We (HANDLS) don't know anything about circadian rhythm measures. Let's start by examining descriptive statistics and interrelationships among the measures and with age.
zVsel(w03Circadian, Age0, Sex, Race, PovStat)
4 Variables 80 Observations
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Age0
n missing unique Info Mean .05 .10 .25 .50 .75 .90 .95
80 0 30 1 46.05 33.00 35.00 39.00 46.00 52.00 59.10 62.05
lowest : 32 33 34 35 36, highest: 59 60 61 62 63
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Sex
n missing unique
80 0 2
Women (49, 61%), Men (31, 39%)
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Race
n missing unique
80 0 2
White (31, 39%), AfrAm (49, 61%)
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PovStat : Poverty status
n missing unique
80 0 2
Above (41, 51%), Below (39, 49%)
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N Mean SD Min Max
CRmeanNonzeroCS 80 0.18 0.07 0.05 0.35 Mean illuminance exposure (circadian system activation)
CRmeanLogLux 80 10.33 9.12 0.37 62.89 Mean log illuminance exposure (circadian system activation)
CSphasorMag 80 0.29 0.10 0.03 0.51 Phasor magnitude (circadian entrainment)
CSphasorAngleHrs 80 1.72 1.50 -2.11 5.40 Phasor angle (night-owl: positive; lark: negative)
CSinterdayStab 80 0.58 0.15 0.11 0.88 Interday stability (day-by-day regularity of the activity-rest pattern)
CSintradayVar 80 0.55 0.16 0.26 1.29 Intradaily variability (fragmentation of rhythm frequency)
CRmeanNonzeroCS CRmeanLogLux CSphasorMag CSphasorAngleHrs CSinterdayStab CSintradayVar Age0
CRmeanNonzeroCS 1.00 0.41*** 0.49*** -0.11 0.14 -0.20 -0.16
CRmeanLogLux 0.41*** 1.00 0.34** -0.07 0.16 -0.21 -0.13
CSphasorMag 0.49*** 0.34** 1.00 -0.05 0.76*** -0.62*** 0.01
CSphasorAngleHrs -0.11 -0.07 -0.05 1.00 -0.03 0.19 -0.18
CSinterdayStab 0.14 0.16 0.76*** -0.03 1.00 -0.51*** 0.15
CSintradayVar -0.20 -0.21 -0.62*** 0.19 -0.51*** 1.00 0.10
Age0 -0.16 -0.13 0.01 -0.18 0.15 0.10 1.00
n = 80
The circadian rhythm measures are moderately intercorrelated, most notably phasor magnitude is correlated with interday stability (r = 0.76) and intradaily variability (r = -0.62).
Relationships assessed by regression. Rsq (R2) represents proportion of variance in outcome (circadian measures) by covariates (sex, race, etc). Other table entries are regression coefficients interpreted as amount of outcome associated with one unit change in the covariate (e.g., difference in CRmeanNonzeroCS associated with sex). Covariate label indicates direction of comparison (e.g., SexMen for the differences in outcome, men – women).
CRmeanNonzeroCS CRmeanLogLux CSphasorMag CSphasorAngleHrs CSinterdayStab CSintradayVar
Rsq 0.014 0.000 0.087 ** 0.015 0.144 *** 0.039
SexMen 0.016 0.360 -0.058 ** 0.378 -0.115 *** 0.066
CRmeanNonzeroCS CRmeanLogLux CSphasorMag CSphasorAngleHrs CSinterdayStab CSintradayVar
Rsq 0.023 0.003 0.057 * 0.015 0.067 * 0.023
RaceAfrAm -0.021 0.956 -0.047 * 0.377 -0.079 * 0.050
CRmeanNonzeroCS CRmeanLogLux CSphasorMag CSphasorAngleHrs CSinterdayStab CSintradayVar
Rsq 0.045 0.020 0.000 0.064 * 0.000 0.001
PovStatBelow -0.028 -2.532 0.000 0.754 * 0.002 -0.011
CRmeanNonzeroCS CRmeanLogLux CSphasorMag CSphasorAngleHrs CSinterdayStab CSintradayVar
Rsq 0.010 0.016 0.002 0.032 0.002 0.017
Age0medAbove -0.014 -2.334 -0.009 -0.544 0.013 0.043
There are sex differences on only CSphasorMag. We can leave it aside for now. Age is not correlated significantly with any of the circadian rhythm measures. Nor are there differences in any circadian rhythm measures by median age.
Are the circadian rhythm measures associated with race, poverty status, and their interaction?
CRmeanNonzeroCS CRmeanLogLux CSphasorMag CSphasorAngleHrs CSinterdayStab CSintradayVar
Rsq 0.114 * 0.038 0.115 * 0.083 0.095 0.025
RaceAfrAm 0.006 3.199 -0.000 0.322 -0.029 0.038
PovStatBelow 0.005 0.404 0.056 0.661 0.061 -0.024
RaceAfrAm:PovStatBelow -0.056 -4.738 -0.095 * 0.182 -0.101 0.024
There are no significant main effects for race or poverty status, but there is a significant race × poverty status interaction on CSphasorMag.
Call:
lm(formula = CSphasorMag ~ (Sex + Race + PovStat)^3, data = w03Circadian)
Residuals:
Phasor magnitude (circadian entrainment)
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-0.201500000 -0.062017857 0.005401786 0.060750000 0.166875000
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 0.2863333333 0.0296079249 9.67083 1.1918e-14
SexMen 0.0001666667 0.0468142398 0.00356 0.9971692
RaceAfrAm 0.0347916667 0.0370099062 0.94006 0.3503281
PovStatBelow 0.0836666667 0.0408117081 2.05007 0.0440004
SexMen:RaceAfrAm -0.0907916667 0.0589376220 -1.54047 0.1278295
SexMen:PovStatBelow -0.0733333333 0.0655399357 -1.11891 0.2668974
RaceAfrAm:PovStatBelow -0.1387202381 0.0521751551 -2.65874 0.0096588
SexMen:RaceAfrAm:PovStatBelow 0.1173313492 0.0837718926 1.40061 0.1656272
Residual standard error: 0.08882377 on 72 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared: 0.227421, Adjusted R-squared: 0.1523091
F-statistic: 3.027764 on 7 and 72 DF, p-value: 0.007576951
Step 1:
Call:
lm(formula = CSphasorMag ~ (Sex + Race + PovStat)^2, data = w03Circadian)
Residuals:
Phasor magnitude (circadian entrainment)
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-0.21469094 -0.05937123 0.01184871 0.06102953 0.17511934
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 0.300989937 0.027878843 10.79636 < 2e-16
SexMen -0.036474843 0.039077104 -0.93341 0.353687
RaceAfrAm 0.011890723 0.033420187 0.35579 0.723020
PovStatBelow 0.055819119 0.035875003 1.55593 0.124049
SexMen:RaceAfrAm -0.032714873 0.042158820 -0.77599 0.440261
SexMen:PovStatBelow -0.001515974 0.041087851 -0.03690 0.970669
RaceAfrAm:PovStatBelow -0.093206248 0.041087851 -2.26846 0.026259
Residual standard error: 0.08940694 on 73 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared: 0.2063715, Adjusted R-squared: 0.1411417
F-statistic: 3.163763 on 6 and 73 DF, p-value: 0.008168384
Step 2:
Call:
lm(formula = CSphasorMag ~ Sex + Race * PovStat, data = w03Circadian)
Residuals:
Phasor magnitude (circadian entrainment)
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-0.22203274 -0.05978743 0.00839775 0.05640094 0.17970796
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 0.309303719 0.024271323 12.74359 < 2.22e-16
SexMen -0.057259296 0.020328897 -2.81665 0.0061986
RaceAfrAm -0.001011681 0.028719139 -0.03523 0.9719925
PovStatBelow 0.054731018 0.031835861 1.71916 0.0897098
RaceAfrAm:PovStatBelow -0.092791156 0.040699700 -2.27990 0.0254571
Residual standard error: 0.08856988 on 75 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared: 0.1998244, Adjusted R-squared: 0.1571484
F-statistic: 4.682357 on 4 and 75 DF, p-value: 0.001988525
Is this sex difference meaningful?
Sex CSphasorMag.n CSphasorMag.mean CSphasorMag.sd CSphasorMag.min CSphasorMag.max
1 Women 49 0.3089795918 0.08361381709 0.173 0.508
2 Men 31 0.2509677419 0.10579712783 0.029 0.420
Graphically, the race × poverty status difference is apparent in only women, though for men there's an apparent main effect for race. We should probably take care in over-interpreting these differences because the sample sizes are rather small in each demographic group.
Sex Race PovStat CSphasorMag.n CSphasorMag.mean CSphasorMag.sd CSphasorMag.min CSphasorMag.max
1 Women White Above 9 0.2863333333 0.07494331191 0.173 0.373
2 Women White Below 10 0.3700000000 0.08571529100 0.206 0.508
3 Women AfrAm Above 16 0.3211250000 0.08687145676 0.194 0.488
4 Women AfrAm Below 14 0.2660714286 0.05639075795 0.191 0.366
5 Men White Above 6 0.2865000000 0.07717188607 0.204 0.385
6 Men White Below 6 0.2968333333 0.11270388931 0.127 0.420
7 Men AfrAm Above 10 0.2305000000 0.13884063606 0.029 0.374
8 Men AfrAm Below 9 0.2194444444 0.06678531109 0.098 0.330
Here are associations of circadian rhythm measures with select health measures adjusted for age, sex, race, & poverty status.
N Mean SD Min Max
BMI 77 31.93 7.66 15.40 51.0
BPsitRdia 76 70.24 10.80 50.00 96.0
BPsitRsys 76 121.41 16.24 90.00 164.0
Chol 74 188.58 40.85 82.00 301.0 Total cholesterol
LDLcalc 73 112.70 36.27 30.00 196.0 LDL cholesterol
HDL 74 51.73 15.20 26.00 99.0 HDL cholesterol
Glucose 74 105.24 33.58 75.00 281.0 Fasting glucose
CRPLS 74 0.42 0.56 0.09 3.1 C-reaactive protein (low-sensitivity assay)
CRmeanNonzeroCS -- Mean illuminance exposure (circadian system activation)
BMI BPsitRdia BPsitRsys Chol LDLcalc HDL Glucose CRPLS
Rsq 0.131 0.260 * 0.198 0.069 0.072 0.298 ** 0.276 ** 0.335 **
CRmeanNonzeroCS -20.741 -80.533 -48.278 725.652 504.520 351.814 * -197.516 -6.990
Age0 -0.034 -0.361 0.153 2.284 1.457 1.020 -0.657 -0.022
SexMen -1.838 -9.893 -16.747 16.900 21.959 3.665 -25.231 -0.341
RaceAfrAm -7.098 10.394 14.288 22.136 0.772 20.435 -32.895 0.614
PovStatBelow 8.054 18.470 * 23.768 * -22.292 -32.774 1.833 32.121 -0.055
CRmeanNonzeroCS:Age0 1.005 2.214 1.876 -12.803 -9.952 -6.430 5.286 0.218
CRmeanNonzeroCS:SexMen -4.110 62.847 82.573 -141.904 -126.558 -70.193 182.099 0.695
CRmeanNonzeroCS:RaceAfrAm 37.237 -17.185 -48.072 -129.458 -53.648 -58.195 220.727 -3.340
CRmeanNonzeroCS:PovStatBelow -51.687 -81.029 * -130.617 * 71.738 126.737 -4.864 -203.870 1.768
CRmeanLogLux -- Mean log illuminance exposure (circadian system activation)
BMI BPsitRdia BPsitRsys Chol LDLcalc HDL Glucose CRPLS
Rsq 0.181 0.193 0.125 0.068 0.101 0.292 ** 0.134 0.180
CRmeanLogLux 2.254 * 0.083 1.070 4.691 5.146 0.653 4.290 0.021
Age0 0.376 -0.098 0.440 0.614 0.518 0.107 0.211 0.014
SexMen -4.064 0.834 -2.130 -7.528 4.779 -13.379 * 13.801 -0.096
RaceAfrAm 2.830 11.558 * 16.295 * 21.805 6.267 14.980 * 15.023 0.013
PovStatBelow 2.951 6.431 4.512 -16.401 -28.616 -0.651 -4.516 0.028
CRmeanLogLux:Age0 -0.037 0.009 -0.002 -0.068 -0.088 -0.019 -0.056 -0.000
CRmeanLogLux:SexMen 0.174 0.198 0.208 -0.255 -0.731 0.343 -0.042 -0.007
CRmeanLogLux:RaceAfrAm -0.493 -0.424 -1.035 -2.392 -1.596 -0.367 -1.313 -0.013
CRmeanLogLux:PovStatBelow -0.547 * -0.292 -0.462 0.639 1.940 0.204 -0.946 0.025
CSphasorMag -- Phasor magnitude (circadian entrainment)
BMI BPsitRdia BPsitRsys Chol LDLcalc HDL Glucose CRPLS
Rsq 0.099 0.265 * 0.194 0.088 0.101 0.309 ** 0.208 0.174
CSphasorMag -29.105 -38.710 -7.239 559.009 573.533 * 211.093 * 200.717 -4.510
Age0 -0.080 -0.252 0.309 3.125 2.927 1.004 0.322 -0.009
SexMen 4.946 -16.052 * -19.561 9.469 10.532 -14.174 13.773 -0.167
RaceAfrAm -10.480 15.794 25.834 13.863 1.700 28.172 * 1.172 -0.205
PovStatBelow -7.540 17.546 * 26.522 * -7.400 -17.039 18.166 1.639 -0.212
CSphasorMag:Age0 0.436 0.955 0.623 -11.017 -11.455 * -3.727 -2.049 0.082
CSphasorMag:SexMen -19.167 64.739 * 57.525 -79.099 -49.896 7.180 23.859 0.098
CSphasorMag:RaceAfrAm 37.611 -31.392 -76.944 -52.073 -30.692 -63.251 24.227 0.446
CSphasorMag:PovStatBelow 20.549 -50.451 -95.610 * -6.245 25.322 -59.415 -54.032 1.689
CSphasorAngleHrs -- Phasor angle (night-owl: positive; lark: negative)
BMI BPsitRdia BPsitRsys Chol LDLcalc HDL Glucose CRPLS
Rsq 0.077 0.259 * 0.178 0.078 0.073 0.304 ** 0.243 * 0.265 *
CSphasorAngleHrs 0.509 -13.050 * -15.886 -2.565 2.583 -3.193 -9.157 -0.065
Age0 0.050 -0.344 0.081 0.142 -0.077 -0.081 -0.424 0.012
SexMen -0.727 1.132 -5.262 -30.066 -17.515 -11.534 * -9.792 -0.231
RaceAfrAm 0.190 -1.151 -3.379 8.292 3.002 9.434 -2.197 -0.206
PovStatBelow -2.803 2.302 3.110 -11.238 -8.813 -6.429 -6.280 0.714 ***
CSphasorAngleHrs:Age0 0.022 0.207 0.249 -0.069 -0.119 -0.015 0.165 0.001
CSphasorAngleHrs:SexMen -0.849 0.868 3.154 12.461 9.232 1.002 13.352 * 0.053
CSphasorAngleHrs:RaceAfrAm -0.485 5.277 ** 6.309 * -4.941 -6.921 1.424 4.305 0.060
CSphasorAngleHrs:PovStatBelow -0.095 0.129 -2.182 2.241 0.430 5.307 * -6.602 -0.249 **
CSinterdayStab -- Interday stability (day-by-day regularity of the activity-rest pattern)
BMI BPsitRdia BPsitRsys Chol LDLcalc HDL Glucose CRPLS
Rsq 0.112 0.238 * 0.129 0.060 0.101 0.249 * 0.170 0.174
CSinterdayStab 16.586 -59.073 -88.510 236.750 326.477 -9.795 64.683 -0.102
Age0 0.208 -0.384 -0.175 2.816 3.107 0.114 0.046 0.017
SexMen 10.499 -19.977 -13.928 13.185 18.310 -19.207 27.339 -0.103
RaceAfrAm -11.697 2.735 3.560 6.202 12.887 12.736 -24.526 -0.260
PovStatBelow -10.300 12.932 5.077 -4.851 25.837 6.784 -28.121 -0.626
CSinterdayStab:Age0 -0.353 0.717 1.231 -4.680 -5.758 -0.139 -0.875 -0.007
CSinterdayStab:SexMen -18.392 38.561 * 20.122 -46.188 -47.024 13.048 -6.081 0.009
CSinterdayStab:RaceAfrAm 20.434 7.910 3.210 -14.720 -43.281 -3.602 58.385 0.342
CSinterdayStab:PovStatBelow 14.083 -14.782 -6.992 -7.662 -64.295 -7.603 25.719 1.541
CSintradayVar -- Intradaily variability (fragmentation of rhythm frequency)
BMI BPsitRdia BPsitRsys Chol LDLcalc HDL Glucose CRPLS
Rsq 0.067 0.221 * 0.211 0.125 0.136 0.262 * 0.157 0.166
CSintradayVar 23.931 2.562 -20.588 -318.798 -391.233 * -58.672 54.616 0.694
Age0 0.239 0.085 0.696 -2.672 -3.851 -0.501 1.550 0.026
SexMen -4.813 11.754 -16.337 -38.328 -18.103 -18.855 -9.269 -0.390
RaceAfrAm 3.412 -0.744 -16.484 -29.731 -41.361 11.564 9.564 -0.165
PovStatBelow 0.038 -13.669 -31.086 * -87.879 * -63.136 -12.083 -55.860 0.698
CSintradayVar:Age0 -0.343 -0.239 -0.582 4.555 6.245 0.800 -3.137 -0.020
CSintradayVar:SexMen 5.243 -16.023 29.049 50.926 27.413 17.197 50.189 0.406
CSintradayVar:RaceAfrAm -7.377 14.405 40.404 49.073 58.142 -0.788 -6.568 0.121
CSintradayVar:PovStatBelow -4.043 31.006 58.573 * 144.530 * 95.050 25.955 78.979 -0.773
We also collected data on sleep with the Ludwig Sleep Questionnaire.
Here are descriptive statistics:
LMworkRegSch: Regular work schedule
LMworkDays: # days/week worked
LMworkAsleep: Work day: minutes to sleep
LMworkAlarm: Work day: use alarm clock
LMworkGetup: Work day: minutes until get up
LMfreeAsleep: Free day: minutes to sleep
LMfreeAlarm: Free day: use alarm clock
LMfreeGetup: Free day: minutes until get up
Sleepdurwork: Work day: Time trying to sleep
Sleepdurfree: Free day: Time trying to sleep
LMworkDaylight: Work day: minutes spent outdoors in daylight
LMfreeDaylight: Free day: minutes spent outdoors in daylight
LMworkRegSch LMworkDays LMworkAsleep LMworkAlarm LMworkGetup LMfreeAsleep LMfreeAlarm LMfreeGetup Sleepdurwork Sleepdurfree LMworkDaylight
No :43 Min. :3.000000 Min. : 0.00 No :14 Min. : 0.00000 Min. : 3.00000 No :66 Min. : 2.00 Min. : 2.500000 Min. : 2.833333 Min. : 10.0000
Yes:37 1st Qu.:4.000000 1st Qu.:10.00 Yes :24 1st Qu.: 5.00000 1st Qu.:10.00000 Yes:14 1st Qu.: 5.00 1st Qu.: 6.000000 1st Qu.: 5.750000 1st Qu.: 82.5000
Median :5.000000 Median :20.00 NA's:42 Median :10.00000 Median :20.00000 Median :10.00 Median : 7.000000 Median : 7.000000 Median :180.0000
Mean :4.675676 Mean :24.75 Mean :12.91429 Mean :27.02564 Mean :23.08 Mean : 6.912393 Mean : 8.339827 Mean :226.9444
3rd Qu.:5.000000 3rd Qu.:30.00 3rd Qu.:20.00000 3rd Qu.:30.00000 3rd Qu.:30.00 3rd Qu.: 7.750000 3rd Qu.: 9.000000 3rd Qu.:315.0000
Max. :7.000000 Max. :60.00 Max. :30.00000 Max. :90.00000 Max. :99.00 Max. :15.750000 Max. :24.000000 Max. :780.0000
NA's :43 NA's :40 NA's :45 NA's :2 NA's :5 NA's :41 NA's :3 NA's :44
LMfreeDaylight
Min. : 10.0000
1st Qu.:120.0000
Median :240.0000
Mean :229.7973
3rd Qu.:300.0000
Max. :600.0000
NA's :6
LMworkBed LMworkReady LMworkAwake LMfreeBed LMfreeReady LMfreeAwake
Min. :00:00:00 Min. :00:00:00 Min. :00:00:12 Min. :00:00:00 Min. :00:00:00 Min. :00:00:00
1st Qu.:01:30:00 1st Qu.:01:05:00 1st Qu.:05:00:00 1st Qu.:01:00:00 1st Qu.:00:37:30 1st Qu.:05:00:00
Median :20:30:00 Median :17:37:30 Median :06:00:00 Median :21:00:00 Median :11:52:30 Median :06:30:00
Mean :14:13:11 Mean :12:34:23 Mean :06:42:45 Mean :14:31:53 Mean :11:44:02 Mean :06:29:56
3rd Qu.:22:30:00 3rd Qu.:22:15:00 3rd Qu.:07:18:45 3rd Qu.:22:30:00 3rd Qu.:22:30:00 3rd Qu.:08:00:00
Max. :23:30:00 Max. :23:45:00 Max. :20:30:00 Max. :23:30:00 Max. :23:35:00 Max. :12:00:00
NA's :39 NA's :40 NA's :40 NA's :2 NA's :1
We administered the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI) as part of the overall HANDLS protocol.
PSQI generates an overall sleep quality score (PSQglobal) and a cut-off indicating sleep quality problems (PSQproblem).
PSQglobal PSQproblem
Min. : 0.000000 No :21
1st Qu.: 4.000000 Yes :27
Median : 6.000000 NA's:32
Mean : 7.041667
3rd Qu.:10.000000
Max. :16.000000
NA's :32
Regrettably, we have missing data on the PSQI. Of the 80 participants for whom we have phaser data, we have only 48 who completed the PSQI.
Nevertheless, it may be useful to examine the relationship of sleep quality with phasor magnitude for which we expect at least a moderate correlation. Per below, it appears as though sleep quality assessed by the PSQI and phasor magnitude are unrelated in HANDLS.
PSQglobal CSphasorMag
PSQglobal 1.00 -0.07
CSphasorMag -0.07 1.00
n
PSQglobal CSphasorMag
PSQglobal 48 48
CSphasorMag 48 80
By visual inspection, there isn't much difference in phasor magnitude by sleep quality problems.
In addition, neither PSQI overall sleep quality (PSQglobal) nor sleep quality problems (PSQproblem) are related to phasor magnitude after adjusting for sex, race, and poverty status.
Call:
glm(formula = CSphasorMag ~ Sex + Race * PovStat + PSQglobal,
data = w03Circadian)
Deviance Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-0.20741138 -0.04102181 0.01036750 0.06083752 0.14826409
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 0.3446272686 0.0386673779 8.91261 0.000000000031036
SexMen -0.0623245271 0.0247884544 -2.51426 0.015847
RaceAfrAm -0.0398965877 0.0326940477 -1.22030 0.229158
PovStatBelow 0.0249715567 0.0372860713 0.66973 0.506696
PSQglobal -0.0008563959 0.0034095406 -0.25118 0.802903
RaceAfrAm:PovStatBelow -0.0366631144 0.0500785076 -0.73211 0.468166
(Dispersion parameter for gaussian family taken to be 0.006538276337)
Null deviance: 0.34986831 on 47 degrees of freedom
Residual deviance: 0.27460761 on 42 degrees of freedom
(32 observations deleted due to missingness)
AIC: -97.63533
Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 2
Call:
glm(formula = CSphasorMag ~ Sex + Race * PovStat + PSQproblem,
data = w03Circadian)
Deviance Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-0.203137411 -0.044140898 0.009680942 0.060637207 0.152982971
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 0.34415542 0.03188729 10.79287 1.0953e-13
SexMen -0.06187962 0.02449303 -2.52642 0.01538
RaceAfrAm -0.03997323 0.03194843 -1.25118 0.21779
PovStatBelow 0.02432728 0.03727306 0.65268 0.51752
PSQproblemYes -0.01016516 0.02449303 -0.41502 0.68024
RaceAfrAm:PovStatBelow -0.03521726 0.05003347 -0.70387 0.48540
(Dispersion parameter for gaussian family taken to be 0.00652135337)
Null deviance: 0.34986831 on 47 degrees of freedom
Residual deviance: 0.27389684 on 42 degrees of freedom
(32 observations deleted due to missingness)
AIC: -97.759729
Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 2