Data624_HW4
Hector Santana
3/6/2022
library(mlbench)
library(car)## Loading required package: carDatapacman::p_load(tidyverse,janitor,DataExplorer,knitr,arsenal,kableExtra,car,geoR,caret,
psych,gridExtra,DMwR2,lmtest,pscl,MKmisc,ROCR,survey,stats,rstatix,Rcpp,
corrplot,forecast,cowplot)
library(mice)##
## Attaching package: 'mice'## The following object is masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## cbind, rbinddata(Glass)
str(Glass)## 'data.frame': 214 obs. of 10 variables:
## $ RI : num 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52 ...
## $ Na : num 13.6 13.9 13.5 13.2 13.3 ...
## $ Mg : num 4.49 3.6 3.55 3.69 3.62 3.61 3.6 3.61 3.58 3.6 ...
## $ Al : num 1.1 1.36 1.54 1.29 1.24 1.62 1.14 1.05 1.37 1.36 ...
## $ Si : num 71.8 72.7 73 72.6 73.1 ...
## $ K : num 0.06 0.48 0.39 0.57 0.55 0.64 0.58 0.57 0.56 0.57 ...
## $ Ca : num 8.75 7.83 7.78 8.22 8.07 8.07 8.17 8.24 8.3 8.4 ...
## $ Ba : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ Fe : num 0 0 0 0 0 0.26 0 0 0 0.11 ...
## $ Type: Factor w/ 6 levels "1","2","3","5",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...column_names = colnames(Glass)
plot_str(Glass)
plot_density(Glass)
plot_boxplot(Glass,by="Type")
plot_missing(Glass)
plot_correlation(Glass)
plot_histogram(Glass)
pairs(Glass)
3.1.b) Based on the density plot and histogram, predictors Ba, Fe, K, and MG exhibit extreme skewness.Not data is missing in the existing dataset so it is not a matter of censored or purposefully missing data.The presence of collinearity also exists between predictors RI and Ca when referencing the correlation matrix. A number of outliers exist when examining the histogram plot relative to factor types.
3.1.c) A box-cox model permitting for negative and zero value would be most suitable to transform the predictor variables. Though given the distribution of the data set and relevant unique factors across predictors it may not affect the distribution of Ba, Ca, Fe, and K drastically.
Examining the lambda values of the log transformations would be the most appropriate for Ba, K, Fe, RI. A square root transformation would be the most appropriate for Ca. The remaining predictors do not require transformations.
p_transform_vals = Glass %>% select(-Type) %>% powerTransform(family="yjPower")
summary(p_transform_vals)$result[,2]## RI Na Mg Al Si K Ca Ba Fe
## -25.09 1.00 2.00 1.00 10.95 0.00 0.50 -6.86 -14.92data(Soybean)
str(Soybean)## 'data.frame': 683 obs. of 36 variables:
## $ Class : Factor w/ 19 levels "2-4-d-injury",..: 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 ...
## $ date : Factor w/ 7 levels "0","1","2","3",..: 7 5 4 4 7 6 6 5 7 5 ...
## $ plant.stand : Ord.factor w/ 2 levels "0"<"1": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## $ precip : Ord.factor w/ 3 levels "0"<"1"<"2": 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ...
## $ temp : Ord.factor w/ 3 levels "0"<"1"<"2": 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ...
## $ hail : Factor w/ 2 levels "0","1": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 ...
## $ crop.hist : Factor w/ 4 levels "0","1","2","3": 2 3 2 2 3 4 3 2 4 3 ...
## $ area.dam : Factor w/ 4 levels "0","1","2","3": 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## $ sever : Factor w/ 3 levels "0","1","2": 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 ...
## $ seed.tmt : Factor w/ 3 levels "0","1","2": 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 ...
## $ germ : Ord.factor w/ 3 levels "0"<"1"<"2": 1 2 3 2 3 2 1 3 2 3 ...
## $ plant.growth : Factor w/ 2 levels "0","1": 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ...
## $ leaves : Factor w/ 2 levels "0","1": 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ...
## $ leaf.halo : Factor w/ 3 levels "0","1","2": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## $ leaf.marg : Factor w/ 3 levels "0","1","2": 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ...
## $ leaf.size : Ord.factor w/ 3 levels "0"<"1"<"2": 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ...
## $ leaf.shread : Factor w/ 2 levels "0","1": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## $ leaf.malf : Factor w/ 2 levels "0","1": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## $ leaf.mild : Factor w/ 3 levels "0","1","2": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## $ stem : Factor w/ 2 levels "0","1": 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ...
## $ lodging : Factor w/ 2 levels "0","1": 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 ...
## $ stem.cankers : Factor w/ 4 levels "0","1","2","3": 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ...
## $ canker.lesion : Factor w/ 4 levels "0","1","2","3": 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 ...
## $ fruiting.bodies: Factor w/ 2 levels "0","1": 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ...
## $ ext.decay : Factor w/ 3 levels "0","1","2": 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ...
## $ mycelium : Factor w/ 2 levels "0","1": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## $ int.discolor : Factor w/ 3 levels "0","1","2": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## $ sclerotia : Factor w/ 2 levels "0","1": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## $ fruit.pods : Factor w/ 4 levels "0","1","2","3": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## $ fruit.spots : Factor w/ 4 levels "0","1","2","4": 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ...
## $ seed : Factor w/ 2 levels "0","1": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## $ mold.growth : Factor w/ 2 levels "0","1": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## $ seed.discolor : Factor w/ 2 levels "0","1": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## $ seed.size : Factor w/ 2 levels "0","1": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## $ shriveling : Factor w/ 2 levels "0","1": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## $ roots : Factor w/ 3 levels "0","1","2": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...summary(Soybean)## Class date plant.stand precip temp
## brown-spot : 92 5 :149 0 :354 0 : 74 0 : 80
## alternarialeaf-spot: 91 4 :131 1 :293 1 :112 1 :374
## frog-eye-leaf-spot : 91 3 :118 NA's: 36 2 :459 2 :199
## phytophthora-rot : 88 2 : 93 NA's: 38 NA's: 30
## anthracnose : 44 6 : 90
## brown-stem-rot : 44 (Other):101
## (Other) :233 NA's : 1
## hail crop.hist area.dam sever seed.tmt germ plant.growth
## 0 :435 0 : 65 0 :123 0 :195 0 :305 0 :165 0 :441
## 1 :127 1 :165 1 :227 1 :322 1 :222 1 :213 1 :226
## NA's:121 2 :219 2 :145 2 : 45 2 : 35 2 :193 NA's: 16
## 3 :218 3 :187 NA's:121 NA's:121 NA's:112
## NA's: 16 NA's: 1
##
##
## leaves leaf.halo leaf.marg leaf.size leaf.shread leaf.malf leaf.mild
## 0: 77 0 :221 0 :357 0 : 51 0 :487 0 :554 0 :535
## 1:606 1 : 36 1 : 21 1 :327 1 : 96 1 : 45 1 : 20
## 2 :342 2 :221 2 :221 NA's:100 NA's: 84 2 : 20
## NA's: 84 NA's: 84 NA's: 84 NA's:108
##
##
##
## stem lodging stem.cankers canker.lesion fruiting.bodies ext.decay
## 0 :296 0 :520 0 :379 0 :320 0 :473 0 :497
## 1 :371 1 : 42 1 : 39 1 : 83 1 :104 1 :135
## NA's: 16 NA's:121 2 : 36 2 :177 NA's:106 2 : 13
## 3 :191 3 : 65 NA's: 38
## NA's: 38 NA's: 38
##
##
## mycelium int.discolor sclerotia fruit.pods fruit.spots seed
## 0 :639 0 :581 0 :625 0 :407 0 :345 0 :476
## 1 : 6 1 : 44 1 : 20 1 :130 1 : 75 1 :115
## NA's: 38 2 : 20 NA's: 38 2 : 14 2 : 57 NA's: 92
## NA's: 38 3 : 48 4 :100
## NA's: 84 NA's:106
##
##
## mold.growth seed.discolor seed.size shriveling roots
## 0 :524 0 :513 0 :532 0 :539 0 :551
## 1 : 67 1 : 64 1 : 59 1 : 38 1 : 86
## NA's: 92 NA's:106 NA's: 92 NA's:106 2 : 15
## NA's: 31
##
##
## plot_str(Soybean)
plot_missing(Soybean)
soybean_cols = colnames(Soybean)
par(mfrow=c(3,6))
for (col in soybean_cols){
barplot(table(Soybean[col]),main=col)}
for (col in soybean_cols){
smoothScatter(Soybean[col],ylab=col)}
nearZeroVar(Soybean, names = TRUE, saveMetrics=T)## freqRatio percentUnique zeroVar nzv
## Class 1.010989 2.7818448 FALSE FALSE
## date 1.137405 1.0248902 FALSE FALSE
## plant.stand 1.208191 0.2928258 FALSE FALSE
## precip 4.098214 0.4392387 FALSE FALSE
## temp 1.879397 0.4392387 FALSE FALSE
## hail 3.425197 0.2928258 FALSE FALSE
## crop.hist 1.004587 0.5856515 FALSE FALSE
## area.dam 1.213904 0.5856515 FALSE FALSE
## sever 1.651282 0.4392387 FALSE FALSE
## seed.tmt 1.373874 0.4392387 FALSE FALSE
## germ 1.103627 0.4392387 FALSE FALSE
## plant.growth 1.951327 0.2928258 FALSE FALSE
## leaves 7.870130 0.2928258 FALSE FALSE
## leaf.halo 1.547511 0.4392387 FALSE FALSE
## leaf.marg 1.615385 0.4392387 FALSE FALSE
## leaf.size 1.479638 0.4392387 FALSE FALSE
## leaf.shread 5.072917 0.2928258 FALSE FALSE
## leaf.malf 12.311111 0.2928258 FALSE FALSE
## leaf.mild 26.750000 0.4392387 FALSE TRUE
## stem 1.253378 0.2928258 FALSE FALSE
## lodging 12.380952 0.2928258 FALSE FALSE
## stem.cankers 1.984293 0.5856515 FALSE FALSE
## canker.lesion 1.807910 0.5856515 FALSE FALSE
## fruiting.bodies 4.548077 0.2928258 FALSE FALSE
## ext.decay 3.681481 0.4392387 FALSE FALSE
## mycelium 106.500000 0.2928258 FALSE TRUE
## int.discolor 13.204545 0.4392387 FALSE FALSE
## sclerotia 31.250000 0.2928258 FALSE TRUE
## fruit.pods 3.130769 0.5856515 FALSE FALSE
## fruit.spots 3.450000 0.5856515 FALSE FALSE
## seed 4.139130 0.2928258 FALSE FALSE
## mold.growth 7.820896 0.2928258 FALSE FALSE
## seed.discolor 8.015625 0.2928258 FALSE FALSE
## seed.size 9.016949 0.2928258 FALSE FALSE
## shriveling 14.184211 0.2928258 FALSE FALSE
## roots 6.406977 0.4392387 FALSE FALSEA majority of the distributions are not degenerate. Those exhibiting a degenerate distribution in both the smooth scatter and the histograms are: leaf.mild, mycelium, sclerotia, and possibly int.discolor. However, analyzing the variances of these variables int.discolor does not have a variance consistent with degenerate distribution.
3.2.b) Referencing the missing data chart, predictors that have to do with the internal components of the plants exhibit more missing data. Given the class there is a noticeable pattern in the amount of missing data.
3.2.c) Utilizing more modern approaches to data imputation, we can utilize the MICE function from the mice package. This conducts Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations, which is a robust, informative method of dealing with missing data in data sets. The procedure ‘fills in’ (imputes) missing data in a data set through an iterative series of predictive models. In each iteration, each specified variable in the data set is imputed using the other variables in the data set.
Example below:
soybean_imm_data = Soybean %>% mice(method='pmm')##
## iter imp variable
## 1 1 date plant.stand* precip* temp hail* crop.hist area.dam sever* seed.tmt* germ* plant.growth leaf.halo leaf.marg leaf.size* leaf.shread* leaf.malf* leaf.mild* stem* lodging* stem.cankers* canker.lesion* fruiting.bodies* ext.decay* mycelium* int.discolor* sclerotia* fruit.pods* fruit.spots* seed* mold.growth* seed.discolor* seed.size* shriveling* roots*
## 1 2 date plant.stand precip* temp hail* crop.hist area.dam sever* seed.tmt* germ* plant.growth leaf.halo leaf.marg leaf.size* leaf.shread* leaf.malf* leaf.mild* stem* lodging* stem.cankers* canker.lesion* fruiting.bodies* ext.decay* mycelium* int.discolor* sclerotia* fruit.pods* fruit.spots* seed* mold.growth* seed.discolor* seed.size* shriveling* roots*
## 1 3 date* plant.stand* precip temp* hail* crop.hist* area.dam* sever* seed.tmt* germ* plant.growth* leaf.halo* leaf.marg* leaf.size* leaf.shread* leaf.malf* leaf.mild* stem* lodging* stem.cankers* canker.lesion* fruiting.bodies* ext.decay* mycelium* int.discolor* sclerotia* fruit.pods* fruit.spots* seed* mold.growth* seed.discolor* seed.size* shriveling* roots*
## 1 4 date plant.stand* precip* temp* hail* crop.hist* area.dam sever* seed.tmt* germ* plant.growth* leaf.halo leaf.marg leaf.size* leaf.shread* leaf.malf* leaf.mild* stem* lodging* stem.cankers* canker.lesion* fruiting.bodies* ext.decay* mycelium* int.discolor* sclerotia* fruit.pods* fruit.spots* seed* mold.growth* seed.discolor* seed.size* shriveling* roots*
## 1 5 date plant.stand* precip* temp* hail* crop.hist area.dam sever* seed.tmt* germ* plant.growth leaf.halo leaf.marg leaf.size leaf.shread* leaf.malf leaf.mild* stem* lodging* stem.cankers* canker.lesion* fruiting.bodies* ext.decay* mycelium* int.discolor* sclerotia* fruit.pods* fruit.spots* seed* mold.growth* seed.discolor* seed.size* shriveling* roots*
## 2 1 date* plant.stand* precip* temp* hail* crop.hist* area.dam* sever* seed.tmt* germ* plant.growth* leaf.halo* leaf.marg* leaf.size* leaf.shread* leaf.malf* leaf.mild* stem* lodging* stem.cankers* canker.lesion* fruiting.bodies* ext.decay* mycelium* int.discolor* sclerotia* fruit.pods* fruit.spots* seed* mold.growth* seed.discolor* seed.size* shriveling* roots*
## 2 2 date* plant.stand* precip* temp* hail* crop.hist* area.dam* sever* seed.tmt* germ* plant.growth* leaf.halo* leaf.marg* leaf.size* leaf.shread* leaf.malf* leaf.mild* stem* lodging* stem.cankers* canker.lesion* fruiting.bodies* ext.decay* mycelium* int.discolor* sclerotia* fruit.pods* fruit.spots* seed* mold.growth* seed.discolor* seed.size* shriveling* roots*
## 2 3 date* plant.stand* precip* temp* hail* crop.hist* area.dam* sever* seed.tmt* germ* plant.growth* leaf.halo* leaf.marg* leaf.size* leaf.shread* leaf.malf* leaf.mild* stem* lodging* stem.cankers* canker.lesion* fruiting.bodies* ext.decay* mycelium* int.discolor* sclerotia* fruit.pods* fruit.spots* seed* mold.growth* seed.discolor* seed.size* shriveling* roots*
## 2 4 date* plant.stand* precip* temp* hail* crop.hist* area.dam* sever* seed.tmt* germ* plant.growth* leaf.halo* leaf.marg* leaf.size* leaf.shread* leaf.malf* leaf.mild* stem* lodging* stem.cankers* canker.lesion* fruiting.bodies* ext.decay* mycelium* int.discolor* sclerotia* fruit.pods* fruit.spots* seed* mold.growth* seed.discolor* seed.size* shriveling* roots*
## 2 5 date* plant.stand* precip* temp* hail* crop.hist* area.dam* sever* seed.tmt* germ* plant.growth* leaf.halo* leaf.marg* leaf.size* leaf.shread* leaf.malf* leaf.mild* stem* lodging* stem.cankers* canker.lesion* fruiting.bodies* ext.decay* mycelium* int.discolor* sclerotia fruit.pods* fruit.spots* seed* mold.growth* seed.discolor* seed.size* shriveling* roots*
## 3 1 date* plant.stand* precip* temp* hail* crop.hist* area.dam* sever* seed.tmt* germ* plant.growth* leaf.halo* leaf.marg* leaf.size* leaf.shread* leaf.malf* leaf.mild* stem* lodging* stem.cankers* canker.lesion* fruiting.bodies* ext.decay* mycelium* int.discolor* sclerotia fruit.pods* fruit.spots* seed* mold.growth* seed.discolor* seed.size* shriveling* roots*
## 3 2 date* plant.stand* precip* temp* hail* crop.hist* area.dam* sever* seed.tmt* germ* plant.growth* leaf.halo* leaf.marg* leaf.size* leaf.shread* leaf.malf* leaf.mild* stem* lodging* stem.cankers* canker.lesion* fruiting.bodies* ext.decay* mycelium* int.discolor* sclerotia* fruit.pods* fruit.spots* seed* mold.growth* seed.discolor* seed.size* shriveling* roots*
## 3 3 date* plant.stand* precip* temp* hail* crop.hist* area.dam* sever* seed.tmt* germ* plant.growth* leaf.halo leaf.marg leaf.size* leaf.shread* leaf.malf* leaf.mild* stem* lodging* stem.cankers* canker.lesion* fruiting.bodies* ext.decay* mycelium* int.discolor* sclerotia* fruit.pods* fruit.spots* seed* mold.growth* seed.discolor* seed.size* shriveling* roots*
## 3 4 date* plant.stand* precip* temp* hail* crop.hist* area.dam* sever* seed.tmt* germ* plant.growth* leaf.halo* leaf.marg* leaf.size* leaf.shread* leaf.malf* leaf.mild* stem* lodging* stem.cankers* canker.lesion* fruiting.bodies* ext.decay* mycelium* int.discolor* sclerotia* fruit.pods* fruit.spots* seed* mold.growth* seed.discolor* seed.size* shriveling* roots*
## 3 5 date* plant.stand* precip* temp* hail* crop.hist* area.dam* sever* seed.tmt* germ* plant.growth* leaf.halo* leaf.marg* leaf.size* leaf.shread* leaf.malf* leaf.mild* stem* lodging* stem.cankers* canker.lesion* fruiting.bodies* ext.decay* mycelium* int.discolor* sclerotia* fruit.pods* fruit.spots* seed* mold.growth* seed.discolor* seed.size* shriveling* roots*
## 4 1 date* plant.stand* precip* temp* hail* crop.hist* area.dam* sever* seed.tmt* germ* plant.growth* leaf.halo* leaf.marg* leaf.size* leaf.shread* leaf.malf* leaf.mild* stem* lodging* stem.cankers* canker.lesion* fruiting.bodies* ext.decay* mycelium* int.discolor* sclerotia* fruit.pods* fruit.spots* seed* mold.growth* seed.discolor* seed.size* shriveling* roots*
## 4 2 date* plant.stand* precip* temp* hail* crop.hist* area.dam* sever* seed.tmt* germ* plant.growth* leaf.halo* leaf.marg* leaf.size* leaf.shread* leaf.malf* leaf.mild* stem* lodging* stem.cankers* canker.lesion* fruiting.bodies* ext.decay* mycelium* int.discolor sclerotia* fruit.pods* fruit.spots* seed* mold.growth* seed.discolor* seed.size* shriveling* roots*
## 4 3 date* plant.stand* precip* temp* hail* crop.hist* area.dam* sever* seed.tmt* germ* plant.growth* leaf.halo* leaf.marg* leaf.size* leaf.shread* leaf.malf* leaf.mild* stem* lodging* stem.cankers* canker.lesion* fruiting.bodies* ext.decay* mycelium* int.discolor sclerotia fruit.pods* fruit.spots* seed* mold.growth* seed.discolor* seed.size* shriveling* roots*
## 4 4 date* plant.stand* precip* temp* hail* crop.hist* area.dam sever* seed.tmt* germ* plant.growth* leaf.halo* leaf.marg* leaf.size* leaf.shread* leaf.malf* leaf.mild* stem* lodging* stem.cankers* canker.lesion* fruiting.bodies* ext.decay* mycelium* int.discolor* sclerotia* fruit.pods* fruit.spots* seed* mold.growth* seed.discolor* seed.size* shriveling* roots*
## 4 5 date* plant.stand* precip* temp* hail* crop.hist* area.dam* sever* seed.tmt* germ* plant.growth* leaf.halo* leaf.marg* leaf.size* leaf.shread* leaf.malf* leaf.mild* stem* lodging* stem.cankers* canker.lesion* fruiting.bodies* ext.decay* mycelium* int.discolor* sclerotia* fruit.pods* fruit.spots* seed* mold.growth* seed.discolor* seed.size* shriveling* roots*
## 5 1 date* plant.stand* precip* temp* hail* crop.hist* area.dam* sever* seed.tmt* germ* plant.growth* leaf.halo* leaf.marg* leaf.size* leaf.shread* leaf.malf* leaf.mild* stem* lodging* stem.cankers* canker.lesion* fruiting.bodies* ext.decay* mycelium* int.discolor* sclerotia* fruit.pods* fruit.spots* seed* mold.growth* seed.discolor* seed.size* shriveling* roots*
## 5 2 date* plant.stand* precip* temp* hail* crop.hist* area.dam* sever* seed.tmt* germ* plant.growth* leaf.halo* leaf.marg* leaf.size* leaf.shread* leaf.malf* leaf.mild* stem* lodging* stem.cankers* canker.lesion* fruiting.bodies* ext.decay* mycelium* int.discolor* sclerotia fruit.pods* fruit.spots* seed* mold.growth* seed.discolor* seed.size* shriveling* roots*
## 5 3 date* plant.stand* precip* temp* hail* crop.hist* area.dam* sever* seed.tmt* germ* plant.growth* leaf.halo* leaf.marg* leaf.size* leaf.shread* leaf.malf* leaf.mild* stem* lodging* stem.cankers* canker.lesion* fruiting.bodies* ext.decay* mycelium* int.discolor* sclerotia* fruit.pods* fruit.spots* seed* mold.growth* seed.discolor* seed.size* shriveling* roots*
## 5 4 date* plant.stand* precip* temp* hail* crop.hist* area.dam sever* seed.tmt* germ* plant.growth* leaf.halo leaf.marg* leaf.size* leaf.shread* leaf.malf* leaf.mild* stem* lodging* stem.cankers* canker.lesion* fruiting.bodies* ext.decay* mycelium* int.discolor* sclerotia* fruit.pods* fruit.spots* seed* mold.growth* seed.discolor* seed.size* shriveling* roots*
## 5 5 date* plant.stand* precip* temp* hail* crop.hist* area.dam* sever* seed.tmt* germ* plant.growth* leaf.halo* leaf.marg* leaf.size* leaf.shread* leaf.malf* leaf.mild* stem* lodging* stem.cankers* canker.lesion* fruiting.bodies* ext.decay* mycelium* int.discolor* sclerotia* fruit.pods* fruit.spots* seed* mold.growth* seed.discolor* seed.size* shriveling* roots*## Warning: Number of logged events: 1655plot_missing(Soybean)
plot_missing(complete(soybean_imm_data))