DATA624_Week13
John Mazon
5/11/2022
#install.packages(“arules”)
Optional Assignment on Market Basket - Week 13 Market Basket and Clusters
Excercise
Imagine 10000 receipts sitting on your table. Each receipt represents a transaction with items that were purchased. The receipt is a representation of stuff that went into a customer’s basket - and therefore ‘Market Basket Analysis’. That is exactly what the Groceries Data Set contains: a collection of receipts with each line representing 1 receipt and the items purchased. Each line is called a transaction and each column in a row represents an item. The data set is attached. Your assignment is to use R to mine the data for association rules. You should report support, confidence and lift and your top 10 rules by lift.
df <- read.transactions('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/johnm1990/DATA624/main/GroceryDataSet.csv', format = 'basket', header = FALSE, sep =',')
summary(df)## transactions as itemMatrix in sparse format with
## 9835 rows (elements/itemsets/transactions) and
## 169 columns (items) and a density of 0.02609146
##
## most frequent items:
## whole milk other vegetables rolls/buns soda
## 2513 1903 1809 1715
## yogurt (Other)
## 1372 34055
##
## element (itemset/transaction) length distribution:
## sizes
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
## 2159 1643 1299 1005 855 645 545 438 350 246 182 117 78 77 55 46
## 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 27 28 29 32
## 29 14 14 9 11 4 6 1 1 1 1 3 1
##
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.409 6.000 32.000
##
## includes extended item information - examples:
## labels
## 1 abrasive cleaner
## 2 artif. sweetener
## 3 baby cosmeticsViewing the freqs of items
itemFrequencyPlot(df, type = 'relative', topN = 20, horiz = TRUE)
#second view
itemFrequencyPlot(df, topN=20, type="relative")
#Market Basket Analysis
rules <- apriori(df, parameter=list(supp=0.001, conf=0.5), control=list(verbose=FALSE)) %>%
DATAFRAME()
rules %>%
arrange(desc(lift)) %>%
top_n(10) %>%
kable() %>% kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover", "condensed", "responsive")) %>% scroll_box(width="100%",height="400px")## Selecting by count| LHS | RHS | support | confidence | coverage | lift | count |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {root vegetables,tropical fruit} | {other vegetables} | 0.0123030 | 0.5845411 | 0.0210473 | 3.020999 | 121 |
| {rolls/buns,root vegetables} | {other vegetables} | 0.0122013 | 0.5020921 | 0.0243010 | 2.594890 | 120 |
| {root vegetables,yogurt} | {other vegetables} | 0.0129131 | 0.5000000 | 0.0258261 | 2.584078 | 127 |
| {root vegetables,yogurt} | {whole milk} | 0.0145399 | 0.5629921 | 0.0258261 | 2.203354 | 143 |
| {domestic eggs,other vegetables} | {whole milk} | 0.0123030 | 0.5525114 | 0.0222674 | 2.162336 | 121 |
| {rolls/buns,root vegetables} | {whole milk} | 0.0127097 | 0.5230126 | 0.0243010 | 2.046888 | 125 |
| {other vegetables,pip fruit} | {whole milk} | 0.0135231 | 0.5175097 | 0.0261312 | 2.025351 | 133 |
| {tropical fruit,yogurt} | {whole milk} | 0.0151500 | 0.5173611 | 0.0292832 | 2.024770 | 149 |
| {other vegetables,yogurt} | {whole milk} | 0.0222674 | 0.5128806 | 0.0434164 | 2.007235 | 219 |
| {other vegetables,whipped/sour cream} | {whole milk} | 0.0146416 | 0.5070423 | 0.0288765 | 1.984385 | 144 |
#summary of rules
summary(rules)## LHS RHS
## {butter,hard cheese,other vegetables}: 5 {whole milk} :2679
## {butter,sliced cheese,whole milk} : 5 {other vegetables}:1796
## {butter,rice} : 4 {yogurt} : 513
## {bottled beer,herbs} : 4 {root vegetables} : 287
## {cream cheese,soft cheese} : 4 {tropical fruit} : 187
## {citrus fruit,herbs,whole milk} : 4 {rolls/buns} : 56
## (Other) :5642 (Other) : 150
## support confidence coverage lift
## Min. :0.001017 Min. :0.5000 Min. :0.001017 Min. : 1.957
## 1st Qu.:0.001118 1st Qu.:0.5455 1st Qu.:0.001729 1st Qu.: 2.464
## Median :0.001322 Median :0.6000 Median :0.002135 Median : 2.899
## Mean :0.001668 Mean :0.6250 Mean :0.002788 Mean : 3.262
## 3rd Qu.:0.001729 3rd Qu.:0.6842 3rd Qu.:0.002949 3rd Qu.: 3.691
## Max. :0.022267 Max. :1.0000 Max. :0.043416 Max. :18.996
##
## count
## Min. : 10.0
## 1st Qu.: 11.0
## Median : 13.0
## Mean : 16.4
## 3rd Qu.: 17.0
## Max. :219.0
## BY LIFT / method graph
head(rules, n = 10, by = 'lift') %>%
plot(method = 'graph')## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter
## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter
# Added clustering
df <- df[,itemFrequency(df) >= 0.05]
cluster <- dissimilarity(df, which = 'items')
plot(hclust(cluster, method = 'ward.D2'))
diffrent graph visual
plot(rules, method="graph", layout=igraph::in_circle())## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.window(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "method" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "layout" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "method" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "layout" is not a
## graphical parameter
Conclusion
When we view our frequency plot you can see that it demonstrates data which the 5 most purchased items in order of frequency are whole milk, other vegetables, rolls/buns, soda, and yogurt. When we use the apriori() function it returns 410 association rules for these data. Afterwards using the is.redundant() function, this reduces the number of rules from 410 to 392. To avoid long rules, the apriori() function is run with maxlen=3 specified. This will reduce the number of rules from 410 to 29. When inspecting the top ten rules sorted by confidence shows that most of the associations are with whole milk and other vegetables which are the two most purchased items. This relationship can also be seen in the plot of the network where most arrows are pointing toward whole milk and other vegetables.