knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = F, include=TRUE, warning=F, message=F)
Table 1. Patient Characteristics
Variable Overall, N = 4 Passive, N = 3 Active, N = 1 p-value1
Gender, No. (%) 0.2
Female 1 (25%) 0 (0%) 1 (100%)
Male 3 (75%) 3 (100%) 0 (0%)
BMI, Mean (SD) 26.41 (2.97) 24.83 (1.59) 29.58 (NA) 0.7
Unknown 1 1 0
Chronic opioid use, No. (%) 1 (25%) 1 (33%) 0 (0%) >0.9
FEV1: Percentage of predicted, Mean (SD) 87.00 (20.07) 75.50 (3.54) 110.00 (NA) 0.7
Unknown 1 1 0
Hypertension diagnosis, No. (%) 3 (75%) 2 (67%) 1 (100%) >0.9
Smoking status, No. (%) >0.9
Never 2 (50%) 1 (33%) 1 (100%)
Not for the past eight weeks 2 (50%) 2 (67%) 0 (0%)
Current smoker 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Histology, No. (%) >0.9
Squamous 2 (50%) 2 (67%) 0 (0%)
Adenocarcinoma 2 (50%) 1 (33%) 1 (100%)
Clinical stadium, No. (%) 0.5
cT1N0M0 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
cT2N0M0 2 (50%) 2 (67%) 0 (0%)
cT3N0M0 1 (25%) 0 (0%) 1 (100%)
cT4N0M0 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
cT1N1M0 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
cT2N1M0 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
cT3N1M0 1 (25%) 1 (33%) 0 (0%)
cT4N1M0 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
cT1N2M0 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
cT2N2M0 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
cT3N2M0 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
cT4N2M0 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
cT1N3M0 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
cT2N3M0 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
cT3N3M0 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
cT4N3M0 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
cT1N1M1 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
cT2N1M1 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
cT3N1M1 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
cT4N1M1 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
cT1N2M1 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
cT2N2M1 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
cT3N2M1 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
cT4N2M1 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
cT1N3M1 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
cT2N3M1 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
cT3N3M1 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
cT4N3M1 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy , No. (%) 3 (75%) 2 (67%) 1 (100%) >0.9
Neoadjuvant radiotherapy, No. (%) 3 (75%) 2 (67%) 1 (100%) >0.9
Target MAP, Mean (SD) 72.75 (9.67) 71.67 (11.55) 76.00 (NA) >0.9
Surgery time (minutes), Mean (SD) 292.85 (54.80) 301.46 (63.71) 267.00 (NA) >0.9
Type of surgery, No. (%) >0.9
Oesophagectomy with gastric pull-up 4 (100%) 3 (100%) 1 (100%)
Oesophagectomy with colonanastomosis in the neck area 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Oesophagectomy with total gastrectomy 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Group allocation TOP-RCT, No. (%) >0.9
Passive / none 2 (50%) 2 (67%) 0 (0%)
Active 2 (50%) 1 (33%) 1 (100%)

1 Fisher's exact test; Wilcoxon rank sum exact test; Wilcoxon rank sum test

Table 2. Complications
Complication Overall, N = 4 Passive, N = 3 Active, N = 1 p-value1 Difference1
Reoperation (no), Mean (SD) 0.33 (0.58) 0.50 (0.71) 0.00 (NA)
Unknown 1 1 0
Peroperative blood loss (ml), Mean (SD) 200.00 (0.00) 200.00 (NA) 200.00 (NA)
Unknown 2 2 0
Anaestomotic leak, No. (%)
None 3 (100%) 2 (100%) 1 (100%)
Mild 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Moderate 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Severe 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Unknown 1 1 0
Delirium (no of days), Mean (SD) 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (NA)
Unknown 1 1 0
Pneumonia, No. (%)
None 2 (67%) 2 (100%) 0 (0%)
Mild 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Moderate 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Severe 1 (33%) 0 (0%) 1 (100%)
Unknown 1 1 0
Pneumothorax (no) demanding drainage not part of primary surgery, No. (%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.00%
Unknown 1 1 0
All-cause mortality at 90 days, No. (%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0.00%
Unknown 1 1 0
Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) , Mean (SD) 16.85 (23.83) 16.85 (23.83) NA (NA)
Unknown 2 1 1

1 3-sample test for equality of proportions without continuity correction 

## [1] <NA> 0    0    <NA>
## Levels: 0
Clavien-Dindo Classification Grades for surgical complications
Grade Passive
(N=3)		 Active
(N=1)		 Total
(N=4)

,
Clavien-Dindo Classification Grade I (no)
Mean (SD) 0 (0) NA (NA) 0 (0)
Median [Min, Max] 0 [0, 0] NA [NA, NA] 0 [0, 0]
Missing 1 (33.3%) 1 (100%) 2 (50.0%)
Clavien-Dindo Classification Grade II (no)
Mean (SD) 0 (0) NA (NA) 0 (0)
Median [Min, Max] 0 [0, 0] NA [NA, NA] 0 [0, 0]
Missing 1 (33.3%) 1 (100%) 2 (50.0%)
Clavien-Dindo Classification Grade IIIa (no)
Mean (SD) 0 (0) NA (NA) 0 (0)
Median [Min, Max] 0 [0, 0] NA [NA, NA] 0 [0, 0]
Missing 1 (33.3%) 1 (100%) 2 (50.0%)
Clavien-Dindo Classification Grade IIIb (no)
Mean (SD) 0.500 (0.707) NA (NA) 0.500 (0.707)
Median [Min, Max] 0.500 [0, 1.00] NA [NA, NA] 0.500 [0, 1.00]
Missing 1 (33.3%) 1 (100%) 2 (50.0%)
Clavien-Dindo Classification Grade IVa (no)
Mean (SD) 0 (0) NA (NA) 0 (0)
Median [Min, Max] 0 [0, 0] NA [NA, NA] 0 [0, 0]
Missing 1 (33.3%) 1 (100%) 2 (50.0%)
Clavien-Dindo Classification Grade IVb (no)
Mean (SD) 0 (0) NA (NA) 0 (0)
Median [Min, Max] 0 [0, 0] NA [NA, NA] 0 [0, 0]
Missing 1 (33.3%) 1 (100%) 2 (50.0%)
Clavien-Dindo Classification Grade V (no)
Mean (SD) 0 (0) NA (NA) 0 (0)
Median [Min, Max] 0 [0, 0] NA [NA, NA] 0 [0, 0]
Missing 1 (33.3%) 1 (100%) 2 (50.0%)
Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI)
Mean (SD) 16.9 (23.8) NA (NA) 16.9 (23.8)
Median [Min, Max] 16.9 [0, 33.7] NA [NA, NA] 16.9 [0, 33.7]
Missing 1 (33.3%) 1 (100%) 2 (50.0%)
Table. Fit for discharge
Variable Overall, N = 4 Passive, N = 3 Active, N = 1 p-value
Time until Fit for Discharge (mins) (ffd), Mean (SD) 1,237.50 (20.51) 1,237.50 (20.51) NA (NA)
Unknown 2 1 1
Actual time spent in the ICU (mins), Mean (SD) 1,240.00 (15.13) 1,240.00 (15.13) NA (NA)
Unknown 1 0 1