C12

library(Matrix)
library(pracma)
## 
## Attaching package: 'pracma'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:Matrix':
## 
##     expm, lu, tril, triu
a <- matrix(c(1,2,1,0,1,0,1,0,2,1,1,0,3,1,0,1),nrow = 4, byrow=T)
a
##      [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
## [1,]    1    2    1    0
## [2,]    1    0    1    0
## [3,]    2    1    1    0
## [4,]    3    1    0    1
A<-charpoly(a)
A
## [1]  1 -3 -2  2  2

\[P(\lambda)=\lambda^4 -3\lambda^3-2\lambda^2+2\lambda+2\]