library(RaceID)
library(Seurat)
## Attaching SeuratObject
library(dplyr)
## 
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
library(ggplot2)
pbmc <- readRDS("/mnt/nectar_volume/home/eraz0001/pbmc_human/pbmc_tutorial_final.rds")
ndata <- pbmc@assays$RNA@counts[,]
sc <- SCseq(ndata)

The first step is the application of filtering for the purpose of quality control. Cells with a relatively low total number of transcripts are discarded.

sc <- filterdata(sc,mintotal=2000)

In this example, we filter out cells with <2,000 transcipts. The function allows further filtering of genes by choosing the input parameters minexpr and minnumber, i.e. only genes with at least minexpr transcripts in at least minnumber cells are retained. The filtered and normalized expression matrix (normalized to the minimum total transcript count across all cells retained after filtering) can be retrieved by the getfdata function:

fdata <- getfdata(sc)
sc <- compdist(sc,metric="pearson")
sc <- clustexp(sc)
## Clustering k = 1,2,..., K.max (= 30): .. 
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plotsaturation(sc,disp=FALSE)

plotsaturation(sc,disp=TRUE)

plotjaccard(sc)

Here, the automated criterion overestimated the cluster number leading to instability as indicated by low Jaccard’s similarity. Based on visual inspection of the average within-cluster dispersion as a function of the cluster number, we manually set the cluster number to 10 without recomputing the saturation behaviour.

sc <- clustexp(sc,cln=10,sat=FALSE)
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This function perform k-medoids clustering by default. K-means clustering or hierarchical clustering can be chosen with the FUNcluster argument. For very large datasets, hierarchical clustering leads to significantly smaller run time.

Subsequently, outliers in the initial k-medoids clusters are identified based on an internally computed background model for the expected gene expression variability and the assumption that transcript counts follow a negative binomial distribution defined by the mean and the variance of the expression of each gene in a cluster. Outlier genes will be in the tail of this distribution at a p-value defined by the probthr parameter (1e-3 by default), and outlier cells require the presence of a number of outlier genes defined by the outlg parameter (2 by default).

sc <- findoutliers(sc)
## find outliers in cluster 1 
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## merging outliers 1 
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## determine final clustering partition 1 
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The background noise model can be inspected:

plotbackground(sc)

plotsensitivity(sc)

Another way of checking the presence of outliers is the inspection of a barplot of p-values across all cells in each cluster:

plotoutlierprobs(sc)

A heatmap of cell-to-cell distances grouped be the final clusters inferred based on the original clusters and the outliers allows visual inspection of the clusters:

clustheatmap(sc)

##  [1] 52 21 53 50 49 27 48 36 47 41  9 51 40 46 35 15 24  4  7 12  6 13 14 45 34
## [26] 33 31 42 26 44 37 30 18 29 22 32 28 19 38 20 23 43 16 39  2 17  1  3  5 11
## [51] 10  8 25
sc <- compumap(sc)

Parameters for umap can be given as additional argument

plotmap(sc)

sc <- comptsne(sc)
sc <- compfr(sc,knn=10)

The t-SNE map can be plotted by

plotmap(sc)

The Fruchterman-Rheingold layout can be plotted by

plotmap(sc,fr=TRUE)

umap presentation

plotmap(sc,um=TRUE)

The dimensional reduction maps can be inspected, e.g., for the localization of (a subset of) samples included in the analysis:

types <- sub("(\\_\\d+)$","", colnames(sc@ndata))
plotsymbolsmap(sc,types,fr=TRUE)

plotexpmap(sc,"CCR7",logsc=TRUE,fr=TRUE)

g <- c("S100A4", "IL7R")
plotexpmap(sc,g,n="Memory CD4+",logsc=TRUE,fr=TRUE)

For instance, to obtain differentially expressed genes within cluster 4 compared to all other cells:

d  <- clustdiffgenes(sc,4,pvalue=.01)
dg <- d$dg
head(dg,25)
##            mean.ncl    mean.cl         fc            pv          padj
## FTH1      9.6290373 31.6791749 3.28996284  0.000000e+00  0.000000e+00
## MALAT1   34.1778602 11.6575998 0.34108630  0.000000e+00  0.000000e+00
## LYZ       4.3617687 21.0657130 4.82962628  0.000000e+00  0.000000e+00
## CST3      1.8530394  8.1435953 4.39472320  0.000000e+00  0.000000e+00
## TYROBP    1.4462505  6.7012763 4.63355152  0.000000e+00  0.000000e+00
## FTL      12.0404304 44.5472409 3.69980469  0.000000e+00  0.000000e+00
## LGALS2    0.2856779  2.8015730 9.80675286 3.000210e-113 2.880202e-111
## S100A9    2.7875662  9.3448063 3.35231726  1.342336e-96  1.127563e-94
## S100A8    1.2979021  5.0767657 3.91151676  2.534042e-76  1.892085e-74
## FCN1      0.6709750  3.2285731 4.81176373  6.592657e-69  4.430266e-67
## LGALS1    1.3402498  4.8105813 3.58931696  3.380739e-65  2.065324e-63
## SAT1      1.2152254  4.3952305 3.61680268  1.351832e-61  7.570261e-60
## S100A6    1.9930820  5.7346055 2.87725523  1.492331e-52  7.714201e-51
## LTB       2.4241102  0.1524501 0.06288908  1.647321e-51  7.907139e-50
## TYMP      0.5048875  2.2602897 4.47681872  4.300544e-48  1.926644e-46
## GSTP1     0.5807220  2.4348709 4.19283390  1.940096e-47  8.148402e-46
## HLA-DRA   2.4502621  6.3635437 2.59708697  4.146877e-47  1.639236e-45
## S100A4    3.6110289  8.4502015 2.34010909  1.380971e-46  5.155626e-45
## AIF1      1.0270824  3.3575036 3.26897201  3.613774e-43  1.278135e-41
## RPS27A    7.0126593  2.3495410 0.33504280  5.909077e-40  1.985450e-38
## HLA-DRB1  1.0089787  3.1903187 3.16192880  1.331112e-39  4.259557e-38
## CTSS      0.9612186  3.0628646 3.18643914  4.248990e-39  1.297873e-37
## COTL1     1.4458032  3.9831465 2.75497146  2.510319e-37  7.334498e-36
## CCL3      0.1648204  1.0547455 6.39936369  4.113219e-37  1.151701e-35
## MS4A6A    0.1126701  0.8670669 7.69562594  1.880493e-36  5.054764e-35
types <- sub("(\\_\\d+)$","", colnames(sc@ndata))
genes <- head(rownames(dg)[dg$fc>1],10)
plotmarkergenes(sc,genes,samples=types)

plotmarkergenes(sc,genes,cl=c(2,6,7,8,10),samples=types,order.cells=TRUE)

fractDotPlot(sc, genes, cluster=c(2,6,7,8,10), zsc=TRUE)

A <- names(sc@cpart)[sc@cpart %in% c(2,4)]
B <- names(sc@cpart)[sc@cpart %in% c(3)]
x <- diffexpnb(getfdata(sc,n=c(A,B)), A=A, B=B )
plotdiffgenesnb(x,pthr=.05,lthr=.5,mthr=-1,Aname="Cl.2",Bname="Cl.3,5",show_names=TRUE,padj=TRUE)

ltr <- Ltree(sc)
ltr <- compentropy(ltr)
ltr <- projcells(ltr,cthr=5,nmode=FALSE,fr=TRUE)
ltr <- projback(ltr,pdishuf=100)
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ltr <- lineagegraph(ltr)
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Building tree:  1584 
Building tree:  1585 
Building tree:  1586 
Building tree:  1587 
Building tree:  1588 
Building tree:  1589 
Building tree:  1590 
Building tree:  1591 
Building tree:  1592 
Building tree:  1593 
Building tree:  1594 
Building tree:  1595 
Building tree: done.
ltr <- comppvalue(ltr,pthr=0.1)
plotgraph(ltr,scthr=0.2,showCells=FALSE,showMap=TRUE)

To predict the stem cell, the StemID score can be computed and visualized:

x <- compscore(ltr,scthr=0.2)

plotdistanceratio(ltr)

plotspantree(ltr)

The cell projections onto the links can be directly compared with this minimal spanning tree:

plotspantree(ltr,projections=TRUE)

plotlinkscore(ltr)

projenrichment(ltr)

x <- getproj(ltr,i=3)

sessionInfo()
## R version 4.0.2 (2020-06-22)
## Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
## Running under: Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS
## 
## Matrix products: default
## BLAS:   /mnt/nectar_volume/software/apps/R/4.0.2/lib/R/lib/libRblas.so
## LAPACK: /mnt/nectar_volume/software/apps/R/4.0.2/lib/R/lib/libRlapack.so
## 
## locale:
##  [1] LC_CTYPE=en_AU.UTF-8       LC_NUMERIC=C              
##  [3] LC_TIME=en_AU.UTF-8        LC_COLLATE=en_AU.UTF-8    
##  [5] LC_MONETARY=en_AU.UTF-8    LC_MESSAGES=en_AU.UTF-8   
##  [7] LC_PAPER=en_AU.UTF-8       LC_NAME=C                 
##  [9] LC_ADDRESS=C               LC_TELEPHONE=C            
## [11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_AU.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C       
## 
## attached base packages:
## [1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     
## 
## other attached packages:
## [1] ggplot2_3.3.6      dplyr_1.0.8        SeuratObject_4.0.4 Seurat_4.1.0      
## [5] RaceID_0.2.3      
## 
## loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
##   [1] plyr_1.8.6            igraph_1.2.11         lazyeval_0.2.2       
##   [4] splines_4.0.2         listenv_0.8.0         scattermore_0.7      
##   [7] lle_1.1               digest_0.6.29         htmltools_0.5.2      
##  [10] fansi_1.0.2           magrittr_2.0.2        tensor_1.5           
##  [13] cluster_2.1.3         ROCR_1.0-11           globals_0.14.0       
##  [16] matrixStats_0.61.0    askpass_1.1           spatstat.sparse_2.1-0
##  [19] princurve_2.1.6       colorspace_2.0-2      ggrepel_0.9.1        
##  [22] xfun_0.30             crayon_1.4.2          jsonlite_1.7.3       
##  [25] spatstat.data_2.1-2   survival_3.1-12       zoo_1.8-9            
##  [28] glue_1.6.1            polyclip_1.10-0       gtable_0.3.0         
##  [31] leiden_0.3.9          coop_0.6-3            kernlab_0.9-29       
##  [34] future.apply_1.8.1    DEoptimR_1.0-11       prabclus_2.3-2       
##  [37] abind_1.4-5           scales_1.1.1          pheatmap_1.0.12      
##  [40] DBI_1.1.2             som_0.3-5.1           miniUI_0.1.1.1       
##  [43] Rcpp_1.0.8            viridisLite_0.4.0     xtable_1.8-4         
##  [46] reticulate_1.24       spatstat.core_2.3-2   mclust_5.4.9         
##  [49] stats4_4.0.2          umap_0.2.7.0          propr_4.2.6          
##  [52] htmlwidgets_1.5.4     httr_1.4.2            FNN_1.1.3            
##  [55] RColorBrewer_1.1-2    fpc_2.2-9             modeltools_0.2-23    
##  [58] ellipsis_0.3.2        ica_1.0-2             farver_2.1.0         
##  [61] flexmix_2.3-17        pkgconfig_2.0.3       nnet_7.3-14          
##  [64] sass_0.4.0            uwot_0.1.11           deldir_1.0-6         
##  [67] locfit_1.5-9.4        utf8_1.2.2            labeling_0.4.2       
##  [70] tidyselect_1.1.2      rlang_1.0.2           reshape2_1.4.4       
##  [73] later_1.3.0           munsell_0.5.0         tools_4.0.2          
##  [76] cli_3.2.0             generics_0.1.2        ggridges_0.5.3       
##  [79] evaluate_0.15         stringr_1.4.0         fastmap_1.1.0        
##  [82] yaml_2.2.2            goftest_1.2-3         knitr_1.39           
##  [85] fitdistrplus_1.1-6    robustbase_0.95-0     purrr_0.3.4          
##  [88] randomForest_4.6-14   RANN_2.6.1            pbapply_1.5-0        
##  [91] future_1.23.0         nlme_3.1-148          mime_0.12            
##  [94] compiler_4.0.2        rstudioapi_0.13       plotly_4.10.0        
##  [97] png_0.1-7             spatstat.utils_2.3-0  tibble_3.1.6         
## [100] bslib_0.3.1           stringi_1.7.6         highr_0.9            
## [103] RSpectra_0.16-0       lattice_0.20-41       Matrix_1.4-0         
## [106] vegan_2.6-2           permute_0.9-7         FateID_0.2.1         
## [109] vctrs_0.3.8           pillar_1.7.0          lifecycle_1.0.1      
## [112] spatstat.geom_2.3-1   lmtest_0.9-39         jquerylib_0.1.4      
## [115] RcppAnnoy_0.0.19      data.table_1.14.2     cowplot_1.1.1        
## [118] irlba_2.3.5           httpuv_1.6.5          patchwork_1.1.1      
## [121] R6_2.5.1              promises_1.2.0.1      KernSmooth_2.23-17   
## [124] gridExtra_2.3         parallelly_1.30.0     codetools_0.2-16     
## [127] MASS_7.3-51.6         assertthat_0.2.1      openssl_1.4.6        
## [130] withr_2.4.3           sctransform_0.3.3     diptest_0.76-0       
## [133] mgcv_1.8-31           parallel_4.0.2        quadprog_1.5-8       
## [136] grid_4.0.2            rpart_4.1-15          class_7.3-17         
## [139] tidyr_1.2.0           rmarkdown_2.14        Rtsne_0.15           
## [142] scatterplot3d_0.3-41  shiny_1.7.1           snowfall_1.84-6.1