.1 2.4 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 116 6.4 3.2 5.3 2.3 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 117 6.5 3.0 5.5 1.8 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 118 7.7 3.8 6.7 2.2 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 119 7.7 2.6 6.9 2.3 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 120 6.0 2.2 5.0 1.5 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 121 6.9 3.2 5.7 2.3 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 122 5.6 2.8 4.9 2.0 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 123 7.7 2.8 6.7 2.0 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 124 6.3 2.7 4.9 1.8 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 125 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.1 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 126 7.2 3.2 6.0 1.8 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 127 6.2 2.8 4.8 1.8 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 128 6.1 3.0 4.9 1.8 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 129 6.4 2.8 5.6 2.1 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 130 7.2 3.0 5.8 1.6 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 131 7.4 2.8 6.1 1.9 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 132 7.9 3.8 6.4 2.0 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 133 6.4 2.8 5.6 2.2 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 134 6.3 2.8 5.1 1.5 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 135 6.1 2.6 5.6 1.4 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 136 7.7 3.0 6.1 2.3 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 137 6.3 3.4 5.6 2.4 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 138 6.4 3.1 5.5 1.8 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 139 6.0 3.0 4.8 1.8 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 140 6.9 3.1 5.4 2.1 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 141 6.7 3.1 5.6 2.4 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 142 6.9 3.1 5.1 2.3 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 143 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 144 6.8 3.2 5.9 2.3 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 145 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.5 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 146 6.7 3.0 5.2 2.3 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 147 6.3 2.5 5.0 1.9 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 148 6.5 3.0 5.2 2.0 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 149 6.2 3.4 5.4 2.3 virginica <NA> <NA>
## 150 5.9 3.0 5.1 1.8 virginica <NA> <NA>mutate(iris, Species2 = recode(Species, "setosa"="seto", "versicolor"="versi"))## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species Species2
## 1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa seto
## 2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa seto
## 3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa seto
## 4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa seto
## 5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa seto
## 6 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosa seto
## 7 4.6 3.4 1.4 0.3 setosa seto
## 8 5.0 3.4 1.5 0.2 setosa seto
## 9 4.4 2.9 1.4 0.2 setosa seto
## 10 4.9 3.1 1.5 0.1 setosa seto
## 11 5.4 3.7 1.5 0.2 setosa seto
## 12 4.8 3.4 1.6 0.2 setosa seto
## 13 4.8 3.0 1.4 0.1 setosa seto
## 14 4.3 3.0 1.1 0.1 setosa seto
## 15 5.8 4.0 1.2 0.2 setosa seto
## 16 5.7 4.4 1.5 0.4 setosa seto
## 17 5.4 3.9 1.3 0.4 setosa seto
## 18 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.3 setosa seto
## 19 5.7 3.8 1.7 0.3 setosa seto
## 20 5.1 3.8 1.5 0.3 setosa seto
## 21 5.4 3.4 1.7 0.2 setosa seto
## 22 5.1 3.7 1.5 0.4 setosa seto
## 23 4.6 3.6 1.0 0.2 setosa seto
## 24 5.1 3.3 1.7 0.5 setosa seto
## 25 4.8 3.4 1.9 0.2 setosa seto
## 26 5.0 3.0 1.6 0.2 setosa seto
## 27 5.0 3.4 1.6 0.4 setosa seto
## 28 5.2 3.5 1.5 0.2 setosa seto
## 29 5.2 3.4 1.4 0.2 setosa seto
## 30 4.7 3.2 1.6 0.2 setosa seto
## 31 4.8 3.1 1.6 0.2 setosa seto
## 32 5.4 3.4 1.5 0.4 setosa seto
## 33 5.2 4.1 1.5 0.1 setosa seto
## 34 5.5 4.2 1.4 0.2 setosa seto
## 35 4.9 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa seto
## 36 5.0 3.2 1.2 0.2 setosa seto
## 37 5.5 3.5 1.3 0.2 setosa seto
## 38 4.9 3.6 1.4 0.1 setosa seto
## 39 4.4 3.0 1.3 0.2 setosa seto
## 40 5.1 3.4 1.5 0.2 setosa seto
## 41 5.0 3.5 1.3 0.3 setosa seto
## 42 4.5 2.3 1.3 0.3 setosa seto
## 43 4.4 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa seto
## 44 5.0 3.5 1.6 0.6 setosa seto
## 45 5.1 3.8 1.9 0.4 setosa seto
## 46 4.8 3.0 1.4 0.3 setosa seto
## 47 5.1 3.8 1.6 0.2 setosa seto
## 48 4.6 3.2 1.4 0.2 setosa seto
## 49 5.3 3.7 1.5 0.2 setosa seto
## 50 5.0 3.3 1.4 0.2 setosa seto
## 51 7.0 3.2 4.7 1.4 versicolor versi
## 52 6.4 3.2 4.5 1.5 versicolor versi
## 53 6.9 3.1 4.9 1.5 versicolor versi
## 54 5.5 2.3 4.0 1.3 versicolor versi
## 55 6.5 2.8 4.6 1.5 versicolor versi
## 56 5.7 2.8 4.5 1.3 versicolor versi
## 57 6.3 3.3 4.7 1.6 versicolor versi
## 58 4.9 2.4 3.3 1.0 versicolor versi
## 59 6.6 2.9 4.6 1.3 versicolor versi
## 60 5.2 2.7 3.9 1.4 versicolor versi
## 61 5.0 2.0 3.5 1.0 versicolor versi
## 62 5.9 3.0 4.2 1.5 versicolor versi
## 63 6.0 2.2 4.0 1.0 versicolor versi
## 64 6.1 2.9 4.7 1.4 versicolor versi
## 65 5.6 2.9 3.6 1.3 versicolor versi
## 66 6.7 3.1 4.4 1.4 versicolor versi
## 67 5.6 3.0 4.5 1.5 versicolor versi
## 68 5.8 2.7 4.1 1.0 versicolor versi
## 69 6.2 2.2 4.5 1.5 versicolor versi
## 70 5.6 2.5 3.9 1.1 versicolor versi
## 71 5.9 3.2 4.8 1.8 versicolor versi
## 72 6.1 2.8 4.0 1.3 versicolor versi
## 73 6.3 2.5 4.9 1.5 versicolor versi
## 74 6.1 2.8 4.7 1.2 versicolor versi
## 75 6.4 2.9 4.3 1.3 versicolor versi
## 76 6.6 3.0 4.4 1.4 versicolor versi
## 77 6.8 2.8 4.8 1.4 versicolor versi
## 78 6.7 3.0 5.0 1.7 versicolor versi
## 79 6.0 2.9 4.5 1.5 versicolor versi
## 80 5.7 2.6 3.5 1.0 versicolor versi
## 81 5.5 2.4 3.8 1.1 versicolor versi
## 82 5.5 2.4 3.7 1.0 versicolor versi
## 83 5.8 2.7 3.9 1.2 versicolor versi
## 84 6.0 2.7 5.1 1.6 versicolor versi
## 85 5.4 3.0 4.5 1.5 versicolor versi
## 86 6.0 3.4 4.5 1.6 versicolor versi
## 87 6.7 3.1 4.7 1.5 versicolor versi
## 88 6.3 2.3 4.4 1.3 versicolor versi
## 89 5.6 3.0 4.1 1.3 versicolor versi
## 90 5.5 2.5 4.0 1.3 versicolor versi
## 91 5.5 2.6 4.4 1.2 versicolor versi
## 92 6.1 3.0 4.6 1.4 versicolor versi
## 93 5.8 2.6 4.0 1.2 versicolor versi
## 94 5.0 2.3 3.3 1.0 versicolor versi
## 95 5.6 2.7 4.2 1.3 versicolor versi
## 96 5.7 3.0 4.2 1.2 versicolor versi
## 97 5.7 2.9 4.2 1.3 versicolor versi
## 98 6.2 2.9 4.3 1.3 versicolor versi
## 99 5.1 2.5 3.0 1.1 versicolor versi
## 100 5.7 2.8 4.1 1.3 versicolor versi
## 101 6.3 3.3 6.0 2.5 virginica virginica
## 102 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica virginica
## 103 7.1 3.0 5.9 2.1 virginica virginica
## 104 6.3 2.9 5.6 1.8 virginica virginica
## 105 6.5 3.0 5.8 2.2 virginica virginica
## 106 7.6 3.0 6.6 2.1 virginica virginica
## 107 4.9 2.5 4.5 1.7 virginica virginica
## 108 7.3 2.9 6.3 1.8 virginica virginica
## 109 6.7 2.5 5.8 1.8 virginica virginica
## 110 7.2 3.6 6.1 2.5 virginica virginica
## 111 6.5 3.2 5.1 2.0 virginica virginica
## 112 6.4 2.7 5.3 1.9 virginica virginica
## 113 6.8 3.0 5.5 2.1 virginica virginica
## 114 5.7 2.5 5.0 2.0 virginica virginica
## 115 5.8 2.8 5.1 2.4 virginica virginica
## 116 6.4 3.2 5.3 2.3 virginica virginica
## 117 6.5 3.0 5.5 1.8 virginica virginica
## 118 7.7 3.8 6.7 2.2 virginica virginica
## 119 7.7 2.6 6.9 2.3 virginica virginica
## 120 6.0 2.2 5.0 1.5 virginica virginica
## 121 6.9 3.2 5.7 2.3 virginica virginica
## 122 5.6 2.8 4.9 2.0 virginica virginica
## 123 7.7 2.8 6.7 2.0 virginica virginica
## 124 6.3 2.7 4.9 1.8 virginica virginica
## 125 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.1 virginica virginica
## 126 7.2 3.2 6.0 1.8 virginica virginica
## 127 6.2 2.8 4.8 1.8 virginica virginica
## 128 6.1 3.0 4.9 1.8 virginica virginica
## 129 6.4 2.8 5.6 2.1 virginica virginica
## 130 7.2 3.0 5.8 1.6 virginica virginica
## 131 7.4 2.8 6.1 1.9 virginica virginica
## 132 7.9 3.8 6.4 2.0 virginica virginica
## 133 6.4 2.8 5.6 2.2 virginica virginica
## 134 6.3 2.8 5.1 1.5 virginica virginica
## 135 6.1 2.6 5.6 1.4 virginica virginica
## 136 7.7 3.0 6.1 2.3 virginica virginica
## 137 6.3 3.4 5.6 2.4 virginica virginica
## 138 6.4 3.1 5.5 1.8 virginica virginica
## 139 6.0 3.0 4.8 1.8 virginica virginica
## 140 6.9 3.1 5.4 2.1 virginica virginica
## 141 6.7 3.1 5.6 2.4 virginica virginica
## 142 6.9 3.1 5.1 2.3 virginica virginica
## 143 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica virginica
## 144 6.8 3.2 5.9 2.3 virginica virginica
## 145 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.5 virginica virginica
## 146 6.7 3.0 5.2 2.3 virginica virginica
## 147 6.3 2.5 5.0 1.9 virginica virginica
## 148 6.5 3.0 5.2 2.0 virginica virginica
## 149 6.2 3.4 5.4 2.3 virginica virginica
## 150 5.9 3.0 5.1 1.8 virginica virginicadata1 <- data.frame(ID = 1:4,
X1 = c("a1", "a2","a3", "a4"),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
data2 <- data.frame(ID = 2:5,
X2 = c("b1", "b2","b3", "b4"),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE)inner_join(data1, data2, by = "ID") ## ID X1 X2
## 1 2 a2 b1
## 2 3 a3 b2
## 3 4 a4 b3left_join(data1, data2, by = "ID") ## ID X1 X2
## 1 1 a1 <NA>
## 2 2 a2 b1
## 3 3 a3 b2
## 4 4 a4 b3right_join(data1, data2, by = "ID") ## ID X1 X2
## 1 2 a2 b1
## 2 3 a3 b2
## 3 4 a4 b3
## 4 5 <NA> b4full_join(data1, data2, by = "ID") ## ID X1 X2
## 1 1 a1 <NA>
## 2 2 a2 b1
## 3 3 a3 b2
## 4 4 a4 b3
## 5 5 <NA> b4anti_join(data1, data2, by = "ID") ## ID X1
## 1 1 a1semi_join(data1, data2, by = "ID") ## ID X1
## 1 2 a2
## 2 3 a3
## 3 4 a4full_join(data1, data2, by = "ID") %>%
full_join(., data2, by = "ID") ## ID X1 X2.x X2.y
## 1 1 a1 <NA> <NA>
## 2 2 a2 b1 b1
## 3 3 a3 b2 b2
## 4 4 a4 b3 b3
## 5 5 <NA> b4 b4# df1 <- data.frame(col1 = LETTERS[1:6],
# col2a = c(5:10),
# col3a = TRUE)
#
# df2 <- data.frame(col1 = LETTERS[4:8],
# col2b= c(4:8),
# col3b = FALSE)
# rbind(df1,df2)data_frame1 <- data.frame(col1 = c(6:8),
col2 = letters[1:3],
col3 = c(1,4,NA))
data_frame2 <- data.frame(col1 = c(5:6),
col5 = letters[7:8])
data_frame_merge <- merge(data_frame1, data_frame2,
by = 'col1', all = TRUE)
print (data_frame_merge)## col1 col2 col3 col5
## 1 5 <NA> NA g
## 2 6 a 1 h
## 3 7 b 4 <NA>
## 4 8 c NA <NA>full_join(data_frame1,data_frame2, by=c("col1"),)## col1 col2 col3 col5
## 1 6 a 1 h
## 2 7 b 4 <NA>
## 3 8 c NA <NA>
## 4 5 <NA> NA g