class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # Горчаковские Чтения ## Взаимодействие органов государственной власти и бизнеса:<br />проблемы и перспективы прямого государственного вмешательства ### Александр Шеметев ### СЗИУ РАНХиГС ### 2021/09/05 (updated: 2021-11-25) --- class: inverse, center, middle # Цель: дать краткий ответ на ключевой вопрос -- Действительно ли государственное регулирование экономики всегда приводит к положительному эффекту в долгосрочной перспективе? --- # Темы на сегодня: 1) Государственное вмешательство с позиции экономической теории -- 2) Устная дискуссия: эффекты государственного вмешательства --- # Общая теория равновесия <div id="htmlwidget-8859e828890e8c2468f6" style="width:504px;height:504px;" class="plotly html-widget"></div> <script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-8859e828890e8c2468f6">{"x":{"visdat":{"4edc5fe11ecd":["function () 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последствия такого решения? --- background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,#26.jpg) class: inverse, bottom, inverse background-size: contain -- background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,#26_1.jpg) class: inverse, bottom, inverse background-size: contain -- background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,#26_2.jpg) class: inverse, bottom, inverse background-size: contain -- background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,#26_3.jpg) class: inverse, bottom, inverse background-size: contain -- background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,#26_10.jpg) class: inverse, bottom, inverse background-size: contain -- # Ценовой потолок и дефицит хлеба --- class: inverse, center, middle # Государственное регулирование спроса и предложения: минимальная цена -- Шампанское на свободном рынке стоит от 80 руб/бутылка -- Государство вводит минимальную цену на Шампанское 200 руб./бутылка -- Как это отразится на рынке самого дешевого шампанского? --- background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,#27.jpg) class: inverse, bottom, inverse background-size: contain -- # Ценовой пол и излишек шампанского --- class: inverse, center, middle # Государственное регулирование спроса и предложения: предельное количество -- В Санкт-Петербурге работают 120 000 такси -- Государство вводит лицензию (разрешение) на такси -- Количество лицензий на город 30 000 штук -- Как это отразится на рынке услуг такси? --- background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,#28.jpg) class: inverse, bottom, inverse background-size: contain -- # Политика предельного количества --- class: inverse, center, middle # Государственное регулирование спроса и предложения: НДС -- Старая ставка НДС на молоко была 0% -- Государство вводит ставку НДС на молоко в 20% -- Как это отразится на рынке молока? --- background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,#29.jpg) class: inverse, bottom, inverse background-size: contain -- # Изменение НДС --- class: inverse, center, middle # Государственное регулирование спроса и предложения: подоходный налог -- Старая ставка подоходного налога была 0% -- Государство вводит подоходный налог 15% на всех -- Представьте, что люди ничего не получают взамен уплаченных налогов -- Как это повлияет на спрос на внутреннем рынке? --- background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,#30.jpg) class: inverse, bottom, inverse background-size: contain -- # Изменение подоходного налога --- class: inverse, center, middle # Государственное регулирование спроса и предложения: новая технология -- Государство вводит новую систему цифрового правительства -- Оно снизит затраты бизнеса (время и ресурсы) на взаимодействие с государством -- Как это отразится на внутренний рынок? --- background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,#31.jpg) class: inverse, bottom, inverse background-size: contain -- # Новая полезная технология