Load Data Package

install.packages("https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/faraway_1.0.7.zip", repos = NULL)
## 將程式套件安載入 'C:/Users/user/Documents/R/win-library/4.1'
## (因為 'lib' 沒有被指定)
## package 'faraway' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked

Load Data Library

library(faraway)
## Warning: 套件 'faraway' 是用 R 版本 4.1.3 來建造的
library(lattice)
## 
## 載入套件：'lattice'
## 下列物件被遮斷自 'package:faraway':
## 
##     melanoma

Load Data

data("hormone")

Data Structure

str(hormone)
## 'data.frame':    26 obs. of  3 variables:
##  $ androgen   : num  3.9 4 3.8 3.9 2.9 3.2 4.6 4.3 3.1 2.7 ...
##  $ estrogen   : num  1.8 2.3 2.3 2.5 1.3 1.7 3.4 3.1 1.8 1.5 ...
##  $ orientation: Factor w/ 2 levels "g","s": 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ...

Sex Orientation 分布

table(hormone$orientation)
## 
##  g  s 
## 15 11

Gay 15 people Straight 11 people

Gay 和 Straight 在androgen and estrogen的mean

with(hormone, aggregate(hormone[, 1:2], by = list(orientation), FUN = mean))
##   Group.1 androgen estrogen
## 1       g 2.500000     3.24
## 2       s 3.518182     2.10

Gay 和 Straight 在androgen and estrogen的sd

with(hormone, aggregate(hormone[, 1:2], by = list(orientation), FUN = sd))
##   Group.1  androgen  estrogen
## 1       g 0.9227289 1.2443013
## 2       s 0.7208581 0.6899275

Gay and Straight 在 androgen 上的分布

densityplot(~ androgen, groups = orientation, data = hormone, xlab = 'androgen level', lty = c(1,2), plot.points = F, type = "g", , main = 'androgen (s = 虛線, g = 實線)')

qq(orientation ~ androgen, data = hormone, type = c('r', 'g'), pch = '.', aspect = 1, xlab = 'Gay', ylab = 'Straight', main = 'Androgen')

Average Straight man has higher level of androgen than Gay man Gay and Straight 在 estrogen 上的分布

densityplot(~ estrogen, groups = orientation, data = hormone, xlab = 'estrogen level', lty = c(1,2), plot.points = F, type = "g", , main = 'estrogen (s = 虛線, g = 實線)')

qq(orientation ~ estrogen, data = hormone, type = c('r', 'g'), pch = '.', aspect = 1, xlab = 'Gay', ylab = 'Straight', main = 'Estrogen')

Average Straight man has lower level of estrogen than Gay man Gay and Straight/ estrogen and androgen relation

xyplot(androgen ~ estrogen |  orientation, data = hormone, xlab = 'estrogen', ylab = 'androgen',
       type = c("g", "p", "r"), cex = 0.1, layout = c(4, 1))

Straight man has higher ratio of androgen/estrogen than Gay man Androgen is related to regulating the development and maintenance of male characteristics

As Estrogen is responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics

Thus the result of Straight man averaging higher Androgen and Gay man averaging higher Estrogen might explain the different behavior and orientation preferences