Vaccine Hesitancy Pilot Analysis (ALP)
Updated: April 07, 2022
1 Project Overview
Problem
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy has been recognized as a problem across nations. A resistance to getting vaccinated is emerging as a major hurdle, especially in the developing world, where vaccine access issues are still being gradually resolved. Persistent pools of unvaccinated people around the world could present a greater risk for the emergence of new variants of concern. Addressing people’s vaccine hesitancy is hence crucial to curb the spread of COVID-19, and to consequently avert hospitalizations and death.
Objectives
We intend to understand why people are hesitant about getting the COVID-19 vaccine. Hesitancy could not only occur within the unvaccinated population but also in a subset of people who already got vaccinated. Therefore, phase 1 of the project has the following objectives:
- Understand why people are hesitant to get the COVID-19 vaccines
- Understand ways to best elicit vaccine impediments from respondents
- Pinpoint what treatments will help people get vaccinated
Approach
We intend to use chatbot as a medium (on Facebook) to conduct conversations with people to understand how we can best achieve the above three objectives. We have run six pilots as of April 07, 2022, – 2 in the United States using Qualtrics on Lucid, and 4 in South Africa on Facebook. The eventual goal will be running this using multiple chatbots that enable the conversation to flow more naturally than in a survey format. We hypothesize that respondents are more likely to respond to our sensitive questions around vaccine hesitancy if the questions are asked more casually in an open stress-free setting. Therefore, in all version of the pilots, we make our tone as causal as possible (using emojis, GIFs, emphatic prompts) and include delays in the appearance of questions (and empathetic responses after each question) to make the conversation more authentic.
2 Current Pilot
Analysis script used is linked here. Relevant GitHub issue is linked here.
This analysis is based on 1835 respondents who completed the current pilot survey wave.
We have split the detailed analyses into 5 sections:
- Covariate distribution analysis
- Impediments
- Demographics
- Funnel and Engagement Analysis
- Funnel analysis
- Engagement analysis
- Confidence in vaccination
- Openness to treatment
- Treatment Analysis
- Encoded responses
- Free text responses
- Ads analysis
- Split by images used
- Split by text (express opinion v take survey and get airtime)
- Split by impediment (vaccine is unnecessary v risky v inaccessible)
- General analysis
- Duplicates
- One-way tabs
- Two-way tabs by vaccination status
- Two-way tabs by motivation impediment
- Two-way tabs by ability impediment
- Free text response statistics
2.1 Covariate Analysis
Goals for this section:
- Understanding the variation in impediments to vaccination faced by our respondents
- Investigate if these impediments have strong associations with demographic characteristics
List of analyses in this section:
- Vaccination status split
- Split of motivation and ability impediments by vaccination status
- Motivational main impediment split - no benefit, risks, against beliefs
- Motivational sub-impediment split (within each of the above 3 motivational impediments)
- Ability main impediment split - availability, time, money
- Ability sub-impediment split (within each of the above 3 ability impediments)
- Association plots of motivation and demographic variables (female, income, education, religiosity, politics, location, country)
- Association plots of ability and demographic variables (female, income, education, religiosity, politics, location, country)
2.1.1 Vaccination status
We start off with a plot demonstrating the split among vaccinated and unvaccinated participants in this pilot:
2.1.2 Impediments
2.1.2.1 Overview
We asked participants about whether they have the motivation to get the COVID-19 vaccine and whether they have the ability to get the vaccine for both vaccinated and unvaccinated people. We then fork them into 8 different segments based on the vaccination status, motivation to get the vaccine, and ability to get the vaccine. We obtain the distribution below:
| Vaccination status | Able to get vaccine | Have motivation to get vaccine | Count | Percentage of total participants |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unvax | yes | no | 420 | 23% |
| unvax | no | no | 178 | 10% |
| unvax | yes | yes | 88 | 5% |
| unvax | no | yes | 13 | 1% |
| vax | yes | yes | 562 | 31% |
| vax | yes | no | 367 | 20% |
| vax | no | yes | 117 | 6% |
| vax | no | no | 90 | 5% |
Takeaways
37% of participants are unvaccinated. Among the unvaccinated:
- 60% lack motivation, but not ability to get vaccine
- 24% lack both motivation and ability to get vaccine
- 2% lack ability, but don’t lack motivation to get vaccine
- 14% lack neither
2.1.2.2 Misforking checks
Motive fork has 32% other responses.
| flag | n | percent |
|---|---|---|
| FALSE | 721 | 0.6834123 |
| TRUE | 334 | 0.3165877 |
Ability fork has 25% other responses.
| flag | n | percent |
|---|---|---|
| FALSE | 294 | 0.7386935 |
| TRUE | 104 | 0.2613065 |
2.1.2.3 Analysis for each impediment
Let’s investigate each impediment (motivation & ability) in detail, and see the distributions of the reasons why they have such impediments.
- Main Level: demonstrates the distribution of the reasons that chosen from the options we provided to them to explain why participants have motivation/ability impediments
- Sub-level: analyze the explanations why participants choose the specific reason in the Main level
2.1.2.3.1 Motivational (Main Level)
We asked: What’s the main reason you don’t want to be vaccinated?
Provided options:
- there’s no clear benefit (benefit)
- it’s too risky (risk)
- against my beliefs (belief)
The distribution of the answers demonstrates below:
2.1.2.3.2 Motivational (Sub-Level)
2.1.2.3.2.1 Benefit
We asked: is there a main reason why you think there isn’t a benefit?
Provided options:
- covid not dangerous
- unlikely to get sick
- had covid already
- i can recover
- other reason(s)
The distribution of the answers demonstrates below:
2.1.2.3.2.2 Risk
We asked: is there a main reason why you think there is risk?
Provided options:
- don’t trust pharma
- vaccines don’t work
- bad side effects
- needles/pain
- other reason(s)
The distribution of the answers demonstrates below:
2.1.2.3.2.3 Belief
We asked: is there a main reason why against your belief?
Provided options:
- don’t trust gov
- religious reasons
- freedom to choose
- other reason(s)
The distribution of the answers demonstrates below:
2.1.2.3.3 Ability (Main Level)
We asked: What’s the main difficulty of getting vaccinated?
Provided options:
- no vax available (availability)
- lack of time (time)
- lack of money (money)
The distribution of the answers demonstrates below:
2.1.2.3.4 Ability (Sub-Level)
2.1.2.3.4.1 Availability
We asked: is there a main reason why there isn’t availability?
Provided options:
- too far away
- no vaccines left
- other reason(s)
2.1.2.3.4.2 Time
We asked: is there a main reason why there isn’t time?
Provided options:
- no time to research
- getting off work
- childcare
- other reason(s)
2.1.2.3.4.3 Money
We asked: is there a main reason why there isn’t money?
Provided options:
- travel costs
- no insurance
- no cost
2.1.3 Demographic Association
The correlation plots here aim to understand what demographic variables and ability impediments are directly correlated with each other. We want to filter out the demographic variables that are highly correlated with other demographic variables and the demographic variables that are not related to the motivation/ability impediment to minimize the number of questions respondents have to answer.
Since the correlation matrices provided by ggcorrplot()
shows the correlation coefficients between continuous variables, we
mapped binary and ordinal variables to continuous variables.
Details on the mapping:
female: 1 if female, 0 if maleincome: 0 if the participant is unemployed, 1 if household income < R5,000, 2 if household income in R5,000 – R9,999, …, 6 if household income > R100,000education: 1 if the participant’s education < high school, 2 if education is high school, …, 6 if education is a graduate degreereligiosity: 1 if the participant is not very religious, 2 if somewhat religious, 3 if very religiouspolitics: 1 if the participant is conservative, 2 if moderate, 3 if liberallocation: 1 if the participant lives in rural, 2 if suburban, 3 if urban,white: 1 if the participant is a white or caucasian, 0 if notno_motive: 1 if the participant does not have the motive to get vax, 0 otherwiseno_benefits: 1 if participant believes vaccine has no benefits, 0 otherwiseagainst_beliefs:: 1 if participant believes vaccine is against their beliefs, 0 otherwiserisky:: 1 if participant believes vaccine is risky, 0 otherwise
no_ability: 1 if the participant does not have the ability to get vax, 0 otherwiseno_time: 1 if participant has no time to get vaxxed, 0 otherwiseno_money: 1 if participant has no money to get vaxxed, 0 otherwiseno_availability: 1 if participant faces vax availability issues, 0 otherwise
Since we are comparing categorical variables (because some of the variables aren’t linear so we should not assign numerical values to them), we also measure association using Cramer’s V coefficient. The Cramer’s V is a correlation statistic developed to measure the strength of association between two nominal variables. We calculate the Cramer’s V coefficients between motivation/ability and demographic variables as below to find which demographic variables have a high association with motivation/ability impediments, which can be used as a reference in participants segmentation.
The correlation plot among just demographic variables can be seen below [crossed-out correlations are not statistically significant]:
2.1.3.1 Correlation Plot: Motivation
2.1.3.2 Correlation Plot: Ability
2.1.3.3 Correlation Plot: Treatments
2.1.3.4 Correlation Plot: Ad category clicked
2.2 Funnel & Engagement Analysis
Goals for this section:
- Understand variation is survey completion rates across pilots
- Understand cost effectiveness across pilots
- Assess engagement and comfort for current pilot respondents
List of analyses in this section:
- Funnel dropoff and cost-per-action comparison for the last 2 pilot waves
- Dropoff by fork path (motivation/ability/both/none) for current pilot
- Enjoyment and comfort status bar graphs
- Free text response lists for parts not enjoyable/comfortable
2.2.1 Funnel Analysis
We now consider the funnel dropoff and cost comparison across the last two pilot waves.
Dropoff by Fork Path (Motivation/Ability/Both/None) for current pilot
This table looks at how much respondents dropoff from their conversation based on what impediments they have grouped by vaccination status. Note that if the respondents have both motivation and ability impediments, they will need to fill out both the ability and the motivation section (i.e. twice the length). Note:Percentages are calculated within the group.
| Impediment | Dropoff count (unvax) | Dropoff % (unvax) | Dropoff count (vax) | Dropoff % (vax) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Both motivation and ability | 81 | 31.27 | 20 | 18.18 |
| Ability | 4 | 23.53 | 65 | 35.71 |
| Motivation | 83 | 16.50 | 25 | 6.38 |
| None | 15 | 14.56 | 203 | 26.54 |
2.2.2 Engagement Analysis
Enjoyment levels for current and previous pilots. Please note that we filter out responses that do not belong to one of the three pre-defined choices shown.
Takeaway: Most participants enjoyed interacting with the chatbot.
Comfort levels for current and past pilots:
Takeaway: Most participants were comfortable interacting with the chatbot.
Parts to improve:
2.2.2.1 Parts not enjoyable (n = 54)
| enjoyable_not_parts | n |
|---|---|
| All | 3 |
| Everything | 2 |
| The vaccine part | 2 |
| ” what’s your household’s total yearly income ” | 1 |
| Actually did not feel any enjoyable parts..was just questions | 1 |
| air time part | 1 |
| All of the | 1 |
| All of them | 1 |
| All parts | 1 |
| Angfun ukusho hau | 1 |
| Asking about my income | 1 |
| Byee | 1 |
| Byeee | 1 |
| For asking my personal information | 1 |
| Getting of topic | 1 |
| He keep asking stupid stuff | 1 |
| I hate talking about this vaccine. Totally hate it | 1 |
| I just said enjoyable | 1 |
| I just told you stupid ass | 1 |
| I thought that the questions were gonna be corona virus vaccination | 1 |
| I want my Airtime | 1 |
| it was too personal. | 1 |
| Middle part | 1 |
| My airtime | 1 |
| My religion age and political believes | 1 |
| No | 1 |
| Not enjoyable | 1 |
| Nothing | 1 |
| Nvm | 1 |
| Personal life part | 1 |
| Personal questions | 1 |
| rather not say | 1 |
| That is my problem you are also repeating the same question | 1 |
| The didn’t send the Airtime Yesterday😭 | 1 |
| The ones in persuading one to take the jab | 1 |
| The part of vaccine | 1 |
| The religion and the describing where u live | 1 |
| The rewards I would like | 1 |
| The unnecessary chats | 1 |
| The whole survey test | 1 |
| Too slow | 1 |
| U didn’t give me airtime that you have been promised me | 1 |
| Vaccine | 1 |
| Very one toned atmosphere | 1 |
| When u didn’t give me my airtime | 1 |
| Where you wanted where do I live | 1 |
| Whereby you ask my household’s monthly income | 1 |
| you are boring | 1 |
| You are promising airtime for nothing u should hv told dat you won’t give airtime and i find this discrimination becouse i really need airtime | 1 |
| You souni somewhat like a human | 1 |
2.2.2.2 Parts not comfortable (n = 68)
| comfortable_not_parts | n |
|---|---|
| I don’t know | 2 |
| About my money | 1 |
| About Religious and whether I’m an African | 1 |
| Actually none | 1 |
| Age part | 1 |
| All of it | 1 |
| Answering questions | 1 |
| Asking about my personal life 👀 creepy ugly ass chatbot | 1 |
| Asking about my self | 1 |
| Asking about the vaccine | 1 |
| Asking my personal details | 1 |
| Asking same question many times as for why I won’t take vaccine | 1 |
| Because you don’t want to send my airtime | 1 |
| Because you trick me you said I’ll get R8 airtime | 1 |
| Eish I don’t know | 1 |
| Everything | 1 |
| Everything because I think you are scaming | 1 |
| I didn’t get my airtime 😒 | 1 |
| I didn’t receive my airtime | 1 |
| I don’t know you I’m scared | 1 |
| I don’t trust you | 1 |
| I feel insecure about my privacy | 1 |
| I need my airtime | 1 |
| I. Dnt like to say it | 1 |
| I’m not comfortable because I’m cheating with a chatborb 1.It has promised me airtime ?2. I have asked some questions it didn’t answer my questions?3 . I’m very surprised right now what will happen next about this covid 19 | 1 |
| I’m sorry, I misread your question, I thought you were saying how comfortable about my living conditions | 1 |
| It’s alryt rather not say | 1 |
| It’s just that the is a lot of scammers here on Facebook | 1 |
| Main survey | 1 |
| No | 1 |
| no com…. | 1 |
| Nothing | 1 |
| Number one | 1 |
| Personal information | 1 |
| Personal parts | 1 |
| Prefer not to say | 1 |
| Question where too personal | 1 |
| Questioning of my age, school and my household yearly income | 1 |
| Religious and income | 1 |
| Repeated questions(how likely are you to get a vaccine). Questions in which I answered “prefer not to say” | 1 |
| Sleeping, food time, enjoying | 1 |
| Some of your questions | 1 |
| Some questions are not vaxine related | 1 |
| Sorry I meant comfortable | 1 |
| Stop asking personal things like money, you said you wanted to talk about vaccine only | 1 |
| The air time | 1 |
| The need for me to describe my personal reasons in regard to the vaccine..It seems like the vaccine is being forced on us. | 1 |
| The part of religion | 1 |
| The part of vaccine | 1 |
| The part where you asked about my family’s income | 1 |
| This part | 1 |
| Too many personal questions | 1 |
| Too many questions | 1 |
| Vaccine parts | 1 |
| What’s my total income | 1 |
| What’s your political position? | 1 |
| When preferring not to say anything | 1 |
| When taking my vaccine | 1 |
| When u asked about my religion | 1 |
| Where I live | 1 |
| Where is my airtime? | 1 |
| Where you asked of how much I earn | 1 |
| Whether am vaccinated or not | 1 |
| You are lying | 1 |
| You are somehow biased persuing me to take the experimental vaccine | 1 |
| You are strangers | 1 |
| Your questions | 1 |
2.2.3 Openness to Treatment
We see what associates strongly with future vaccination intention
(vax_future) here.
2.3 Treatment Analysis
Goal for this section:
- Identify potential treatments (and proxy treatment effects)
Analyses for this section:
- Preferred treatments
- Self-reported likeliness to get vaxxed after preferred treatment
- Free text explanations split by preferred treatment
2.3.1 Encoded responses
Which would be most likely to get you vaxxed? (n = 1834)
If you get your favored treatment, how likely are you to get vaxxed on a 1-6 scale? (n = 720)
The table below highlights vaccination likelihood post each treatment.
Change in vax chances by treatment (n = 720)
| best_treatment | n | Vax chance post (1-6) |
|---|---|---|
| Family supports it | 98 | 3.96 |
| Job/school required | 296 | 3.54 |
| Trusted info source | 80 | 3.44 |
| Rewards for vaxxing | 62 | 3.13 |
| Nothing | 162 | 2.46 |
| Something else | 21 | 2.24 |
| Nothing | 1 | 2.00 |
2.3.2 Free text responses
Other treatments suggested by participants:
| Other treatments | count |
|---|---|
| my health | 2 |
| nothing | 2 |
| … | 1 |
| a more trusted person with better info not corrupt politicians looking for money | 1 |
| a real health situation, where i’m convinced that we are fighting a real virus, not while we are playing guesswork | 1 |
| because of having flu if season change | 1 |
| being secured from covid | 1 |
| being sick after vaccinating | 1 |
| can die | 1 |
| didn’t want to be left in the cold for example be able to find a job | 1 |
| for my health | 1 |
| for my protection and others close to me | 1 |
| going back to kingdom hall | 1 |
| https://scontent.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.1997-6/39178562_1505197616293642_5411344281094848512_n.png?stp=cp0_dst-png&_nc_cat=1&ccb=1-5&_nc_sid=ac3552&_nc_ohc=fwkam2m9u_cax9x4kdw&_nc_ad=z-m&_nc_cid=0&_nc_ht=scontent.xx&oh=00_at8etyhw23glu5ybpkiecy2-z5mxkr37w8zjr_cftmicla&oe=624746cb | 1 |
| i don’t want my kids to grow up without parents | 1 |
| i feel safer from this virus | 1 |
| i had been trying to convince my high risk folks and was tired of misinformation. thought to lead by example. i am not worried about covid for myself, but more for the ones i love. if i can lessen my chance of infecting them, i will take it. | 1 |
| i had to travel out of the country for my aunts wedding | 1 |
| i had to travel to another country | 1 |
| i have students coming to me for extra classes and i wanted them to feel safe and also set the example for them to get vaccinated | 1 |
| i heard that people would only get into stadiums if they were vaccinated | 1 |
| i heard that vaccinating reduces the chances of being infected by the virus and if it happens that you get infected, you don’t die easily | 1 |
| i once got flu when covid started. i was having all the symptoms of covid. but in few weeks i got better. that’s why i decided to get vaccinated so that when i get flu i won’t be in the pain i had before | 1 |
| i think its good to keep gud track record of my health | 1 |
| i thought that getting the vaccine i am protecting me and my family from covid 19 | 1 |
| i told you i don’t believe in vaccine at all | 1 |
| i want to go abroad | 1 |
| i wanted to be safe | 1 |
| i wanted to make a difference and show more people that it’s safe to get the vaccine | 1 |
| i was scared of covid | 1 |
| i’m applying for jobs so most require vaccine proof | 1 |
| i’m hiv positive so its vital | 1 |
| i’m protecting my safety… | 1 |
| if i’m guaranteed about its safety | 1 |
| if it is 100% | 1 |
| if the vaccine was able to kill the virus and make the body immune from getting the virus again | 1 |
| im a cardiac patient and i have no reason not to get vaccinated since it was going to create more resistance for my heart condition so it won’t geting worse by leaving my immune system unprotected | 1 |
| is because i what to be protected by infection nd save mi family | 1 |
| it made me feel safe and i now knew i’m taking a step in protecting my country and everyone around me | 1 |
| it was the right thing to do for my health and others | 1 |
| jobs | 1 |
| just being healthy for my family and my son | 1 |
| make the world a better place | 1 |
| my church suggested to go for vaccines | 1 |
| my family was totally against it,my mom is getting old i thought it would be best if i took the lead ,they do listen to me most times ,but i was wrong in making them believe it was the right thing to do ,cause we all got sick ,and my mom was very angry ,but shes ok now ,we had both jabs we suppose to go for boosters but ive decided against it | 1 |
| my health is very important to me as i have to protect it | 1 |
| my safety and my familys safety | 1 |
| my whole family is vaccinated but i’m scared | 1 |
| need to do my job so need to be able to travel and have to go to business with a no vaccines no entry policy | 1 |
| no | 1 |
| no longer live in fear | 1 |
| none | 1 |
| not get vaccine but taking the tablets. | 1 |
| noting | 1 |
| ok | 1 |
| so that i can travel | 1 |
| something else | 1 |
| the number of covid related deaths , i fear death. | 1 |
| there’s no impact i will make | 1 |
| to be safe | 1 |
| to end covid 19 | 1 |
| to protect against corona virus | 1 |
| to protect my love ones | 1 |
| to protect my parents | 1 |
| to protect my self from covid 19 | 1 |
| to save myself and my family from virus | 1 |
| want to be healthy | 1 |
| wanting to be safe | 1 |
| work | 1 |
| yho.aketseb | 1 |
Free text explanations provided for each treatment (sorted from most to least responses) can be seen below:
2.3.2.1 job/school required (n = 16)
| job/school required | n |
|---|---|
| I felt like it was right to vaccinate…to protect my self and others from getting sick | 1 |
| It was said that we should all get vaccination so we can protect our loved ones and others from the spread of covid 19 | 1 |
| Medical doctors | 1 |
| Money GroceryHouse supply | 1 |
| My family has vaccinated so thought i should join also | 1 |
| My mom is working under department of health so she was encouraging me to go and vaccinate | 1 |
| No | 1 |
| Non | 1 |
| Not getting vaccinated is at your own risk …so they encouraged me to getting vaccinated | 1 |
| Radio | 1 |
| 𝙎𝙘𝙝𝙤𝙤𝙡 | 1 |
| The entire family is vaccinated | 1 |
| The vaccine it’s useful | 1 |
| To go get vaccine to protect everyone | 1 |
| To talk to them | 1 |
| Voucher for food and clothes | 1 |
2.3.2.2 family supports it (n = 393)
| family supports it | n |
|---|---|
| Family | 12 |
| Family support | 6 |
| No | 3 |
| Nothing | 3 |
| To be safe | 3 |
| Emotional | 2 |
| Encourage | 2 |
| Encouragement | 2 |
| Family members | 2 |
| Moral support | 2 |
| My family | 2 |
| They encourage me to take the vaccine | 2 |
| We all wanted to get vaccinated | 2 |
| . support from my son, he trusted that the vaccine would not have bad effects on me | 1 |
| .Do not do vaccine | 1 |
| .Everyone get vaccinated to fight covid 19 as a family .as a family we believe that healthy comes first .we don’t want to lose each other | 1 |
| .they didn’t want me to vaccinate because of rumours | 1 |
| Ahh I don’t know I think am not on the right answer | 1 |
| All Getting vaccinated | 1 |
| All my family is vaccinated | 1 |
| All of my family members took it to protect my kids who cant take it | 1 |
| All of them vaccinated and I was forced because am the only one left | 1 |
| Am anxious when it come to needles and very afraid of needles however my brother was against the vaccine but later on he encouraged me to get vaccinated for the safety of the kids am working with and the Elderly people also at my work place | 1 |
| As a family we all vaccinated which made it more easy for everyone and we all feel safe now | 1 |
| As a family we wanted everyone to be vaccinated for safety against covid | 1 |
| As I’ve said before we had a family member who was infected that was a wake-up call for us as family | 1 |
| As this pandemic is contagious My family are safe when they are with me Even if I get that pandemic , because I’m traveling too much with my friend ,it will be easier for me to be healed because of vaccination , my body has already developed antibody , that my body has recognize the pandemic They will easily fight the virus✌️🤞 | 1 |
| As you know when takin a vaccine you are not only doing it for you but also the surroundings, so as I’m staying with them I had to take it so that they will feel comfortable around me | 1 |
| Assurance | 1 |
| At home each and everybody was excited and ready for the vaccine from the scratch. | 1 |
| Because all of them they vaccine only me left | 1 |
| Because i had atshma | 1 |
| Because we thought that if we do get vaccinated we will be safe from corona virus | 1 |
| Being able to stay safe from covid | 1 |
| Being vaccinated helped me ti be safe from the virus & not spead it to my loved one’s | 1 |
| Both My Parents Got Vaccined So I Had To Get The Vaccine As , To Be Safe And For My Family Too.-. | 1 |
| But my airtime | 1 |
| Buy grocery | 1 |
| By having a doctor in the fact | 1 |
| By me in house is a 78yr and a 80 yr old.Both are old people and the did had covid early last year.So because I’m working in retail I didn’t want them to get sick again | 1 |
| By not passing virus to them as I am field worker | 1 |
| By protection | 1 |
| By Telling Ii Must Get Viccine | 1 |
| Can’t say | 1 |
| Care | 1 |
| Concern for safety and health | 1 |
| Counseling and being there for me | 1 |
| Courage | 1 |
| Currige | 1 |
| Eix lenna ak tsebe | 1 |
| Emotional support | 1 |
| Emotional support and they were motivating me to go | 1 |
| Emotional support since I was scared | 1 |
| Emotional support.they supported me to do it to reduce the chances of getting covid 10 | 1 |
| Emotionally and financially | 1 |
| Encourage me to get vaccine and advice me how is healthy and good for my body | 1 |
| Encourage me to go and vaccinate. | 1 |
| Encourage support | 1 |
| Encouragement from elders since they are above 60 years | 1 |
| Encouragement to take it because it’s safe | 1 |
| Encouraging to vaccinate | 1 |
| Encouraging us to be safe | 1 |
| Everybody in the family had vaccinated | 1 |
| Everybody in the family was vaccinated and i was the only one left | 1 |
| Everybody need to be kept save, | 1 |
| Everyone has something bad to say so maybe some more positive support | 1 |
| Everyone in my family got vaccinated even though they were unemployed | 1 |
| everyone in my family toke a vaccine to protect each other | 1 |
| Everyone in my family was vaxxed | 1 |
| Everyone in the family has vaccinated and we made the decision to vaccinate together | 1 |
| Everyone support me n advice me about the vaccine | 1 |
| Everyone was vaxx and i couldn’t be the only one and i want to orotect everryone around me | 1 |
| family | 1 |
| Family & friends support | 1 |
| Family and friends | 1 |
| Family because I live with my grandma and I didn’t want to come back with the sickness | 1 |
| Family has vaccinated | 1 |
| Family helps emotional by taking positive stuff abt vaccine | 1 |
| Family insolidarty witu | 1 |
| Family is the e support really | 1 |
| Family protection | 1 |
| Family said it’ll help protect each other from the virus | 1 |
| Family Support | 1 |
| Family support helped a lot | 1 |
| Family support to covid | 1 |
| Family support u in every way to get vaccine | 1 |
| Family support. ..we all went to vaccinate | 1 |
| Family supports | 1 |
| Food and money support | 1 |
| For covid not to affect my health!! | 1 |
| For me to protect my family | 1 |
| For my family to get vaccinated all of them | 1 |
| For my mom to be there for me coz she is the most important person in my life | 1 |
| For our health | 1 |
| For protecting myself and others | 1 |
| For taking care of someone | 1 |
| For the sake of safety we must all get vaccinated to protect one another | 1 |
| For their safety | 1 |
| For us to be safe | 1 |
| Friends and Family support | 1 |
| From all the bad news about the side effects and worst the death of close friends, it would be better if we could support each other especially from family members just to ensure the safety of anyone in the family who is likely to get the jab | 1 |
| Get vaccinated at home | 1 |
| Getting coz family is getting it and if we are all vaccinated as a family we are safe I guess | 1 |
| Getting vaccinated made changes for my family | 1 |
| Give me some advise,that will make me fell comfortable | 1 |
| Government support | 1 |
| Had a mother who was over ninty years old and did not want her to get the virus | 1 |
| Hayibo | 1 |
| Health and care | 1 |
| Helping family going places where vaccine certificates are required | 1 |
| Historically Vaccines are the only way forward with a pandemic | 1 |
| How they made me face my fear | 1 |
| https://cdn.fbsbx.com/v/t59.3654-21/277615574_275319018129236_5986638422012775744_n.mp4/audioclip-1648587632000-256.mp4?_nc_cat=103&ccb=1-5&_nc_sid=7272a8&_nc_ohc=_cLudf8FNi0AX-nHyBZ&_nc_ht=cdn.fbsbx.com&oh=03_AVKd7HrJhn_p6ENcdNviA39i3Y1Wl6iACSd7jNwmcMg6qw&oe=6245168F | 1 |
| https://scontent.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.1997-6/39178562_1505197616293642_5411344281094848512_n.png?stp=cp0_dst-png&_nc_cat=1&ccb=1-5&_nc_sid=ac3552&_nc_ohc=FWkAM2m9u_cAX-AfG8c&_nc_ad=z-m&_nc_cid=0&_nc_ht=scontent.xx&oh=00_AT9IiyxiUfQ-Hm5o9zUZKCyq0razqi3jrKFJZNjDBVo86w&oe=624746CB | 1 |
| Huh | 1 |
| I am 68 yrs old and did not want to be a burden on my family if i got the virus | 1 |
| I am a COVID survivor hence I took the jab | 1 |
| I am the main caretaker of my sick mom and getting vaccinated put my families minds at ease because cancer patients are bound to get infected. Getting the vaccination gave me and the rest of the family peace of mind | 1 |
| I did not believe covid is real until one of my friends suffered from it and that’s y I got vaccinated | 1 |
| I don’t know | 1 |
| I have a daughter and husband who are diabetic and at increased risk. I’m vaccinated in an attempt to decrease their risk. I’m a teacher and work closely with children, so I am also at greater risk. | 1 |
| I have chronic conditions | 1 |
| I live with elderly people so I know that their immune system is not strong enough to fight the virous | 1 |
| I once had tb so they said if I vaccinated it will help me | 1 |
| I tested positive for Covid so my family decided to go and get vaccineted to protect themselves. I also agreed with them. | 1 |
| I want to motivate my family to get vaccinated and save others | 1 |
| I want to protect my family from covid 19 and just keep them with me till the day i die i dont want anyone dying in my family they are the closest to me and eventually my friends and same for people on earth and for Russians that are fighting for their lives | 1 |
| I wanted me and my family to be on a safe side with this corona | 1 |
| I was the only one who didn’t vaxx ,they were keep telling me to get, | 1 |
| I was thinking about my kids their still small to be without a mother | 1 |
| I’m a mother of two of which one is living with disability I have to love for them so long in terms of the Desease | 1 |
| I’m the only member who bring money in the house | 1 |
| If I have family support nothing will go wrong even after vaccine side effects they will be there for me | 1 |
| If me gatting it wont put any of my family in danger than i will get it | 1 |
| If my family got vaccinated along with me | 1 |
| If one in family is vac and they see its safe they will go to | 1 |
| If the family support the vaccine surely it would be easy to.vaccine | 1 |
| If they actually gave me the thought that it’s healthy, unharmful and it’ll help me from getting infected | 1 |
| If they guaranteed me that I’ll 100% safe if vaccinated. | 1 |
| If they say they will support me through out the side effects of the vaccine | 1 |
| If we are together we can vaccinate and not be affected thank you | 1 |
| If we learn more enough about vaccine side effects | 1 |
| If yo familly stood by u at all the time | 1 |
| Im protecting myself and my love ones and also my country | 1 |
| In my family there are small kids and vulnerable people so we had to proctect them from getting covid | 1 |
| In my family we just decided to get vaccinated to be safe | 1 |
| information about the vaccine | 1 |
| is that if we get vaccinated all in a Family we can get protected form Covid 19 | 1 |
| Is that when you vaccine the corona will not kill you easily | 1 |
| It help the most because it not easily to get illness covid n also as a family we get safe but still we should put the musk on | 1 |
| It help us get supportive from the family I don’t doubt that I’m vaccineted | 1 |
| It is the vaccine place during week end | 1 |
| It that they did not force me to vaccinate but they said they’ll support me in any decision I make. | 1 |
| Jobs and government intervene | 1 |
| Keeping them safe | 1 |
| Knowing that even my parents wanted to take the jab without thinking twice, my mom’s diabetic but she never got any of the symptoms that people talked about | 1 |
| Knowing this is my life if ever anything happens to me it will be their responsibility to take care of me so the best option was to vaccinate before I get covid | 1 |
| Let’s say maybe if at school they wanna vaccine me they gonna need my mothers support to vaccine me. | 1 |
| Like the whole family got vaccinated so I had to do so in other to secure them also | 1 |
| Lost a family member during the first wave of covid and when vaccines got available my whole family came together and weighed the options between getting vaxed and not, that’s when we reached a decision to get vaccinated | 1 |
| Made me understand that I will not just help me but will help the people who are close to me | 1 |
| Maybe if I say that there all vaccine almost my family got vaccinated | 1 |
| Media coverage | 1 |
| Mental support | 1 |
| Mom vaccinated first because of job requirements so she asked if I could go vaccinate too since there’s no harm | 1 |
| Mom was elderly so have to protect her | 1 |
| Money | 1 |
| Money food | 1 |
| Most of family took vaccine and i knew it was safe | 1 |
| Most of my family member took it and they assured me that its safe and the rummors were not true | 1 |
| Most of my family members got vaccinated and they were OK,so I decided to get vaccinated as well. | 1 |
| Most of my family members they’ve vaccinated so it made it east for me to go and vaccine | 1 |
| Most of my Siblings have vaccinated so I decided to do it because Nothing happened to them | 1 |
| Most people in the family are vaccinated so I trusted their decision | 1 |
| Motivation | 1 |
| My child, brothers | 1 |
| My family , everyone is fully vaccinated an lasy year we lost 2 family members because of covid19 | 1 |
| My family advise me to get vacinated | 1 |
| My family all vaccinated and they encouraged me to vaccinate as well even though I was scared they told me there is nothing to worry about. | 1 |
| My family all went for the vaccine | 1 |
| My family also vaccinated too | 1 |
| My family and friends, becouse all of us just wanted to be on the safe side incase one of us got infected with the Corona virus | 1 |
| My family are law abiding citizens, they supported the vaccine inorder for the virus to go away. | 1 |
| My family are pro vaccine and feel that we should all be vaccinated | 1 |
| My family ask mi 2 get vaccinated so that i cn be protected nd protect my family members to get infected from this pandemic | 1 |
| My family believes we should get vaccinated | 1 |
| My family does vaccination and its was not fair to me to not go and get vaccine | 1 |
| My family got vaccinated and nothing happens to them that encourages me to get vaccinated | 1 |
| My Family Got vaccinated first and they were doing | 1 |
| My family had already got vaccinated and nothing happened to them so they advised me that its safe to get vaccinated | 1 |
| My family has vaxxed already | 1 |
| My family is totally against it after a family friend got sick | 1 |
| My family knows the importance of life and we are true citizens who follow the rules so when the president gave the speech about the vaccine we immediately got vaccinated because we believe that COVID 19 is serious and real | 1 |
| My family members got vaccinated and they encouraged me to do it too, for safety | 1 |
| My family support me with everything | 1 |
| My family they are all got the vaccine and they told me to go and get vaccinated because it will help us against covid 19 | 1 |
| My family they Rufus’s to vaccine but when I did they followed because me | 1 |
| My family was supporting me to get vaccinated in order to stay safe | 1 |
| My family would always ask me if I’m vaccinated and they would always encourage me to go and get the vaccine | 1 |
| My family would support me and tell me every good reason to get vaccinated as they were already vaccinated | 1 |
| My grandma forced me | 1 |
| My Grandma Works For The Community Health Worker And She Always Emphasizes That We Must Get Vaccinated So That If The Disease Strike It Will Not Affect Us Because The Vaccination Will Fight It | 1 |
| My grandmother died due to covid 19 so with the information I got that being vaccinated decreases death rate and chances of dying due to covid 19 | 1 |
| My had corona virus so we had to go for vaccine | 1 |
| My health comes and also to protect the people I love | 1 |
| My husband Na I vaccinated the same time | 1 |
| My husband was my biggest support | 1 |
| My mom got vaccinated and my two brothers | 1 |
| My mom had covid and was a difficult time for us so we all got vaccinated | 1 |
| My mom told me it might help me to get a job and access other things | 1 |
| My mom was hospitalized for covid so we saw the Importance of getting vaccinated | 1 |
| My mother | 1 |
| My mother and my sister took it before me and thy gave me reason to take it | 1 |
| My mother is over 60 years she got vaccinated so she told us how important it is to be vaccinated it could protect us from covid but also how important to follow the rules even though we are vaccinated | 1 |
| My mother support | 1 |
| My mother was the first to vaccacinate in my family it help her alot because she was working with sticks but she left them because the vacancie made her to be strong | 1 |
| My mother was the one who pushed us as a family to get vaccinated to that we will be on a safe side | 1 |
| My parent’s got vaccinated first as we all know that it started with age thing to get vaccinated then my mom was always advising me to get vaccinated caz to will protect me from covid 19 she told me that even though I’ll catch covid I wont get sick to the point that I’ll need to be admitted to hospital or what she also told me that I may not even notice the symptoms of covid when I’m fully vaccinated | 1 |
| My parents | 1 |
| My parents believe that by taking the vaccine I will be safe from the COVID 19 | 1 |
| My parents encouraged me | 1 |
| My parents got vaccinated first which showed me that the vaccine had no form of impact in my lifestyle | 1 |
| My parents told me that I will be safe from the virus | 1 |
| My parents were already vaccinated so they make me understand that vaccine will help me and is not harmful and I thank God for blessing me with them | 1 |
| my R8 airtime | 1 |
| My siblings and parents went together to vaccinate | 1 |
| My sisters | 1 |
| My whole family went for the vaccine | 1 |
| My wife standing by me nd holding my hand while I was being vaccinated coz I have a phobia for needles 🤦 | 1 |
| No I can’t help you | 1 |
| none | 1 |
| Not getting the vaccine | 1 |
| Okay | 1 |
| On covid 19 | 1 |
| Ouk thanks | 1 |
| Our Government worked hard to get the vaccine for us. I want this pandemic to end! | 1 |
| Personal information sorry | 1 |
| Preventing getting covid 19 | 1 |
| Protect each other from this virus | 1 |
| Protect my family | 1 |
| Protecting my family | 1 |
| Protection in family about this disease to be not spread around kids and other people in the family | 1 |
| Providing them with money and etc | 1 |
| Seeing my family members vaccinate first and they did not have any side effects so i decided to vaccine also | 1 |
| Seeing people dying at home was very depressing | 1 |
| So we can not spread it | 1 |
| Some of my family members they went for it not only to protect themselves but also people around them ,and that motivated me | 1 |
| Sopport helped lots of people | 1 |
| Sort of a pressurising support, cause everyone got the vaccine . | 1 |
| Stand by my | 1 |
| Stand together | 1 |
| Support from family .the ly insisted it was forbour own good | 1 |
| Support from my family | 1 |
| Support from the love once to make sure that they are always safe | 1 |
| Support the people | 1 |
| Teach me more about the vaccine | 1 |
| Teaching me about the vaccine | 1 |
| Tell me more about benefits of vaccine | 1 |
| That if we aa a family get vaccinated we are atleast protected from getting the diseasr easily | 1 |
| That is really important to get vaccinated because most of the time I spend my time out doors so I should be vaccinated because I would not know what will I get on the street so I should not put any danger on my fimaly. | 1 |
| That it would be safe for us if we get vaccinated | 1 |
| That our family be safe from covid 19 | 1 |
| That the Vax will prevent us from being infected by covid 19 | 1 |
| that they understood that being vaccinated is important and builds your immune system against Covid-19 My family was well informed about Covid-19 | 1 |
| That we’d all be safer | 1 |
| The approval of my family regarding the vaccination | 1 |
| The body are not the same ,n i believe that our body won’t respond the same way to vaccine if it happens I get vaccine n i became sick I will need my family to be there n support me | 1 |
| The emotional support in preparing to get vaxxed | 1 |
| The family support,that everyone in my got vaccinated | 1 |
| The family tries to encourage me into taking vaccine and they all took it when they had time | 1 |
| The gift of the giver’s supported family in time of need | 1 |
| The got vaccinated and they told me that if I vaccinate I won’t feel sick | 1 |
| The motivation for vaccinating knowing that i am at a low risk of contaminating the virus | 1 |
| The one I got from family to get vaccine | 1 |
| The support from my family , not wanting to lose each other due to covid where as we could’ve prevented deaths in our homes | 1 |
| The support from you and my family | 1 |
| The support I get from my family means the most | 1 |
| The support I received from my family helped me be strong | 1 |
| The told me that nothing that doesn’t have its effect | 1 |
| The vaccine | 1 |
| The virus can kill so we hade to no chance | 1 |
| The were there supporting me every step of the way | 1 |
| Them being there for me | 1 |
| Them telling me it’s safe and I should not be scared | 1 |
| They all encouraged us to all go for our vaccination | 1 |
| They all got vaccinated and it was my choice if I wanted to get vaccinated or not,and they told me that they will support me in every decision I take | 1 |
| They All Vaccinated An I was Underage By That Time So They Advised Me To Also Do ItThat They Will Make Sure That I Get To See The Best Doctors After ThatThat I Shouldn’t Be Scared I’ll Be Okayy | 1 |
| They all vaccinated so they wanted me to go also | 1 |
| They also went for a vaccine | 1 |
| They are the ones who encouraged me to go get vaccinated they told me nothing bad was gonna happen to me | 1 |
| They assisted me with side effects | 1 |
| They believe that it is helping the world to flatten the the high rate of infection and fatalities | 1 |
| They bélive if wé do vaccinat wé aré keeping us safe n others | 1 |
| They called doctor at home so that we vaccinate together ❤ | 1 |
| They convinced me the safe side of the vaccination process | 1 |
| They did not force me they told me to get it when I’m ready | 1 |
| they encourage me . | 1 |
| They encourage me to get jab and avoid spreading of virus | 1 |
| They encourage me to vaccinate so I can be safe | 1 |
| They encouraged me | 1 |
| They encouraged Me to do it | 1 |
| They encouraged me to get the vaccination | 1 |
| They guide me about the importance of vaccination | 1 |
| They helped me and supported me when I was taking vacci | 1 |
| They helped me go through the whole vaccination process without being scared or worried | 1 |
| They Incouraged me | 1 |
| They incouraged me to get the vax | 1 |
| They just advice me to get vaccine because I’m unemployed and it won’t be easy to find a job without vaccinated | 1 |
| They nothing better than making sure your family is protected | 1 |
| They really helped me overcome all the side effects i had | 1 |
| They said it is safe and it protects from getting covid19 | 1 |
| They said it’s safe to be vaccinated | 1 |
| They said vaccine boosts your immune system | 1 |
| They showed me love | 1 |
| They tell important of it so everything | 1 |
| They told me how important to get vaccine | 1 |
| They told me I will be better if I vaccinete and accompany me to the hospital. | 1 |
| They told me that vacinne help your body to be not infected by corona | 1 |
| They told me to vaccinate and my family also vaccinated | 1 |
| They went with me | 1 |
| They were both vaccinated then i was compelled to do so. | 1 |
| They were encourage and made me not to worry about the conspiracies of the vaccine | 1 |
| They were here by my side everyone | 1 |
| To get vaccine | 1 |
| To keep your family save against the virus | 1 |
| To make famirly safe | 1 |
| To make SA a better place n safer place for us all | 1 |
| To make them stay safe | 1 |
| To protect my family | 1 |
| To protect some people | 1 |
| To save our family by vaccinating | 1 |
| To stay safe so that they can continue spending more time together | 1 |
| To try and help my family by being protected against the virus | 1 |
| To vaccinate so that I won’t get affected by covid 19 | 1 |
| To wear mask all time | 1 |
| Transport money | 1 |
| vaccine help and on top of that they are all vaccinated | 1 |
| Washing hands everytime sanitizing my hands keep distance | 1 |
| We all acknowledge the importance of being vaccinated. | 1 |
| We all had to vaccinate to keep the kids safe | 1 |
| We all tested positive for covid-19 before then we decided to go fo vacination | 1 |
| We are many in my family so we did not want to get sick | 1 |
| We as a family decided to get vaccinated | 1 |
| We did go to vaccine as family because I was scared to vaccine at first | 1 |
| We didn’t want to lose each other because of covid better protect each other | 1 |
| We have a newborn at home | 1 |
| We have a nurse at home so she just told me nothing could happen because she also got vaccinated | 1 |
| We have to be Unite Nd things as a family that’s all | 1 |
| We wanted to protect against covid | 1 |
| We weren’t together as a family and got vaccinated on the same day | 1 |
| We, my family, all wanted to stay healthy and not succumb to the virus! | 1 |
| wearing masks | 1 |
| Well If my family takes it I will definitely take it | 1 |
| When all of my family got vaccinated and I had to be the only one left behide, perhaps that would make see or realise the real use of this vaccine. | 1 |
| When all your family is vaccinated the believe they might not corona so I’ll have to vaccine to support them as I’m.part of family | 1 |
| When family at least come with me when i go to clinic to vaccine that would be more supportive | 1 |
| When maybe my family support me to vaccinate | 1 |
| When they’re telling how important is this vaccine | 1 |
| Where is my airtime | 1 |
| Wife | 1 |
| Wifes encouragement | 1 |
| Yes | 1 |
| You’re family standing by your side isore important | 1 |
2.3.2.3 nothing (n = 4)
| nothing | n |
|---|---|
| all my family members weh vaccineted but me and my younger brother were not | 1 |
| Since it takes years to determine the effectiveness, l don’t trust the info | 1 |
| They all vaccinated | 1 |
| They supported me when i had symptoms | 1 |
2.3.2.4 trusted info source (n = 185)
| trusted info source | n |
|---|---|
| Clinic | 4 |
| Internet | 3 |
| Media | 3 |
| Social media | 3 |
| The government | 3 |
| Discovery Health | 2 |
| 2 | |
| News | 2 |
| News and radio | 2 |
| A good debate between scientists and a source that do not sensor or has no financial benefits | 1 |
| All medical people should say one thing and not argue about this vaccine | 1 |
| All of them | 1 |
| Anything that is not from the West lol | 1 |
| As the department of health had send people to teach us about the covit virus | 1 |
| At the moment I’m not sure because it seems the Doh people themselves are not aware of the side effects n the government is not opening a platform for people to report health problems they encounter after being vaxxed | 1 |
| Before I take action I want to study at Google | 1 |
| Before I vaccineted I went to the doctor to ask about the risks of vaccine and he assured me that the are no risks Just side effects and it turns out he was right | 1 |
| being vaccinated it help you to remain safe and protect those who haven’t vaccine for covid | 1 |
| Better and trustworthy info about vaccines. Free!!!!! | 1 |
| Better side effects and none getting sick when having vaccines u shouldn’t get sick when u get vaccinated and no side effects | 1 |
| Biblical source | 1 |
| Can’t tell | 1 |
| Dat it help prevent infection n de virus DNT get stronger wen u had de vacine it doesn’t mean u won’t b infected but higly likely u will but it won’t be as strong | 1 |
| Doctor | 1 |
| Doctors information | 1 |
| Documentary which explains how they came up with the vaccine, and what does it do or how does it attack the virus from getting into ones system | 1 |
| Everyone especially people in my close family | 1 |
| everything thats positive because the negatives dont have proof and most if my family vaccinated and they are well | 1 |
| Everywhere online was a lot of information about the vaccine and covid, but I compared it and searched about how it was tested and if it’s safe. I also did it mostly for my family because I didn’t want to give them covid if I were to tested positive | 1 |
| Expert advice | 1 |
| Face to face | 1 |
| FactsStudies | 1 |
| From the Bible | 1 |
| From the government,health department. | 1 |
| Give p.ple wts good for thm . | 1 |
| Go erment | 1 |
| Gov.za | 1 |
| Government and doctors | 1 |
| Government I know tey can’t put our life’s in danger | 1 |
| government source | 1 |
| Government sources | 1 |
| Health | 1 |
| Health centre | 1 |
| Health department | 1 |
| Health department and World Health Organization | 1 |
| Health doctor | 1 |
| Health promotion | 1 |
| Help to survive covid | 1 |
| Here at work they told us everything about the vaccine ..then I saw other people from different companies actually I saw that ever since people got vacation the was less rate of infections and death | 1 |
| Hospitals and clinics | 1 |
| I am not sure actually,maybe as it is being monitored side effect will reveal themselves very soon and hope that this will be made available | 1 |
| I can’t talk on that one | 1 |
| I don’t know who to trust anymore, definitely not the government, but if more testing is done and people aren’t dying it will be more positive | 1 |
| I don’t trust any because I believe they omit some of the crucial information. | 1 |
| I don’t trust anyone | 1 |
| I dont know | 1 |
| I followed online. | 1 |
| I got some info on the government WhatsApp number | 1 |
| I have made a mistake sorry | 1 |
| I know that vaccine does not cure COVID but am certain that it helps your immune system to fight | 1 |
| I need to know the ingredients and type of process used in the manufacturing of it like it is done to every medication. | 1 |
| I read online about those who had the jab and how did it react to each and everyone who had it | 1 |
| I strongly trust the information that my family tells…that taking a vaccine goes with luck coz some people even die after vaccinating | 1 |
| I take too much time n spent it on soclal media, internet to find better informations n investigation about that information i found until I find the solution | 1 |
| I think most people live by example. So if there are ppl who are vaccinated they should volunteer to become test subjects for the next 3 years to see if they will not have any complecations with the vax or worse die from the vax . Maybe then I’ll consider vaccinating .n some other south Africans will consider vaccinating | 1 |
| I trust the people who make this medication | 1 |
| I trust that I can feel safe everywhere I go.but ii will get infected but not easily | 1 |
| I trusted our government | 1 |
| I trusted that all researchers did their job well and they wouldn’t make a mistake. | 1 |
| I trusted that vacine can eliminate covid19 | 1 |
| I trusted the vaccine that it will get my body prevented | 1 |
| I understand | 1 |
| I vaccinated after hearing more about the vaccine and it side effects from a professor in East Coast Radio | 1 |
| I want to have more info about it | 1 |
| I wanted to be saved from covid 19 so I took information when they said vaccines really helps I trusted that info source | 1 |
| I was given counselling first about the vaccine and it’s importance as I had been positive of Covid-19 in 2020 | 1 |
| I’m not sure | 1 |
| If a qualified medical.person can give me the pros and cons of getting the vaccine with my condition | 1 |
| If I could be convinced that vaccinated stand a better chance than the unvaccinated | 1 |
| If someone helps me understand more about this vaccine and its side effect | 1 |
| if the vaccine has been vaccinated more than 1 000 people and didnt die because of it.therefore i can vaccinate | 1 |
| Information from the department of Health | 1 |
| information from doctors & health experts | 1 |
| information from health care people | 1 |
| Information from health care workers at the hospital | 1 |
| Information from the government and doctors | 1 |
| Information provided by medical professionals | 1 |
| Internet,media and of course health specialists | 1 |
| It is important to get vaccinated it’s our safety and the is chances of the number of dying people number to drop | 1 |
| It was introduced and the president addressed us to vaccinate n how important is vaccine | 1 |
| It was said that vaccine would lessen the the spread of the virus | 1 |
| It’s safe | 1 |
| Its complicated for me to give you this information | 1 |
| its safe and not bad for our health | 1 |
| Just to stay away from covid | 1 |
| Knowing that other people they get well after vaccine | 1 |
| Let me say,not all doctors and nurses support it ..so that confuses me ..it’s them who have to trust it first | 1 |
| Like my grandmother vaccinated first and said we should go it helps | 1 |
| Like the way your doing | 1 |
| Listening to Dr and or Prof chats | 1 |
| Maybe if we were to be shown how accurate this covid is then i might reconsider..will not be convinced by hearsay | 1 |
| Media and community outreach by the government and supporting NGOs | 1 |
| Media and department of health | 1 |
| Medical records | 1 |
| Medical resources | 1 |
| Most of my family members got vaccinated ,and the vaccine did no harm to them | 1 |
| My dad got vaccinated and he was ok and he told me that people are different so hence my mom’s friend reacted different after getting a vaccine | 1 |
| My doctor | 1 |
| My house Dr | 1 |
| My local clinick | 1 |
| My mind | 1 |
| Newspaper | 1 |
| No comment | 1 |
| None but i will know when that time comes | 1 |
| Once I had that people from 25 to 35 can go n vaccine for the protection for high risk covid I vollute my self CUZ I once Gott positive for covid so I didn’t wanna go back there | 1 |
| Our government | 1 |
| President speech and sources from scientist | 1 |
| Prophet Philippe kacou | 1 |
| Radio | 1 |
| Radios and television | 1 |
| Real tested and not rushed information | 1 |
| Red Cross | 1 |
| Research internet | 1 |
| Reviews from people who got vaccinated | 1 |
| Reviews from vaccinated people | 1 |
| SABC | 1 |
| SABC News | 1 |
| School | 1 |
| Schooling | 1 |
| Science and medical doctor | 1 |
| Scientists testing the vaccine | 1 |
| Social media…like here on Facebook | 1 |
| Television information | 1 |
| That vaccinating is more important and safe as it will protect us from being killed by the virus | 1 |
| That I would help stop the spread of covid | 1 |
| That if getting vaccinated it will help reduce the spread of the virus | 1 |
| That it can be immune system booster n covid-19 is unlikely to take you down when vaccinated | 1 |
| That It won’t affect me that much when vaccinated (covid) | 1 |
| That says if you got vaccinated the covid will not attack you easy | 1 |
| That the vaccine does harm your health you stay normal if you follow procedures | 1 |
| That through vaccination we can end the virus | 1 |
| The bible | 1 |
| The clinic outreach spread the word and it was informative | 1 |
| The covid is alive | 1 |
| The fact that people are dying | 1 |
| The fact that the president state that it is safer | 1 |
| The health information source | 1 |
| The internet | 1 |
| The medical advisors | 1 |
| The most appropriate,like having people teach more about this vaccine,in the most remote areas of the world | 1 |
| The one that that even u have vaccinated u can get infected but it wont be same as the one who did not get vaccinated | 1 |
| The owner and producer of the vaccine Pfeizer, if he got vaccinated before everyone and actually proved somehow if the vaccine is effective | 1 |
| The president when he said the vaccine was harmless | 1 |
| The Quora website | 1 |
| The scientific consensus | 1 |
| There should be a source that will also give us a guarantee that the vaccine will help | 1 |
| Tht it wil protect you | 1 |
| To see people heal since the vaccine have side effect | 1 |
| Too many fake news out there doing the rounds | 1 |
| Vaccinate don’t kill | 1 |
| Vaccination helpline | 1 |
| Vaccine | 1 |
| Well I watch news everyday,I have seen how people where dying,but since we have the vaccine at least we are surviving bit by bit | 1 |
| Well the government , and the health department always updates us on the deadly virus | 1 |
| When you want to vaccine no Havey sex no kissing someone else | 1 |
| When a nurse at our local clinic explained how it was good for my health and also help protect the ones I. Love, I did. It right away | 1 |
| When the manufacturers don’t want to release information on their products and you need a court order something is not ok. No trust in the government’s pushing this especially our corrupt South African government | 1 |
| WHO | 1 |
| WHO(World health orgarnisation) | 1 |
| World health organization | 1 |
2.3.2.5 rewards for vaxxing (n = 75)
| rewards for vaxxing | n |
|---|---|
| Money | 8 |
| Food vouchers | 3 |
| I don’t know | 3 |
| Grocery voucher | 2 |
| Vouchers | 2 |
| 😂😂 | 1 |
| 200 voucher | 1 |
| Airtime of 100 | 1 |
| Airtime vouchers would make a suitable reward for me. | 1 |
| Anything | 1 |
| Cash | 1 |
| Cash or food things are hard out here | 1 |
| Clinical trials | 1 |
| Consoles and money for people under the age of 30 | 1 |
| Covid 19 it can be reduced by covid 19 | 1 |
| Data or airtime | 1 |
| Food / clothes/ money | 1 |
| Food coupons | 1 |
| Food parcel or money | 1 |
| Food parcels | 1 |
| Food parcels Shelter | 1 |
| Food voucher | 1 |
| Food vouchers or cash or even food parcels | 1 |
| Free medical supplies in case it gets me sick | 1 |
| Getting a certificate and get verified that you vaccinated | 1 |
| Getting jobs if we vaccinate | 1 |
| Give me R2000 cash I’ll take the vaccine | 1 |
| I truly l can’t tell yuh what kind of reward can help but as for me any reward might help me | 1 |
| I’m done | 1 |
| I’m not really sure | 1 |
| I’m not working idont even get 350 what can i do to apply? | 1 |
| If I won’t get medicine voucher reward for negative side effects I would vaccinate as soon as tomorrow | 1 |
| 𝙄𝙛 𝙥𝙚𝙤𝙥𝙡𝙚 𝙬𝙝𝙤 𝙖𝙧𝙚 𝙫𝙖𝙘𝙘𝙞𝙣𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙖𝙧𝙚 𝙜𝙞𝙫𝙚𝙣 𝙢𝙤𝙣𝙚𝙮 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙫𝙖𝙘𝙘𝙞𝙣𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙜… 𝙏𝙝𝙚𝙣 𝙄’𝙡𝙡 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙗𝙖𝙗𝙡𝙮 𝙩𝙖𝙠𝙚 𝙢𝙮 𝙘𝙝𝙖𝙣𝙘𝙚 | 1 |
| Improving my community’s economic standing | 1 |
| Increase of SRD | 1 |
| It helped me against the covid | 1 |
| Like grocery or a cheque | 1 |
| Like mayb giving us food parcels | 1 |
| Maybe data bundles | 1 |
| maybe good parcels or vouchers | 1 |
| Maybe vouchers | 1 |
| Medical rewards in case the jab makes one sick | 1 |
| money , my family is doing bad financially | 1 |
| money is the best reward or even gift cards , Airtime and electricity | 1 |
| Money or food vouchers | 1 |
| Money or something tangible | 1 |
| My travel fair | 1 |
| Offer them groucary voucher | 1 |
| On the long run for example eventually everyone will have to get vaccinated and me already being vaccinated won’t have certain restrictions | 1 |
| People getting vouchers after they got vaccinated | 1 |
| Saving life is better reward | 1 |
| Shopping voucher. Airtime or money | 1 |
| Some healthy basic foods | 1 |
| Something like that you need at that time | 1 |
| Something that will encourage people to get it like cash or a voucher or something | 1 |
| The least is money | 1 |
| They give us vouchers | 1 |
| Through money and food to end poverty | 1 |
| To get to the stadium others neing offered money or vouchers | 1 |
| U tell | 1 |
| Voucher reward | 1 |
| Vouchers for food | 1 |
2.3.2.6 something else (n = 3)
| something else | n |
|---|---|
| Money | 1 |
| My family believes in making this world a better place | 1 |
| The government health system | 1 |
2.4 Ads Analysis
2.4.1 Costs - Overall
| Metric of Interest | Overall Value |
|---|---|
| Impressions (Total Count) | 525071 |
| Clickthrough (%) | 1.4% |
| Messages Sent (%) | 52.2% |
| Consent Obtained (%) | 68.1% |
| Core Survey Complete (%) | 85.1% |
| Treatment Complete (%) | 94.1% |
| Demo Questions Complete (%) | 95.1% |
| Full Survey Complete (%) | 98% |
| Total characters elicited per completed survey (treatment) | 20.01 |
| Avg characters elicited per completed survey (impediment explanations) | 5.77 |
| Cost per Impression | $0.002 |
| Cost per Link Click | $0.161 |
| Cost per Survey Complete (All participants) | $0.608 |
| Cost per Survey Complete (Unvax) | $1.593 |
| Cost per Survey Complete (Unvax, Open to Treatment) | $3.515 |
2.4.2 Costs per completed survey for every ad [Unvaxxed respondents]
Details on each of the 15 ads used can be found here.
2.4.2.1 By main impediment
Costs per completed survey broken down by ad for those with:
- motivation impediments
- ability impediments
2.4.2.2 By motivation sub-impediments
Costs per completed survey broken down by ad for those with motivation sub-impediments:
- No benefits
- Risky
- Against beliefs
2.4.2.3 By ability sub-impediments
Costs per completed survey broken down by ad for those with ability sub-impediments:
- No time
- No money
- No availability
Note: Blank cells represent no respondents for that ad-impediment combination.
2.4.2.4 By treatment preferred
Costs per completed survey broken down by ad and preferred treatments:
Note: Blank cells represent no respondents for that ad-impediment combination.
2.4.3 Motivational impediments by ad category clicked
2.4.4 Ability impediments by ad category clicked
Further ad-related analyses are being generated through a separate script here.
2.5 General Analysis
2.5.1 Duplicates
Based on phone_number:
We have 104 duplicated observations based on 34 phone numbers duplicated around 3.1 times.
Do duplicated observations originate from ad clicks (their first attempt)?
| from_ad | n | percent |
|---|---|---|
| FALSE | 13 | 0.3823529 |
| TRUE | 21 | 0.6176471 |
Do duplicated observations originate from ad clicks (their 2nd/3rd… attempts)?
| from_ad | n | percent |
|---|---|---|
| TRUE | 5 | 1 |
2.5.2 All crosstabs
General analyses of all pilot variables are being generated through a separate script here. List of analyses generated:
- 1-way crosstabs
- 2-way crosstabs by vaccination status
- 2-way crosstabs by motivation
- 2-way crosstabs by ability
- Free text response elaboration summaries