Linear Regression
This project is the continuation of video game project.
The link to this project part 1 is: https://rpubs.com/S_ubin10/809024
The link to project part 2 is: https://rpubs.com/S_ubin10/820757
The link to project part 3 is : https://rpubs.com/S_ubin10/834586
We need some new libraries for this project. So installing some new libraries.
library(rvest)
library(tidyverse)## ── Attaching packages ─────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse 1.3.1 ──## ✓ ggplot2 3.3.5 ✓ purrr 0.3.4
## ✓ tibble 3.1.6 ✓ dplyr 1.0.7
## ✓ tidyr 1.1.4 ✓ stringr 1.4.0
## ✓ readr 2.1.0 ✓ forcats 0.5.1## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## x dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## x readr::guess_encoding() masks rvest::guess_encoding()
## x dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()library(readxl)
library (ggplot2)
df = read_excel("videogames.xlsx") Minimizing sample size to 150 observations and storing it in smalldf.
smalldf <- sample_n (df,150)head(smalldf)## # A tibble: 6 × 11
## Rank Name Platform Year Genre Publisher NA_Sales EU_Sales JP_Sales
## <dbl> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 15694 Prince of… PSV 2015 Adven… Kadokawa Ga… 0 0 0.02
## 2 647 Tetris Pl… PS 1996 Puzzle JVC 2.1 0.24 0
## 3 5817 Disney's … PS2 2002 Action Sony Comput… 0.15 0.12 0
## 4 8365 Fuzion Fr… X360 2007 Misc Microsoft G… 0.14 0.01 0
## 5 14020 World in … PC 2007 Strat… Vivendi Gam… 0 0.03 0
## 6 15915 Evil Geni… PC 2004 Strat… Vivendi Gam… 0 0.01 0
## # … with 2 more variables: Other_Sales <dbl>, Global_Sales <dbl>tail(df)## # A tibble: 6 × 11
## Rank Name Platform Year Genre Publisher NA_Sales EU_Sales JP_Sales
## <dbl> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 16595 Plushees DS 2008 Simul… Destineer 0.01 0 0
## 2 16596 Woody Woodpe… GBA 2002 Platf… Kemco 0.01 0 0
## 3 16597 Men in Black… GC 2003 Shoot… Infogram… 0.01 0 0
## 4 16598 SCORE Intern… PS2 2008 Racing Activisi… 0 0 0
## 5 16599 Know How 2 DS 2010 Puzzle 7G//AMES 0 0.01 0
## 6 16600 Spirits & Sp… GBA 2003 Platf… Wanadoo 0.01 0 0
## # … with 2 more variables: Other_Sales <dbl>, Global_Sales <dbl>To preform a simple regression. We need two quantitative data from the sample. Now let’s see if the NA_Sales of video games can predict the Global_Sales.
linear <- lm(Global_Sales ~ NA_Sales, df)
summary(linear)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Global_Sales ~ NA_Sales, data = df)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -20.0071 -0.1086 -0.0528 0.0172 11.6456
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 0.063202 0.004292 14.72 <2e-16 ***
## NA_Sales 1.791827 0.005000 358.38 <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.526 on 16596 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.8856, Adjusted R-squared: 0.8856
## F-statistic: 1.284e+05 on 1 and 16596 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16Here, p value low in both, intercept and slope which means it is a good estimate.
Here from this summary we can see that the linear regression is fit because Adjusted R-squared is close to 1.
a <- data.frame(NA_Sales = c(100))
predict(linear,a)## 1
## 179.2459From this line of code, we can see that for every 100 copies of video games sold in North America(NA_Sales), it leads to 179 copies of Video games sold Globally (Global_Sales).
sum(
(predict(linear,df)
-df$Global_Sales)
^2)## [1] 4592.46The value we got above is the value that linear regression attempts to minimize.
sqrt(sum((predict(linear,df)-df$Global_Sales)^2)/178)## [1] 5.079403This is the value that shows he residual standard error.
summary(linear)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Global_Sales ~ NA_Sales, data = df)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -20.0071 -0.1086 -0.0528 0.0172 11.6456
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 0.063202 0.004292 14.72 <2e-16 ***
## NA_Sales 1.791827 0.005000 358.38 <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.526 on 16596 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.8856, Adjusted R-squared: 0.8856
## F-statistic: 1.284e+05 on 1 and 16596 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16Now lets examine plots in a visual representation.
plot(linear)
In the QQ plot we can see that most of the data are in the straight line but some data are above the line and some of them are below the line messing up with the accuracy of the regression.
In all other graphs, point are all ove the place making it hard to predict what they actually show.
Let’s force the intercept to be zero, and see how does it affects our result.
linearNoIntercept <- lm(Global_Sales ~ 0 +NA_Sales, smalldf)
summary(linearNoIntercept)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Global_Sales ~ 0 + NA_Sales, data = smalldf)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -1.85459 -0.01618 0.02000 0.11723 2.26710
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## NA_Sales 1.51680 0.04109 36.91 <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.3772 on 149 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.9014, Adjusted R-squared: 0.9008
## F-statistic: 1362 on 1 and 149 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16We can see slight decrease Adjusted R-Squared here. whereas there was no change in p-value.
Now let’s see what difference does it make to our prediction if we add publisher in our regression.
multiple <- lm(Global_Sales ~ NA_Sales + Publisher, smalldf)
summary(multiple)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Global_Sales ~ NA_Sales + Publisher, data = smalldf)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -1.25200 -0.07394 0.00000 0.00742 1.39001
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value
## (Intercept) -8.891e-05 2.870e-01 0.000
## NA_Sales 1.431e+00 5.794e-02 24.699
## Publisher5pb 3.009e-02 4.058e-01 0.074
## Publisher989 Studios 9.369e-02 4.972e-01 0.188
## PublisherAcquire 2.009e-02 4.970e-01 0.040
## PublisherActivision 1.755e-01 3.521e-01 0.498
## PublisherActivision Value -1.009e-02 4.970e-01 -0.020
## PublisherAqua Plus 2.009e-02 4.970e-01 0.040
## PublisherArc System Works 1.578e-02 4.970e-01 0.032
## PublisherAtari 4.019e-02 3.705e-01 0.108
## PublisherAtlus 1.501e-01 4.970e-01 0.302
## PublisherBAM! Entertainment -2.596e-02 4.971e-01 -0.052
## PublisherCapcom 1.859e-02 3.705e-01 0.050
## PublisherCodemasters 9.311e-03 4.058e-01 0.023
## PublisherCompile Heart 4.009e-02 4.970e-01 0.081
## PublisherD3Publisher 5.293e-02 4.058e-01 0.130
## PublisherDisney Interactive Studios -3.613e-02 4.971e-01 -0.073
## PublisherEidos Interactive 9.310e-01 4.126e-01 2.256
## PublisherElectronic Arts 8.832e-02 3.147e-01 0.281
## PublisherEmpire Interactive 8.093e-02 4.972e-01 0.163
## PublisherEnix Corporation 3.201e-01 4.970e-01 0.644
## PublisherEnterbrain 1.001e-01 4.970e-01 0.201
## PublisherEvolved Games 5.778e-03 4.970e-01 0.012
## PublisherFox Interactive 4.836e-02 4.971e-01 0.097
## PublisherGenki 4.009e-02 4.970e-01 0.081
## PublisherGT Interactive -3.751e-02 4.971e-01 -0.075
## PublisherGust 6.009e-02 4.970e-01 0.121
## PublisherHip Interactive 7.156e-03 4.970e-01 0.014
## PublisherIgnition Entertainment -2.844e-03 4.970e-01 -0.006
## PublisherInfogrames 1.209e-01 4.972e-01 0.243
## PublisherInterplay Productions 2.853e-02 4.970e-01 0.057
## PublisherJVC -6.052e-01 5.112e-01 -1.184
## PublisherKadokawa Games 2.009e-02 4.970e-01 0.040
## PublisherKadokawa Shoten 1.201e-01 4.970e-01 0.242
## PublisherKonami Digital Entertainment 6.663e-02 3.515e-01 0.190
## PublisherLevel 5 3.009e-02 4.970e-01 0.061
## PublisherMamba Games 2.009e-02 4.970e-01 0.040
## PublisherMicroprose 1.009e-02 4.970e-01 0.020
## PublisherMicrosoft Game Studios -1.809e-02 3.454e-01 -0.052
## PublisherMidway Games 6.178e-03 3.705e-01 0.017
## PublisherN/A -3.200e-03 4.971e-01 -0.006
## PublisherNamco Bandai Games 1.862e-01 3.209e-01 0.580
## PublisherNintendo 9.175e-01 3.723e-01 2.465
## PublisherNippon Ichi Software 4.009e-02 4.970e-01 0.081
## PublisherNumber None 3.009e-02 4.970e-01 0.061
## PublisherOtomate 1.009e-02 4.970e-01 0.020
## PublisherPack-In-Video 6.009e-02 4.970e-01 0.121
## PublisherPrototype 1.009e-02 4.970e-01 0.020
## PublisherRising Star Games -1.216e-02 4.058e-01 -0.030
## PublisherRocket Company 3.009e-02 4.970e-01 0.061
## PublisherSega 1.601e-01 4.058e-01 0.394
## PublisherSony Computer Entertainment 3.808e-01 3.115e-01 1.222
## PublisherSquare Enix 2.814e-01 3.516e-01 0.800
## PublisherSystem 3 7.422e-02 4.970e-01 0.149
## PublisherTake-Two Interactive 1.930e-01 3.314e-01 0.582
## PublisherTecmo Koei 8.480e-02 3.705e-01 0.229
## PublisherTelltale Games -7.156e-03 4.058e-01 -0.018
## PublisherTHQ 3.570e-02 3.209e-01 0.111
## PublisherUbisoft 2.106e-01 3.262e-01 0.646
## PublisherUFO Interactive -6.320e-02 4.971e-01 -0.127
## PublisherUltravision -1.596e-01 4.976e-01 -0.321
## PublisherUnknown -3.210e-02 3.397e-01 -0.095
## PublisherVivendi Games 4.409e-02 3.515e-01 0.125
## PublisherWarner Bros. Interactive Entertainment 3.011e-01 4.971e-01 0.606
## PublisherYamasa Entertainment 2.009e-02 4.970e-01 0.040
## PublisherZoo Digital Publishing -4.222e-03 4.970e-01 -0.008
## PublisherZoo Games -3.733e-02 4.971e-01 -0.075
## Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 0.9998
## NA_Sales <2e-16 ***
## Publisher5pb 0.9411
## Publisher989 Studios 0.8510
## PublisherAcquire 0.9679
## PublisherActivision 0.6195
## PublisherActivision Value 0.9839
## PublisherAqua Plus 0.9679
## PublisherArc System Works 0.9748
## PublisherAtari 0.9139
## PublisherAtlus 0.7634
## PublisherBAM! Entertainment 0.9585
## PublisherCapcom 0.9601
## PublisherCodemasters 0.9818
## PublisherCompile Heart 0.9359
## PublisherD3Publisher 0.8965
## PublisherDisney Interactive Studios 0.9422
## PublisherEidos Interactive 0.0267 *
## PublisherElectronic Arts 0.7797
## PublisherEmpire Interactive 0.8711
## PublisherEnix Corporation 0.5214
## PublisherEnterbrain 0.8409
## PublisherEvolved Games 0.9908
## PublisherFox Interactive 0.9227
## PublisherGenki 0.9359
## PublisherGT Interactive 0.9400
## PublisherGust 0.9041
## PublisherHip Interactive 0.9885
## PublisherIgnition Entertainment 0.9954
## PublisherInfogrames 0.8084
## PublisherInterplay Productions 0.9544
## PublisherJVC 0.2398
## PublisherKadokawa Games 0.9679
## PublisherKadokawa Shoten 0.8097
## PublisherKonami Digital Entertainment 0.8501
## PublisherLevel 5 0.9519
## PublisherMamba Games 0.9679
## PublisherMicroprose 0.9839
## PublisherMicrosoft Game Studios 0.9584
## PublisherMidway Games 0.9867
## PublisherN/A 0.9949
## PublisherNamco Bandai Games 0.5632
## PublisherNintendo 0.0158 *
## PublisherNippon Ichi Software 0.9359
## PublisherNumber None 0.9519
## PublisherOtomate 0.9839
## PublisherPack-In-Video 0.9041
## PublisherPrototype 0.9839
## PublisherRising Star Games 0.9762
## PublisherRocket Company 0.9519
## PublisherSega 0.6942
## PublisherSony Computer Entertainment 0.2250
## PublisherSquare Enix 0.4258
## PublisherSystem 3 0.8817
## PublisherTake-Two Interactive 0.5619
## PublisherTecmo Koei 0.8195
## PublisherTelltale Games 0.9860
## PublisherTHQ 0.9117
## PublisherUbisoft 0.5202
## PublisherUFO Interactive 0.8991
## PublisherUltravision 0.7492
## PublisherUnknown 0.9249
## PublisherVivendi Games 0.9005
## PublisherWarner Bros. Interactive Entertainment 0.5463
## PublisherYamasa Entertainment 0.9679
## PublisherZoo Digital Publishing 0.9932
## PublisherZoo Games 0.9403
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.4058 on 83 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.9224, Adjusted R-squared: 0.8607
## F-statistic: 14.95 on 66 and 83 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16Adjusted R-Squared decrease drastically after we add publisher in this regression.
multiple2 <- lm(Global_Sales ~ NA_Sales:Publisher, smalldf)
summary(multiple2)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Global_Sales ~ NA_Sales:Publisher, data = smalldf)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -0.86720 -0.07990 -0.03701 0.00954 1.75929
##
## Coefficients: (22 not defined because of singularities)
## Estimate Std. Error
## (Intercept) 0.09859 0.03770
## NA_Sales:Publisher505 Games -0.64904 5.31148
## NA_Sales:Publisher5pb NA NA
## NA_Sales:Publisher989 Studios 1.41262 1.19396
## NA_Sales:PublisherAcquire NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherActivision 1.70167 0.31361
## NA_Sales:PublisherActivision Value -0.12274 4.60529
## NA_Sales:PublisherAqua Plus NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherArc System Works -6.85921 32.23705
## NA_Sales:PublisherAtari 1.46551 0.88738
## NA_Sales:PublisherAtlus NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherBAM! Entertainment 0.47237 2.47977
## NA_Sales:PublisherCapcom -0.10740 4.02963
## NA_Sales:PublisherCodemasters -0.57184 6.44741
## NA_Sales:PublisherCompile Heart NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherD3Publisher -7.85921 32.23705
## NA_Sales:PublisherDisney Interactive Studios 0.75704 1.61185
## NA_Sales:PublisherEidos Interactive 2.20655 0.13893
## NA_Sales:PublisherElectronic Arts 1.37962 0.25576
## NA_Sales:PublisherEmpire Interactive 1.35395 1.40161
## NA_Sales:PublisherEnix Corporation NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherEnterbrain NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherEvolved Games -7.85921 32.23705
## NA_Sales:PublisherFox Interactive 1.01173 2.68642
## NA_Sales:PublisherGenki NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherGT Interactive 0.67449 1.79095
## NA_Sales:PublisherGust NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherHip Interactive -1.61974 10.74568
## NA_Sales:PublisherIgnition Entertainment -1.95307 10.74568
## NA_Sales:PublisherInfogrames 1.52786 1.40161
## NA_Sales:PublisherInterplay Productions 0.02816 6.44741
## NA_Sales:PublisherJVC 1.09591 0.15351
## NA_Sales:PublisherKadokawa Games NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherKadokawa Shoten NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherKonami Digital Entertainment 1.43479 1.27094
## NA_Sales:PublisherLevel 5 NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherMamba Games NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherMicroprose NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherMicrosoft Game Studios 1.32287 0.04353
## NA_Sales:PublisherMidway Games -0.46983 4.35390
## NA_Sales:PublisherN/A 0.83181 1.89630
## NA_Sales:PublisherNamco Bandai Games 1.46500 0.47307
## NA_Sales:PublisherNintendo 2.38748 0.27244
## NA_Sales:PublisherNippon Ichi Software NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherNumber None NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherOtomate NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherPack-In-Video NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherPrototype NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherRising Star Games -1.17275 5.56186
## NA_Sales:PublisherRocket Company NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherSega NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherSony Computer Entertainment 1.91412 0.11022
## NA_Sales:PublisherSquare Enix 2.43305 0.74980
## NA_Sales:PublisherSystem 3 1.02347 5.37284
## NA_Sales:PublisherTake-Two Interactive 0.36198 1.32276
## NA_Sales:PublisherTecmo Koei 3.19013 5.37284
## NA_Sales:PublisherTelltale Games -1.02570 5.56186
## NA_Sales:PublisherTHQ 1.33290 0.55109
## NA_Sales:PublisherUbisoft 1.69516 0.17603
## NA_Sales:PublisherUFO Interactive 0.47887 1.89630
## NA_Sales:PublisherUltravision 0.84411 0.73266
## NA_Sales:PublisherUnknown 0.83250 0.65536
## NA_Sales:PublisherVivendi Games 1.29399 1.01361
## NA_Sales:PublisherWarner Bros. Interactive Entertainment 2.69630 2.01482
## NA_Sales:PublisherYamasa Entertainment NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherZoo Digital Publishing -8.85921 32.23705
## NA_Sales:PublisherZoo Games 0.19462 2.93064
## t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 2.615 0.01023 *
## NA_Sales:Publisher505 Games -0.122 0.90298
## NA_Sales:Publisher5pb NA NA
## NA_Sales:Publisher989 Studios 1.183 0.23943
## NA_Sales:PublisherAcquire NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherActivision 5.426 3.72e-07 ***
## NA_Sales:PublisherActivision Value -0.027 0.97879
## NA_Sales:PublisherAqua Plus NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherArc System Works -0.213 0.83192
## NA_Sales:PublisherAtari 1.651 0.10163
## NA_Sales:PublisherAtlus NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherBAM! Entertainment 0.190 0.84929
## NA_Sales:PublisherCapcom -0.027 0.97879
## NA_Sales:PublisherCodemasters -0.089 0.92949
## NA_Sales:PublisherCompile Heart NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherD3Publisher -0.244 0.80787
## NA_Sales:PublisherDisney Interactive Studios 0.470 0.63956
## NA_Sales:PublisherEidos Interactive 15.883 < 2e-16 ***
## NA_Sales:PublisherElectronic Arts 5.394 4.28e-07 ***
## NA_Sales:PublisherEmpire Interactive 0.966 0.33627
## NA_Sales:PublisherEnix Corporation NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherEnterbrain NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherEvolved Games -0.244 0.80787
## NA_Sales:PublisherFox Interactive 0.377 0.70722
## NA_Sales:PublisherGenki NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherGT Interactive 0.377 0.70722
## NA_Sales:PublisherGust NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherHip Interactive -0.151 0.88048
## NA_Sales:PublisherIgnition Entertainment -0.182 0.85613
## NA_Sales:PublisherInfogrames 1.090 0.27818
## NA_Sales:PublisherInterplay Productions 0.004 0.99652
## NA_Sales:PublisherJVC 7.139 1.27e-10 ***
## NA_Sales:PublisherKadokawa Games NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherKadokawa Shoten NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherKonami Digital Entertainment 1.129 0.26150
## NA_Sales:PublisherLevel 5 NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherMamba Games NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherMicroprose NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherMicrosoft Game Studios 30.389 < 2e-16 ***
## NA_Sales:PublisherMidway Games -0.108 0.91427
## NA_Sales:PublisherN/A 0.439 0.66182
## NA_Sales:PublisherNamco Bandai Games 3.097 0.00251 **
## NA_Sales:PublisherNintendo 8.763 3.60e-14 ***
## NA_Sales:PublisherNippon Ichi Software NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherNumber None NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherOtomate NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherPack-In-Video NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherPrototype NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherRising Star Games -0.211 0.83341
## NA_Sales:PublisherRocket Company NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherSega NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherSony Computer Entertainment 17.367 < 2e-16 ***
## NA_Sales:PublisherSquare Enix 3.245 0.00158 **
## NA_Sales:PublisherSystem 3 0.190 0.84929
## NA_Sales:PublisherTake-Two Interactive 0.274 0.78489
## NA_Sales:PublisherTecmo Koei 0.594 0.55396
## NA_Sales:PublisherTelltale Games -0.184 0.85404
## NA_Sales:PublisherTHQ 2.419 0.01730 *
## NA_Sales:PublisherUbisoft 9.630 4.15e-16 ***
## NA_Sales:PublisherUFO Interactive 0.253 0.80113
## NA_Sales:PublisherUltravision 1.152 0.25189
## NA_Sales:PublisherUnknown 1.270 0.20678
## NA_Sales:PublisherVivendi Games 1.277 0.20456
## NA_Sales:PublisherWarner Bros. Interactive Entertainment 1.338 0.18371
## NA_Sales:PublisherYamasa Entertainment NA NA
## NA_Sales:PublisherZoo Digital Publishing -0.275 0.78400
## NA_Sales:PublisherZoo Games 0.066 0.94718
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.3202 on 105 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.9389, Adjusted R-squared: 0.9133
## F-statistic: 36.67 on 44 and 105 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16multiple4 <- lm(Global_Sales ~., smalldf)
summary(multiple4)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Global_Sales ~ ., data = smalldf)
##
## Residuals:
## ALL 150 residuals are 0: no residual degrees of freedom!
##
## Coefficients: (123 not defined because of singularities)
## Estimate Std. Error
## (Intercept) 2.572e-01 NaN
## Rank -1.592e-05 NaN
## NameAchtung Panzer: Kharkov 1943 1.460e-02 NaN
## NameAll Grown Up!: Game Boy Advance Video Volume 1 9.185e-02 NaN
## NameAll Star Cheer Squad 5.838e-01 NaN
## NameAlpha and Omega 4.299e-03 NaN
## NameAngelique Duet -2.293e-03 NaN
## NameAnimal Crossing: Happy Home Designer 2.730e+00 NaN
## NameArcade Party Pak 1.704e-02 NaN
## NameAround the World in 80 Days 2.850e-03 NaN
## NameAtelier Meruru: Alchemist of Arland 3 -2.229e-03 NaN
## NameAvatar: The Last Airbender - The Burning Earth 3.035e-02 NaN
## NameBackyard Baseball '09 -2.580e-03 NaN
## NameBackyard Skateboarding 2006 3.790e-03 NaN
## NameBanushi Life Game: Winner's Circle 8.758e-04 NaN
## NameBatman: Arkham City 3.331e-01 NaN
## NameBorderlands 5.070e-02 NaN
## NameBraid 4.108e-03 NaN
## NameBubble Bobble Evolution 2.420e-03 NaN
## NameCabbage Patch Kids: The Patch Puppy Rescue 1.287e-02 NaN
## NameCabela's Big Game Hunter 6.911e-03 NaN
## NameCentipede 4.424e-01 NaN
## NameCharm Girls Club: My Fashion Show 3.089e-03 NaN
## NameChuck E. Cheese's Party Games 5.239e-02 NaN
## NameCold Fear 1.357e-02 NaN
## NameCommand & Conquer: Red Alert 3 Ultimate Edition 1.945e-01 NaN
## NameCrash Nitro Kart 1.071e-01 NaN
## NameCrash: Mind Over Mutant 3.060e-01 NaN
## NameCruis'n World 4.333e-01 NaN
## NameDark Souls 7.759e-01 NaN
## NameDate A Live: Rine Utopia 2.373e-03 NaN
## NameDeepak Chopra's Leela 2.570e-02 NaN
## NameDerby Stallion P 8.869e-03 NaN
## NameDescent Maximum 1.395e-02 NaN
## NameDigimon World: Next Order 6.178e-03 NaN
## NameDiner Dash: Sizzle & Serve 2.200e-01 NaN
## NameDisney's Stitch: Experiment 626 1.454e-01 NaN
## NameDora's Cooking Club 1.024e-02 NaN
## NameDouble Sequence: The Q-Virus Invasion 1.121e-02 NaN
## NameDragon Quest Monsters 1·2 1.520e-01 NaN
## NameDungeon Explorer: Warriors of Ancient Arts 5.557e-03 NaN
## NameEarth Defense Force 2025.1: The Shadow of New Despair 1.274e-02 NaN
## NameEnslaved: Odyssey to the West 3.688e-01 NaN
## NameESPN NBA 2Night 6.226e-03 NaN
## NameESPN Winter X Games: Snowboarding 2002 7.137e-02 NaN
## NameEvil Genius 1.618e-02 NaN
## NameFaceBreaker 5.707e-02 NaN
## NameFancy Nancy: Tea Party Time! 5.322e-02 NaN
## NameFIFA Street 3 1.605e-01 NaN
## NameFinal Fantasy X/X-2 HD Remaster 4.986e-01 NaN
## NameFireblade 6.226e-03 NaN
## NameForza Motorsport 3 5.255e+00 NaN
## NameFreedom Fighters 2.621e-02 NaN
## NameFuel 4.682e-03 NaN
## NameFuzion Frenzy 2 4.596e-02 NaN
## NameGaist Crusher God 1.540e-02 NaN
## NameGame of Thrones (Telltale) 5.111e-03 NaN
## NameGirl Time 1.253e-02 NaN
## NameGod of War II 3.817e+00 NaN
## NameHalo 2 8.234e+00 NaN
## NameHarvest Moon: A Wonderful Life 5.742e-01 NaN
## NameHeavenly Guardian 4.124e-03 NaN
## NameHitman: HD Trilogy 7.744e-02 NaN
## NameJak and Daxter: The Lost Frontier 2.709e-01 NaN
## NameKarate 2.789e-01 NaN
## NameKidou Senshi Gundam F91: Formula Senki 0122 1.610e-01 NaN
## NameKinnikuman Muscle Grand Prix Max 1.338e-03 NaN
## NameKung Fu Panda 2 2.639e-02 NaN
## NameLunar 2: Eternal Blue 2.142e-02 NaN
## NameMAG: Massive Action Game 1.087e+00 NaN
## NameMalice 8.424e-03 NaN
## NameMana Khemia: Alchemists of Al-Revis (JP sales) -2.818e-03 NaN
## NameMarvel Avengers: Battle for Earth 1.667e-02 NaN
## NameMedarot 9: Kabuto Ver. / Kuwagata Ver. 3.662e-04 NaN
## NameMedieval II: Total War 5.494e-03 NaN
## NameMega Man 8 Anniversary Collector's Edition 6.656e-03 NaN
## NameMemories Off 6: T-Wave 3.838e-03 NaN
## NameMetal Gear Solid: The Essential Collection 2.701e-01 NaN
## NameMichael Jackson: The Experience 4.076e-02 NaN
## NameMinute to Win It 1.981e-02 NaN
## NameMLB Front Office Manager 3.678e-03 NaN
## NameMLB SlugFest 2006 -1.990e-03 NaN
## NameMonsters, Inc. Scream Team 3.596e-01 NaN
## NameMotorStorm 3.628e+00 NaN
## NameNaruto: Ultimate Ninja Heroes (JP sales) -1.401e-03 NaN
## NameNatsuzora no Monologue 1.314e-02 NaN
## NameNBA Live 09 4.989e-01 NaN
## NameNBA ShootOut '97 4.144e-01 NaN
## NameNeed for Speed: Hot Pursuit 2.885e-01 NaN
## NameNFL Xtreme 2 2.885e-01 NaN
## NameNHL 09 3.057e-01 NaN
## NameNHL Championship 2000 7.809e-02 NaN
## NameNHL Slapshot 2.450e-01 NaN
## NameNicktoons: Attack of the Toybots 3.067e-01 NaN
## NameOkage: Shadow King 1.855e-01 NaN
## NamePeppa Pig: Fun and Games 4.612e-01 NaN
## NamePhantasy Star Online Episode I & II 2.616e-01 NaN
## NamePrince of Stride 1.266e-02 NaN
## NamePro Pinball 2.285e-01 NaN
## NamePutty Squad 4.148e-02 NaN
## NamePuzzler Brain Games 4.516e-01 NaN
## NameQuantum Redshift 2.634e-02 NaN
## NameRakushou! Pachi-Slot Sengen 4 1.231e-02 NaN
## NameRampage 2: Universal Tour 7.785e-02 NaN
## NameRingling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus 5.043e-02 NaN
## NameRise of the Tomb Raider 2.204e-01 NaN
## NameRiver City Super Sports Challenge 1.115e-03 NaN
## NameRiver King: Wonderful Journey 8.933e-03 NaN
## NameRobotics;Notes 6.481e-03 NaN
## NameRock Band 1.381e+00 NaN
## NameRoyal Palace of White Sword and The City of Gentiles 9.114e-01 NaN
## NameSangoku Koi Senki: Omoide Gaeshi - CS Edition 1.220e-02 NaN
## NameSCORE International Baja 1000: The Official Game 1.683e-02 NaN
## NameSecond Sight 3.025e-03 NaN
## NameShin Megami Tensei: Devil Summoner - Soul Hackers 3.543e-02 NaN
## NameShinobi 7.373e-01 NaN
## NameShrek Smash n' Crash Racing 1.032e-02 NaN
## NameSimCity 1.736e+00 NaN
## NameSingularity 1.524e-01 NaN
## NameStadium Games 6.210e-03 NaN
## NameStarBlade α 4.080e-02 NaN
## NameSummon Night X: Tears Crown 6.210e-04 NaN
## NameTao Feng: Fist of the Lotus 1.126e-01 NaN
## NameTetris Plus 2.153e+00 NaN
## NameThe BIGS 3.900e-02 NaN
## NameThe Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion 2.870e+00 NaN
## NameThe Powerpuff Girls: Chemical X-Traction 3.946e-02 NaN
## NameThe Sims 2: Pets 1.372e-01 NaN
## NameThe Sims: Bustin' Out 3.596e-01 NaN
## NameThe Tomb Raider Trilogy 7.177e-01 NaN
## NameThe Wolf Among Us 1.385e-03 NaN
## NameTom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Vegas 5.268e-01 NaN
## NameTomb Raider II 4.986e+00 NaN
## NameTony Hawk's Underground 1.038e+00 NaN
## NameUltimate Band 9.968e-02 NaN
## NameUltimate NES Remix 1.148e-01 NaN
## NameViewtiful Joe: Red Hot Rumble 1.022e-02 NaN
## NameVirtua Fighter Kids 8.459e-02 NaN
## NameWarcraft III: The Frozen Throne 1.302e+00 NaN
## NameWarhammer: Battle For Atluma -9.554e-05 NaN
## NameWarhawk 8.340e-01 NaN
## NameWarriors Orochi 2 1.298e-01 NaN
## NameWhacked! 5.271e-03 NaN
## NameWhite Album 2: Shiawase no Mukougawa 1.510e-02 NaN
## NameWhite Knight Chronicles II 4.332e-01 NaN
## NameWizardry Twin Pack 1.221e-02 NaN
## NameWorld in Conflict 6.003e-03 NaN
## NameWorms 2 1.452e-02 NaN
## NameWWE '12 1.861e-01 NaN
## NameYamasa Digi World SP: Moeyo! Kung Fu Shukujo 1.215e-02 NaN
## NameYoKai Watch Dance: Just Dance Special Version NA NA
## Platform3DS NA NA
## PlatformDS NA NA
## PlatformGBA NA NA
## PlatformGC NA NA
## PlatformN64 NA NA
## PlatformPC NA NA
## PlatformPS NA NA
## PlatformPS2 NA NA
## PlatformPS3 NA NA
## PlatformPS4 NA NA
## PlatformPSP NA NA
## PlatformPSV NA NA
## PlatformSAT NA NA
## PlatformSNES NA NA
## PlatformWii NA NA
## PlatformWiiU NA NA
## PlatformX360 NA NA
## PlatformXB NA NA
## PlatformXOne NA NA
## Year1995 NA NA
## Year1996 NA NA
## Year1997 NA NA
## Year1998 NA NA
## Year1999 NA NA
## Year2000 NA NA
## Year2001 NA NA
## Year2002 NA NA
## Year2003 NA NA
## Year2004 NA NA
## Year2005 NA NA
## Year2006 NA NA
## Year2007 NA NA
## Year2008 NA NA
## Year2009 NA NA
## Year2010 NA NA
## Year2011 NA NA
## Year2012 NA NA
## Year2013 NA NA
## Year2014 NA NA
## Year2015 NA NA
## Year2016 NA NA
## YearN/A NA NA
## GenreAdventure NA NA
## GenreFighting NA NA
## GenreMisc NA NA
## GenrePlatform NA NA
## GenrePuzzle NA NA
## GenreRacing NA NA
## GenreRole-Playing NA NA
## GenreShooter NA NA
## GenreSimulation NA NA
## GenreSports NA NA
## GenreStrategy NA NA
## Publisher5pb NA NA
## Publisher989 Studios NA NA
## PublisherAcquire NA NA
## PublisherActivision NA NA
## PublisherActivision Value NA NA
## PublisherAqua Plus NA NA
## PublisherArc System Works NA NA
## PublisherAtari NA NA
## PublisherAtlus NA NA
## PublisherBAM! Entertainment NA NA
## PublisherCapcom NA NA
## PublisherCodemasters NA NA
## PublisherCompile Heart NA NA
## PublisherD3Publisher NA NA
## PublisherDisney Interactive Studios NA NA
## PublisherEidos Interactive NA NA
## PublisherElectronic Arts NA NA
## PublisherEmpire Interactive NA NA
## PublisherEnix Corporation NA NA
## PublisherEnterbrain NA NA
## PublisherEvolved Games NA NA
## PublisherFox Interactive NA NA
## PublisherGenki NA NA
## PublisherGT Interactive NA NA
## PublisherGust NA NA
## PublisherHip Interactive NA NA
## PublisherIgnition Entertainment NA NA
## PublisherInfogrames NA NA
## PublisherInterplay Productions NA NA
## PublisherJVC NA NA
## PublisherKadokawa Games NA NA
## PublisherKadokawa Shoten NA NA
## PublisherKonami Digital Entertainment NA NA
## PublisherLevel 5 NA NA
## PublisherMamba Games NA NA
## PublisherMicroprose NA NA
## PublisherMicrosoft Game Studios NA NA
## PublisherMidway Games NA NA
## PublisherN/A NA NA
## PublisherNamco Bandai Games NA NA
## PublisherNintendo NA NA
## PublisherNippon Ichi Software NA NA
## PublisherNumber None NA NA
## PublisherOtomate NA NA
## PublisherPack-In-Video NA NA
## PublisherPrototype NA NA
## PublisherRising Star Games NA NA
## PublisherRocket Company NA NA
## PublisherSega NA NA
## PublisherSony Computer Entertainment NA NA
## PublisherSquare Enix NA NA
## PublisherSystem 3 NA NA
## PublisherTake-Two Interactive NA NA
## PublisherTecmo Koei NA NA
## PublisherTelltale Games NA NA
## PublisherTHQ NA NA
## PublisherUbisoft NA NA
## PublisherUFO Interactive NA NA
## PublisherUltravision NA NA
## PublisherUnknown NA NA
## PublisherVivendi Games NA NA
## PublisherWarner Bros. Interactive Entertainment NA NA
## PublisherYamasa Entertainment NA NA
## PublisherZoo Digital Publishing NA NA
## PublisherZoo Games NA NA
## NA_Sales NA NA
## EU_Sales NA NA
## JP_Sales NA NA
## Other_Sales NA NA
## t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) NaN NaN
## Rank NaN NaN
## NameAchtung Panzer: Kharkov 1943 NaN NaN
## NameAll Grown Up!: Game Boy Advance Video Volume 1 NaN NaN
## NameAll Star Cheer Squad NaN NaN
## NameAlpha and Omega NaN NaN
## NameAngelique Duet NaN NaN
## NameAnimal Crossing: Happy Home Designer NaN NaN
## NameArcade Party Pak NaN NaN
## NameAround the World in 80 Days NaN NaN
## NameAtelier Meruru: Alchemist of Arland 3 NaN NaN
## NameAvatar: The Last Airbender - The Burning Earth NaN NaN
## NameBackyard Baseball '09 NaN NaN
## NameBackyard Skateboarding 2006 NaN NaN
## NameBanushi Life Game: Winner's Circle NaN NaN
## NameBatman: Arkham City NaN NaN
## NameBorderlands NaN NaN
## NameBraid NaN NaN
## NameBubble Bobble Evolution NaN NaN
## NameCabbage Patch Kids: The Patch Puppy Rescue NaN NaN
## NameCabela's Big Game Hunter NaN NaN
## NameCentipede NaN NaN
## NameCharm Girls Club: My Fashion Show NaN NaN
## NameChuck E. Cheese's Party Games NaN NaN
## NameCold Fear NaN NaN
## NameCommand & Conquer: Red Alert 3 Ultimate Edition NaN NaN
## NameCrash Nitro Kart NaN NaN
## NameCrash: Mind Over Mutant NaN NaN
## NameCruis'n World NaN NaN
## NameDark Souls NaN NaN
## NameDate A Live: Rine Utopia NaN NaN
## NameDeepak Chopra's Leela NaN NaN
## NameDerby Stallion P NaN NaN
## NameDescent Maximum NaN NaN
## NameDigimon World: Next Order NaN NaN
## NameDiner Dash: Sizzle & Serve NaN NaN
## NameDisney's Stitch: Experiment 626 NaN NaN
## NameDora's Cooking Club NaN NaN
## NameDouble Sequence: The Q-Virus Invasion NaN NaN
## NameDragon Quest Monsters 1·2 NaN NaN
## NameDungeon Explorer: Warriors of Ancient Arts NaN NaN
## NameEarth Defense Force 2025.1: The Shadow of New Despair NaN NaN
## NameEnslaved: Odyssey to the West NaN NaN
## NameESPN NBA 2Night NaN NaN
## NameESPN Winter X Games: Snowboarding 2002 NaN NaN
## NameEvil Genius NaN NaN
## NameFaceBreaker NaN NaN
## NameFancy Nancy: Tea Party Time! NaN NaN
## NameFIFA Street 3 NaN NaN
## NameFinal Fantasy X/X-2 HD Remaster NaN NaN
## NameFireblade NaN NaN
## NameForza Motorsport 3 NaN NaN
## NameFreedom Fighters NaN NaN
## NameFuel NaN NaN
## NameFuzion Frenzy 2 NaN NaN
## NameGaist Crusher God NaN NaN
## NameGame of Thrones (Telltale) NaN NaN
## NameGirl Time NaN NaN
## NameGod of War II NaN NaN
## NameHalo 2 NaN NaN
## NameHarvest Moon: A Wonderful Life NaN NaN
## NameHeavenly Guardian NaN NaN
## NameHitman: HD Trilogy NaN NaN
## NameJak and Daxter: The Lost Frontier NaN NaN
## NameKarate NaN NaN
## NameKidou Senshi Gundam F91: Formula Senki 0122 NaN NaN
## NameKinnikuman Muscle Grand Prix Max NaN NaN
## NameKung Fu Panda 2 NaN NaN
## NameLunar 2: Eternal Blue NaN NaN
## NameMAG: Massive Action Game NaN NaN
## NameMalice NaN NaN
## NameMana Khemia: Alchemists of Al-Revis (JP sales) NaN NaN
## NameMarvel Avengers: Battle for Earth NaN NaN
## NameMedarot 9: Kabuto Ver. / Kuwagata Ver. NaN NaN
## NameMedieval II: Total War NaN NaN
## NameMega Man 8 Anniversary Collector's Edition NaN NaN
## NameMemories Off 6: T-Wave NaN NaN
## NameMetal Gear Solid: The Essential Collection NaN NaN
## NameMichael Jackson: The Experience NaN NaN
## NameMinute to Win It NaN NaN
## NameMLB Front Office Manager NaN NaN
## NameMLB SlugFest 2006 NaN NaN
## NameMonsters, Inc. Scream Team NaN NaN
## NameMotorStorm NaN NaN
## NameNaruto: Ultimate Ninja Heroes (JP sales) NaN NaN
## NameNatsuzora no Monologue NaN NaN
## NameNBA Live 09 NaN NaN
## NameNBA ShootOut '97 NaN NaN
## NameNeed for Speed: Hot Pursuit NaN NaN
## NameNFL Xtreme 2 NaN NaN
## NameNHL 09 NaN NaN
## NameNHL Championship 2000 NaN NaN
## NameNHL Slapshot NaN NaN
## NameNicktoons: Attack of the Toybots NaN NaN
## NameOkage: Shadow King NaN NaN
## NamePeppa Pig: Fun and Games NaN NaN
## NamePhantasy Star Online Episode I & II NaN NaN
## NamePrince of Stride NaN NaN
## NamePro Pinball NaN NaN
## NamePutty Squad NaN NaN
## NamePuzzler Brain Games NaN NaN
## NameQuantum Redshift NaN NaN
## NameRakushou! Pachi-Slot Sengen 4 NaN NaN
## NameRampage 2: Universal Tour NaN NaN
## NameRingling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus NaN NaN
## NameRise of the Tomb Raider NaN NaN
## NameRiver City Super Sports Challenge NaN NaN
## NameRiver King: Wonderful Journey NaN NaN
## NameRobotics;Notes NaN NaN
## NameRock Band NaN NaN
## NameRoyal Palace of White Sword and The City of Gentiles NaN NaN
## NameSangoku Koi Senki: Omoide Gaeshi - CS Edition NaN NaN
## NameSCORE International Baja 1000: The Official Game NaN NaN
## NameSecond Sight NaN NaN
## NameShin Megami Tensei: Devil Summoner - Soul Hackers NaN NaN
## NameShinobi NaN NaN
## NameShrek Smash n' Crash Racing NaN NaN
## NameSimCity NaN NaN
## NameSingularity NaN NaN
## NameStadium Games NaN NaN
## NameStarBlade α NaN NaN
## NameSummon Night X: Tears Crown NaN NaN
## NameTao Feng: Fist of the Lotus NaN NaN
## NameTetris Plus NaN NaN
## NameThe BIGS NaN NaN
## NameThe Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion NaN NaN
## NameThe Powerpuff Girls: Chemical X-Traction NaN NaN
## NameThe Sims 2: Pets NaN NaN
## NameThe Sims: Bustin' Out NaN NaN
## NameThe Tomb Raider Trilogy NaN NaN
## NameThe Wolf Among Us NaN NaN
## NameTom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Vegas NaN NaN
## NameTomb Raider II NaN NaN
## NameTony Hawk's Underground NaN NaN
## NameUltimate Band NaN NaN
## NameUltimate NES Remix NaN NaN
## NameViewtiful Joe: Red Hot Rumble NaN NaN
## NameVirtua Fighter Kids NaN NaN
## NameWarcraft III: The Frozen Throne NaN NaN
## NameWarhammer: Battle For Atluma NaN NaN
## NameWarhawk NaN NaN
## NameWarriors Orochi 2 NaN NaN
## NameWhacked! NaN NaN
## NameWhite Album 2: Shiawase no Mukougawa NaN NaN
## NameWhite Knight Chronicles II NaN NaN
## NameWizardry Twin Pack NaN NaN
## NameWorld in Conflict NaN NaN
## NameWorms 2 NaN NaN
## NameWWE '12 NaN NaN
## NameYamasa Digi World SP: Moeyo! Kung Fu Shukujo NaN NaN
## NameYoKai Watch Dance: Just Dance Special Version NA NA
## Platform3DS NA NA
## PlatformDS NA NA
## PlatformGBA NA NA
## PlatformGC NA NA
## PlatformN64 NA NA
## PlatformPC NA NA
## PlatformPS NA NA
## PlatformPS2 NA NA
## PlatformPS3 NA NA
## PlatformPS4 NA NA
## PlatformPSP NA NA
## PlatformPSV NA NA
## PlatformSAT NA NA
## PlatformSNES NA NA
## PlatformWii NA NA
## PlatformWiiU NA NA
## PlatformX360 NA NA
## PlatformXB NA NA
## PlatformXOne NA NA
## Year1995 NA NA
## Year1996 NA NA
## Year1997 NA NA
## Year1998 NA NA
## Year1999 NA NA
## Year2000 NA NA
## Year2001 NA NA
## Year2002 NA NA
## Year2003 NA NA
## Year2004 NA NA
## Year2005 NA NA
## Year2006 NA NA
## Year2007 NA NA
## Year2008 NA NA
## Year2009 NA NA
## Year2010 NA NA
## Year2011 NA NA
## Year2012 NA NA
## Year2013 NA NA
## Year2014 NA NA
## Year2015 NA NA
## Year2016 NA NA
## YearN/A NA NA
## GenreAdventure NA NA
## GenreFighting NA NA
## GenreMisc NA NA
## GenrePlatform NA NA
## GenrePuzzle NA NA
## GenreRacing NA NA
## GenreRole-Playing NA NA
## GenreShooter NA NA
## GenreSimulation NA NA
## GenreSports NA NA
## GenreStrategy NA NA
## Publisher5pb NA NA
## Publisher989 Studios NA NA
## PublisherAcquire NA NA
## PublisherActivision NA NA
## PublisherActivision Value NA NA
## PublisherAqua Plus NA NA
## PublisherArc System Works NA NA
## PublisherAtari NA NA
## PublisherAtlus NA NA
## PublisherBAM! Entertainment NA NA
## PublisherCapcom NA NA
## PublisherCodemasters NA NA
## PublisherCompile Heart NA NA
## PublisherD3Publisher NA NA
## PublisherDisney Interactive Studios NA NA
## PublisherEidos Interactive NA NA
## PublisherElectronic Arts NA NA
## PublisherEmpire Interactive NA NA
## PublisherEnix Corporation NA NA
## PublisherEnterbrain NA NA
## PublisherEvolved Games NA NA
## PublisherFox Interactive NA NA
## PublisherGenki NA NA
## PublisherGT Interactive NA NA
## PublisherGust NA NA
## PublisherHip Interactive NA NA
## PublisherIgnition Entertainment NA NA
## PublisherInfogrames NA NA
## PublisherInterplay Productions NA NA
## PublisherJVC NA NA
## PublisherKadokawa Games NA NA
## PublisherKadokawa Shoten NA NA
## PublisherKonami Digital Entertainment NA NA
## PublisherLevel 5 NA NA
## PublisherMamba Games NA NA
## PublisherMicroprose NA NA
## PublisherMicrosoft Game Studios NA NA
## PublisherMidway Games NA NA
## PublisherN/A NA NA
## PublisherNamco Bandai Games NA NA
## PublisherNintendo NA NA
## PublisherNippon Ichi Software NA NA
## PublisherNumber None NA NA
## PublisherOtomate NA NA
## PublisherPack-In-Video NA NA
## PublisherPrototype NA NA
## PublisherRising Star Games NA NA
## PublisherRocket Company NA NA
## PublisherSega NA NA
## PublisherSony Computer Entertainment NA NA
## PublisherSquare Enix NA NA
## PublisherSystem 3 NA NA
## PublisherTake-Two Interactive NA NA
## PublisherTecmo Koei NA NA
## PublisherTelltale Games NA NA
## PublisherTHQ NA NA
## PublisherUbisoft NA NA
## PublisherUFO Interactive NA NA
## PublisherUltravision NA NA
## PublisherUnknown NA NA
## PublisherVivendi Games NA NA
## PublisherWarner Bros. Interactive Entertainment NA NA
## PublisherYamasa Entertainment NA NA
## PublisherZoo Digital Publishing NA NA
## PublisherZoo Games NA NA
## NA_Sales NA NA
## EU_Sales NA NA
## JP_Sales NA NA
## Other_Sales NA NA
##
## Residual standard error: NaN on 0 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 1, Adjusted R-squared: NaN
## F-statistic: NaN on 149 and 0 DF, p-value: NAggplot(smalldf,aes(x= NA_Sales, y = Global_Sales))+
geom_jitter(color = "Red") +
geom_smooth(method = lm)## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
The graph above shows that it has a positive correlation. But the data is not perfect since many points are far from the straight line.
ggplot(smalldf,aes(x= NA_Sales, y = Global_Sales, color = Publisher))+
geom_point()+
geom_smooth(method = lm)## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'## Warning in qt((1 - level)/2, df): NaNs produced
## Warning in qt((1 - level)/2, df): NaNs produced
## Warning in qt((1 - level)/2, df): NaNs produced
## Warning in qt((1 - level)/2, df): NaNs produced
## Warning in qt((1 - level)/2, df): NaNs produced
## Warning in qt((1 - level)/2, df): NaNs produced## Warning in max(ids, na.rm = TRUE): no non-missing arguments to max; returning
## -Inf
## Warning in max(ids, na.rm = TRUE): no non-missing arguments to max; returning
## -Inf
## Warning in max(ids, na.rm = TRUE): no non-missing arguments to max; returning
## -Inf
## Warning in max(ids, na.rm = TRUE): no non-missing arguments to max; returning
## -Inf
## Warning in max(ids, na.rm = TRUE): no non-missing arguments to max; returning
## -Inf
## Warning in max(ids, na.rm = TRUE): no non-missing arguments to max; returning
## -Inf
I got lots of error in this graph and it is also hard to see any prediction in this graph.
dfoff <- df %>% filter(Publisher == "Publisher")
ggplot(smalldf,aes(x= NA_Sales, y = Global_Sales))+
geom_jitter()+
geom_smooth(method = lm)## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
Here in the graph, most of the data fall in the origin. the graph is quite similar to the previous graph as this also shows the positive correlation but not perfect.
ggplot(smalldf,aes(x= NA_Sales, y = Global_Sales))+
geom_point()+
geom_smooth(method = "glm")## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
ggplot(smalldf,aes(x= NA_Sales, y = Global_Sales))+
geom_point()+
geom_smooth()## `geom_smooth()` using method = 'loess' and formula 'y ~ x'
This graph is also similar to above graphs in terms of most data located in the origin. The massive difference we can see in this graph is that line in this graph is curve and most of the points are located around the curve.