1 About the report

1.1 Introduction

This report brings together all the basic energy statistics across the 5 POC sites in an easy to read template. The charts and tables are organised in bulletted sections and subsections. We have used statistical techniques to handle missing data (which happens from time to time due to site wiring or equipment damages, uninformed changes and router hang situations). A short summary is added by us on each section as our take. The report is in HTML format and can be opened from any modern browser.

All the data used are in the range Oct 1st to Feb 28th for a total of 5 sites. Except the DC Load section, which uses data for last 30 days from the date of this report. All data (fuel levels, events of DG, AC and DC electrical parameters) was automatically collected using IOT sensors and energy meters at a 1 minute frequency.

2 AC Mains (Grid power)

2.1 Energy as Measured

To start with let’s take a look at total AC kWh clocked for each site for each month.

Monthly GRID Energy used (kWh)
Oct'21 Nov'21 Dec'21 Jan'22 Feb'22
BagruUPG1 8,003 7,030 6,986 6,725 5,880
BagruUPG2 5,114 4,399 4,266 4,109 4,018
Dand01 5,005 5,193 5,249 3,506 3,333
Jobner 7,489 7,056 7,085 6,813 6,507
Sawarda 3,045 2,638 3,340 3,225 2,927
TOTAL 28,657 26,316 26,925 24,377 22,664

2.2 Normalised Grid Energy

Due to changing period each month (number of days in month and missing periods of data), the captured grid kWh may not give a representative trend month on month. Therefore we use normalized data of exactly 30 days (720 hours) by apportioning existing kWh for each month.

2.3 Trend & Variance

The trend & variance of kWh (per day per site) can be visualized much better in compact boxplot charts. The below box plot chart shows that data consistency is good for all sites (except for Dand in October when it wildly fluctuated, but Dand has become very consistent to its expected value in last couple of months). Bagru UPG1 is one site that shows a clear downward trend in EB consumption (perhaps due to a large share of electricity going to the air conditioners used).

Note on boxplot defaults. The taller the box the greater is the volatility of the data points (kWh each day). The median line is the solid horizontal line inside each box. The lower and upper hinges correspond to the first and third quartiles (the 25th and 75th percentile thresholds). The upper whisker extends from the hinge to the largest value no further than 1.5 times IQR from the hinge (where IQR is the inter-quartile range, or distance between the first and third quartiles). The lower whisker extends from the hinge to the smallest value at most 1.5 times of IQR of the hinge. Data beyond the end of the whiskers are called “outlying” points and are plotted individually.

2.4 DG energy

DG Energy consumption is tracked using AC source number two in our AC energy meters. Except Dand where we did not get AC source of DG on a separate phase on all other sites we are able to capture the energy supplied by DG set directly in the energy meter without relying on ignition events.

2.4.1 Total DG Energy

Following is the kWh generated month wise by DG sets on each site.

Monthly DG Energy used (kWh)
Oct'21 Nov'21 Dec'21 Jan'22 Feb'22
BagruUPG1 1,097 1,067 998 1,024 963
BagruUPG2 774 759 748 713 726
Dand01 904 519 696 585 239
Jobner 922 701 607 809 559
Sawarda 994 654 667 814 791
TOTAL 4,691 3,701 3,716 3,945 3,277

2.4.2 DG Energy as percentage of total

This is the split between Grid and DG energy aggregated over the entire 5 months time span.

DG Energy Generation as percent of total
Across the months Oct'21 to Feb'22}
Grid DG Percent
DG
BagruUPG1 34,624 5,149 12.95%
BagruUPG2 21,906 3,720 14.50%
Dand01 23,288 2,943 11.20%
Jobner 34,949 3,597 9.35%
Sawarda 15,174 3,920 20.55%

3 Run hours

These are tables with Total Run hours (or use hours) of various energy sources, on a per site per month basis. Since the total hours in a month are 720 or 744 (for 31 days month) and there could be few hours of downtime every month, the monthly totals may not add up to exact available hours of the month. Sometimes the total may exceed the total available hours by a small amount. This is due to the reason of overlapping of two energy sources e.g. Battery & DG or DG & Mains.

3.1 Bagru1

BagruUPG1
Run hours
Month Tot. Hrs
in Mnth		 HOURS LOGGED
EB DG BAT
Oct'21 744 646 92 3
Nov'21 720 623 95 1
Dec'21 744 641 95 6
Jan'22 744 612 102 4
Feb'22 672 568 99 1

3.2 Bagru2

BagruUPG2
Run hours
Month Tot. Hrs
in Mnth		 HOURS LOGGED
EB DG BAT
Oct'21 744 620 108 2
Nov'21 720 622 103 0
Dec'21 744 639 113 0
Jan'22 744 637 113 0
Feb'22 672 576 102 1

3.3 Dand

Dand01
Run hours
Month Tot. Hrs
in Mnth		 HOURS LOGGED
EB DG BAT
Oct'21 744 598 89 58
Nov'21 720 628 51 40
Dec'21 744 616 71 56
Jan'22 744 629 65 50
Feb'22 672 620 32 20

3.4 Jobner

Jobner
Run hours
Month Tot. Hrs
in Mnth		 HOURS LOGGED
EB DG BAT
Oct'21 744 662 77 4
Nov'21 720 654 63 2
Dec'21 744 680 62 5
Jan'22 744 664 75 3
Feb'22 672 608 50 12

3.5 Sawarda

Sawarda
Run hours
Month Tot. Hrs
in Mnth		 HOURS LOGGED
EB DG BAT
Oct'21 744 546 169 23
Nov'21 720 490 140 16
Dec'21 744 588 116 36
Jan'22 744 572 138 30
Feb'22 672 510 126 31

3.6 Charts - trends

Run hour trends can be seen in this plot for all 3 energy sources. As you see maximum Grid energy is used in Jobner, max DG energy in Sawarda and max Battery is deployed in Dand. Battery is hardly used in Bagru and Jobner sites.

4 Diesel Generator Metrics

These reports give a quick idea of the DG sets performance for each site. The number of sites is small hence classification of DG sets is not yet possible. In the series of DG metrics you can see total fuel consumption, total refuel (net of drain), total run hours, idling hours, CPH & EER. CPH has been calculated by two methods.

  • Ignition hours (Gross) : Time when DG was running (irrespective of load connected or not)
  • Loading hours (Net) : Time when DG was running and load connected to it.

The Second method will be closer to the actual CPH. EER, or Energy Exchange Ratio, as defined by us is Watt Hours per Litre and we should be the final measure of any DG set performance.

4.1 Fuel & Run hours

Month Cons.
Actual(L)		 Drain
(L)		 Refuel
Gross(L)		 Refuel
Net(L)		 DG Run hrs
Ignition		 DG Run hrs
Connected		 DG Idle hrs
Detected1
BagruUPG1
Oct'21 407.6 0.0 419.5 419.5 92.41 83.61 3.99
Nov'21 392.1 0.0 397.6 397.6 94.74 76.80 3.56
Dec'21 374.3 0.0 352.4 352.4 94.60 86.35 5.35
Jan'22 393.6 0.0 405.3 405.3 101.68 96.87 4.53
Feb'22 393.3 85.2 452.0 366.8 99.14 93.22 5.93
BagruUPG2
Oct'21 407.1 0.0 430.8 430.8 108.28 88.47 14.16
Nov'21 380.8 0.0 405.3 405.3 102.77 82.36 9.57
Dec'21 405.5 0.0 358.1 358.1 113.01 97.06 15.13
Jan'22 403.6 0.0 401.3 401.3 113.06 100.14 11.97
Feb'22 379.6 19.6 419.8 400.2 101.55 87.29 14.22
Dand01
Oct'21 - - - - - - -
Nov'21 194.2 0.0 179.4 179.4 51.41 - -
Dec'21 261.3 0.0 395.8 395.8 71.29 - -
Jan'22 247.4 0.0 167.4 167.4 64.86 - -
Feb'22 112.7 0.0 202.6 202.6 31.76 - -
Jobner
Oct'21 336.3 0.0 318.4 318.4 77.41 63.10 4.09
Nov'21 262.5 0.0 325.4 325.4 63.42 57.25 6.17
Dec'21 - - - - - 49.81 10.18
Jan'22 298.7 0.0 240.5 240.5 75.02 66.21 6.76
Feb'22 212.8 68.2 278.9 210.7 49.55 45.54 3.56
Sawarda
Oct'21 462.9 0.0 434.4 434.4 168.93 160.70 1.53
Nov'21 396.2 0.0 404.7 404.7 139.85 106.70 1.48
Dec'21 330.5 0.0 341.2 341.2 115.80 105.36 1.30
Jan'22 392.8 0.0 380.9 380.9 137.59 136.12 1.06
Feb'22 362.0 0.0 351.2 351.2 126.46 125.65 0.79
1 DG idling is taken when Watt Hours supplied is zero while DG ignition is ON. Excludes missing watt hour periods

4.2 EER

EER
Month BagruUPG1 BagruUPG2 Dand01 Jobner Sawarda
Oct'21 2,692 1,941 2,565 2,741 2,146
Nov'21 2,722 1,994 2,608 2,671 2,017
Dec'21 2,667 1,845 2,642 2,517 2,019
Jan'22 2,600 1,766 2,557 2,707 2,070
Feb'22 2,448 1,912 2,279 2,624 2,181

4.3 CPH - Net & Gross

CPH
Month NET CPH1 GROSS CPH
Bagru1 Bagru2 Dand Jobner Sawarda Bagru1 Bagru2 Dand Jobner Sawarda
Oct'21 5.12 5.48 - 5.70 2.91 4.88 4.60 - 5.33 2.88
Nov'21 5.35 5.23 - 5.14 3.77 5.11 4.62 3.78 4.59 3.71
Dec'21 4.62 4.95 - 6.89 3.18 4.33 4.18 3.67 4.73 3.14
Jan'22 4.26 4.58 - 5.02 2.91 4.06 4.03 3.81 4.51 2.89
Feb'22 4.51 5.20 - 5.07 2.90 4.22 4.35 3.55 4.67 2.88
1 Net CPH = Fuel consumed per hour of DG running and connected to load

4.4 Run hours - Variance

Box plots reveal a lot more information about the distribution of DG run hours. As we see from the 5 box plot trends, Dand & Jobner have the lowest medians. Dand has a very close lower hinge in the box which means most data is close to the lowest data. We also see many outliers of high values in Dand. Since Dand has such a low median and 25 percentile line, it means the DG is getting fired several times for very short duration, which could be inefficient not just for DG battery life but for fuel economy also. Sawarda DG run hours are the most predictable with few outliers.

4.5 EER variations

As we see the EER-variations are almost the same across sites (all box plots have same height). This indicates similar data accuracy across sites. We also see that Bagru2 has very low EER compared to any of the 30 KVA sites indicating a problem in the DG set. Sawarda DG is 25KVA hence is expected to be lower than the other 4.

4.6 Top 10 Idling

TOP 10 DG IDLING CASES
Site Date Ignition Time Connected Time Idling Time Fuel Consumed
(Litres)		 Fuel CPH
jobner001 2021-12-05 17856s (~4.96 hours) 2520s (~42 minutes) 15336s (~4.26 hours) 10.8 2.2
jobner001 2021-12-16 13140s (~3.65 hours) 6768s (~1.88 hours) 6336s (~1.76 hours) 10.4 2.8
jobner001 2021-12-06 7740s (~2.15 hours) 2592s (~43.2 minutes) 5148s (~1.43 hours) 5.5 2.6
bagru2 2022-01-14 15228s (~4.23 hours) 10260s (~2.85 hours) 4968s (~1.38 hours) 13.1 3.1
bagru2 2021-12-26 18324s (~5.09 hours) 13428s (~3.73 hours) 4896s (~1.36 hours) 17.2 3.4
bagru2 2021-10-14 17064s (~4.74 hours) 12708s (~3.53 hours) 4320s (~1.2 hours) 18.1 3.8
bagru2 2021-10-25 9252s (~2.57 hours) 6120s (~1.7 hours) 3132s (~52.2 minutes) 8.7 3.4
bagru2 2021-10-20 18144s (~5.04 hours) 15048s (~4.18 hours) 3096s (~51.6 minutes) 18.3 3.6
bagru2 2022-02-15 18216s (~5.06 hours) 15120s (~4.2 hours) 3096s (~51.6 minutes) 17.4 3.4
bagru2 2021-12-18 13356s (~3.71 hours) 10332s (~2.87 hours) 3024s (~50.4 minutes) 14.9 4.0

5 Daily kWh trend

The underlying data used for all the above reports can be seen in the following daily energy plots. The light blue solid line is the statistically interpolated EB kWh data, red line is the DG kWh and the dark blue smoothed line at the top is the total AC kWh (sum of EB and DG kWh).

Note: the light grey dashed lines inside EB and DG line charts are from the raw data if no interpolation was performed.

5.1 Bagru1

5.2 Bagru2

5.3 Dand

5.4 Jobner

5.5 Sawarda

Note: Underlying raw data in csv format can be supplied for all the above charts.

6 DC Load

DC load contributes the biggest energy consumption for any BTS site. The DC load pattern for the full day is different for each site depending on the radio equipment used as well as the mix of load e.g. for Transmission / Back Haul Optical equipment the DC load will be mostly stationary throughout the day.

6.1 Variance - Within a Day

All 5 sites have a unique DC load distribution over the day. The higher the Inter Quartile Range (IQR) the better the off hour load reduction.

6.2 Variance - Over the days

If we see median load for each day in last 90 days, we see the load is mostly flat for all except jobner site.

7 Missing Data

7.1 Energy Meter

Missing data is an important metric for the overall quality of the IOT project. We should strive to get this value to zero for all sites. The following plot shows missed or incorrect data measured in downtime hours per month for each site. The Heavy Outage in Dand seen in Jan and Feb was due to the uninformed changes done by Airtel SPS/AC source wiring/configuration resulting in reduced AC wattage measured for the period. Omnicomm technician had to do a rewiring at site. This caused a dip in total AC wattage measure for almost 20 days starting Jan 20th.

7.2 Fuel level

When we examined missing data for fuel, the top fuel sensor outage occured for the site : Jobner in the month Dec’21 for a total period of 312 hours. There was a net fuel level difference across this outage period starting on Dec 18 of 158.1 litres.