HW3_0308

install.packages("https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/faraway_1.0.7.zip", repos = NULL)

## 將程式套件安載入 'C:/Users/user/Documents/R/win-library/4.1'
## (因為 'lib' 沒有被指定)

## package 'faraway' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked

library("faraway")

## Warning: 套件 'faraway' 是用 R 版本 4.1.2 來建造的

install.packages("https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/4.1/moments_0.14.zip", repos= NULL)

## 將程式套件安載入 'C:/Users/user/Documents/R/win-library/4.1'
## (因為 'lib' 沒有被指定)

## package 'moments' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked

library("moments")

## Warning: 套件 'moments' 是用 R 版本 4.1.1 來建造的

data("eco")

str(eco)

## 'data.frame':    51 obs. of  4 variables:
##  $ usborn: num  0.987 0.939 0.909 0.987 0.745 ...
##  $ income: num  21442 25675 23060 20346 27503 ...
##  $ home  : num  75.9 34 34.2 67.1 46.4 43.3 57 50.2 39.3 30.5 ...
##  $ pop   : num  4040587 550043 3665228 2350725 29760021 ...

head(eco)

##             usborn income home      pop
## Alabama    0.98656  21442 75.9  4040587
## Alaska     0.93914  25675 34.0   550043
## Arizona    0.90918  23060 34.2  3665228
## Arkansas   0.98688  20346 67.1  2350725
## California 0.74541  27503 46.4 29760021
## Colorado   0.94688  28657 43.3  3294394

summary(eco)

##      usborn           income           home            pop          
##  Min.   :0.7454   Min.   :18958   Min.   :21.80   Min.   :  453588  
##  1st Qu.:0.9144   1st Qu.:21895   1st Qu.:50.40   1st Qu.: 1214880  
##  Median :0.9621   Median :24957   Median :64.70   Median : 3294394  
##  Mean   :0.9403   Mean   :25370   Mean   :60.84   Mean   : 4876664  
##  3rd Qu.:0.9781   3rd Qu.:27444   3rd Qu.:70.75   3rd Qu.: 5780292  
##  Max.   :0.9899   Max.   :37598   Max.   :80.20   Max.   :29760021

plot(eco$usborn, eco$income)

hist(eco$usborn)

hist(eco$income)

hist(eco$home)

hist(eco$pop)

library(lattice)

## 
## 載入套件：'lattice'

## 下列物件被遮斷自 'package:faraway':
## 
##     melanoma

histogram(~ income, data = eco, xlab = '收入', ylab='機率',type = "density")

#連續變項間關係
dta_scores <- eco[, c('usborn', 'income', 'home', 'pop')]

#兩兩變項畫散佈圖
pairs(dta_scores, pch = '.', upper.panel = panel.smooth, lower.panel = NULL, 
      col = 'purple')

#income與home的相關
round(cor(eco$income,eco$home), 3)

## [1] -0.336

#所有項目分數相關
round(cor(dta_scores), 3)

##        usborn income   home    pop
## usborn  1.000 -0.578  0.459 -0.608
## income -0.578  1.000 -0.336  0.241
## home    0.459 -0.336  1.000  0.061
## pop    -0.608  0.241  0.061  1.000

#檢定相關是否顯著，也可以看到信賴區間
cor.test( ~ income + home, data = dta_scores)

## 
##  Pearson's product-moment correlation
## 
## data:  income and home
## t = -2.4935, df = 49, p-value = 0.01607
## alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  -0.55941319 -0.06608934
## sample estimates:
##        cor 
## -0.3355614

#載入 Hmisc，一次檢定所有相關
library(Hmisc)

## Warning: 套件 'Hmisc' 是用 R 版本 4.1.2 來建造的

## 載入需要的套件：survival

## 
## 載入套件：'survival'

## 下列物件被遮斷自 'package:faraway':
## 
##     rats, solder

## 載入需要的套件：Formula

## Warning: 套件 'Formula' 是用 R 版本 4.1.1 來建造的

## 載入需要的套件：ggplot2

## Warning: 套件 'ggplot2' 是用 R 版本 4.1.2 來建造的

## 
## 載入套件：'Hmisc'

## 下列物件被遮斷自 'package:base':
## 
##     format.pval, units

rcorr(as.matrix(dta_scores), type="pearson")

##        usborn income  home   pop
## usborn   1.00  -0.58  0.46 -0.61
## income  -0.58   1.00 -0.34  0.24
## home     0.46  -0.34  1.00  0.06
## pop     -0.61   0.24  0.06  1.00
## 
## n= 51 
## 
## 
## P
##        usborn income home   pop   
## usborn        0.0000 0.0007 0.0000
## income 0.0000        0.0161 0.0888
## home   0.0007 0.0161        0.6712
## pop    0.0000 0.0888 0.6712