Ejercicio 1: Para una empresa se ha estimado un modelo que relaciona las ventas de 200 empresas, con su gasto en tv, radio, periódicos y la interacción entre tv y periódicos

1. Calcule las matrices A, P, M

load("~/EMA1182022/Archivos/modelo_ventas.RData")
MX<-model.matrix(modelo_ventas)
MXX<-t(MX)%*%MX
# Calculo de la matriz A
MA<-solve(MXX)%*%t(MX)
head(MA)
##                          1               2              3              4
## (Intercept) -0.01128647020  0.014103779728  0.03506391877  0.00042833810
## tv          -0.00006704103  0.000030949142 -0.00061201930 -0.00021206420
## periodico    0.00139818182 -0.001907246902 -0.00254688165  0.00022932432
## radio       -0.00058002134  0.000648666541 -0.00010932839 -0.00018997103
## tv:radio     0.00001481990  0.000001945347  0.00003260788  0.00001485919
##                          5              6               7               8
## (Intercept) -0.02802264005  0.04966825571  0.006721406058  0.013685771163
## tv           0.00156830834 -0.00096215598  0.000111663780 -0.000326611039
## periodico    0.00023142788 -0.00327078177 -0.001147087178  0.000018738210
## radio        0.00061595623 -0.00033083611  0.000772490837 -0.000100744979
## tv:radio    -0.00003937064  0.00004642785 -0.000008511094  0.000004091601
##                          9              10               11             12
## (Intercept)  0.06237349027  0.019005753345  0.0190774881507  0.00360558894
## tv          -0.00140215257 -0.000194663316  0.0000131809233 -0.00039756395
## periodico   -0.00123590258  0.000225171010 -0.0005248899956  0.00094786986
## radio       -0.00131344307 -0.000735913630 -0.0003341352189 -0.00006782492
## tv:radio     0.00004044251  0.000007159682  0.0000007922246  0.00000221642
##                          13             14              15             16
## (Intercept)  0.014899113818  0.03634139729 -0.011844700457 -0.00371574112
## tv           0.000213286058 -0.00085844430  0.000196044767 -0.00048543648
## periodico   -0.002038352833 -0.00023578263  0.000811932802  0.00097903989
## radio        0.000336815220 -0.00089476990  0.000067852348 -0.00029853987
## tv:radio     0.000005251734  0.00002304953 -0.000002557309  0.00002032708
##                         17             18              19              20
## (Intercept)  0.01533281090 -0.01698619508  0.013579431193  0.003694513315
## tv           0.00003888414 -0.00013321239 -0.000102411708 -0.000053437811
## periodico   -0.00123652539  0.00195099121 -0.000580428810  0.000138506238
## radio       -0.00083378557 -0.00044690226  0.000145541883  0.000151937838
## tv:radio     0.00003057413  0.00001102821 -0.000000845325 -0.000003078161
##                          21              22            23              24
## (Intercept) -0.015735702231  0.010614027039  0.0039565024 -0.001153283948
## tv           0.000494790312 -0.000052925056  0.0010010281  0.000090362439
## periodico    0.000793792331  0.000598233661 -0.0020168690  0.000758430507
## radio        0.000066848849 -0.000626475545  0.0008051669 -0.000180595683
## tv:radio    -0.000008570347  0.000002653757 -0.0000242403 -0.000003687696
##                          25              26              27              28
## (Intercept)  0.020932126859  0.017662003516  0.001906479731  0.000459166814
## tv          -0.000212519874 -0.000294160295 -0.000060899474 -0.000027522912
## periodico   -0.000575150168  0.000571758575 -0.000044632121  0.000892483305
## radio       -0.000222315654 -0.000842174697  0.000474802108 -0.000270548547
## tv:radio     0.000004605371  0.000009579634 -0.000006627237 -0.000001017345
##                          29             30              31             32
## (Intercept) -0.009229296933 -0.00074255704 -0.020737133237 -0.00169324433
## tv           0.000025600123  0.00064847607  0.000302455839  0.00053023898
## periodico    0.001140034360 -0.00063161328  0.001724818959 -0.00031085451
## radio        0.000072298919  0.00034965909 -0.000097870752  0.00025494172
## tv:radio    -0.000005118001 -0.00001618543 -0.000006563958 -0.00001343427
##                          33             34             35             36
## (Intercept)  0.008864197705  0.01027581678  0.04236431872  0.03033028408
## tv           0.000349355310 -0.00066871791 -0.00106304463 -0.00092566223
## periodico   -0.000041683492  0.00119509517  0.00006961331  0.00082003595
## radio       -0.000335141773 -0.00044960780 -0.00136411967 -0.00130298655
## tv:radio    -0.000007465636  0.00001074002  0.00003137340  0.00002639173
##                         37             38              39              40
## (Intercept) -0.03691371138  0.01189641422  0.008312017572 -0.016421791419
## tv           0.00035119573 -0.00034519692  0.000282477316  0.000055370346
## periodico    0.00199878941 -0.00124947589 -0.001302070784  0.001259943073
## radio        0.00110703560  0.00045954540  0.000562172245  0.000254407845
## tv:radio    -0.00002740139  0.00001270793 -0.000008200132 -0.000004675563
##                          41              42              43             44
## (Intercept) -0.007098668942 -0.006645942619 -0.007827522911  0.00562418953
## tv           0.000222581337  0.000155364334 -0.000299207325  0.00010847218
## periodico    0.000747334684  0.000268389768  0.001648736739  0.00051002693
## radio        0.000029797138  0.000282618270  0.000056961391 -0.00039368776
## tv:radio    -0.000007123256 -0.000004170304 -0.000003001041 -0.00000234203
##                         45              46             47             48
## (Intercept)  0.00884005605 -0.002874908479  0.00100977476 -0.02451539730
## tv           0.00046057305  0.000228756456  0.00056234506  0.00014158543
## periodico   -0.00171033165  0.000265781998 -0.00025382772  0.00152356607
## radio        0.00063601703  0.000136973068  0.00008691167  0.00066324823
## tv:radio    -0.00001057989 -0.000007309017 -0.00001413098 -0.00001407076
##                         49             50             51             52
## (Intercept) -0.01878764724  0.00272615988 -0.00178738864  0.03598768964
## tv           0.00095991001  0.00058696509  0.00060244753 -0.00096600682
## periodico    0.00053544810 -0.00060557497  0.00034275541 -0.00005860236
## radio        0.00026402722  0.00021734621 -0.00018745312 -0.00090579432
## tv:radio    -0.00002327068 -0.00001482293 -0.00001462919  0.00002476176
##                          53             54              55             56
## (Intercept) -0.015681810129  0.00074396845 -0.011168389305  0.00002541883
## tv          -0.000067159493 -0.00051349075 -0.000062236867 -0.00074494491
## periodico    0.001345269333  0.00072784252  0.001418155003  0.00125889173
## radio        0.000103698401 -0.00043431222  0.000114865241 -0.00068987402
## tv:radio     0.000001767024  0.00002405979 -0.000005442162  0.00003168547
##                         57              58              59              60
## (Intercept)  0.01831083030  0.010653820682 -0.015790159420 -0.005853894390
## tv           0.00037974671 -0.000185452442 -0.000211903555 -0.000115582009
## periodico   -0.00266494448  0.000025266826  0.001251591776  0.000891572787
## radio        0.00085114752 -0.000065272194  0.000267070291  0.000307153563
## tv:radio    -0.00000890655  0.000001426743  0.000004245123 -0.000006380628
##                          61             62              63              64
## (Intercept)  0.024987561800 -0.01302879544 -0.002445181178  0.004949872745
## tv          -0.000173057706 -0.00028160660  0.000128664831 -0.000096027177
## periodico   -0.000434643049  0.00173643412  0.000887450274 -0.000331339214
## radio       -0.000610378781 -0.00043427213 -0.000232545627  0.000581957346
## tv:radio     0.000006783625  0.00001501912 -0.000004268503 -0.000007163908
##                         65             66               67             68
## (Intercept) -0.00821712853  0.04273553577  0.0229473149842  0.01820829672
## tv           0.00006580937 -0.00110033999 -0.0003618915503 -0.00052137470
## periodico    0.00001079112 -0.00041586509 -0.0012710528427  0.00037421605
## radio        0.00072776383 -0.00093213639  0.0004476366163 -0.00050459832
## tv:radio    -0.00000712428  0.00002837397  0.0000006298279  0.00001117128
##                         69              70              71              72
## (Intercept) -0.00587330896 -0.019410327467 -0.010929740347  0.001720050399
## tv          -0.00015525538  0.000059280863  0.000208663285  0.000322859874
## periodico    0.00114264022  0.001140588393  0.000751392556  0.000022233140
## radio        0.00012267595  0.000570942606  0.000152655637  0.000009188374
## tv:radio    -0.00000395234 -0.000008096259 -0.000005496981 -0.000008621258
##                          73              74              75             76
## (Intercept)  0.014155913033  0.004183081585  0.000096498081  0.04133114660
## tv           0.000108055467  0.000387042857 -0.000182478045 -0.00071691915
## periodico   -0.001983762315  0.000107969277  0.000778771733 -0.00259939839
## radio        0.001013932711 -0.000213930377  0.000032463947 -0.00064778051
## tv:radio    -0.000009976884 -0.000009149524 -0.000001450933  0.00004497655
##                          77              78             79              80
## (Intercept)  0.029052219752  0.004019870279  0.02568587940  0.014215520541
## tv          -0.000213088043 -0.000054586137 -0.00002185503 -0.000049182026
## periodico   -0.000740382123 -0.000223275356 -0.00276030449  0.000039133548
## radio       -0.000591894264  0.000460017434  0.00111509664 -0.000423521968
## tv:radio     0.000008015092 -0.000005969221 -0.00000879480  0.000001929415
##                          81            82              83              84
## (Intercept)  0.008345104731 -0.0067821677  0.004921867503  0.005786401831
## tv           0.000056112718  0.0007153471  0.000298223994 -0.000016296534
## periodico   -0.000802770542  0.0005249677 -0.000613853773 -0.001299317483
## radio        0.000474863427 -0.0001189448  0.000286351652  0.000828294453
## tv:radio    -0.000005880627 -0.0000177861 -0.000008593964 -0.000001622635
##                          85             86              87             88
## (Intercept) -0.015196826163 -0.02826803967  0.009478256801  0.00697422257
## tv          -0.000019107862  0.00135194466 -0.000035948293 -0.00019524819
## periodico    0.001025333548  0.00045642150 -0.000779061930 -0.00042841743
## radio        0.000362986505  0.00046608800  0.000520009708 -0.00015610155
## tv:radio    -0.000002475481 -0.00003065541 -0.000005520579  0.00001652708
##                         89             90            91             92
## (Intercept) -0.01345947077  0.00933095016  0.0324700557  0.01006201929
## tv           0.00101277100 -0.00042350545 -0.0008446069  0.00055051470
## periodico   -0.00055310023 -0.00060621191  0.0003259917 -0.00069641935
## radio        0.00040642574  0.00009972553 -0.0011152082 -0.00006211493
## tv:radio    -0.00001719827  0.00001793239  0.0000238975 -0.00001293978
##                          93             94            95              96
## (Intercept) -0.012561667584 -0.01359268266  0.0226058265 -0.008511490317
## tv           0.000232457597  0.00002954089 -0.0004968032  0.000309545708
## periodico    0.000875090545  0.00148757677 -0.0001259276  0.000288419189
## radio       -0.000128556632 -0.00059940482 -0.0004127950  0.000113139890
## tv:radio     0.000001429484  0.00001306496  0.0000108430 -0.000003180198
##                         97              98             99             100
## (Intercept)  0.03711720155  0.000973109872 -0.01776733122 -0.000306931148
## tv          -0.00109143130 -0.000019982349 -0.00022920641 -0.000098468643
## periodico    0.00056483304  0.000543224560  0.00208921866 -0.000150663149
## radio       -0.00139218359 -0.000039807925 -0.00039761456  0.000243435856
## tv:radio     0.00003115892 -0.000002490315  0.00001179114  0.000005777537
##                       101            102             103             104
## (Intercept) -0.0225338310 -0.01477602943  0.006267206369  0.007047657756
## tv           0.0014546750  0.00002311872 -0.000136410903 -0.000186875718
## periodico    0.0002772215  0.00191700120  0.000964993794  0.000550081239
## radio        0.0004411293 -0.00122375976 -0.000580253503 -0.000256494905
## tv:radio    -0.0000376632  0.00002504818  0.000003477592  0.000002322845
##                         105            106             107             108
## (Intercept) -0.015584348939  0.00606196517  0.015896337611  0.021292700367
## tv           0.000008587482 -0.00051842974  0.000293954503 -0.000076845097
## periodico    0.001254319136  0.00016389592 -0.001228173794 -0.000183639474
## radio        0.000591893676 -0.00032987456  0.000150658879 -0.000650144117
## tv:radio    -0.000013381956  0.00002443714 -0.000007469916  0.000004553308
##                          109             110            111             112
## (Intercept)  0.0259081117932 -0.005860740324 -0.03061336840 -0.018733131894
## tv           0.0000990139053 -0.000268584134  0.00161850702  0.000081711294
## periodico   -0.0011455106749  0.001438677829  0.00051166319  0.001331666756
## radio       -0.0003291803759  0.000033869706  0.00056348576  0.000439565172
## tv:radio    -0.0000002575464 -0.000002297405 -0.00004137368 -0.000009291272
##                        113             114            115              116
## (Intercept)  0.02231473162  0.006912749678  0.00350450818  0.0057889554831
## tv          -0.00078956888 -0.000340935519 -0.00003798319  0.0001746561394
## periodico    0.00054611658  0.000711647822 -0.00114787787 -0.0010782704889
## radio       -0.00063433762 -0.000199410936  0.00087218898  0.0003540656623
## tv:radio     0.00001686494  0.000003836647 -0.00000186540  0.0000009186797
##                         117            118            119             120
## (Intercept)  0.007621528529  0.03207311114  0.00348876480  0.023749714363
## tv           0.000084597739 -0.00061246798  0.00002447478  0.000002781209
## periodico   -0.000008596092  0.00003257176 -0.00028204609 -0.001641919181
## radio       -0.000112009007 -0.00105955721 -0.00037873008  0.000235882012
## tv:radio    -0.000003007049  0.00001919778  0.00001640435 -0.000001574375
##                         121            122           123            124
## (Intercept) -0.008371458679  0.00579076808  0.0246214091 -0.00227449922
## tv           0.000433253314  0.00077346417 -0.0005429257  0.00007232554
## periodico    0.000163710546 -0.00193425007  0.0005456834 -0.00029428162
## radio        0.000230048851  0.00073326798 -0.0010511815  0.00083239722
## tv:radio    -0.000009110407 -0.00001741039  0.0000166963 -0.00001233571
##                         125             126             127            128
## (Intercept) -0.016078222443  0.011484301170  0.024292095391  0.04260889135
## tv           0.000403387727  0.000102516148  0.000039115008 -0.00099042499
## periodico    0.000997828788 -0.000313829344 -0.002941077130 -0.00005357818
## radio       -0.000299975517 -0.000121803519  0.000741096734 -0.00134594321
## tv:radio     0.000002109399 -0.000002888536  0.000004259761  0.00002996835
##                        129            130            131            132
## (Intercept) -0.04184894876 -0.00340210494  0.02635875495 -0.01680636474
## tv           0.00060133947  0.00085499383  0.00030830294  0.00110001765
## periodico    0.00149779495 -0.00064927980 -0.00434810562  0.00066593110
## radio        0.00165705121  0.00038887607  0.00208020059  0.00008961022
## tv:radio    -0.00003768111 -0.00002141744 -0.00002206911 -0.00002816220
##                        133             134            135            136
## (Intercept)  0.02919608430 -0.012799174302  0.01695419897 -0.00456404857
## tv          -0.00022524016  0.000167341441 -0.00004276786  0.00049170331
## periodico   -0.00247706077  0.000947591304 -0.00176944627 -0.00200884389
## radio        0.00090330909  0.000048936950  0.00014621124  0.00205837354
## tv:radio    -0.00000435789 -0.000002109586  0.00001305045 -0.00003052679
##                        137             138             139            140
## (Intercept)  0.00778594521 -0.022596153125  0.014558760948 -0.02706944785
## tv           0.00023732597  0.000501127883  0.000030221347  0.00043062493
## periodico   -0.00212530270  0.001495386134 -0.001362977777  0.00069016250
## radio        0.00155063090 -0.000139327979  0.000563911227  0.00150299208
## tv:radio    -0.00001977492 -0.000006599755 -0.000005442513 -0.00003119953
##                         141           142             143            144
## (Intercept)  0.020217704051 -0.0082726940 -0.014022424717  0.00168474054
## tv          -0.000338761324  0.0001422678  0.000137252931  0.00056054532
## periodico   -0.000472916959  0.0007072714  0.001111115544 -0.00007458885
## radio       -0.000126687558 -0.0004324584  0.000110590807 -0.00006142670
## tv:radio     0.000005712816  0.0000109961 -0.000004031128 -0.00001374589
##                        145            146            147            148
## (Intercept) -0.00198829800  0.03763194326  0.02629464036 -0.01543522339
## tv           0.00060063272 -0.00095187216 -0.00081254970 -0.00036412185
## periodico   -0.00031062935  0.00025268846  0.00074360036  0.00173390852
## radio        0.00023599016 -0.00130077426 -0.00107440049 -0.00012045260
## tv:radio    -0.00001515365  0.00002809328  0.00002194616  0.00001218465
##                        149             150            151            152
## (Intercept)  0.00403254897  0.013338479273 -0.01215692775 -0.01696418130
## tv           0.00024965446  0.000027895532  0.00051576139  0.00122943937
## periodico   -0.00181365109 -0.001219077194  0.00104733986  0.00004097211
## radio        0.00149714575  0.000528800275 -0.00010471182  0.00041295892
## tv:radio    -0.00001947075 -0.000005332999 -0.00001315815 -0.00003126069
##                         153             154             155            156
## (Intercept)  0.001417534822 -0.008470399675  0.007947807307  0.04992101740
## tv          -0.000186653453  0.000013929832 -0.000357034184 -0.00074406765
## periodico    0.000739771135  0.000456080437  0.000603260782 -0.00226306936
## radio       -0.000026698877  0.000326717452 -0.000156384232 -0.00023230271
## tv:radio    -0.000000566054 -0.000001153531  0.000003807189  0.00001812879
##                        157             158              159            160
## (Intercept)  0.00778287975  0.016044205762  0.0198020921866 -0.00083849089
## tv          -0.00021113564 -0.000010068402  0.0001294379729  0.00037522400
## periodico   -0.00077083109  0.000141570665 -0.0026390976690 -0.00007396010
## radio        0.00022254888 -0.000633397205  0.0008090011419  0.00015964400
## tv:radio     0.00001127609  0.000002441521 -0.0000006920975 -0.00001006745
##                         161              162             163           164
## (Intercept) -0.001790463491  0.0046878588293  0.000641191193 -0.0113002582
## tv           0.000243976491  0.0001313245628  0.000075684680  0.0001188405
## periodico    0.000371379207 -0.0009227419417  0.000527587196  0.0003582426
## radio        0.000004212692  0.0003693030404 -0.000100996155  0.0009174504
## tv:radio    -0.000007238300  0.0000007849008 -0.000003640183 -0.0000166088
##                        165            166            167             168
## (Intercept)  0.02587324499 -0.07225833746  0.01468504348  0.016653514998
## tv          -0.00069122946  0.00355381404  0.00016799347 -0.000278836159
## periodico   -0.00003379496  0.00018304394 -0.00246725793  0.000531485509
## radio       -0.00050191766  0.00189664307  0.00127380853 -0.000762066393
## tv:radio     0.00001503164 -0.00009459444 -0.00001194893  0.000008659777
##                       169            170             171            172
## (Intercept) -0.0202275264  0.02145995752  0.024433979551 -0.01151738746
## tv           0.0007922543 -0.00082193713 -0.000215338084  0.00067982384
## periodico    0.0007450594  0.00106072925 -0.000878903608  0.00019398865
## radio        0.0001652481 -0.00099540350 -0.000200975390  0.00025915032
## tv:radio    -0.0000160912  0.00002053574  0.000005026328 -0.00001576635
##                          173            174            175             176
## (Intercept)  0.0235756400961  0.02514494140  0.02775837039 -0.021103947078
## tv          -0.0001232980468 -0.00059562607 -0.00066961037 -0.000312707438
## periodico   -0.0015784204846  0.00031894679  0.00047486399  0.002179846329
## radio        0.0003275548165 -0.00085657634 -0.00108649690 -0.000111475421
## tv:radio    -0.0000003579651  0.00001637958  0.00001978627  0.000009318024
##                        177            178             179             180
## (Intercept) -0.01266987581 -0.00181364734  0.012597917565  0.015766611551
## tv           0.00001151397  0.00056422607 -0.000052667635 -0.000302612184
## periodico    0.00133066382  0.00016722575  0.000560014361  0.000378948165
## radio        0.00016996396 -0.00005098358 -0.000713286259 -0.000567858400
## tv:radio    -0.00000642050 -0.00001404644  0.000003337299  0.000007731302
##                       181             182            183            184
## (Intercept)  0.0375360999  0.006249894866  0.01182661003 -0.01048364001
## tv          -0.0009729864  0.000166421440  0.00031343971 -0.00052366780
## periodico    0.0002714128  0.000477573166 -0.00052064220  0.00227758259
## radio       -0.0012900129 -0.000444787514 -0.00013754438 -0.00108855870
## tv:radio     0.0000283698 -0.000003254349 -0.00000715736  0.00003015597
##                        185            186             187             188
## (Intercept) -0.00878542694 -0.02403900996  0.012112048659 -0.004594159372
## tv           0.00018271141  0.00018060293  0.000133139885 -0.000015963520
## periodico    0.00108395802  0.00115362937  0.000138903045  0.000616178833
## radio       -0.00007791804  0.00087000126 -0.000505287750  0.000269956649
## tv:radio    -0.00000628598 -0.00001563611 -0.000001664489 -0.000005867028
##                        189              190            191            192
## (Intercept)  0.01849130882  0.0234202371995  0.00170359876  0.03410061697
## tv          -0.00081441237  0.0000187047846  0.00032730615 -0.00080167299
## periodico    0.00112799685 -0.0013998890588 -0.00188675507 -0.00036176657
## radio       -0.00084391921  0.0000586567527  0.00172810634 -0.00068749942
## tv:radio     0.00001843973 -0.0000008807575 -0.00002479561  0.00001995866
##                        193            194            195            196
## (Intercept)  0.01595370696 -0.02143366996 -0.00858635415  0.03609474671
## tv           0.00044877998  0.00033114925  0.00008016567 -0.00059753273
## periodico   -0.00121850007  0.00049794605  0.00023567381 -0.00062652493
## radio        0.00004599813  0.00134310708  0.00088908809 -0.00080528477
## tv:radio    -0.00001048754 -0.00002656952 -0.00001558263  0.00001780196
##                        197            198            199           200
## (Intercept)  0.03769835435  0.02808613397 -0.01282058462  0.0246735133
## tv          -0.00090291732 -0.00085615088 -0.00037778479 -0.0007715129
## periodico   -0.00008300596  0.00052741693  0.00213262423  0.0007233832
## radio       -0.00107306292 -0.00096939133 -0.00084263918 -0.0009870685
## tv:radio     0.00002548349  0.00002210282  0.00002311277  0.0000202718
#Calcilo de la matriz P
MP<-MX%*%MA
head(MP)
##             1             2           3            4             5           6
## 1 0.031814594  0.0037034602  0.01758786  0.022508722  0.0059178537  0.01974129
## 2 0.003703460  0.0246048049  0.03447285  0.012120221 -0.0004597074  0.04154714
## 3 0.017587861  0.0344728495  0.06766822  0.026410473 -0.0141470892  0.08506815
## 4 0.022508722  0.0121202208  0.02641047  0.020319815 -0.0016776287  0.03138114
## 5 0.005917854 -0.0004597074 -0.01414709 -0.001677629  0.0483724641 -0.02300480
## 6 0.019741287  0.0415471420  0.08506815  0.031381139 -0.0230047960  0.10805317
##              7             8             9           10           11
## 1 -0.003964913 -0.0016071128 -0.0058291615  0.001421804 -0.002168503
## 2  0.015101307  0.0024432890  0.0063462287 -0.003663155  0.002485740
## 3  0.012176441 -0.0003834528  0.0220657545 -0.003394744  0.002292606
## 4  0.003373267  0.0006504267  0.0009492958 -0.001311471 -0.001747623
## 5  0.001419930 -0.0036539819 -0.0241326482  0.007110009  0.009967185
## 6  0.013397526 -0.0005956252  0.0324090899 -0.003700809  0.002853121
##              12          13            14          15           16         17
## 1  0.0002759271 0.011079803 -0.0018040194 0.015540826  0.026214803 0.03915388
## 2 -0.0032037695 0.025864615  0.0008626337 0.003574967  0.008868805 0.02564936
## 3 -0.0111934245 0.042888059  0.0069060350 0.004272134  0.022703414 0.06550938
## 4  0.0004375016 0.016265742  0.0004952366 0.011268392  0.022780018 0.03416510
## 5 -0.0067191936 0.008010246 -0.0119590637 0.009198107 -0.009839149 0.01193130
## 6 -0.0145749642 0.051950428  0.0110403269 0.002643624  0.026876592 0.08070465
##             18            19           20           21            22
## 1  0.028866660 -0.0030446199  0.000749125  0.016155514  0.0034333941
## 2 -0.000720293  0.0071457201  0.003240265  0.002271601 -0.0054681525
## 3  0.006492895  0.0050758153 -0.001537902  0.001742739 -0.0078040763
## 4  0.019501862  0.0008189455  0.001968809  0.009949161 -0.0008765953
## 5  0.002531157  0.0011497447  0.002059947  0.018716452  0.0101482600
## 6  0.005662454  0.0057362342 -0.003175472 -0.001073962 -0.0099500685
##             23           24            25           26           27
## 1 -0.004316663  0.005388466 -0.0028420546  0.003165795 -0.002681876
## 2  0.016806251 -0.002823854  0.0047916106 -0.005776572  0.005609148
## 3  0.014422778 -0.007857187  0.0053003997 -0.005590199 -0.002015896
## 4 -0.000107821  0.001795623 -0.0001953947 -0.000605781  0.001115757
## 5  0.029805892  0.009631299  0.0016052193  0.004805308 -0.001277872
## 6  0.014983505 -0.011271156  0.0068710163 -0.006332393 -0.004069901
##             28           29           30           31            32
## 1  0.005390598  0.007082428 0.0010532517  0.017442057  0.0026253735
## 2 -0.003936020 -0.002448325 0.0069889995 -0.004638734  0.0051955492
## 3 -0.008802296 -0.009814065 0.0028884407 -0.009107492  0.0011305214
## 4  0.001728407  0.003979545 0.0008445642  0.008964771  0.0016461471
## 5  0.006801279  0.004524996 0.0225484790  0.013979429  0.0195427955
## 6 -0.012140107 -0.014335892 0.0010838046 -0.014493445 -0.0009670167
##               33            34            35            36            37
## 1 -0.00007829225  0.0015102737  0.0008416577  0.0041787942  0.0017327653
## 2 -0.00221677583 -0.0060880287 -0.0028577552 -0.0073185847 -0.0053479204
## 3 -0.00644336221 -0.0114263483  0.0065243581 -0.0020501923 -0.0303344305
## 4 -0.00334836745  0.0006446965  0.0009256259  0.0013001052  0.0001262853
## 5  0.02040057341 -0.0114424018 -0.0137641346 -0.0105763886  0.0040538823
## 6 -0.00900292961 -0.0138701490  0.0114936966 -0.0001144943 -0.0425433040
##            38           39            40            41          42
## 1  0.01100707 -0.001115782  0.0126410441  0.0073136600 0.009811140
## 2  0.02391753  0.015069418  0.0008899392 -0.0007424149 0.006867569
## 3  0.03786954  0.015498591 -0.0040621941 -0.0060140321 0.006323815
## 4  0.01826930  0.004154417  0.0093369705  0.0037685103 0.009004553
## 5 -0.01140309  0.008911453  0.0028637360  0.0113697277 0.006311546
## 6  0.04608851  0.017539147 -0.0079045093 -0.0096917200 0.005464233
##              43            44            45           46           47
## 1  0.0022075484  0.0033944730 -0.0007196211  0.004887768  0.000636477
## 2 -0.0072554645 -0.0038024488  0.0180678107  0.002634461  0.002101190
## 3 -0.0201607339 -0.0076354001  0.0203916189 -0.001512283 -0.003339865
## 4  0.0002723174 -0.0005124565  0.0048484101  0.003422348 -0.001340547
## 5 -0.0053101606  0.0128093190  0.0138702814  0.010782422  0.022602305
## 6 -0.0266180754 -0.0104089307  0.0233681422 -0.003912381 -0.006217283
##             48            49            50           51            52
## 1  0.007218179  0.0085812388 -0.0005966116  0.002124699 -0.0016233017
## 2 -0.001158588 -0.0007964303  0.0051694004 -0.004348470  0.0001020848
## 3 -0.014848525 -0.0091883803  0.0005973611 -0.011987797  0.0056863913
## 4  0.005349817  0.0019540716 -0.0009760684 -0.003289900  0.0008084888
## 5  0.001695566  0.0323525873  0.0221912225  0.026565676 -0.0153479213
## 6 -0.022098485 -0.0153734645 -0.0013464757 -0.016954994  0.0096356490
##               53           54           55           56           57
## 1  0.01794311515  0.027813359  0.005972562  0.033101095 -0.005429990
## 2  0.00248737108  0.010730919 -0.004358107  0.008569113  0.025385846
## 3  0.00255547165  0.028524124 -0.014331057  0.029230585  0.030580388
## 4  0.01382880419  0.024362404  0.003022021  0.027797530  0.004858263
## 5 -0.00001551011 -0.009370305  0.001299242 -0.014705638  0.009685108
## 6  0.00051857897  0.034474036 -0.019967656  0.035690206  0.036560576
##              58           59            60            61           62
## 1 -0.0003563637  0.018405772  0.0007718026 -0.0019216266  0.028730158
## 2  0.0025162950  0.005689590 -0.0010323673  0.0006979854  0.001883112
## 3 -0.0004207625  0.006926438 -0.0117697000  0.0025139247  0.011445493
## 4  0.0010236294  0.016254362  0.0011481807 -0.0019962776  0.020972764
## 5  0.0003442756 -0.006457950 -0.0018097259  0.0069605734 -0.002291898
## 6 -0.0010324225  0.005957259 -0.0164843646  0.0039102251  0.012199763
##             63             64            65            66           67
## 1  0.006115473 -0.00575888212  0.0054494293 -0.0036138722 -0.011617705
## 2 -0.004117580  0.00734651661  0.0108369324  0.0024431192  0.012115501
## 3 -0.009526818 -0.00086188472  0.0071867691  0.0100832760  0.008597360
## 4  0.001582491 -0.00007101528  0.0086763845  0.0007278373 -0.001728730
## 5  0.011313231 -0.00316567129 -0.0008682326 -0.0190600226 -0.009352013
## 6 -0.013431892 -0.00245372803  0.0062556242  0.0156958702  0.010853193
##              68           69            70            71            72
## 1  0.0005469009  0.002934147  0.0103026731  0.0115071337  0.0023494857
## 2 -0.0014442658 -0.003175949  0.0032133517  0.0025518083  0.0015927828
## 3 -0.0020694491 -0.012947005 -0.0042415718  0.0000402868 -0.0027003456
## 4  0.0007813228  0.001700562  0.0091774525  0.0082015202  0.0005687564
## 5 -0.0058163138 -0.001368084 -0.0001750268  0.0091307843  0.0155235094
## 6 -0.0019046559 -0.017786805 -0.0085259610 -0.0025652860 -0.0050745314
##              73           74           75          76           77
## 1 -0.0099782744  0.001333042  0.002111718  0.02743539 -0.003463964
## 2  0.0205623129 -0.001862759 -0.001329879  0.03622436  0.002686720
## 3  0.0179995065 -0.006913584 -0.008431787  0.08080567  0.005726683
## 4  0.0015483245 -0.002118511  0.001664044  0.03321476 -0.002190870
## 5 -0.0004663288  0.020097952 -0.001078586 -0.01269759  0.005719769
## 6  0.0209680704 -0.010028399 -0.011716008  0.10212156  0.008191585
##              78           79            80           81           82
## 1 -0.0029172672 -0.017683650  0.0007147327 -0.002945595  0.003301367
## 2  0.0067346299  0.024228182 -0.0008202598  0.010766108 -0.005259489
## 3  0.0002880732  0.021708315 -0.0021312910  0.007858672 -0.014361239
## 4  0.0012727699 -0.001853458 -0.0007675508  0.002180415 -0.003106977
## 5 -0.0008449312 -0.004702395  0.0084909965  0.002685843  0.029263537
## 6 -0.0010789394  0.026445857 -0.0028254636  0.008427233 -0.020398275
##             83           84            85           86            87
## 1 0.0003371442  0.003008872  0.0133864079  0.012804381 -0.0050107774
## 2 0.0080091104  0.021214491  0.0044826317  0.001434141  0.0104062858
## 3 0.0056872082  0.025430724  0.0018014995 -0.006450985  0.0060499645
## 4 0.0020745524  0.011083875  0.0116644922  0.004448956  0.0011010411
## 5 0.0120916478 -0.004004360 -0.0007270034  0.042272137 -0.0005368574
## 6 0.0053531520  0.029761661 -0.0005762994 -0.013222963  0.0063546389
##             88         89          90            91           92          93
## 1  0.021325247 0.01477712  0.01730354  0.0015829227 -0.003428544 0.021743646
## 2  0.016871282 0.01195406  0.01962937 -0.0037024430  0.002271494 0.004504497
## 3  0.034864659 0.01553121  0.03596225  0.0017972966 -0.002274857 0.010332240
## 4  0.021109728 0.01078879  0.02078517  0.0007708485 -0.004445140 0.015370593
## 5 -0.001216796 0.03209347 -0.01083455 -0.0096213148  0.024396046 0.011815717
## 6  0.042225687 0.01531560  0.04384692  0.0045820694 -0.004157674 0.010129518
##            94            95          96           97            98           99
## 1 0.032844286 -0.0017969091 0.015241189  0.002952671  0.0035767892  0.028356283
## 2 0.002810524  0.0018859775 0.007258299 -0.005717905 -0.0002569184 -0.001103946
## 3 0.016334217  0.0025491337 0.010699649  0.001945193 -0.0051082293  0.005033977
## 4 0.022465802  0.0003619854 0.011921848  0.001502198  0.0021930049  0.019541145
## 5 0.009089004 -0.0056512310 0.012502683 -0.014719072  0.0048131207 -0.001059394
## 6 0.017938274  0.0040199493 0.010650219  0.005524197 -0.0076941858  0.003885221
##            100          101         102           103          104
## 1  0.013863910  0.002413055 0.048451432  0.0053168995  0.002653151
## 2  0.013492546 -0.003463899 0.002505832 -0.0064891634 -0.001622762
## 3  0.021019326 -0.018700619 0.028158653 -0.0097834932 -0.005171523
## 4  0.015158105 -0.005084294 0.032017325  0.0005771213  0.001310801
## 5 -0.001727939  0.047004605 0.013885205  0.0066758788  0.001925084
## 6  0.024316278 -0.027995795 0.032782646 -0.0126359821 -0.007031004
##              105         106          107           108          109
## 1  0.00009995288  0.02526116 -0.004749254 -0.0007485001 -0.005672610
## 2 -0.00260929368  0.01473435  0.009061668 -0.0015631086  0.005067056
## 3 -0.01872241182  0.03424913  0.007999778 -0.0010986470  0.006187925
## 4  0.00023665627  0.02418343 -0.001454019 -0.0024500010 -0.003708917
## 5 -0.00094993885 -0.01024973  0.014135529  0.0102863033  0.013195848
## 6 -0.02604391369  0.04185212  0.009071375 -0.0008856774  0.008045006
##             110          111           112           113          114
## 1  0.0026188337  0.005771231  0.0086629510 -0.0001175903  0.001545444
## 2 -0.0057525446 -0.003484357 -0.0003918361 -0.0026527589 -0.002098966
## 3 -0.0168470426 -0.019432650 -0.0100643251 -0.0027944289 -0.007044843
## 4  0.0008908024 -0.003153845  0.0063886779  0.0007764986  0.001167366
## 5 -0.0040703359  0.050498338  0.0021044217 -0.0129649799 -0.003551416
## 6 -0.0224155724 -0.029724867 -0.0155977870 -0.0021378444 -0.009213841
##            115         116           117           118         119          120
## 1  0.003597274 0.009832110  0.0011860601  0.0005756822 0.027543034 -0.007546088
## 2  0.020824272 0.017995010  0.0016157498 -0.0028243277 0.015850759  0.013278881
## 3  0.024296887 0.027038525 -0.0013020365  0.0023639602 0.037358217  0.014491705
## 4  0.011561255 0.012900823  0.0005203164 -0.0005306074 0.023694853 -0.000524932
## 5 -0.005278239 0.006482524  0.0093448438 -0.0026096379 0.007535961  0.004285915
## 6  0.028199734 0.031807687 -0.0026011247  0.0049680355 0.044936677  0.017897096
##           121          122           123           124         125
## 1 0.010092883 -0.001256304  0.0030494045 -0.0045758255 0.028066830
## 2 0.005764217  0.018516539 -0.0059078442  0.0087758902 0.004441707
## 3 0.004755727  0.019680129 -0.0030689587 -0.0010304012 0.014097201
## 4 0.007492325  0.003474396 -0.0001193038  0.0010866591 0.018687216
## 5 0.015780813  0.022947464 -0.0008682083 -0.0006374068 0.018442316
## 6 0.003138228  0.021878187 -0.0023381941 -0.0035058869 0.014427641
##             126          127           128           129            130
## 1 -0.0005171007  0.001157018  0.0004007523 -0.0030631966  0.00009101935
## 2  0.0029373475  0.032144210 -0.0023952609 -0.0008164906  0.00572752482
## 3  0.0008912172  0.047216834  0.0070207827 -0.0300466960 -0.00046601269
## 4 -0.0003336806  0.013069487  0.0004954016 -0.0015646169 -0.00108166432
## 5  0.0102855100 -0.000672922 -0.0115576380  0.0067207540  0.02884527971
## 6  0.0003635419  0.057912269  0.0120335412 -0.0431300359 -0.00348480049
##            131          132          133         134         135          136
## 1 -0.027495731  0.003753654 -0.018387688 0.016054268 0.014553526 -0.016977864
## 2  0.037678848 -0.006663725  0.021052314 0.002787004 0.025500235  0.023507277
## 3  0.032569001 -0.019849158  0.018150282 0.003146075 0.045757412  0.008206339
## 4 -0.003453268 -0.004475979 -0.003028304 0.011444971 0.019286583 -0.001706439
## 5 -0.003180179  0.039230507 -0.008904895 0.008395455 0.001440959  0.001213916
## 6  0.038958460 -0.028413252  0.022657489 0.001230203 0.056018846  0.006547489
##            137          138          139          140          141         142
## 1 -0.015872880  0.022599957 -0.006392195 -0.006815004 -0.003521477 0.029619162
## 2  0.022276334 -0.001616463  0.014262012  0.003298025  0.005167978 0.007993406
## 3  0.012739833 -0.001349017  0.012549005 -0.021062955  0.004700184 0.023291407
## 4 -0.001384722  0.012684888  0.001251770 -0.002415945  0.000221457 0.021841085
## 5 -0.001496246  0.020292857  0.001398814  0.003536289 -0.003431624 0.011424455
## 6  0.013584550 -0.005262522  0.014626764 -0.030731387  0.006162335 0.026670719
##            143           144           145          146          147
## 1  0.013667000  0.0005481730  0.0019927013  0.001662813  0.003293329
## 2  0.000924610 -0.0005880946  0.0042853267 -0.003996589 -0.005943807
## 3 -0.001923799 -0.0067065339 -0.0006231371  0.003672735 -0.002606658
## 4  0.009390502 -0.0026509430  0.0005364973  0.000774948  0.001167379
## 5  0.006978404  0.0241251723  0.0220725196 -0.011027079 -0.009327458
## 6 -0.005104696 -0.0102282337 -0.0032134578  0.007485127 -0.001343292
##            148           149          150          151           152
## 1  0.025005933 -0.0131117591 -0.005633951  0.008303315  0.0028578847
## 2  0.003038181  0.0207572750  0.013247648 -0.005440820 -0.0002684596
## 3  0.008685493  0.0112517037  0.011242578 -0.013335024 -0.0118643771
## 4  0.019804986 -0.0001254037  0.001372099  0.001275566 -0.0027561870
## 5 -0.007948305 -0.0008951488  0.001588896  0.022044229  0.0401068306
## 6  0.008536849  0.0114997861  0.012952848 -0.019311882 -0.0189161282
##             153         154           155          156         157          158
## 1  0.0023601790 0.011905481  0.0006204743 -0.012942778  0.01404482  0.000920202
## 2 -0.0013594731 0.007696514 -0.0012784462  0.015830158  0.01897627 -0.003502630
## 3 -0.0076637006 0.008063583 -0.0062521988  0.024313211  0.03206522 -0.004643699
## 4  0.0017137954 0.011488425  0.0009613227 -0.001267765  0.01760593 -0.002186207
## 5 -0.0005853487 0.001027533 -0.0044086043 -0.013800808 -0.00497558  0.011981699
## 6 -0.0106367001 0.007604024 -0.0081706015  0.032949575  0.03863542 -0.005710462
##             159          160           161         162           163
## 1 -0.0007949765  0.003193002  0.0045257738 0.009395689  0.0041987494
## 2  0.0287601794  0.003745085  0.0004113984 0.016918872 -0.0008796406
## 3  0.0391602155 -0.000218887 -0.0042597954 0.024654828 -0.0054219707
## 4  0.0102905116  0.002013686  0.0020385656 0.012448195  0.0018631037
## 5  0.0016176024  0.015494919  0.0127287117 0.004937368  0.0084803569
## 6  0.0475303250 -0.002344985 -0.0071587616 0.028831002 -0.0081729117
##              164           165          166          167           168
## 1 -0.00392433234 -0.0023600385  0.001967614 -0.011321777  0.0029496722
## 2  0.00440304478  0.0012644868 -0.003201622  0.025484101 -0.0049949065
## 3 -0.01045240195  0.0024324087 -0.038113423  0.023841313 -0.0051602369
## 4  0.00004242029  0.0003990989 -0.011187447  0.002607471 -0.0003768053
## 5 -0.00030568005 -0.0108704681  0.098466807 -0.001111062  0.0044572241
## 6 -0.01585730768  0.0043724621 -0.058583640  0.027986836 -0.0059378143
##            169          170           171           172           173
## 1  0.015217946  0.004114350 -0.0043403868  0.0083684537 -0.0083944563
## 2  0.001225486 -0.007299012  0.0065921167  0.0033999972  0.0138377613
## 3 -0.001994378 -0.006002992  0.0081005734 -0.0008572257  0.0142479004
## 4  0.007850553  0.001505346 -0.0005794382  0.0044517043 -0.0001749224
## 5  0.027287031 -0.010655817  0.0015200505  0.0235414466 -0.0006747738
## 6 -0.006377870 -0.005908467  0.0105618798 -0.0042845362  0.0176682524
##             174           175           176          177          178
## 1  0.0014428126  0.0026023889  0.0255912444  0.007164711  0.002257197
## 2 -0.0030325344 -0.0051320139 -0.0004020903 -0.003011996 -0.001527886
## 3 -0.0003812714 -0.0011620348  0.0020206981 -0.012118216 -0.008177619
## 4  0.0003986194  0.0003034535  0.0188387008  0.004128233 -0.001755263
## 5 -0.0044453017 -0.0044756973 -0.0065729146  0.002954176  0.023884375
## 6  0.0009549389  0.0003930756 -0.0001394081 -0.017461496 -0.012301073
##            179           180           181          182           183
## 1  0.003096986  0.0019587869  0.0016497562  0.002995060 -0.0019106683
## 2 -0.006070265 -0.0025537798 -0.0039369213 -0.004525993  0.0024566483
## 3 -0.007968142 -0.0031526275  0.0036613254 -0.008543078 -0.0003739094
## 4 -0.001518515  0.0003010011  0.0009028472 -0.001411743 -0.0024421702
## 5  0.011147722  0.0017259077 -0.0118238203  0.015273312  0.0174154351
## 6 -0.009960207 -0.0036145997  0.0074808916 -0.011515406 -0.0013895737
##             184          185           186           187          188
## 1  0.0413463773  0.008425758  0.0059396676  0.0009413058  0.002776341
## 2  0.0002547852 -0.003475617  0.0025810729 -0.0032467494  0.001304545
## 3  0.0203650666 -0.009614040 -0.0105978379 -0.0058567893 -0.006241212
## 4  0.0289179218  0.003551157  0.0060218418 -0.0024194340  0.002845459
## 5 -0.0044214866  0.011061770  0.0009240284  0.0151723331  0.001637358
## 6  0.0240063589 -0.014141597 -0.0169900176 -0.0077154418 -0.009671382
##            189          190           191           192          193
## 1  0.003396460 -0.006309565 -0.0168810548 -0.0031506176 -0.005613716
## 2 -0.006990420  0.010449106  0.0208089449  0.0025393874  0.006740588
## 3 -0.007538612  0.011588280  0.0072875534  0.0071099183  0.004473937
## 4  0.001413568 -0.001088911 -0.0025906084  0.0003374518 -0.003773602
## 5 -0.012003236  0.006532009 -0.0004964028 -0.0122205442  0.020325889
## 6 -0.008107989  0.014382032  0.0062334142  0.0109500749  0.004625278
##            194          195           196           197           198
## 1 -0.006243582 -0.004983401 -0.0029748296 -0.0005210418  0.0016690762
## 2  0.004371289  0.004802158  0.0025351971 -0.0008901503 -0.0039625202
## 3 -0.016719713 -0.009596298  0.0085221950  0.0061603079 -0.0005290231
## 4 -0.001572411 -0.000465783 -0.0006994657  0.0005939671  0.0011241667
## 5  0.002076577 -0.001090615 -0.0043523599 -0.0116189273 -0.0116381374
## 6 -0.024778055 -0.014549982  0.0126790741  0.0103698335  0.0013310605
##             199          200
## 1  0.0367733930  0.002986550
## 2  0.0001706547 -0.005459988
## 3  0.0156739026 -0.002889366
## 4  0.0255731553  0.001134339
## 5 -0.0018951826 -0.008925712
## 6  0.0177614665 -0.001902436
#Calculo de la matriz M
filas<-nrow(MX)
MM<-diag(filas)-MP
head(MM)
##              1             2           3            4             5           6
## 1  0.968185406 -0.0037034602 -0.01758786 -0.022508722 -0.0059178537 -0.01974129
## 2 -0.003703460  0.9753951951 -0.03447285 -0.012120221  0.0004597074 -0.04154714
## 3 -0.017587861 -0.0344728495  0.93233178 -0.026410473  0.0141470892 -0.08506815
## 4 -0.022508722 -0.0121202208 -0.02641047  0.979680185  0.0016776287 -0.03138114
## 5 -0.005917854  0.0004597074  0.01414709  0.001677629  0.9516275359  0.02300480
## 6 -0.019741287 -0.0415471420 -0.08506815 -0.031381139  0.0230047960  0.89194683
##              7             8             9           10           11
## 1  0.003964913  0.0016071128  0.0058291615 -0.001421804  0.002168503
## 2 -0.015101307 -0.0024432890 -0.0063462287  0.003663155 -0.002485740
## 3 -0.012176441  0.0003834528 -0.0220657545  0.003394744 -0.002292606
## 4 -0.003373267 -0.0006504267 -0.0009492958  0.001311471  0.001747623
## 5 -0.001419930  0.0036539819  0.0241326482 -0.007110009 -0.009967185
## 6 -0.013397526  0.0005956252 -0.0324090899  0.003700809 -0.002853121
##              12           13            14           15           16
## 1 -0.0002759271 -0.011079803  0.0018040194 -0.015540826 -0.026214803
## 2  0.0032037695 -0.025864615 -0.0008626337 -0.003574967 -0.008868805
## 3  0.0111934245 -0.042888059 -0.0069060350 -0.004272134 -0.022703414
## 4 -0.0004375016 -0.016265742 -0.0004952366 -0.011268392 -0.022780018
## 5  0.0067191936 -0.008010246  0.0119590637 -0.009198107  0.009839149
## 6  0.0145749642 -0.051950428 -0.0110403269 -0.002643624 -0.026876592
##            17           18            19           20           21
## 1 -0.03915388 -0.028866660  0.0030446199 -0.000749125 -0.016155514
## 2 -0.02564936  0.000720293 -0.0071457201 -0.003240265 -0.002271601
## 3 -0.06550938 -0.006492895 -0.0050758153  0.001537902 -0.001742739
## 4 -0.03416510 -0.019501862 -0.0008189455 -0.001968809 -0.009949161
## 5 -0.01193130 -0.002531157 -0.0011497447 -0.002059947 -0.018716452
## 6 -0.08070465 -0.005662454 -0.0057362342  0.003175472  0.001073962
##              22           23           24            25           26
## 1 -0.0034333941  0.004316663 -0.005388466  0.0028420546 -0.003165795
## 2  0.0054681525 -0.016806251  0.002823854 -0.0047916106  0.005776572
## 3  0.0078040763 -0.014422778  0.007857187 -0.0053003997  0.005590199
## 4  0.0008765953  0.000107821 -0.001795623  0.0001953947  0.000605781
## 5 -0.0101482600 -0.029805892 -0.009631299 -0.0016052193 -0.004805308
## 6  0.0099500685 -0.014983505  0.011271156 -0.0068710163  0.006332393
##             27           28           29            30           31
## 1  0.002681876 -0.005390598 -0.007082428 -0.0010532517 -0.017442057
## 2 -0.005609148  0.003936020  0.002448325 -0.0069889995  0.004638734
## 3  0.002015896  0.008802296  0.009814065 -0.0028884407  0.009107492
## 4 -0.001115757 -0.001728407 -0.003979545 -0.0008445642 -0.008964771
## 5  0.001277872 -0.006801279 -0.004524996 -0.0225484790 -0.013979429
## 6  0.004069901  0.012140107  0.014335892 -0.0010838046  0.014493445
##              32             33            34            35            36
## 1 -0.0026253735  0.00007829225 -0.0015102737 -0.0008416577 -0.0041787942
## 2 -0.0051955492  0.00221677583  0.0060880287  0.0028577552  0.0073185847
## 3 -0.0011305214  0.00644336221  0.0114263483 -0.0065243581  0.0020501923
## 4 -0.0016461471  0.00334836745 -0.0006446965 -0.0009256259 -0.0013001052
## 5 -0.0195427955 -0.02040057341  0.0114424018  0.0137641346  0.0105763886
## 6  0.0009670167  0.00900292961  0.0138701490 -0.0114936966  0.0001144943
##              37          38           39            40            41
## 1 -0.0017327653 -0.01100707  0.001115782 -0.0126410441 -0.0073136600
## 2  0.0053479204 -0.02391753 -0.015069418 -0.0008899392  0.0007424149
## 3  0.0303344305 -0.03786954 -0.015498591  0.0040621941  0.0060140321
## 4 -0.0001262853 -0.01826930 -0.004154417 -0.0093369705 -0.0037685103
## 5 -0.0040538823  0.01140309 -0.008911453 -0.0028637360 -0.0113697277
## 6  0.0425433040 -0.04608851 -0.017539147  0.0079045093  0.0096917200
##             42            43            44            45           46
## 1 -0.009811140 -0.0022075484 -0.0033944730  0.0007196211 -0.004887768
## 2 -0.006867569  0.0072554645  0.0038024488 -0.0180678107 -0.002634461
## 3 -0.006323815  0.0201607339  0.0076354001 -0.0203916189  0.001512283
## 4 -0.009004553 -0.0002723174  0.0005124565 -0.0048484101 -0.003422348
## 5 -0.006311546  0.0053101606 -0.0128093190 -0.0138702814 -0.010782422
## 6 -0.005464233  0.0266180754  0.0104089307 -0.0233681422  0.003912381
##             47           48            49            50           51
## 1 -0.000636477 -0.007218179 -0.0085812388  0.0005966116 -0.002124699
## 2 -0.002101190  0.001158588  0.0007964303 -0.0051694004  0.004348470
## 3  0.003339865  0.014848525  0.0091883803 -0.0005973611  0.011987797
## 4  0.001340547 -0.005349817 -0.0019540716  0.0009760684  0.003289900
## 5 -0.022602305 -0.001695566 -0.0323525873 -0.0221912225 -0.026565676
## 6  0.006217283  0.022098485  0.0153734645  0.0013464757  0.016954994
##              52             53           54           55           56
## 1  0.0016233017 -0.01794311515 -0.027813359 -0.005972562 -0.033101095
## 2 -0.0001020848 -0.00248737108 -0.010730919  0.004358107 -0.008569113
## 3 -0.0056863913 -0.00255547165 -0.028524124  0.014331057 -0.029230585
## 4 -0.0008084888 -0.01382880419 -0.024362404 -0.003022021 -0.027797530
## 5  0.0153479213  0.00001551011  0.009370305 -0.001299242  0.014705638
## 6 -0.0096356490 -0.00051857897 -0.034474036  0.019967656 -0.035690206
##             57            58           59            60            61
## 1  0.005429990  0.0003563637 -0.018405772 -0.0007718026  0.0019216266
## 2 -0.025385846 -0.0025162950 -0.005689590  0.0010323673 -0.0006979854
## 3 -0.030580388  0.0004207625 -0.006926438  0.0117697000 -0.0025139247
## 4 -0.004858263 -0.0010236294 -0.016254362 -0.0011481807  0.0019962776
## 5 -0.009685108 -0.0003442756  0.006457950  0.0018097259 -0.0069605734
## 6 -0.036560576  0.0010324225 -0.005957259  0.0164843646 -0.0039102251
##             62           63             64            65            66
## 1 -0.028730158 -0.006115473  0.00575888212 -0.0054494293  0.0036138722
## 2 -0.001883112  0.004117580 -0.00734651661 -0.0108369324 -0.0024431192
## 3 -0.011445493  0.009526818  0.00086188472 -0.0071867691 -0.0100832760
## 4 -0.020972764 -0.001582491  0.00007101528 -0.0086763845 -0.0007278373
## 5  0.002291898 -0.011313231  0.00316567129  0.0008682326  0.0190600226
## 6 -0.012199763  0.013431892  0.00245372803 -0.0062556242 -0.0156958702
##             67            68           69            70            71
## 1  0.011617705 -0.0005469009 -0.002934147 -0.0103026731 -0.0115071337
## 2 -0.012115501  0.0014442658  0.003175949 -0.0032133517 -0.0025518083
## 3 -0.008597360  0.0020694491  0.012947005  0.0042415718 -0.0000402868
## 4  0.001728730 -0.0007813228 -0.001700562 -0.0091774525 -0.0082015202
## 5  0.009352013  0.0058163138  0.001368084  0.0001750268 -0.0091307843
## 6 -0.010853193  0.0019046559  0.017786805  0.0085259610  0.0025652860
##              72            73           74           75          76
## 1 -0.0023494857  0.0099782744 -0.001333042 -0.002111718 -0.02743539
## 2 -0.0015927828 -0.0205623129  0.001862759  0.001329879 -0.03622436
## 3  0.0027003456 -0.0179995065  0.006913584  0.008431787 -0.08080567
## 4 -0.0005687564 -0.0015483245  0.002118511 -0.001664044 -0.03321476
## 5 -0.0155235094  0.0004663288 -0.020097952  0.001078586  0.01269759
## 6  0.0050745314 -0.0209680704  0.010028399  0.011716008 -0.10212156
##             77            78           79            80           81
## 1  0.003463964  0.0029172672  0.017683650 -0.0007147327  0.002945595
## 2 -0.002686720 -0.0067346299 -0.024228182  0.0008202598 -0.010766108
## 3 -0.005726683 -0.0002880732 -0.021708315  0.0021312910 -0.007858672
## 4  0.002190870 -0.0012727699  0.001853458  0.0007675508 -0.002180415
## 5 -0.005719769  0.0008449312  0.004702395 -0.0084909965 -0.002685843
## 6 -0.008191585  0.0010789394 -0.026445857  0.0028254636 -0.008427233
##             82            83           84            85           86
## 1 -0.003301367 -0.0003371442 -0.003008872 -0.0133864079 -0.012804381
## 2  0.005259489 -0.0080091104 -0.021214491 -0.0044826317 -0.001434141
## 3  0.014361239 -0.0056872082 -0.025430724 -0.0018014995  0.006450985
## 4  0.003106977 -0.0020745524 -0.011083875 -0.0116644922 -0.004448956
## 5 -0.029263537 -0.0120916478  0.004004360  0.0007270034 -0.042272137
## 6  0.020398275 -0.0053531520 -0.029761661  0.0005762994  0.013222963
##              87           88          89          90            91           92
## 1  0.0050107774 -0.021325247 -0.01477712 -0.01730354 -0.0015829227  0.003428544
## 2 -0.0104062858 -0.016871282 -0.01195406 -0.01962937  0.0037024430 -0.002271494
## 3 -0.0060499645 -0.034864659 -0.01553121 -0.03596225 -0.0017972966  0.002274857
## 4 -0.0011010411 -0.021109728 -0.01078879 -0.02078517 -0.0007708485  0.004445140
## 5  0.0005368574  0.001216796 -0.03209347  0.01083455  0.0096213148 -0.024396046
## 6 -0.0063546389 -0.042225687 -0.01531560 -0.04384692 -0.0045820694  0.004157674
##             93           94            95           96           97
## 1 -0.021743646 -0.032844286  0.0017969091 -0.015241189 -0.002952671
## 2 -0.004504497 -0.002810524 -0.0018859775 -0.007258299  0.005717905
## 3 -0.010332240 -0.016334217 -0.0025491337 -0.010699649 -0.001945193
## 4 -0.015370593 -0.022465802 -0.0003619854 -0.011921848 -0.001502198
## 5 -0.011815717 -0.009089004  0.0056512310 -0.012502683  0.014719072
## 6 -0.010129518 -0.017938274 -0.0040199493 -0.010650219 -0.005524197
##              98           99          100          101          102
## 1 -0.0035767892 -0.028356283 -0.013863910 -0.002413055 -0.048451432
## 2  0.0002569184  0.001103946 -0.013492546  0.003463899 -0.002505832
## 3  0.0051082293 -0.005033977 -0.021019326  0.018700619 -0.028158653
## 4 -0.0021930049 -0.019541145 -0.015158105  0.005084294 -0.032017325
## 5 -0.0048131207  0.001059394  0.001727939 -0.047004605 -0.013885205
## 6  0.0076941858 -0.003885221 -0.024316278  0.027995795 -0.032782646
##             103          104            105         106          107
## 1 -0.0053168995 -0.002653151 -0.00009995288 -0.02526116  0.004749254
## 2  0.0064891634  0.001622762  0.00260929368 -0.01473435 -0.009061668
## 3  0.0097834932  0.005171523  0.01872241182 -0.03424913 -0.007999778
## 4 -0.0005771213 -0.001310801 -0.00023665627 -0.02418343  0.001454019
## 5 -0.0066758788 -0.001925084  0.00094993885  0.01024973 -0.014135529
## 6  0.0126359821  0.007031004  0.02604391369 -0.04185212 -0.009071375
##             108          109           110          111           112
## 1  0.0007485001  0.005672610 -0.0026188337 -0.005771231 -0.0086629510
## 2  0.0015631086 -0.005067056  0.0057525446  0.003484357  0.0003918361
## 3  0.0010986470 -0.006187925  0.0168470426  0.019432650  0.0100643251
## 4  0.0024500010  0.003708917 -0.0008908024  0.003153845 -0.0063886779
## 5 -0.0102863033 -0.013195848  0.0040703359 -0.050498338 -0.0021044217
## 6  0.0008856774 -0.008045006  0.0224155724  0.029724867  0.0155977870
##             113          114          115          116           117
## 1  0.0001175903 -0.001545444 -0.003597274 -0.009832110 -0.0011860601
## 2  0.0026527589  0.002098966 -0.020824272 -0.017995010 -0.0016157498
## 3  0.0027944289  0.007044843 -0.024296887 -0.027038525  0.0013020365
## 4 -0.0007764986 -0.001167366 -0.011561255 -0.012900823 -0.0005203164
## 5  0.0129649799  0.003551416  0.005278239 -0.006482524 -0.0093448438
## 6  0.0021378444  0.009213841 -0.028199734 -0.031807687  0.0026011247
##             118          119          120          121          122
## 1 -0.0005756822 -0.027543034  0.007546088 -0.010092883  0.001256304
## 2  0.0028243277 -0.015850759 -0.013278881 -0.005764217 -0.018516539
## 3 -0.0023639602 -0.037358217 -0.014491705 -0.004755727 -0.019680129
## 4  0.0005306074 -0.023694853  0.000524932 -0.007492325 -0.003474396
## 5  0.0026096379 -0.007535961 -0.004285915 -0.015780813 -0.022947464
## 6 -0.0049680355 -0.044936677 -0.017897096 -0.003138228 -0.021878187
##             123           124          125           126          127
## 1 -0.0030494045  0.0045758255 -0.028066830  0.0005171007 -0.001157018
## 2  0.0059078442 -0.0087758902 -0.004441707 -0.0029373475 -0.032144210
## 3  0.0030689587  0.0010304012 -0.014097201 -0.0008912172 -0.047216834
## 4  0.0001193038 -0.0010866591 -0.018687216  0.0003336806 -0.013069487
## 5  0.0008682083  0.0006374068 -0.018442316 -0.0102855100  0.000672922
## 6  0.0023381941  0.0035058869 -0.014427641 -0.0003635419 -0.057912269
##             128           129            130          131          132
## 1 -0.0004007523  0.0030631966 -0.00009101935  0.027495731 -0.003753654
## 2  0.0023952609  0.0008164906 -0.00572752482 -0.037678848  0.006663725
## 3 -0.0070207827  0.0300466960  0.00046601269 -0.032569001  0.019849158
## 4 -0.0004954016  0.0015646169  0.00108166432  0.003453268  0.004475979
## 5  0.0115576380 -0.0067207540 -0.02884527971  0.003180179 -0.039230507
## 6 -0.0120335412  0.0431300359  0.00348480049 -0.038958460  0.028413252
##            133          134          135          136          137          138
## 1  0.018387688 -0.016054268 -0.014553526  0.016977864  0.015872880 -0.022599957
## 2 -0.021052314 -0.002787004 -0.025500235 -0.023507277 -0.022276334  0.001616463
## 3 -0.018150282 -0.003146075 -0.045757412 -0.008206339 -0.012739833  0.001349017
## 4  0.003028304 -0.011444971 -0.019286583  0.001706439  0.001384722 -0.012684888
## 5  0.008904895 -0.008395455 -0.001440959 -0.001213916  0.001496246 -0.020292857
## 6 -0.022657489 -0.001230203 -0.056018846 -0.006547489 -0.013584550  0.005262522
##            139          140          141          142          143
## 1  0.006392195  0.006815004  0.003521477 -0.029619162 -0.013667000
## 2 -0.014262012 -0.003298025 -0.005167978 -0.007993406 -0.000924610
## 3 -0.012549005  0.021062955 -0.004700184 -0.023291407  0.001923799
## 4 -0.001251770  0.002415945 -0.000221457 -0.021841085 -0.009390502
## 5 -0.001398814 -0.003536289  0.003431624 -0.011424455 -0.006978404
## 6 -0.014626764  0.030731387 -0.006162335 -0.026670719  0.005104696
##             144           145          146          147          148
## 1 -0.0005481730 -0.0019927013 -0.001662813 -0.003293329 -0.025005933
## 2  0.0005880946 -0.0042853267  0.003996589  0.005943807 -0.003038181
## 3  0.0067065339  0.0006231371 -0.003672735  0.002606658 -0.008685493
## 4  0.0026509430 -0.0005364973 -0.000774948 -0.001167379 -0.019804986
## 5 -0.0241251723 -0.0220725196  0.011027079  0.009327458  0.007948305
## 6  0.0102282337  0.0032134578 -0.007485127  0.001343292 -0.008536849
##             149          150          151           152           153
## 1  0.0131117591  0.005633951 -0.008303315 -0.0028578847 -0.0023601790
## 2 -0.0207572750 -0.013247648  0.005440820  0.0002684596  0.0013594731
## 3 -0.0112517037 -0.011242578  0.013335024  0.0118643771  0.0076637006
## 4  0.0001254037 -0.001372099 -0.001275566  0.0027561870 -0.0017137954
## 5  0.0008951488 -0.001588896 -0.022044229 -0.0401068306  0.0005853487
## 6 -0.0114997861 -0.012952848  0.019311882  0.0189161282  0.0106367001
##            154           155          156         157          158
## 1 -0.011905481 -0.0006204743  0.012942778 -0.01404482 -0.000920202
## 2 -0.007696514  0.0012784462 -0.015830158 -0.01897627  0.003502630
## 3 -0.008063583  0.0062521988 -0.024313211 -0.03206522  0.004643699
## 4 -0.011488425 -0.0009613227  0.001267765 -0.01760593  0.002186207
## 5 -0.001027533  0.0044086043  0.013800808  0.00497558 -0.011981699
## 6 -0.007604024  0.0081706015 -0.032949575 -0.03863542  0.005710462
##             159          160           161          162           163
## 1  0.0007949765 -0.003193002 -0.0045257738 -0.009395689 -0.0041987494
## 2 -0.0287601794 -0.003745085 -0.0004113984 -0.016918872  0.0008796406
## 3 -0.0391602155  0.000218887  0.0042597954 -0.024654828  0.0054219707
## 4 -0.0102905116 -0.002013686 -0.0020385656 -0.012448195 -0.0018631037
## 5 -0.0016176024 -0.015494919 -0.0127287117 -0.004937368 -0.0084803569
## 6 -0.0475303250  0.002344985  0.0071587616 -0.028831002  0.0081729117
##              164           165          166          167           168
## 1  0.00392433234  0.0023600385 -0.001967614  0.011321777 -0.0029496722
## 2 -0.00440304478 -0.0012644868  0.003201622 -0.025484101  0.0049949065
## 3  0.01045240195 -0.0024324087  0.038113423 -0.023841313  0.0051602369
## 4 -0.00004242029 -0.0003990989  0.011187447 -0.002607471  0.0003768053
## 5  0.00030568005  0.0108704681 -0.098466807  0.001111062 -0.0044572241
## 6  0.01585730768 -0.0043724621  0.058583640 -0.027986836  0.0059378143
##            169          170           171           172           173
## 1 -0.015217946 -0.004114350  0.0043403868 -0.0083684537  0.0083944563
## 2 -0.001225486  0.007299012 -0.0065921167 -0.0033999972 -0.0138377613
## 3  0.001994378  0.006002992 -0.0081005734  0.0008572257 -0.0142479004
## 4 -0.007850553 -0.001505346  0.0005794382 -0.0044517043  0.0001749224
## 5 -0.027287031  0.010655817 -0.0015200505 -0.0235414466  0.0006747738
## 6  0.006377870  0.005908467 -0.0105618798  0.0042845362 -0.0176682524
##             174           175           176          177          178
## 1 -0.0014428126 -0.0026023889 -0.0255912444 -0.007164711 -0.002257197
## 2  0.0030325344  0.0051320139  0.0004020903  0.003011996  0.001527886
## 3  0.0003812714  0.0011620348 -0.0020206981  0.012118216  0.008177619
## 4 -0.0003986194 -0.0003034535 -0.0188387008 -0.004128233  0.001755263
## 5  0.0044453017  0.0044756973  0.0065729146 -0.002954176 -0.023884375
## 6 -0.0009549389 -0.0003930756  0.0001394081  0.017461496  0.012301073
##            179           180           181          182           183
## 1 -0.003096986 -0.0019587869 -0.0016497562 -0.002995060  0.0019106683
## 2  0.006070265  0.0025537798  0.0039369213  0.004525993 -0.0024566483
## 3  0.007968142  0.0031526275 -0.0036613254  0.008543078  0.0003739094
## 4  0.001518515 -0.0003010011 -0.0009028472  0.001411743  0.0024421702
## 5 -0.011147722 -0.0017259077  0.0118238203 -0.015273312 -0.0174154351
## 6  0.009960207  0.0036145997 -0.0074808916  0.011515406  0.0013895737
##             184          185           186           187          188
## 1 -0.0413463773 -0.008425758 -0.0059396676 -0.0009413058 -0.002776341
## 2 -0.0002547852  0.003475617 -0.0025810729  0.0032467494 -0.001304545
## 3 -0.0203650666  0.009614040  0.0105978379  0.0058567893  0.006241212
## 4 -0.0289179218 -0.003551157 -0.0060218418  0.0024194340 -0.002845459
## 5  0.0044214866 -0.011061770 -0.0009240284 -0.0151723331 -0.001637358
## 6 -0.0240063589  0.014141597  0.0169900176  0.0077154418  0.009671382
##            189          190           191           192          193
## 1 -0.003396460  0.006309565  0.0168810548  0.0031506176  0.005613716
## 2  0.006990420 -0.010449106 -0.0208089449 -0.0025393874 -0.006740588
## 3  0.007538612 -0.011588280 -0.0072875534 -0.0071099183 -0.004473937
## 4 -0.001413568  0.001088911  0.0025906084 -0.0003374518  0.003773602
## 5  0.012003236 -0.006532009  0.0004964028  0.0122205442 -0.020325889
## 6  0.008107989 -0.014382032 -0.0062334142 -0.0109500749 -0.004625278
##            194          195           196           197           198
## 1  0.006243582  0.004983401  0.0029748296  0.0005210418 -0.0016690762
## 2 -0.004371289 -0.004802158 -0.0025351971  0.0008901503  0.0039625202
## 3  0.016719713  0.009596298 -0.0085221950 -0.0061603079  0.0005290231
## 4  0.001572411  0.000465783  0.0006994657 -0.0005939671 -0.0011241667
## 5 -0.002076577  0.001090615  0.0043523599  0.0116189273  0.0116381374
## 6  0.024778055  0.014549982 -0.0126790741 -0.0103698335 -0.0013310605
##             199          200
## 1 -0.0367733930 -0.002986550
## 2 -0.0001706547  0.005459988
## 3 -0.0156739026  0.002889366
## 4 -0.0255731553 -0.001134339
## 5  0.0018951826  0.008925712
## 6 -0.0177614665  0.001902436

2. Compruebe que los residuos en el objeto “modelo_ventas” son iguales al producto de M*y, donde “y” es la variable endógena en el modelo (“ventas”)

residuos1<-modelo_ventas$residuals
datos1<-modelo_ventas$model
residuosM<-MM%*%datos1$ventas
comparacion<-as.data.frame(round(cbind(residuosM,residuos1,residuos1-residuosM),digits = 4))
names(comparacion)<-c("Matriz","Modelo","Diferencia")
head(comparacion,20)
##      Matriz   Modelo Diferencia
## 1  -15.9331 -15.9331          0
## 2   19.3341  19.3341          0
## 3   38.0164  38.0164          0
## 4  -15.4264 -15.4264          0
## 5    5.1581   5.1581          0
## 6   80.2169  80.2169          0
## 7  -16.3488 -16.3488          0
## 8  -22.8944 -22.8944          0
## 9  -34.4026 -34.4026          0
## 10  46.0887  46.0887          0
## 11 -40.5623 -40.5623          0
## 12   9.2461   9.2461          0
## 13   5.8194   5.8194          0
## 14 -19.6384 -19.6384          0
## 15  -2.7383  -2.7383          0
## 16 -20.5803 -20.5803          0
## 17  -4.8934  -4.8934          0
## 18  -0.8270  -0.8270          0
## 19 -36.6093 -36.6093          0
## 20  -8.1065  -8.1065          0

3. Muestre que los autovalores de x’x son positivos (use el comando eigen)

descomponer<-eigen(MXX,T)
autovalores<-descomponer$values
print(autovalores)
## [1] 311421698.6388     70252.5341     40973.4590      3714.3627        12.7735
print(autovalores>0)
## [1] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE

Ejercicio 2: Para una empresa se desea estimar un modelo que relaciona el tiempo (en minutos) en acomodar cajas en una bodega, en función de la distancia (en metros) y del número de cajas nota: las cajas son todas iguales. Los datos se encuentra en “datos_cajas.RData”

1. Estime el modelo propuesto, y colóquele el nombre de “modelo_cajas”

load("~/EMA1182022/Archivos/datos_cajas.RData")
modelo_cajas<-lm(formula = Tiempo~Distancia+N_cajas, data=datos_cajas)
library(stargazer)
stargazer(modelo_cajas, title=("Modelo de Regresión"), type="html", digits=4)
Modelo de Regresión
Dependent variable:
Tiempo
Distancia 0.4559***
(0.1468)
N_cajas 0.8772***
(0.1530)
Constant 2.3112
(5.8573)
Observations 15
R2 0.7368
Adjusted R2 0.6929
Residual Std. Error 3.1408 (df = 12)
F Statistic 16.7954*** (df = 2; 12)
Note: p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

2. Calcule las matrices A, P, M

M2X<-model.matrix(modelo_cajas)
M2XX<-t(M2X)%*%M2X

#Matriz A
M2A<-solve(M2XX)%*%t(M2X)
head(M2A)
##                        1            2            3            4            5
## (Intercept)  0.459747079  0.505626389 -0.317731768  0.707001469  0.053149816
## Distancia   -0.003015297 -0.009318829  0.018819615 -0.019989342 -0.006641453
## N_cajas     -0.017147338 -0.009890695 -0.007919488 -0.004479623  0.011082085
##                        6            7            8             9          10
## (Intercept) -0.166576988  0.633594572 -0.125532551  0.1260628274 -0.90735239
## Distancia    0.006550474 -0.009903692  0.009409808  0.0003379213  0.02334256
## N_cajas      0.002768355 -0.016090251 -0.003959744 -0.0038254420  0.01780152
##                       11           12           13            14          15
## (Intercept)  0.277217608  0.368482344  0.487274665 -0.3674581822 -0.73350489
## Distancia   -0.011931220 -0.007473259 -0.006797416  0.0001559637  0.01645417
## N_cajas      0.006862401 -0.005142468 -0.012793352  0.0238754370  0.01885861
#Matriz P
M2P<-M2X%*%M2A
head(M2P)
##             1          2           3            4           5           6
## 1  0.19781478 0.12715457  0.16766180  0.062524965 -0.03527291 0.057620774
## 2  0.12715457 0.12429524  0.03396629  0.140073563  0.05334477 0.038710181
## 3  0.16766180 0.03396629  0.35585795 -0.137368460 -0.10168744 0.123125512
## 4  0.06252497 0.14007356 -0.13736846  0.257600846  0.15524536 0.006698639
## 5 -0.03527291 0.05334477 -0.10168744  0.155245361  0.18408997 0.046742309
## 6  0.05762077 0.03871018  0.12312551  0.006698639  0.04674231 0.086318088
##            7           8          9          10          11         12
## 1 0.17558129  0.11716423 0.09794605 -0.02906036 -0.01209498 0.09285990
## 2 0.14464850  0.05031648 0.07712923 -0.05676557  0.08187312 0.10451385
## 3 0.07654437  0.21126231 0.10132526  0.20436525 -0.13140718 0.01812731
## 4 0.13352309 -0.03535090 0.05563657 -0.13115591  0.19970367 0.13111432
## 5 0.01345706 -0.01751039 0.03786105  0.05122193  0.18629079 0.07550894
## 6 0.03695559  0.09489609 0.06768043  0.13669435  0.03087301 0.04424689
##           13           14          15
## 1 0.15541865 -0.124024902 -0.05129385
## 2 0.12543897 -0.005427535 -0.03927165
## 3 0.08744449 -0.122465266  0.11324781
## 4 0.10905412  0.112857904 -0.06015778
## 5 0.01789770  0.232858944  0.09995191
## 6 0.04627442  0.067134558  0.11602917
#Matriz M
filas2<-nrow(M2X)
M2M<-diag(filas2)-M2P
head(M2M)
##             1           2           3            4           5            6
## 1  0.80218522 -0.12715457 -0.16766180 -0.062524965  0.03527291 -0.057620774
## 2 -0.12715457  0.87570476 -0.03396629 -0.140073563 -0.05334477 -0.038710181
## 3 -0.16766180 -0.03396629  0.64414205  0.137368460  0.10168744 -0.123125512
## 4 -0.06252497 -0.14007356  0.13736846  0.742399154 -0.15524536 -0.006698639
## 5  0.03527291 -0.05334477  0.10168744 -0.155245361  0.81591003 -0.046742309
## 6 -0.05762077 -0.03871018 -0.12312551 -0.006698639 -0.04674231  0.913681912
##             7           8           9          10          11          12
## 1 -0.17558129 -0.11716423 -0.09794605  0.02906036  0.01209498 -0.09285990
## 2 -0.14464850 -0.05031648 -0.07712923  0.05676557 -0.08187312 -0.10451385
## 3 -0.07654437 -0.21126231 -0.10132526 -0.20436525  0.13140718 -0.01812731
## 4 -0.13352309  0.03535090 -0.05563657  0.13115591 -0.19970367 -0.13111432
## 5 -0.01345706  0.01751039 -0.03786105 -0.05122193 -0.18629079 -0.07550894
## 6 -0.03695559 -0.09489609 -0.06768043 -0.13669435 -0.03087301 -0.04424689
##            13           14          15
## 1 -0.15541865  0.124024902  0.05129385
## 2 -0.12543897  0.005427535  0.03927165
## 3 -0.08744449  0.122465266 -0.11324781
## 4 -0.10905412 -0.112857904  0.06015778
## 5 -0.01789770 -0.232858944 -0.09995191
## 6 -0.04627442 -0.067134558 -0.11602917

3. Compruebe que los residuos en el objeto “modelo_ventas” son iguales al producto de M*y, donde “y” es la variable endógena en el modelo (“Tiempo”)

residuos2<-modelo_cajas$residuals
datos2<-modelo_cajas$model
residuosM2<-M2M%*%datos2$Tiempo
comparacion2<-as.data.frame(round(cbind(residuosM2,residuos2,residuos2-residuosM2),digits = 4))
names(comparacion2)<-c("Matriz","Modelo","Diferencia")
print(comparacion2)
##     Matriz  Modelo Diferencia
## 1  -0.7609 -0.7609          0
## 2   0.1327  0.1327          0
## 3  -0.3201 -0.3201          0
## 4   2.9381  2.9381          0
## 5  -9.2716 -9.2716          0
## 6   0.7656  0.7656          0
## 7   1.3084  1.3084          0
## 8  -2.0934 -2.0934          0
## 9   1.4318  1.4318          0
## 10  0.5212  0.5212          0
## 11  0.5175  0.5175          0
## 12  1.3783  1.3783          0
## 13 -1.0247 -1.0247          0
## 14  2.8865  2.8865          0
## 15  1.5905  1.5905          0

4. Muestre que los autovalores de x’x son positivos (use el comando eigen)

descomponer2<-eigen(M2XX,T)
autovalores2<-descomponer2$values
print(autovalores2)
## [1] 16976.7781334   709.9345923     0.2872743
print(autovalores2>0)
## [1] TRUE TRUE TRUE

Ejercicio 3: Para los EEUU se ha estimado un modelo que relaciona el “número de crímenes” en un estado con el “Nivel de pobreza” y la cantidad de solteros en el mismo

1. Calcule las matrices A, P, M

load("~/EMA1182022/Archivos/modelo_estimado.RData")
M3X<-model.matrix(modelo_estimado_1)
M3XX<-t(M3X)%*%M3X

#Matriz A
M3A<-solve(M3XX)%*%t(M3X)
head(M3A)
##                       1            2            3            4            5
## (Intercept) -0.12023796  0.007496216  0.043732382 -0.019624196 -0.042393783
## poverty     -0.01182361  0.003994776  0.008825494  0.000303668  0.003470064
## single       0.02723384 -0.003960021 -0.013241432  0.003081729  0.001105700
##                        6            7            8            9           10
## (Intercept) -0.013384345  0.086168745  0.020563005  0.051126534 -0.061552737
## poverty     -0.007184049 -0.005862340 -0.005645941  0.005991789 -0.003735449
## single       0.011957829  0.001503614  0.007023918 -0.010326666  0.011869128
##                       11           12           13           14             15
## (Intercept)  0.135718387  0.138007251  0.110339408  0.011807385  0.04768336913
## poverty     -0.004929205 -0.001636594  0.001368417 -0.001178554 -0.00195483396
## single      -0.004046260 -0.008393766 -0.009734111  0.002172555 -0.00001782648
##                        16           17           18           19           20
## (Intercept)  0.0907464740  0.048176786 -0.169254531  0.044486937 -0.008259184
## poverty      0.0007228831  0.009531438  0.010760361 -0.004158321 -0.007294945
## single      -0.0071913968 -0.014522641  0.003128543  0.003038604  0.011644914
##                       21           22           23           24           25
## (Intercept)  0.059181614 -0.063708321  0.092448252  0.038360537 -0.157529384
## poverty     -0.003674172 -0.001148784 -0.001319221  0.003193256  0.008768744
## single       0.001131571  0.008802840 -0.004770642 -0.005676113  0.004600706
##                       26            27           28           29           30
## (Intercept)  0.044620170  0.0304927049  0.166375633  0.118414317  0.128664592
## poverty      0.001720954  0.0005561012  0.000556971 -0.002282127 -0.002503922
## single      -0.004375184 -0.0016612271 -0.013660295 -0.005851051 -0.006476873
##                       31            32           33            34           35
## (Intercept)  0.107937093 -0.1051632730 -0.027965571 -0.0501481154  0.017386353
## poverty     -0.001788055  0.0002829526 -0.007804338  0.0006967702 -0.001834012
## single      -0.005547989  0.0106606021  0.014026244  0.0052819644  0.002505176
##                       36           37           38           39            40
## (Intercept)  0.024252854  0.023645985  0.105327700  0.048817888 -0.0331645748
## poverty      0.008043818 -0.003306313  0.001343172 -0.003316237  0.0044735326
## single      -0.010537327  0.003806104 -0.009259812  0.001596010 -0.0009725754
##                       41           42           43           44            45
## (Intercept)  0.113989696  0.019694998 -0.007198508  0.088571062  0.0750108562
## poverty      0.003027344  0.007474015  0.003510625 -0.002705869 -0.0045514234
## single      -0.012145012 -0.009417501 -0.002052983 -0.002682507  0.0008383681
##                       46           47            48          49            50
## (Intercept)  0.040382842  0.003712695  0.0668225421  0.10491355  0.0464353985
## poverty     -0.005272687 -0.003543426 -0.0007647365  0.01391857 -0.0004572901
## single       0.004803970  0.005864667 -0.0032060825 -0.02505570 -0.0017930470
##                        51
## (Intercept) -0.5219277203
## poverty     -0.0008592616
## single       0.0488974529
#Matriz P
M3P<-M3X%*%M3A
head(M3P)
##              1             2           3          4           5             6
## 1  0.161611077 -0.0127796253 -0.06530809 0.02720791 0.004995312  0.0922377599
## 2 -0.012779625  0.0314650769  0.04501952 0.02109951 0.030700881 -0.0008717607
## 3 -0.065308090  0.0450195150  0.07855895 0.01942366 0.038838489 -0.0291165550
## 4  0.027207907  0.0210995096  0.01942366 0.02234121 0.024424173  0.0206710383
## 5  0.004995312  0.0307008811  0.03883849 0.02442417 0.034582636  0.0053388207
## 6  0.092237760 -0.0008717607 -0.02911656 0.02067104 0.005338821  0.0601833060
##              7            8           9           10           11          12
## 1  0.054323132  0.069626967 -0.04201951  0.074183205  0.033001099 0.003083400
## 2  0.001455597  0.003098691  0.03662700  0.009945418  0.003418230 0.013002220
## 3 -0.014989380 -0.017199893  0.06046699 -0.009262056 -0.006160696 0.015462090
## 4  0.014082445  0.018604926  0.01844742  0.024537798  0.010848882 0.011239145
## 5 -0.001730668  0.005605850  0.03109378  0.018826182 -0.004571400 0.003299178
## 6  0.046325314  0.049657601 -0.01450742  0.045082769  0.037959510 0.020240409
##             13         14          15           16          17          18
## 1 -0.016405789 0.03215008 0.029639461 -0.005512265 -0.07276090 -0.02659707
## 2  0.022207584 0.01628493 0.013464255  0.020623577  0.04701342  0.05395399
## 3  0.033552760 0.01148264 0.008395947  0.028256192  0.08341328  0.07942810
## 4  0.013630280 0.01994557 0.017363227  0.014862970  0.01923696  0.03431040
## 5  0.013568208 0.01751464 0.011882559  0.014010488  0.04011594  0.06569084
## 6  0.006103986 0.02642762 0.028114813  0.010887113 -0.03318595 -0.02487159
##             19           20           21          22          23           24
## 1  0.050098243  0.091879085  0.041928113 0.051718351 0.012223150 -0.013749255
## 2  0.007076090 -0.001274712  0.008264093 0.017535492 0.014631413  0.028647885
## 3 -0.006166430 -0.029557504 -0.002194011 0.007506379 0.015017951  0.041491243
## 4  0.017215896  0.020302131  0.016291379 0.025114767 0.014407468  0.018855703
## 5  0.006788032  0.004534238  0.006456323 0.025419303 0.008805392  0.025526380
## 6  0.040086662  0.060424327  0.036499323 0.031433079 0.021663186  0.001292795
##            25           26         27           28          29          30
## 1 -0.01194371 -0.002284283 0.01179768 -0.023898157 0.013976925 0.013259614
## 2  0.04795488  0.024250150 0.02106475  0.018973532 0.011418213 0.010612304
## 3  0.06707305  0.032224779 0.02383960  0.031349896 0.010165523 0.009283604
## 4  0.03317782  0.018183130 0.01895582  0.009663407 0.012471835 0.011734023
## 5  0.05957059  0.021251731 0.01984841  0.005758814 0.003741458 0.002132290
## 6 -0.01505028  0.008717883 0.01589726  0.006600067 0.025023536 0.025505596
##            31         32           33         34          35          36
## 1 0.012329555 0.04985821  0.101590245 0.03172458 0.036520858 -0.05323217
## 2 0.013023069 0.02235703 -0.002459239 0.02271828 0.014284066  0.04303602
## 3 0.012812518 0.01456422 -0.033971519 0.02030431 0.007511492  0.07237982
## 4 0.013270384 0.02818749  0.021565188 0.02449392 0.019455197  0.02062599
## 5 0.006044635 0.03324399  0.005323525 0.02855766 0.015322030  0.03893376
## 6 0.023104686 0.02663125  0.064489046 0.02066168 0.029542263 -0.02361501
##             37           38            39            40           41
## 1  0.047985819 -0.014864749  0.0414630703 -0.0063632555 -0.032135147
## 2  0.009886335  0.022211056  0.0094694781  0.0334902728  0.026997840
## 3 -0.001754963  0.033111156 -0.0004295475  0.0458995198  0.044584947
## 4  0.018782624  0.013968820  0.0170595586  0.0239596621  0.013656140
## 5  0.011047384  0.014025783  0.0084124945  0.0360965286  0.017274706
## 6  0.036967344  0.006581373  0.0352988620 -0.0006447671 -0.002994251
##            42           43          44           45           46           47
## 1 -0.04696173 -0.004609469 0.025587799  0.045581566  0.061098162  0.055332259
## 2  0.04144160  0.030277070 0.010640108  0.005457324  0.003883744  0.009500761
## 3  0.06840804  0.041047083 0.005750853 -0.007047073 -0.013668423 -0.004403881
## 4  0.02084306  0.022024029 0.014442341  0.015063192  0.017311502  0.020106415
## 5  0.03800331  0.031032591 0.005792902  0.002654548  0.004469558  0.012530684
## 6 -0.02026402  0.002715590 0.029324621  0.040096021  0.046311282  0.039595255
##           48          49         50          51
## 1 0.01401646 -0.12672404 0.01663349  0.16948658
## 2 0.01664618  0.05895605 0.01785851  0.02544184
## 3 0.01722273  0.11518891 0.01810399 -0.01591022
## 4 0.01625200  0.01608548 0.01769726  0.05649885
## 5 0.01282831  0.04503522 0.01569963  0.07365188
## 6 0.02045805 -0.06046665 0.02021236  0.06122479
#Matriz M
filas3<-nrow(M3X)
M3M<-diag(filas3)-M3P
head(M3M)
##              1             2           3           4            5             6
## 1  0.838388923  0.0127796253  0.06530809 -0.02720791 -0.004995312 -0.0922377599
## 2  0.012779625  0.9685349231 -0.04501952 -0.02109951 -0.030700881  0.0008717607
## 3  0.065308090 -0.0450195150  0.92144105 -0.01942366 -0.038838489  0.0291165550
## 4 -0.027207907 -0.0210995096 -0.01942366  0.97765879 -0.024424173 -0.0206710383
## 5 -0.004995312 -0.0307008811 -0.03883849 -0.02442417  0.965417364 -0.0053388207
## 6 -0.092237760  0.0008717607  0.02911656 -0.02067104 -0.005338821  0.9398166940
##              7            8           9           10           11           12
## 1 -0.054323132 -0.069626967  0.04201951 -0.074183205 -0.033001099 -0.003083400
## 2 -0.001455597 -0.003098691 -0.03662700 -0.009945418 -0.003418230 -0.013002220
## 3  0.014989380  0.017199893 -0.06046699  0.009262056  0.006160696 -0.015462090
## 4 -0.014082445 -0.018604926 -0.01844742 -0.024537798 -0.010848882 -0.011239145
## 5  0.001730668 -0.005605850 -0.03109378 -0.018826182  0.004571400 -0.003299178
## 6 -0.046325314 -0.049657601  0.01450742 -0.045082769 -0.037959510 -0.020240409
##             13          14           15           16          17          18
## 1  0.016405789 -0.03215008 -0.029639461  0.005512265  0.07276090  0.02659707
## 2 -0.022207584 -0.01628493 -0.013464255 -0.020623577 -0.04701342 -0.05395399
## 3 -0.033552760 -0.01148264 -0.008395947 -0.028256192 -0.08341328 -0.07942810
## 4 -0.013630280 -0.01994557 -0.017363227 -0.014862970 -0.01923696 -0.03431040
## 5 -0.013568208 -0.01751464 -0.011882559 -0.014010488 -0.04011594 -0.06569084
## 6 -0.006103986 -0.02642762 -0.028114813 -0.010887113  0.03318595  0.02487159
##             19           20           21           22           23           24
## 1 -0.050098243 -0.091879085 -0.041928113 -0.051718351 -0.012223150  0.013749255
## 2 -0.007076090  0.001274712 -0.008264093 -0.017535492 -0.014631413 -0.028647885
## 3  0.006166430  0.029557504  0.002194011 -0.007506379 -0.015017951 -0.041491243
## 4 -0.017215896 -0.020302131 -0.016291379 -0.025114767 -0.014407468 -0.018855703
## 5 -0.006788032 -0.004534238 -0.006456323 -0.025419303 -0.008805392 -0.025526380
## 6 -0.040086662 -0.060424327 -0.036499323 -0.031433079 -0.021663186 -0.001292795
##            25           26          27           28           29           30
## 1  0.01194371  0.002284283 -0.01179768  0.023898157 -0.013976925 -0.013259614
## 2 -0.04795488 -0.024250150 -0.02106475 -0.018973532 -0.011418213 -0.010612304
## 3 -0.06707305 -0.032224779 -0.02383960 -0.031349896 -0.010165523 -0.009283604
## 4 -0.03317782 -0.018183130 -0.01895582 -0.009663407 -0.012471835 -0.011734023
## 5 -0.05957059 -0.021251731 -0.01984841 -0.005758814 -0.003741458 -0.002132290
## 6  0.01505028 -0.008717883 -0.01589726 -0.006600067 -0.025023536 -0.025505596
##             31          32           33          34           35          36
## 1 -0.012329555 -0.04985821 -0.101590245 -0.03172458 -0.036520858  0.05323217
## 2 -0.013023069 -0.02235703  0.002459239 -0.02271828 -0.014284066 -0.04303602
## 3 -0.012812518 -0.01456422  0.033971519 -0.02030431 -0.007511492 -0.07237982
## 4 -0.013270384 -0.02818749 -0.021565188 -0.02449392 -0.019455197 -0.02062599
## 5 -0.006044635 -0.03324399 -0.005323525 -0.02855766 -0.015322030 -0.03893376
## 6 -0.023104686 -0.02663125 -0.064489046 -0.02066168 -0.029542263  0.02361501
##             37           38            39            40           41
## 1 -0.047985819  0.014864749 -0.0414630703  0.0063632555  0.032135147
## 2 -0.009886335 -0.022211056 -0.0094694781 -0.0334902728 -0.026997840
## 3  0.001754963 -0.033111156  0.0004295475 -0.0458995198 -0.044584947
## 4 -0.018782624 -0.013968820 -0.0170595586 -0.0239596621 -0.013656140
## 5 -0.011047384 -0.014025783 -0.0084124945 -0.0360965286 -0.017274706
## 6 -0.036967344 -0.006581373 -0.0352988620  0.0006447671  0.002994251
##            42           43           44           45           46           47
## 1  0.04696173  0.004609469 -0.025587799 -0.045581566 -0.061098162 -0.055332259
## 2 -0.04144160 -0.030277070 -0.010640108 -0.005457324 -0.003883744 -0.009500761
## 3 -0.06840804 -0.041047083 -0.005750853  0.007047073  0.013668423  0.004403881
## 4 -0.02084306 -0.022024029 -0.014442341 -0.015063192 -0.017311502 -0.020106415
## 5 -0.03800331 -0.031032591 -0.005792902 -0.002654548 -0.004469558 -0.012530684
## 6  0.02026402 -0.002715590 -0.029324621 -0.040096021 -0.046311282 -0.039595255
##            48          49          50          51
## 1 -0.01401646  0.12672404 -0.01663349 -0.16948658
## 2 -0.01664618 -0.05895605 -0.01785851 -0.02544184
## 3 -0.01722273 -0.11518891 -0.01810399  0.01591022
## 4 -0.01625200 -0.01608548 -0.01769726 -0.05649885
## 5 -0.01282831 -0.04503522 -0.01569963 -0.07365188
## 6 -0.02045805  0.06046665 -0.02021236 -0.06122479

2. Compruebe que los residuos en el objeto “modelo_estimado” son iguales al producto de M*y, donde “y” es la variable endógena en el modelo (“crime”)

residuos3<-modelo_estimado_1$residuals
datos3<-modelo_estimado_1$model
residuosM3<-M3M%*%datos3$crime
comparacion3<-as.data.frame(round(cbind(residuosM3,residuos3,residuos3-residuosM3),digits = 4))
names(comparacion3)<-c("Matriz","Modelo","Diferencia")
head(comparacion3,15)
##       Matriz    Modelo Diferencia
## 1  -311.7055 -311.7055          0
## 2   116.8029  116.8029          0
## 3    45.2539   45.2539          0
## 4   -34.4460  -34.4460          0
## 5   243.0003  243.0003          0
## 6  -145.1156 -145.1156          0
## 7    86.1321   86.1321          0
## 8    88.3092   88.3092          0
## 9   689.8233  689.8233          0
## 10 -163.2854 -163.2854          0
## 11   60.8984   60.8984          0
## 12  126.9248  126.9248          0
## 13  -19.2661  -19.2661          0
## 14  322.5949  322.5949          0
## 15  -22.4420  -22.4420          0

3. Muestre que los autovalores de x’x son positivos (use el comando eigen)

descomponer3<-eigen(M3XX,T)
autovalores3<-descomponer3$values
print(autovalores3)
## [1] 17956.580914   279.157317     1.681762
print(autovalores3>0)
## [1] TRUE TRUE TRUE

Ejercicio 4: Dentro del archivo “Investiment_Equation.xlsx” se encuentran datos para estimar una función de inversión, para un país, y contiene las siguientes variables:

InvReal=Inversión Real en millones de US$

Trend=tendencia

Inflation=inflación

PNBr=Producto Nacional Bruto Real en US$

Interest=Tasa de interés

a) Estima la ecuación de inversión, presenta sus resultados en formato APA.

library(readxl)
Investiment_Equation <- read_excel("~/EMA1182022/Archivos/Investiment_Equation.xlsx")
Funcion_Inversion<-lm(formula = InvReal~Trend+Inflation+PNBr+Interest, data = Investiment_Equation)
library(stargazer)
stargazer(Funcion_Inversion, title=("Modelo de inversion"), type="html", digits=4)
Modelo de inversion
Dependent variable:
InvReal
Trend -0.0164***
(0.0019)
Inflation 0.00002
(0.0013)
PNBr 0.6645***
(0.0541)
Interest -0.2403*
(0.1203)
Constant -0.5034***
(0.0542)
Observations 15
R2 0.9730
Adjusted R2 0.9622
Residual Std. Error 0.0066 (df = 10)
F Statistic 90.0892*** (df = 4; 10)
Note: p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

b) Calcule los residuos a través de la matriz M

M4X<-model.matrix(Funcion_Inversion)
M4XX<-t(M4X)%*%M4X

#Matriz A
M4A<-solve(M4XX)%*%t(M4X)

#Matriz P
M4P<-M4X%*%M4A

#Matriz M
filas4<-nrow(M4X)
M4M<-diag(filas4)-M4P
print(M4M)
##              1           2            3           4             5           6
## 1   0.67842756 -0.28471424 -0.209833694 -0.13923274 -0.1393226219 -0.16147365
## 2  -0.28471424  0.73908208 -0.203548351 -0.12621852 -0.1010834681 -0.13420892
## 3  -0.20983369 -0.20354835  0.758582327 -0.17225535 -0.0801426018 -0.03646669
## 4  -0.13923274 -0.12621852 -0.172255351  0.82801107 -0.1302644807 -0.04228856
## 5  -0.13932262 -0.10108347 -0.080142602 -0.13026448  0.7980613342 -0.12428885
## 6  -0.16147365 -0.13420892 -0.036466690 -0.04228856 -0.1242888510  0.82271472
## 7  -0.04075884 -0.07835320 -0.100105925 -0.05736545  0.0498420966 -0.01917733
## 8   0.12675799  0.06204480 -0.097374051 -0.12684820  0.0557105136  0.11221127
## 9   0.02887486  0.04215174 -0.026124109 -0.12275203 -0.1659655377 -0.02680105
## 10  0.05649707  0.07518229  0.085751775 -0.04969122 -0.1726641302 -0.10543435
## 11  0.03013955  0.03858522  0.128917726  0.03988953 -0.0952374400 -0.16120800
## 12 -0.01835770 -0.02572103  0.085215645  0.08602415  0.0006200257 -0.15295675
## 13  0.01384862 -0.01931307 -0.006215429  0.04595314  0.0718810049 -0.03794411
## 14 -0.01079919 -0.04723036 -0.043188000  0.05457573  0.1029397996 -0.01791431
## 15  0.06994704  0.06334503 -0.083213272 -0.08753708 -0.0700856433  0.08523657
##              7             8           9          10            11
## 1  -0.04075884  0.1267579909  0.02887486  0.05649707  0.0301395482
## 2  -0.07835320  0.0620447953  0.04215174  0.07518229  0.0385852240
## 3  -0.10010592 -0.0973740506 -0.02612411  0.08575177  0.1289177256
## 4  -0.05736545 -0.1268481966 -0.12275203 -0.04969122  0.0398895251
## 5   0.04984210  0.0557105136 -0.16596554 -0.17266413 -0.0952374400
## 6  -0.01917733  0.1122112748 -0.02680105 -0.10543435 -0.1612080000
## 7   0.72908167 -0.3412372203  0.03848329  0.03284320 -0.0331689311
## 8  -0.34123722  0.2961643473 -0.11673072 -0.06805334 -0.0008186063
## 9   0.03848329 -0.1167307207  0.73613120 -0.24227787 -0.0995979798
## 10  0.03284320 -0.0680533391 -0.24227787  0.65892407 -0.2706620648
## 11 -0.03316893 -0.0008186063 -0.09959798 -0.27066206  0.6637732682
## 12 -0.08204746  0.0689687040  0.04180083 -0.09942102 -0.2561204399
## 13 -0.12947696 -0.0577740589  0.04943069  0.02953218 -0.0824169036
## 14 -0.10565511  0.0249327305  0.09038480  0.11932553 -0.0060307187
## 15  0.13709616  0.0620458361 -0.22700810 -0.04985211  0.1039557933
##               12           13           14          15
## 1  -0.0183577019  0.013848624 -0.010799191  0.06994704
## 2  -0.0257210317 -0.019313067 -0.047230364  0.06334503
## 3   0.0852156449 -0.006215429 -0.043188000 -0.08321327
## 4   0.0860241509  0.045953139  0.054575734 -0.08753708
## 5   0.0006200257  0.071881005  0.102939800 -0.07008564
## 6  -0.1529567464 -0.037944112 -0.017914310  0.08523657
## 7  -0.0820474556 -0.129476957 -0.105655109  0.13709616
## 8   0.0689687040 -0.057774059  0.024932730  0.06204584
## 9   0.0418008317  0.049430688  0.090384796 -0.22700810
## 10 -0.0994210180  0.029532177  0.119325528 -0.04985211
## 11 -0.2561204399 -0.082416904 -0.006030719  0.10395579
## 12  0.6834362759 -0.205933791 -0.201122369  0.07561492
## 13 -0.2059337907  0.748638334 -0.304841907 -0.11536774
## 14 -0.2011223686 -0.304841907  0.583886260 -0.23926288
## 15  0.0756149198 -0.115367741 -0.239262879  0.27508548
residuos4<-Funcion_Inversion$residuals
datos4<-Funcion_Inversion$model
residuosM4<-M4M%*%datos4$InvReal
comparacion4<-as.data.frame(round(cbind(residuosM4,residuos4,residuos4-residuosM4),digits = 4))
names(comparacion4)<-c("Matriz","Modelo","Diferencia")
print(comparacion4)
##     Matriz  Modelo Diferencia
## 1  -0.0101 -0.0101          0
## 2  -0.0009 -0.0009          0
## 3   0.0030  0.0030          0
## 4   0.0079  0.0079          0
## 5   0.0028  0.0028          0
## 6   0.0006  0.0006          0
## 7   0.0076  0.0076          0
## 8  -0.0055 -0.0055          0
## 9  -0.0037 -0.0037          0
## 10  0.0007  0.0007          0
## 11  0.0020  0.0020          0
## 12 -0.0001 -0.0001          0
## 13 -0.0102 -0.0102          0
## 14  0.0069  0.0069          0
## 15 -0.0008 -0.0008          0

c) Calcule un intervalo de confianza del 93% para el impacto del PNBr en la Inversión, e interprételo.

confint(Funcion_Inversion,"PNBr",0.93)
##         3.5 %   96.5 %
## PNBr 0.554777 0.774317

Interpretación: con un nivel de significancia de 7% se pronostica que el aumento de un millon de dolares en el Producto Interno Bruto Real provocara que la inversión real aumente en 0.5547 Millones de dolares como minimo y un maximo de 0.7743 millones de dolares

Ejercicio 5: Dentro del archivo “consumption_equation.RData” se encuentran objetos relacionados a una función de consumo, que se construyó usando las variables:

C=Consumo en millones de US$

Yd=Ingreso disponible

W=Riqueza

I=Tasa de interés

a) Calcule los residuos del modelo.

load("~/EMA1182022/Archivos/consumption_equation.RData")

filas5<-nrow(P)
M5M<-diag(filas5)-P

residuos_consumo<-M5M%*%C
head(residuos_consumo)
##         [,1]
## 1  -5.859103
## 2   2.605057
## 3  45.765735
## 4  31.102448
## 5 -21.037889
## 6   7.008120

b) Calcule la varianza del error del modelo.

k<-4
Varianza<-(t(residuos_consumo)%*%residuos_consumo)/(filas5-k)
print(Varianza)
##          [,1]
## [1,] 1428.746

c) Obtenga la matriz de Var-Cov del modelo.

Varianza<-as.vector(Varianza)
Var_Cov<-Varianza*solve(XX)
print(Var_Cov)
##               (Intercept)             Yd               W             I
## (Intercept) 164.522304918 -0.09333539523  0.009670913575 10.5186890800
## Yd           -0.093335395  0.00018911268 -0.000032769561 -0.0072901023
## W             0.009670914 -0.00003276956  0.000006165749  0.0004193421
## I            10.518689080 -0.00729010228  0.000419342092  5.3203789879

d) Obtenga las estimaciones del Consumo, del modelo propuesto.

Estimaciones<-P%*%C
head(Estimaciones,15)
##         [,1]
## 1   982.2591
## 2   995.4949
## 3   979.5343
## 4  1059.7976
## 5  1128.1379
## 6  1135.3919
## 7  1179.3403
## 8  1211.1944
## 9  1288.3977
## 10 1351.4897
## 11 1374.0159
## 12 1406.1277
## 13 1453.1784
## 14 1493.4953
## 15 1557.5083

Ejercicio 6: Dentro del archivo “datos_ventas.RData” se encuentran los datos para estimar una función de ventas, para una empresa, y contiene las siguientes variables:

ventas=Ventas en milones de US$

tv=gasto en publicidad en TV en millones de US$

radio=gasto en publicidad en radio en millones de US$

periodico=gasto en publicidad en periodico en millones de US$

a) Estima la ecuación de ventas, presenta sus resultados en formato APA.

load("~/EMA1182022/Archivos/datos_ventas.RData")
model_ventas<-lm(formula = ventas~tv+radio+periodico, data = datos_ventas)
library(stargazer)
stargazer(model_ventas,title=("Modelo de ventas"), type="html", digits=5)
Modelo de ventas
Dependent variable:
ventas
tv 0.04503
(0.11796)
radio -3.44959***
(0.20612)
periodico 18.48504***
(0.56342)
Constant -33.28854***
(7.17224)
Observations 200
R2 0.84667
Adjusted R2 0.84432
Residual Std. Error 33.87478 (df = 196)
F Statistic 360.75750*** (df = 3; 196)
Note: p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

b) Calcule los residuos a través de la matriz M

M6X<-model.matrix(model_ventas)
M6XX<-t(M6X)%*%M6X

#Matriz A
M6A<-solve(M6XX)%*%t(M6X)

#Matriz P
M6P<-M6X%*%M6A

#Matriz M
filas6<-nrow(M6X)
M6M<-diag(filas6)-M6P

residuos6<-model_ventas$residuals
datos6<-model_ventas$model
residuosM6<-M6M%*%datos6$ventas
comparacion6<-as.data.frame(round(cbind(residuosM6,residuos6,residuos6-residuosM6),digits = 4))
names(comparacion6)<-c("Matriz","Modelo","Diferencia")
head(comparacion6,10)
##      Matriz   Modelo Diferencia
## 1  -17.8525 -17.8525          0
## 2   19.0822  19.0822          0
## 3   33.7932  33.7932          0
## 4  -17.3509 -17.3509          0
## 5   10.2572  10.2572          0
## 6   74.2039  74.2039          0
## 7  -15.2465 -15.2465          0
## 8  -23.4243 -23.4243          0
## 9  -39.6405 -39.6405          0
## 10  45.1614  45.1614          0

c) Calcule un intervalo de confianza del 96.8% para el impacto del gasto de publicidad en TV, en las ventas, e interprételo.

confint(object = model_ventas, parm = "tv", level=0.968)
##         1.6 %    98.4 %
## tv -0.2097376 0.2998052

Interpretación: con un nivel de significancia de 3.2% no se rechaza la hipotesis nula y se determina que los gastos en publicidad en TV no tienen una relación lineal parcial en el modelo