Histograms

Histogram - a visual summary of the distribution for a quantitative variable

Changing the Bins or Bin Width

  • Change the Bins or Width of Bins
  • Increase the number of bins (each bin gets narrower)
  • Increase the bin width (reduces the number of bins)
  • Range = Max Value - Min Value
  • \(Binwidth = \frac{Range}{\#of Groups}\)
  • \(\approx Groups = \frac{Range}{Width}\)

Histogram

Range = 833.2 Width = 416.6

Histogram

Range = 833.2 Width = 8.332

Histograms and Symmetry

The histogram provides a picture of the symmetry of the distribution - A symmetric histogram will have approximately the same density on both sides if you cut the distribution in half. - An asymmetric histogram will have uneven density of both sides if you cut the distribution in half.

Right Skew

A right skew distribution is characterized as a distribution where there are few extreme values in the right tail of the distribution .

  • Market Cap Example
  • Income in the U.S.

Left Skew

A left skew distribution is characterized as a distribution where there are few extreme values in the left tail of the distribution .

  • Age of death from natural causes