This is a starter RMarkdown template to accompany Data
Visualization (Princeton University Press, 2019). You can use it to
take notes, write your code, and produce a good-looking, reproducible
document that records the work you have done. At the very top of the
file is a section of metadata, or information about what the
file is and what it does. The metadata is delimited by three dashes at
the start and another three at the end. You should change the title,
author, and date to the values that suit you. Keep the
output line as it is for now, however. Each line in the
metadata has a structure. First the key (“title”, “author”,
etc), then a colon, and then the value associated with the
key.
Markdown is a simple formatting syntax for authoring HTML, PDF, and MS Word documents. For more details on using R Markdown see http://rmarkdown.rstudio.com. To see a nice cheat sheet for R Markdown, click File -> Help -> Markdown Quick Reference. For a PDF, click File -> Help -> Cheat Sheets -> R Markdown Cheat Sheet
When you click the Knit button a document will be generated that includes both content as well as the output of any embedded R code chunks within the document. A code chunk is a specially delimited section of the file. You can add one by moving the cursor to a blank line choosing Code > Insert Chunk from the RStudio menu, the +C button on the top right of the editor window, or just CTRL-I. When you do, an empty chunk will appear:
Code chunks are delimited by three backticks (found to the left of
the 1 key on US and UK keyboards) at the start and end. The opening
backticks also have a pair of braces and the letter r, to
indicate what language the chunk is written in. You write your code
inside the code chunks. Write your notes and other material around them,
as here.
To begin we must load some libraries we will be using. If we do not load them, R will not be able to find the functions contained in these libraries. Right now we’re just using the gapminder package.
Notice that here, the braces at the start of the code chunk have some
additional options set in them. There is the language, r,
as before. This is required. Then there is the word setup,
which is a label for your code chunk. Labels are useful to briefly say
what the chunk does. Label names must be unique (no two chunks in the
same document can have the same label) and cannot contain spaces. Then,
after the comma, an option is set: include=FALSE. This
tells R to run this code but not to include the output in the final
document.
Now let’s explore all parts of the RStudio interface.
head(gapminder,n=20)## # A tibble: 20 × 6
## country continent year lifeExp pop gdpPercap
## <fct> <fct> <int> <dbl> <int> <dbl>
## 1 Afghanistan Asia 1952 28.8 8425333 779.
## 2 Afghanistan Asia 1957 30.3 9240934 821.
## 3 Afghanistan Asia 1962 32.0 10267083 853.
## 4 Afghanistan Asia 1967 34.0 11537966 836.
## 5 Afghanistan Asia 1972 36.1 13079460 740.
## 6 Afghanistan Asia 1977 38.4 14880372 786.
## 7 Afghanistan Asia 1982 39.9 12881816 978.
## 8 Afghanistan Asia 1987 40.8 13867957 852.
## 9 Afghanistan Asia 1992 41.7 16317921 649.
## 10 Afghanistan Asia 1997 41.8 22227415 635.
## 11 Afghanistan Asia 2002 42.1 25268405 727.
## 12 Afghanistan Asia 2007 43.8 31889923 975.
## 13 Albania Europe 1952 55.2 1282697 1601.
## 14 Albania Europe 1957 59.3 1476505 1942.
## 15 Albania Europe 1962 64.8 1728137 2313.
## 16 Albania Europe 1967 66.2 1984060 2760.
## 17 Albania Europe 1972 67.7 2263554 3313.
## 18 Albania Europe 1977 68.9 2509048 3533.
## 19 Albania Europe 1982 70.4 2780097 3631.
## 20 Albania Europe 1987 72 3075321 3739.When you click the Knit button a document will be generated that includes both content as well as the output of any embedded R code chunks within the document. You can knit to HTML or PDF.
Try knitting this document now by clicking the “Knit” button in the RStudio toolbar, or choosing File > Knit Document from the RStudio menu.