Cortical thickness in post-covid subjects
Ismael calandri
10/4/2022
Demographics features of population
PostCovid subjects
| Characteristic | N = 1691 |
|---|---|
| sexo | |
| female | 103 (61%) |
| male | 66 (39%) |
| edad | 47 (39, 59) |
| dias_evaluacion | 172 (90, 342) |
| escolaridad | 17.00 (15.00, 18.00) |
| caide_total | 4.00 (1.00, 6.00) |
| hospitalizacion | 49 (30%) |
| 1 n (%); Median (IQR) | |
Cases against controls
| Characteristic | Healthy subjects, N = 1501 | postCovid cases, N = 1691 | p-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.5 | ||
| female | 86 (57%) | 103 (61%) | |
| male | 64 (43%) | 66 (39%) | |
| Age_y | 69 (64, 73) | 47 (39, 59) | <0.001 |
| days_since_covid | NA (NA, NA) | 172 (90, 342) | |
| education | NA (NA, NA) | 17.00 (15.00, 18.00) | |
| CAIDE | NA (NA, NA) | 4.00 (1.00, 6.00) | |
| hospitalization | <0.001 | ||
| 150 (100%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| 0 | 0 (0%) | 116 (70%) | |
| 1 | 0 (0%) | 49 (30%) | |
| 1 n (%); Median (IQR) | |||
| 2 Pearson's Chi-squared test; Wilcoxon rank sum test | |||
Part 1: Are there changes in brain volume in post-Covi subjects?
Cortical thickness and volumes comparison
| Characteristic | Healthy subjects, N = 2331 | post-Covid cases, N = 821 | p-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| left-cerebral-white-matter | 12 (4, 24) | 86 (37, 96) | <0.001 |
| supratentorial_ventricles | 44 (23, 66) | 37 (17, 74) | 0.7 |
| left-cerebellum-white-matter | 80 (62, 90) | 83 (35, 96) | 0.7 |
| left-cerebellum-cortex | 32 (10, 65) | 29 (17, 57) | 0.8 |
| left-thalamus-proper* | 51 (28, 70) | 62 (31, 76) | 0.11 |
| left-caudate | 43 (22, 66) | 35 (15, 63) | 0.2 |
| left-putamen | 99 (96, 99) | 20 (6, 45) | <0.001 |
| left-pallidum | 33 (16, 62) | 21 (6, 41) | <0.001 |
| 4th-ventricle | 50 (22, 70) | 32 (19, 56) | 0.015 |
| brain-stem | 22 (11, 51) | 44 (29, 73) | <0.001 |
| left-hippocampus | 52 (15, 77) | 49 (29, 69) | 0.9 |
| left-amygdala | 78 (54, 93) | 59 (26, 89) | 0.001 |
| csf-freesurfer | 84 (70, 96) | 45 (23, 78) | <0.001 |
| left-accumbens-area | 77 (61, 83) | 37 (22, 65) | <0.001 |
| left-ventraldc | 23 (11, 53) | 40 (16, 69) | 0.040 |
| right-cerebral-white-matter | 16 (5, 29) | 85 (32, 97) | <0.001 |
| right-cerebellum-white-matter | 84 (70, 94) | 86 (51, 96) | 0.8 |
| right-cerebellum-cortex | 44 (18, 77) | 31 (17, 48) | 0.003 |
| right-thalamus-proper* | 85 (76, 96) | 49 (25, 77) | <0.001 |
| right-caudate | 75 (49, 88) | 12 (2, 39) | <0.001 |
| right-putamen | 69 (46, 83) | 34 (13, 56) | <0.001 |
| right-pallidum | 77 (56, 91) | 23 (7, 51) | <0.001 |
| right-hippocampus | 40 (15, 75) | 50 (21, 70) | 0.5 |
| right-amygdala | 32 (17, 54) | 32 (14, 77) | 0.7 |
| right-accumbens-area | 96 (89, 98) | 38 (20, 78) | <0.001 |
| right-ventraldc | 22 (8, 47) | 34 (14, 67) | 0.025 |
| ctx-lh-superior+transversetemporal | 66 (44, 86) | 21 (7, 44) | <0.001 |
| ctx-lh-cingulo | 15 (4, 29) | 27 (12, 47) | <0.001 |
| ctx-lh-frontalsuperiorandmiddle | 94 (79, 98) | 9 (2, 29) | <0.001 |
| ctx-lh-superiorparietal+postcentral | 97 (92, 99) | 4 (1, 25) | <0.001 |
| ctx-lh-inferiorparietal | 68 (38, 85) | 12 (2, 30) | <0.001 |
| ctx-lh-medialoccipital | 77 (51, 89) | 32 (11, 53) | <0.001 |
| ctx-lh-parahippocampal+fusiform+entorhinal | 99 (99, 99) | 15 (5, 39) | <0.001 |
| ctx-lh-middle+inferiortemporal+pole | 23 (11, 49) | 16 (5, 40) | 0.066 |
| ctx-lh-lateraloccipital | 99 (88, 99) | 39 (19, 58) | <0.001 |
| ctx-lh-orbitofrontal | 55 (25, 77) | 28 (8, 54) | <0.001 |
| ctx-lh-precentral+paracentral | 80 (51, 96) | 3 (1, 29) | <0.001 |
| ctx-lh-frontalinferior | 91 (76, 97) | 25 (8, 45) | <0.001 |
| ctx-lh-precuneus | 50 (24, 75) | 26 (16, 47) | <0.001 |
| ctx-lh-insula | 99 (98, 99) | 17 (4, 40) | <0.001 |
| ctx-rh-superior+transversetemporal | 48 (23, 74) | 16 (4, 27) | <0.001 |
| ctx-rh-cingulo | 24 (13, 50) | 26 (11, 53) | 0.9 |
| ctx-rh-frontalsuperiorandmiddle | 82 (66, 95) | 15 (2, 32) | <0.001 |
| ctx-rh-superiorparietal+postcentral | 96 (85, 98) | 4 (1, 33) | <0.001 |
| ctx-rh-inferiorparietal | 74 (46, 89) | 19 (6, 46) | <0.001 |
| ctx-rh-medialoccipital | 67 (40, 85) | 37 (12, 58) | <0.001 |
| ctx-rh-parahippocampal+fusiform+entorhinal | 99 (92, 99) | 16 (4, 35) | <0.001 |
| ctx-rh-middle+inferiortemporal+pole | 36 (15, 60) | 17 (5, 33) | <0.001 |
| ctx-rh-lateraloccipital | 9 (2, 38) | 37 (15, 52) | <0.001 |
| ctx-rh-orbitofrontal | 90 (76, 97) | 19 (3, 39) | <0.001 |
| ctx-rh-precentral+paracentral | 92 (73, 98) | 11 (3, 41) | <0.001 |
| ctx-rh-frontalinferior | 85 (56, 98) | 21 (6, 44) | <0.001 |
| ctx-rh-precuneus | 90 (71, 97) | 37 (19, 63) | <0.001 |
| ctx-rh-insula | 99 (99, 99) | 12 (3, 31) | <0.001 |
| brain | |||
| -1 | 233 (100%) | 82 (100%) | |
| wm | 19 (7, 34) | 88 (30, 96) | <0.001 |
| gm | 84 (65, 95) | 6 (4, 23) | <0.001 |
| csf | 53 (21, 79) | 71 (41, 85) | <0.001 |
| cerebellum | 51 (19, 79) | 47 (25, 68) | 0.4 |
| bpf | 48 (22, 73) | 46 (23, 66) | 0.3 |
| gctx-lh-frontal | 82 (63, 94) | 12 (3, 30) | <0.001 |
| gctx-lh-insula | 99 (98, 99) | 17 (4, 40) | <0.001 |
| gctx-lh-occipital | 96 (80, 99) | 34 (12, 52) | <0.001 |
| gctx-lh-parietal | 85 (69, 96) | 4 (1, 25) | <0.001 |
| gctx-lh-temporal | 78 (57, 95) | 18 (3, 31) | <0.001 |
| gctx-rh-frontal | 82 (62, 95) | 12 (3, 31) | <0.001 |
| gctx-rh-insula | 99 (99, 99) | 12 (3, 31) | <0.001 |
| gctx-rh-occipital | 40 (13, 68) | 34 (12, 58) | 0.2 |
| gctx-rh-parietal | 93 (79, 97) | 10 (2, 31) | <0.001 |
| gctx-rh-temporal | 69 (36, 85) | 12 (4, 22) | <0.001 |
| gctx-bilat-frontal | 83 (64, 95) | 13 (3, 29) | <0.001 |
| gctx-bilat-insula | 99 (99, 99) | 15 (3, 35) | <0.001 |
| gctx-bilat-occipital | 76 (44, 91) | 30 (12, 56) | <0.001 |
| gctx-bilat-parietal | 90 (77, 96) | 7 (1, 26) | <0.001 |
| gctx-bilat-temporal | 73 (44, 91) | 14 (4, 27) | <0.001 |
| 1 Median (IQR); n (%) | |||
| 2 Wilcoxon rank sum test | |||
Cortical thickness (only) comparison
| Characteristic | Healthy subjects, N = 2331 | post-Covid cases, N = 821 | p-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| ctx-lh-superior+transversetemporal | 66 (44, 86) | 21 (7, 44) | <0.001 |
| ctx-lh-cingulo | 15 (4, 29) | 27 (12, 47) | <0.001 |
| ctx-lh-frontalsuperiorandmiddle | 94 (79, 98) | 9 (2, 29) | <0.001 |
| ctx-lh-superiorparietal+postcentral | 97 (92, 99) | 4 (1, 25) | <0.001 |
| ctx-lh-inferiorparietal | 68 (38, 85) | 12 (2, 30) | <0.001 |
| ctx-lh-medialoccipital | 77 (51, 89) | 32 (11, 53) | <0.001 |
| ctx-lh-parahippocampal+fusiform+entorhinal | 99 (99, 99) | 15 (5, 39) | <0.001 |
| ctx-lh-middle+inferiortemporal+pole | 23 (11, 49) | 16 (5, 40) | 0.066 |
| ctx-lh-lateraloccipital | 99 (88, 99) | 39 (19, 58) | <0.001 |
| ctx-lh-orbitofrontal | 55 (25, 77) | 28 (8, 54) | <0.001 |
| ctx-lh-precentral+paracentral | 80 (51, 96) | 3 (1, 29) | <0.001 |
| ctx-lh-frontalinferior | 91 (76, 97) | 25 (8, 45) | <0.001 |
| ctx-lh-precuneus | 50 (24, 75) | 26 (16, 47) | <0.001 |
| ctx-lh-insula | 99 (98, 99) | 17 (4, 40) | <0.001 |
| ctx-rh-superior+transversetemporal | 48 (23, 74) | 16 (4, 27) | <0.001 |
| ctx-rh-cingulo | 24 (13, 50) | 26 (11, 53) | 0.9 |
| ctx-rh-frontalsuperiorandmiddle | 82 (66, 95) | 15 (2, 32) | <0.001 |
| ctx-rh-superiorparietal+postcentral | 96 (85, 98) | 4 (1, 33) | <0.001 |
| ctx-rh-inferiorparietal | 74 (46, 89) | 19 (6, 46) | <0.001 |
| ctx-rh-medialoccipital | 67 (40, 85) | 37 (12, 58) | <0.001 |
| ctx-rh-parahippocampal+fusiform+entorhinal | 99 (92, 99) | 16 (4, 35) | <0.001 |
| ctx-rh-middle+inferiortemporal+pole | 36 (15, 60) | 17 (5, 33) | <0.001 |
| ctx-rh-lateraloccipital | 9 (2, 38) | 37 (15, 52) | <0.001 |
| ctx-rh-orbitofrontal | 90 (76, 97) | 19 (3, 39) | <0.001 |
| ctx-rh-precentral+paracentral | 92 (73, 98) | 11 (3, 41) | <0.001 |
| ctx-rh-frontalinferior | 85 (56, 98) | 21 (6, 44) | <0.001 |
| ctx-rh-precuneus | 90 (71, 97) | 37 (19, 63) | <0.001 |
| ctx-rh-insula | 99 (99, 99) | 12 (3, 31) | <0.001 |
| gctx-lh-frontal | 82 (63, 94) | 12 (3, 30) | <0.001 |
| gctx-lh-insula | 99 (98, 99) | 17 (4, 40) | <0.001 |
| gctx-lh-occipital | 96 (80, 99) | 34 (12, 52) | <0.001 |
| gctx-lh-parietal | 85 (69, 96) | 4 (1, 25) | <0.001 |
| gctx-lh-temporal | 78 (57, 95) | 18 (3, 31) | <0.001 |
| gctx-rh-frontal | 82 (62, 95) | 12 (3, 31) | <0.001 |
| gctx-rh-insula | 99 (99, 99) | 12 (3, 31) | <0.001 |
| gctx-rh-occipital | 40 (13, 68) | 34 (12, 58) | 0.2 |
| gctx-rh-parietal | 93 (79, 97) | 10 (2, 31) | <0.001 |
| gctx-rh-temporal | 69 (36, 85) | 12 (4, 22) | <0.001 |
| gctx-bilat-frontal | 83 (64, 95) | 13 (3, 29) | <0.001 |
| gctx-bilat-insula | 99 (99, 99) | 15 (3, 35) | <0.001 |
| gctx-bilat-occipital | 76 (44, 91) | 30 (12, 56) | <0.001 |
| gctx-bilat-parietal | 90 (77, 96) | 7 (1, 26) | <0.001 |
| gctx-bilat-temporal | 73 (44, 91) | 14 (4, 27) | <0.001 |
| 1 Median (IQR) | |||
| 2 Wilcoxon rank sum test | |||
Multiple comparison correction
| variables | .y. | group1 | group2 | n1 | n2 | statistic | df | p | p.adj | p.adj.signif |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ctx-lh-cingulo | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | -3.5106042 | 118.88554 | 6.33e-04 | 0.0272190 |
|
| ctx-lh-frontalinferior | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 17.3382886 | 119.40721 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| ctx-lh-frontalsuperiorandmiddle | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 22.8440049 | 127.68219 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| ctx-lh-inferiorparietal | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 11.8917912 | 166.17454 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| ctx-lh-insula | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 27.0787515 | 87.74198 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| ctx-lh-lateraloccipital | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 14.4266519 | 119.73764 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| ctx-lh-medialoccipital | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 9.9103752 | 132.51683 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| ctx-lh-middle+inferiortemporal+pole | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 1.6863424 | 149.34193 | 9.38e-02 | 1.0000000 | ns |
| ctx-lh-orbitofrontal | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 5.4654285 | 145.45663 | 2.00e-07 | 0.0000084 | **** |
| ctx-lh-parahippocampal+fusiform+entorhinal | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 27.0852417 | 83.83608 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| ctx-lh-precentral+paracentral | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 13.9106422 | 138.53160 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| ctx-lh-precuneus | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 4.5534783 | 152.43647 | 1.07e-05 | 0.0004601 | *** |
| ctx-lh-superior+transversetemporal | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 10.4440127 | 150.28492 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| ctx-lh-superiorparietal+postcentral | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 22.7221851 | 98.22728 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| ctx-rh-cingulo | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | -0.4079885 | 129.90957 | 6.84e-01 | 1.0000000 | ns |
| ctx-rh-frontalinferior | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 15.4295549 | 184.19230 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| ctx-rh-frontalsuperiorandmiddle | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 18.3312557 | 143.38600 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| ctx-rh-inferiorparietal | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 11.4453087 | 143.62718 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| ctx-rh-insula | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 28.6187662 | 82.67600 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| ctx-rh-lateraloccipital | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | -4.4921571 | 138.49520 | 1.47e-05 | 0.0006321 | *** |
| ctx-rh-medialoccipital | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 6.5145736 | 133.30527 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000001 | **** |
| ctx-rh-middle+inferiortemporal+pole | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 4.5759351 | 158.39391 | 9.50e-06 | 0.0004094 | *** |
| ctx-rh-orbitofrontal | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 19.7889016 | 127.82713 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| ctx-rh-parahippocampal+fusiform+entorhinal | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 26.8248460 | 99.92703 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| ctx-rh-precentral+paracentral | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 18.3354838 | 130.71144 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| ctx-rh-precuneus | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 10.9495178 | 116.75408 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| ctx-rh-superior+transversetemporal | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 8.8991946 | 174.51312 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| ctx-rh-superiorparietal+postcentral | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 21.2755026 | 104.56277 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| gctx-bilat-frontal | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 19.5672865 | 158.25974 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| gctx-bilat-insula | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 29.7439847 | 83.07288 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| gctx-bilat-occipital | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 8.7301079 | 148.88314 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| gctx-bilat-parietal | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 21.1988563 | 121.37460 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| gctx-bilat-temporal | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 16.6824779 | 198.80285 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| gctx-lh-frontal | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 18.8796851 | 156.76583 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| gctx-lh-insula | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 27.0787515 | 87.74198 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| gctx-lh-occipital | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 14.4185718 | 124.88732 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| gctx-lh-parietal | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 19.3977133 | 134.36179 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| gctx-lh-temporal | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 17.0254779 | 181.08823 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| gctx-rh-frontal | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 19.3409749 | 159.25002 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| gctx-rh-insula | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 28.9291337 | 83.75084 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| gctx-rh-occipital | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 1.2789678 | 149.33419 | 2.03e-01 | 1.0000000 | ns |
| gctx-rh-parietal | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 21.4173589 | 114.09030 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| gctx-rh-temporal | value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 233 | 82 | 14.5810144 | 200.53015 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
Effect size
| .y. | group1 | group2 | effsize | variables | n1 | n2 | magnitude |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | -0.4745896 | ctx-lh-cingulo | 233 | 82 | small |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 2.3403430 | ctx-lh-frontalinferior | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 3.0213813 | ctx-lh-frontalsuperiorandmiddle | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 1.4640102 | ctx-lh-inferiorparietal | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 4.0832034 | ctx-lh-insula | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 1.9461357 | ctx-lh-lateraloccipital | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 1.2971438 | ctx-lh-medialoccipital | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 0.2135698 | ctx-lh-middle+inferiortemporal+pole | 233 | 82 | small |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 0.6970773 | ctx-lh-orbitofrontal | 233 | 82 | moderate |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 4.1648930 | ctx-lh-parahippocampal+fusiform+entorhinal | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 1.7971945 | ctx-lh-precentral+paracentral | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 0.5734094 | ctx-lh-precuneus | 233 | 82 | moderate |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 1.3204962 | ctx-lh-superior+transversetemporal | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 3.2777337 | ctx-lh-superiorparietal+postcentral | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | -0.0536995 | ctx-rh-cingulo | 233 | 82 | negligible |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 1.8506567 | ctx-rh-frontalinferior | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 2.3465735 | ctx-rh-frontalsuperiorandmiddle | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 1.4639960 | ctx-rh-inferiorparietal | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 4.4295105 | ctx-rh-insula | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | -0.5806882 | ctx-rh-lateraloccipital | 233 | 82 | moderate |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 0.8512304 | ctx-rh-medialoccipital | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 0.5706876 | ctx-rh-middle+inferiortemporal+pole | 233 | 82 | moderate |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 2.6173597 | ctx-rh-orbitofrontal | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 3.8448254 | ctx-rh-parahippocampal+fusiform+entorhinal | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 2.4084454 | ctx-rh-precentral+paracentral | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 1.4886845 | ctx-rh-precuneus | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 1.0831331 | ctx-rh-superior+transversetemporal | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 3.0005303 | ctx-rh-superiorparietal+postcentral | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 2.4408657 | gctx-bilat-frontal | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 4.5923296 | gctx-bilat-insula | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 1.1065442 | gctx-bilat-occipital | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 2.8477681 | gctx-bilat-parietal | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 1.9674121 | gctx-bilat-temporal | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 2.3608607 | gctx-lh-frontal | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 4.0832034 | gctx-lh-insula | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 1.9202731 | gctx-lh-occipital | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 2.5289240 | gctx-lh-parietal | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 2.0535023 | gctx-lh-temporal | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 2.4087723 | gctx-rh-frontal | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 4.4504269 | gctx-rh-insula | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 0.1619794 | gctx-rh-occipital | 233 | 82 | negligible |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 2.9335887 | gctx-rh-parietal | 233 | 82 | large |
| value | Healthy subjects | post-Covid cases | 1.7160328 | gctx-rh-temporal | 233 | 82 | large |
Part 2: Do these differences justify the cognitive symptomatology?
Cognitive clusters
###Ideal number of clusters
Cluster solution
## Maximum Iteration 1000 will be used.
## Default threshold 1e-9 will be used.
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## Membership initialiazed randomly
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## Finish :)Bi-plot
Radar-plot
Clusters comparison
| variables | .y. | group1 | group2 | n1 | n2 | statistic | df | p | p.adj | p.adj.signif |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| benson_copia_z | value | Subtle cognition impairment (cluster 2) | Cognition impairment (cluster 1) | 60 | 82 | -2.271893 | 96.43348 | 2.53e-02 | 0.3036000 | ns |
| benson_diferido_z | value | Subtle cognition impairment (cluster 2) | Cognition impairment (cluster 1) | 60 | 82 | -4.224166 | 92.87678 | 5.59e-05 | 0.0006708 | *** |
| digitos_directos_z | value | Subtle cognition impairment (cluster 2) | Cognition impairment (cluster 1) | 60 | 82 | -4.374405 | 114.12234 | 2.71e-05 | 0.0003252 | *** |
| digitos_inversos_z | value | Subtle cognition impairment (cluster 2) | Cognition impairment (cluster 1) | 60 | 82 | -6.344185 | 135.55628 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| fluencia_fon_p_z | value | Subtle cognition impairment (cluster 2) | Cognition impairment (cluster 1) | 60 | 82 | -6.939875 | 139.36466 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
| mint_z | value | Subtle cognition impairment (cluster 2) | Cognition impairment (cluster 1) | 60 | 82 | -5.202769 | 96.41848 | 1.10e-06 | 0.0000132 | **** |
| moca_z | value | Subtle cognition impairment (cluster 2) | Cognition impairment (cluster 1) | 60 | 82 | -4.358538 | 94.64753 | 3.32e-05 | 0.0003984 | *** |
| ravlt_diferido_z | value | Subtle cognition impairment (cluster 2) | Cognition impairment (cluster 1) | 60 | 82 | -3.466894 | 107.38783 | 7.58e-04 | 0.0090960 | ** |
| ravlt_reconocimiento_z | value | Subtle cognition impairment (cluster 2) | Cognition impairment (cluster 1) | 60 | 82 | -4.286992 | 94.43508 | 4.37e-05 | 0.0005244 | *** |
| ravlt_total_z | value | Subtle cognition impairment (cluster 2) | Cognition impairment (cluster 1) | 60 | 82 | -4.584115 | 117.99467 | 1.14e-05 | 0.0001368 | *** |
| tmt_a_z | value | Subtle cognition impairment (cluster 2) | Cognition impairment (cluster 1) | 60 | 82 | -5.188815 | 70.84706 | 1.90e-06 | 0.0000232 | **** |
| tmt_b_z | value | Subtle cognition impairment (cluster 2) | Cognition impairment (cluster 1) | 60 | 82 | -10.247613 | 73.48536 | 0.00e+00 | 0.0000000 | **** |
Clusters effect size
| .y. | group1 | group2 | effsize | variables | n1 | n2 | magnitude |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| value | Subtle cognition impairment (cluster 2) | Cognition impairment (cluster 1) | -0.3972142 | benson_copia_z | 60 | 82 | small |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment (cluster 2) | Cognition impairment (cluster 1) | -0.7410213 | benson_diferido_z | 60 | 82 | moderate |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment (cluster 2) | Cognition impairment (cluster 1) | -0.7526678 | digitos_directos_z | 60 | 82 | moderate |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment (cluster 2) | Cognition impairment (cluster 1) | -1.0665757 | digitos_inversos_z | 60 | 82 | large |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment (cluster 2) | Cognition impairment (cluster 1) | -1.1566853 | fluencia_fon_p_z | 60 | 82 | large |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment (cluster 2) | Cognition impairment (cluster 1) | -0.9096569 | mint_z | 60 | 82 | large |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment (cluster 2) | Cognition impairment (cluster 1) | -0.7633137 | moca_z | 60 | 82 | moderate |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment (cluster 2) | Cognition impairment (cluster 1) | -0.6001445 | ravlt_diferido_z | 60 | 82 | moderate |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment (cluster 2) | Cognition impairment (cluster 1) | -0.7509337 | ravlt_reconocimiento_z | 60 | 82 | moderate |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment (cluster 2) | Cognition impairment (cluster 1) | -0.7859540 | ravlt_total_z | 60 | 82 | moderate |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment (cluster 2) | Cognition impairment (cluster 1) | -0.9319694 | tmt_a_z | 60 | 82 | large |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment (cluster 2) | Cognition impairment (cluster 1) | -1.8347154 | tmt_b_z | 60 | 82 | large |
MRI btw cognitive clusters
## spec_tbl_df [142 x 95] (S3: spec_tbl_df/tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
## $ ...1 : num [1:142] 65 57 107 113 34 100 89 64 41 87 ...
## $ moca_z : num [1:142] -2.91 -1.59 0.52 -1.83 -0.77 0.57 -2.8 -0.3 -1.8 0.57 ...
## $ ravlt_total_z : num [1:142] -1.07 -2.12 -0.66 -1.24 -0.65 0.2 -1.12 -0.92 -1.39 0.17 ...
## $ ravlt_diferido_z : num [1:142] -2.24 -1.86 0.04 -1.9 0.56 0.16 -0.48 -0.07 -0.48 0.64 ...
## $ ravlt_reconocimiento_z : num [1:142] -0.45 -1.37 0.31 -0.89 0 0.45 0.96 0.74 0.96 0.74 ...
## $ benson_diferido_z : num [1:142] -1.17 0.56 -0.17 -0.5 -1.48 0.5 -0.41 -1.17 -0.41 1.33 ...
## $ mint_z : num [1:142] 0.4 -1.05 -1.39 -0.14 -0.52 -0.8 -2 -0.8 0.22 -1.6 ...
## $ fluencia_fon_p_z : num [1:142] 0.22 0.31 -1.15 0.71 -1.73 -0.76 -0.07 0.31 -0.4 -0.66 ...
## $ digitos_directos_z : num [1:142] -1.49 -2.67 -1.49 0.15 -3.85 -2.67 -0.62 -2.67 -2.15 -1.49 ...
## $ digitos_inversos_z : num [1:142] -0.11 -1.22 -0.11 -0.21 -2.33 -2.33 -1.08 -2.33 -1.08 -0.11 ...
## $ tmt_a_z : num [1:142] -1.33 -0.41 -0.16 -0.4 -0.44 0.15 -1.43 -0.76 -0.16 -0.99 ...
## $ tmt_b_z : num [1:142] -6.13 -4.8 0.16 -1.23 -3.93 0.45 -0.39 -0.75 0.07 -2.94 ...
## $ benson_copia_z : num [1:142] -0.67 1 0.36 0.09 0.36 0.17 -0.82 0.17 1 0.17 ...
## $ historia_clinica : num [1:142] 75 66 119 128 40 111 100 74 48 97 ...
## $ nombre : chr [1:142] "MARISOL" "CARLA LORENA," "DAIRA," "HUGO EDUARDO," ...
## $ surname : chr [1:142] "ABACA" "ALMA" "ALMEYDA" "ALPIREZ" ...
## $ cluster : num [1:142] 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 ...
## $ group : chr [1:142] "Subtle cognition impairment" "Subtle cognition impairment" "Cognition impairment" "Subtle cognition impairment" ...
## $ Nombre : chr [1:142] NA NA NA "Alpirez" ...
## $ left-cerebral-white-matter : num [1:142] NA NA NA 47.4 83.9 63.6 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ supratentorial_ventricles : num [1:142] NA NA NA 18.8 9.7 30.8 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ left-cerebellum-white-matter : num [1:142] NA NA NA 22.2 96.1 50.7 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ left-cerebellum-cortex : num [1:142] NA NA NA 26.6 24.8 42.1 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ left-thalamus-proper* : num [1:142] NA NA NA 56.3 79.9 12.5 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ left-caudate : num [1:142] NA NA NA 15.4 53.6 58.2 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ left-putamen : num [1:142] NA NA NA 20.5 5.4 16.2 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ left-pallidum : num [1:142] NA NA NA 71 18.9 7.5 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ 4th-ventricle : num [1:142] NA NA NA 36.4 5.6 30.1 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ brain-stem : num [1:142] NA NA NA 48.2 67.8 23.8 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ left-hippocampus : num [1:142] NA NA NA 18.1 59.6 67.4 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ left-amygdala : num [1:142] NA NA NA 41.7 87.9 98.3 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ csf-freesurfer : num [1:142] NA NA NA 47.7 19.7 96.1 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ left-accumbens-area : num [1:142] NA NA NA 45.7 19.2 35 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ left-ventraldc : num [1:142] NA NA NA 69.6 10.6 4.7 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ right-cerebral-white-matter : num [1:142] NA NA NA 51.9 83.4 71.6 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ right-cerebellum-white-matter : num [1:142] NA NA NA 24.1 92 81.8 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ right-cerebellum-cortex : num [1:142] NA NA NA 35 25.3 39 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ right-thalamus-proper* : num [1:142] NA NA NA 49.1 32.6 5 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ right-caudate : num [1:142] NA NA NA 22.3 3.4 22.6 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ right-putamen : num [1:142] NA NA NA 35.9 15.5 11.7 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ right-pallidum : num [1:142] NA NA NA 78.6 28.4 2.5 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ right-hippocampus : num [1:142] NA NA NA 20.4 49.6 23.4 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ right-amygdala : num [1:142] NA NA NA 52.2 79.6 1 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ right-accumbens-area : num [1:142] NA NA NA 68.7 19.1 21.7 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ right-ventraldc : num [1:142] NA NA NA 54.8 24.9 3.9 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-lh-superior+transversetemporal : num [1:142] NA NA NA 55.3 8.4 44.5 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-lh-cingulo : num [1:142] NA NA NA 86.7 35.3 22.2 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-lh-frontalsuperiorandmiddle : num [1:142] NA NA NA 49.7 23.4 5.8 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-lh-superiorparietal+postcentral : num [1:142] NA NA NA 49.9 47.3 4 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-lh-inferiorparietal : num [1:142] NA NA NA 28.6 28.7 2.1 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-lh-medialoccipital : num [1:142] NA NA NA 81.4 49.3 54.8 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-lh-parahippocampal+fusiform+entorhinal: num [1:142] NA NA NA 72.6 17.5 5.6 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-lh-middle+inferiortemporal+pole : num [1:142] NA NA NA 55 55.9 12.8 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-lh-lateraloccipital : num [1:142] NA NA NA 86.7 90.4 83.3 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-lh-orbitofrontal : num [1:142] NA NA NA 61.1 30.5 46.5 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-lh-precentral+paracentral : num [1:142] NA NA NA 59.2 2.5 1.8 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-lh-frontalinferior : num [1:142] NA NA NA 56.7 34.2 13.6 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-lh-precuneus : num [1:142] NA NA NA 33.3 55.2 22.8 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-lh-insula : num [1:142] NA NA NA 32.4 22 3.4 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-rh-superior+transversetemporal : num [1:142] NA NA NA 32.3 24.7 1 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-rh-cingulo : num [1:142] NA NA NA 62.8 18.5 16.5 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-rh-frontalsuperiorandmiddle : num [1:142] NA NA NA 64.3 50.4 16.9 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-rh-superiorparietal+postcentral : num [1:142] NA NA NA 34.1 49 8.1 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-rh-inferiorparietal : num [1:142] NA NA NA 86.2 21.5 5.5 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-rh-medialoccipital : num [1:142] NA NA NA 84.3 59 68.5 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-rh-parahippocampal+fusiform+entorhinal: num [1:142] NA NA NA 47.1 33.5 3.2 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-rh-middle+inferiortemporal+pole : num [1:142] NA NA NA 14.1 63.9 24.1 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-rh-lateraloccipital : num [1:142] NA NA NA 78.5 74.7 84.6 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-rh-orbitofrontal : num [1:142] NA NA NA 39.2 23 17.6 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-rh-precentral+paracentral : num [1:142] NA NA NA 53.7 3.3 3.6 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-rh-frontalinferior : num [1:142] NA NA NA 43.1 33.2 1 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-rh-precuneus : num [1:142] NA NA NA 18.7 54.7 43.9 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ctx-rh-insula : num [1:142] NA NA NA 62.3 15 2 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ brain : num [1:142] NA NA NA -1 -1 -1 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wm : num [1:142] NA NA NA 46.3 86.2 66.1 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ gm : num [1:142] NA NA NA 48.8 22.9 6.4 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ csf : num [1:142] NA NA NA 76.5 54.9 81.9 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ cerebellum : num [1:142] NA NA NA 24.8 54.2 46.6 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ bpf : num [1:142] NA NA NA 44.4 64.8 26.1 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ evans : logi [1:142] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ gctx-lh-frontal : num [1:142] NA NA NA 62.7 23 9.6 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ gctx-lh-insula : num [1:142] NA NA NA 32.4 22 3.4 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ gctx-lh-occipital : num [1:142] NA NA NA 88.8 79 76.8 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ gctx-lh-parietal : num [1:142] NA NA NA 39.8 22.1 1.2 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ gctx-lh-temporal : num [1:142] NA NA NA 61.6 23 12.9 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ gctx-rh-frontal : num [1:142] NA NA NA 57.7 35.6 5.6 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ gctx-rh-insula : num [1:142] NA NA NA 62.3 15 2 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ gctx-rh-occipital : num [1:142] NA NA NA 85.6 70.2 80.5 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ gctx-rh-parietal : num [1:142] NA NA NA 57 21.1 4.6 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ gctx-rh-temporal : num [1:142] NA NA NA 19.8 41.4 4.6 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ gctx-bilat-frontal : num [1:142] NA NA NA 60.4 28 7.5 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ gctx-bilat-insula : num [1:142] NA NA NA 47.1 18.2 2.3 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ gctx-bilat-occipital : num [1:142] NA NA NA 88.5 76.6 79.6 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ gctx-bilat-parietal : num [1:142] NA NA NA 47.8 21.2 2.9 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ gctx-bilat-temporal : num [1:142] NA NA NA 38.4 31.8 8 NA NA NA NA ...
## - attr(*, "spec")=
## .. cols(
## .. ...1 = col_double(),
## .. moca_z = col_double(),
## .. ravlt_total_z = col_double(),
## .. ravlt_diferido_z = col_double(),
## .. ravlt_reconocimiento_z = col_double(),
## .. benson_diferido_z = col_double(),
## .. mint_z = col_double(),
## .. fluencia_fon_p_z = col_double(),
## .. digitos_directos_z = col_double(),
## .. digitos_inversos_z = col_double(),
## .. tmt_a_z = col_double(),
## .. tmt_b_z = col_double(),
## .. benson_copia_z = col_double(),
## .. historia_clinica = col_double(),
## .. nombre = col_character(),
## .. surname = col_character(),
## .. cluster = col_double(),
## .. group = col_character(),
## .. Nombre = col_character(),
## .. `left-cerebral-white-matter` = col_double(),
## .. supratentorial_ventricles = col_double(),
## .. `left-cerebellum-white-matter` = col_double(),
## .. `left-cerebellum-cortex` = col_double(),
## .. `left-thalamus-proper*` = col_double(),
## .. `left-caudate` = col_double(),
## .. `left-putamen` = col_double(),
## .. `left-pallidum` = col_double(),
## .. `4th-ventricle` = col_double(),
## .. `brain-stem` = col_double(),
## .. `left-hippocampus` = col_double(),
## .. `left-amygdala` = col_double(),
## .. `csf-freesurfer` = col_double(),
## .. `left-accumbens-area` = col_double(),
## .. `left-ventraldc` = col_double(),
## .. `right-cerebral-white-matter` = col_double(),
## .. `right-cerebellum-white-matter` = col_double(),
## .. `right-cerebellum-cortex` = col_double(),
## .. `right-thalamus-proper*` = col_double(),
## .. `right-caudate` = col_double(),
## .. `right-putamen` = col_double(),
## .. `right-pallidum` = col_double(),
## .. `right-hippocampus` = col_double(),
## .. `right-amygdala` = col_double(),
## .. `right-accumbens-area` = col_double(),
## .. `right-ventraldc` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-lh-superior+transversetemporal` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-lh-cingulo` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-lh-frontalsuperiorandmiddle` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-lh-superiorparietal+postcentral` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-lh-inferiorparietal` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-lh-medialoccipital` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-lh-parahippocampal+fusiform+entorhinal` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-lh-middle+inferiortemporal+pole` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-lh-lateraloccipital` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-lh-orbitofrontal` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-lh-precentral+paracentral` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-lh-frontalinferior` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-lh-precuneus` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-lh-insula` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-rh-superior+transversetemporal` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-rh-cingulo` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-rh-frontalsuperiorandmiddle` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-rh-superiorparietal+postcentral` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-rh-inferiorparietal` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-rh-medialoccipital` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-rh-parahippocampal+fusiform+entorhinal` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-rh-middle+inferiortemporal+pole` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-rh-lateraloccipital` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-rh-orbitofrontal` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-rh-precentral+paracentral` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-rh-frontalinferior` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-rh-precuneus` = col_double(),
## .. `ctx-rh-insula` = col_double(),
## .. brain = col_double(),
## .. wm = col_double(),
## .. gm = col_double(),
## .. csf = col_double(),
## .. cerebellum = col_double(),
## .. bpf = col_double(),
## .. evans = col_logical(),
## .. `gctx-lh-frontal` = col_double(),
## .. `gctx-lh-insula` = col_double(),
## .. `gctx-lh-occipital` = col_double(),
## .. `gctx-lh-parietal` = col_double(),
## .. `gctx-lh-temporal` = col_double(),
## .. `gctx-rh-frontal` = col_double(),
## .. `gctx-rh-insula` = col_double(),
## .. `gctx-rh-occipital` = col_double(),
## .. `gctx-rh-parietal` = col_double(),
## .. `gctx-rh-temporal` = col_double(),
## .. `gctx-bilat-frontal` = col_double(),
## .. `gctx-bilat-insula` = col_double(),
## .. `gctx-bilat-occipital` = col_double(),
## .. `gctx-bilat-parietal` = col_double(),
## .. `gctx-bilat-temporal` = col_double()
## .. )
## - attr(*, "problems")=<externalptr>| variables | .y. | group1 | group2 | n1 | n2 | statistic | df | p | p.adj | p.adj.signif |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ctx-lh-cingulo | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | 0.0726560 | 25.00856 | 0.9430 | 1 | ns |
| ctx-lh-frontalinferior | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -1.0971230 | 27.34064 | 0.2820 | 1 | ns |
| ctx-lh-frontalsuperiorandmiddle | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -0.5110081 | 28.74986 | 0.6130 | 1 | ns |
| ctx-lh-inferiorparietal | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -1.1082901 | 28.39619 | 0.2770 | 1 | ns |
| ctx-lh-insula | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -2.3752644 | 32.69561 | 0.0236 | 1 | ns |
| ctx-lh-lateraloccipital | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -0.0347597 | 22.60974 | 0.9730 | 1 | ns |
| ctx-lh-medialoccipital | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -0.3216330 | 25.43224 | 0.7500 | 1 | ns |
| ctx-lh-middle+inferiortemporal+pole | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | 0.3881564 | 27.86295 | 0.7010 | 1 | ns |
| ctx-lh-orbitofrontal | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -0.6921899 | 27.26786 | 0.4950 | 1 | ns |
| ctx-lh-parahippocampal+fusiform+entorhinal | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -1.1345901 | 28.69973 | 0.2660 | 1 | ns |
| ctx-lh-precentral+paracentral | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -0.7514565 | 29.66359 | 0.4580 | 1 | ns |
| ctx-lh-precuneus | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -2.0994251 | 30.94106 | 0.0440 | 1 | ns |
| ctx-lh-superior+transversetemporal | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -1.3096039 | 26.57695 | 0.2020 | 1 | ns |
| ctx-lh-superiorparietal+postcentral | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -0.2646421 | 27.10228 | 0.7930 | 1 | ns |
| ctx-rh-cingulo | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -0.0051896 | 26.53512 | 0.9960 | 1 | ns |
| ctx-rh-frontalinferior | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -1.2144990 | 24.82030 | 0.2360 | 1 | ns |
| ctx-rh-frontalsuperiorandmiddle | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -0.4399184 | 27.15625 | 0.6630 | 1 | ns |
| ctx-rh-inferiorparietal | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -1.0121999 | 23.19422 | 0.3220 | 1 | ns |
| ctx-rh-insula | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -1.7051161 | 32.78908 | 0.0976 | 1 | ns |
| ctx-rh-lateraloccipital | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -0.1620223 | 23.87156 | 0.8730 | 1 | ns |
| ctx-rh-medialoccipital | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -0.3207471 | 26.30517 | 0.7510 | 1 | ns |
| ctx-rh-middle+inferiortemporal+pole | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | 0.9319849 | 20.76781 | 0.3620 | 1 | ns |
| ctx-rh-orbitofrontal | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -0.0606730 | 23.11230 | 0.9520 | 1 | ns |
| ctx-rh-parahippocampal+fusiform+entorhinal | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -1.5993563 | 32.98314 | 0.1190 | 1 | ns |
| ctx-rh-precentral+paracentral | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -0.6777703 | 29.74761 | 0.5030 | 1 | ns |
| ctx-rh-precuneus | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -1.2570984 | 27.09733 | 0.2190 | 1 | ns |
| ctx-rh-superior+transversetemporal | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -0.2202344 | 23.52024 | 0.8280 | 1 | ns |
| ctx-rh-superiorparietal+postcentral | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -0.3663421 | 24.91805 | 0.7170 | 1 | ns |
| gctx-bilat-frontal | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -0.4568207 | 26.49666 | 0.6520 | 1 | ns |
| gctx-bilat-insula | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -2.0583806 | 32.98657 | 0.0475 | 1 | ns |
| gctx-bilat-occipital | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -0.1239067 | 23.85973 | 0.9020 | 1 | ns |
| gctx-bilat-parietal | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -0.6634774 | 26.08645 | 0.5130 | 1 | ns |
| gctx-bilat-temporal | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | 0.0116502 | 29.34187 | 0.9910 | 1 | ns |
| gctx-lh-frontal | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -0.5231558 | 27.60506 | 0.6050 | 1 | ns |
| gctx-lh-insula | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -2.3752644 | 32.69561 | 0.0236 | 1 | ns |
| gctx-lh-occipital | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -0.1486144 | 22.48108 | 0.8830 | 1 | ns |
| gctx-lh-parietal | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -0.8214834 | 28.07935 | 0.4180 | 1 | ns |
| gctx-lh-temporal | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -0.2779968 | 29.77240 | 0.7830 | 1 | ns |
| gctx-rh-frontal | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -0.3939474 | 25.11988 | 0.6970 | 1 | ns |
| gctx-rh-insula | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -1.7051161 | 32.78908 | 0.0976 | 1 | ns |
| gctx-rh-occipital | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -0.3243290 | 25.66778 | 0.7480 | 1 | ns |
| gctx-rh-parietal | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | -0.6688853 | 23.88742 | 0.5100 | 1 | ns |
| gctx-rh-temporal | value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 14 | 21 | 0.2383587 | 24.27835 | 0.8140 | 1 | ns |
| .y. | group1 | group2 | effsize | variables | n1 | n2 | magnitude |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 0.0254433 | ctx-lh-cingulo | 14 | 21 | negligible |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.3798311 | ctx-lh-frontalinferior | 14 | 21 | small |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.1756501 | ctx-lh-frontalsuperiorandmiddle | 14 | 21 | negligible |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.3816563 | ctx-lh-inferiorparietal | 14 | 21 | small |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.7794575 | ctx-lh-insula | 14 | 21 | moderate |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.0123188 | ctx-lh-lateraloccipital | 14 | 21 | negligible |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.1123992 | ctx-lh-medialoccipital | 14 | 21 | negligible |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 0.1340313 | ctx-lh-middle+inferiortemporal+pole | 14 | 21 | negligible |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.2397273 | ctx-lh-orbitofrontal | 14 | 21 | small |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.3900980 | ctx-lh-parahippocampal+fusiform+entorhinal | 14 | 21 | small |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.2570278 | ctx-lh-precentral+paracentral | 14 | 21 | small |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.7125891 | ctx-lh-precuneus | 14 | 21 | moderate |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.4551057 | ctx-lh-superior+transversetemporal | 14 | 21 | small |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.0917292 | ctx-lh-superiorparietal+postcentral | 14 | 21 | negligible |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.0018038 | ctx-rh-cingulo | 14 | 21 | negligible |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.4256960 | ctx-rh-frontalinferior | 14 | 21 | small |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.1524420 | ctx-rh-frontalsuperiorandmiddle | 14 | 21 | negligible |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.3576601 | ctx-rh-inferiorparietal | 14 | 21 | small |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.5688763 | ctx-rh-insula | 14 | 21 | moderate |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.0570569 | ctx-rh-lateraloccipital | 14 | 21 | negligible |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.1116127 | ctx-rh-medialoccipital | 14 | 21 | negligible |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 0.3335178 | ctx-rh-middle+inferiortemporal+pole | 14 | 21 | small |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.0214476 | ctx-rh-orbitofrontal | 14 | 21 | negligible |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.5306908 | ctx-rh-parahippocampal+fusiform+entorhinal | 14 | 21 | moderate |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.2317149 | ctx-rh-precentral+paracentral | 14 | 21 | small |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.4357411 | ctx-rh-precuneus | 14 | 21 | small |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.0776925 | ctx-rh-superior+transversetemporal | 14 | 21 | negligible |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.1283457 | ctx-rh-superiorparietal+postcentral | 14 | 21 | negligible |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.1588141 | gctx-bilat-frontal | 14 | 21 | negligible |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.6802672 | gctx-bilat-insula | 14 | 21 | moderate |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.0436369 | gctx-bilat-occipital | 14 | 21 | negligible |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.2311220 | gctx-bilat-parietal | 14 | 21 | small |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 0.0039919 | gctx-bilat-temporal | 14 | 21 | negligible |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.1808812 | gctx-lh-frontal | 14 | 21 | negligible |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.7794575 | gctx-lh-insula | 14 | 21 | moderate |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.0527035 | gctx-lh-occipital | 14 | 21 | negligible |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.2833493 | gctx-lh-parietal | 14 | 21 | small |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.0950277 | gctx-lh-temporal | 14 | 21 | negligible |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.1378808 | gctx-rh-frontal | 14 | 21 | negligible |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.5688763 | gctx-rh-insula | 14 | 21 | moderate |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.1132111 | gctx-rh-occipital | 14 | 21 | negligible |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | -0.2355327 | gctx-rh-parietal | 14 | 21 | small |
| value | Subtle cognition impairment | Cognition impairment | 0.0837704 | gctx-rh-temporal | 14 | 21 | negligible |