Corals bleach under stress by expelling their algal symbionts. But why would a coral under stress get rid of its main source of energy? The community of coral scientists are beginning to point to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as the culprit, with many studies claiming that the dinoflagellate photosymbiont Symbiodinium produce an excess of ROS toxic to the coral host, so the coral host ‘kicks them out’. Additionally, the coral host may be producing excess ROS and storing them in their symbionts!

Some questions to ponder:

Read the first 3 sections of this review article

!! This is 14 pages, no need to read this in-depth. Please skim and speed read!! This reading is to review reactive oxygen species and gain some understanding for how they can be both negative and positive signals at different thresholds.

While you read think about a hypothesis for how ROS production relates to coral bleaching events. We will have an in-class brainstorming activity where we build a number of different hypotheses surrounding this question.

Read this Conversation article on why there is reef-safe sunscreen

While you read think about a hypothesis for how ROS production relates to coral bleaching events. We will have an in-class brainstorming activity where we build a number of different hypotheses surrounding this question.


Read about one of these major historical contributors to the study of coral physiology


Group 1: Larissa Eubanks, Chris Mantegna, Nichole Doran, Sidney Brooks, Andrea Limon, Krystal Mei

Nora Goreau 1921 - 2016 memorium article



Group 2: Katie Bennett, Emerson Wright, Kimberly Le Hoang, Jada Rasmussen, Jazzy Shepard, Sarah Tanja, Molly Philip

Robert K. Trench 1940 - 2021 memorium article



Group 3: Olivia Cattau, Jane Dahlin, Michelle Gibson, Leo MacLeod, Katelyn Prufer, Cece Wendel, Zachary Bengtsson

Ruth Gates 1962 - 2018 memorium article



Be prepared to answer a quiz question on the major contribution your assigned researcher made!

In class we will cross-reference and find out how they are all related!