INDEX

Introduction

Palmer Penguins

The palmerpenguins data contains size measurements, clutch observations, and blood isotope ratios for three penguin species observed on three islands in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica over a study period of three years./ These data were collected from 2007 - 2009 by Dr. Kristen Gorman with the Palmer Station Long Term Ecological Research Program, part of the US Long Term Ecological Research Network.

Installing And Loading Packages

install.packages("tidyverse")
## Installing package into '/cloud/lib/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/4.1'
## (as 'lib' is unspecified)
library (tidyverse)
## ── Attaching packages ─────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse 1.3.1 ──
## ✓ ggplot2 3.3.5     ✓ purrr   0.3.4
## ✓ tibble  3.1.6     ✓ dplyr   1.0.7
## ✓ tidyr   1.1.4     ✓ stringr 1.4.0
## ✓ readr   2.1.1     ✓ forcats 0.5.1
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## x dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## x dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()
data <- read.csv ("penguins_size.csv")
print(is.data.frame(data))
## [1] TRUE
print(ncol(data))
## [1] 7
print(nrow(data))
## [1] 344
print(colnames(data))
## [1] "species"           "island"            "culmen_length_mm" 
## [4] "culmen_depth_mm"   "flipper_length_mm" "body_mass_g"      
## [7] "sex"
glimpse(data)
## Rows: 344
## Columns: 7
## $ species           <chr> "Adelie", "Adelie", "Adelie", "Adelie", "Adelie", "A…
## $ island            <chr> "Torgersen", "Torgersen", "Torgersen", "Torgersen", …
## $ culmen_length_mm  <dbl> 39.1, 39.5, 40.3, NA, 36.7, 39.3, 38.9, 39.2, 34.1, …
## $ culmen_depth_mm   <dbl> 18.7, 17.4, 18.0, NA, 19.3, 20.6, 17.8, 19.6, 18.1, …
## $ flipper_length_mm <int> 181, 186, 195, NA, 193, 190, 181, 195, 193, 190, 186…
## $ body_mass_g       <int> 3750, 3800, 3250, NA, 3450, 3650, 3625, 4675, 3475, …
## $ sex               <chr> "MALE", "FEMALE", "FEMALE", NA, "FEMALE", "MALE", "F…

Of the 7 columns, 3 are categorical (species,island,sex) and the rest are numeric

Penguins Data Columns - Definition

  • species a factor denoting penguin species (Adélie, Chinstrap and Gentoo)
  • island a factor denoting island in Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica (Biscoe, Dream or Torgersen)
  • culmen_length_mm a number denoting culmen length (millimeters)
  • culmen_depth_mm a number denoting culmen depth (millimeters)
  • flipper_length_mm an integer denoting flipper length (millimeters)
  • body_mass_g an integer denoting body mass (grams)
  • sex a factor denoting penguin sex (female, male)

Simple Scatter Plot

plot(data)

Bar Plot for Each Species

  ggplot(data, aes(x=species, fill = species)) + 
  geom_bar( ) +
  scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Set1")  +
  labs(title = 'Penguins Species & Count')

Scatter Plot – Penguins Size Relation with respect to Species

In this scatter plot, we’ll try to visualize relationship between flipper_length_mm and body_mass_g with respect to each species.

  library(tidyverse)
ggplot(data, 
                       aes(x = flipper_length_mm,
                           y = body_mass_g)) +
  geom_point(aes(color = species, 
                 shape = species),
             size = 2,
             alpha = 0.8) +
  #theme_minimal() +
  scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Set1")  +
  labs(title = "Penguin size, Palmer Station LTER",
       subtitle = "Flipper length and body mass for Adelie, Chinstrap and Gentoo Penguins",
       x = "Flipper length (mm)",
       y = "Body mass (g)",
       color = "Penguin species",
       shape = "Penguin species") 
## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

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Here, we can see the correlation and simple linear regression, penguin flipper length and body mass show a positive association for each of the 3 species.

Scatter Plot – Penguins culmen length with respect to culmen depth.

Penguin culmen length and depth also show some interesting patterns. If you ignore species, you might think there is a negative correlation:

ggplot(data , aes(x = culmen_length_mm, y = culmen_depth_mm)) +
  geom_point(size = 2) +
  geom_smooth(method = "lm", se = FALSE)
## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).
## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

Summary

As you have seen above,penguins dataset from Palmer Penguins package is a perfect dataset for beginners like me in R programming. Its very useful in learning Data Visualizations. Thank you for your interest to my Palmer Penguins Case Study!

This is my first project using R I would appreciate any comments and recommendations for improvement!