layout: true <div class="my-footer"><span>Part I: Intuition and Paradigms</span></div> <!-- this adds the link footer to all slides, depends on my-footer class in css--> --- name: xaringan-title class: inverse, center, middle # Introduction to R: Concepts and Terminology <img src="https://casbbi.gmu.edu/wp-content/uploads/logo.png" alt="gmu" width="180"/> ### Part I: Intuition and Paradigms .large[Shea Fyffe | George Mason University | 19 Nov 2021] --- class: middle, center .sun[Thank you for being here...] 🎉 --- class: middle, center, inverse ### .raininline[Background] .large[.fancy[Why are we here?]] --- ### .raininline[Background: People I've Met] .fatinline[Since I've started the program I've provided `R` help to:] + ~100 people (rough estimate) + students (undergrad & grad), student organizations, *faculty*, alumni + psychology, business, education, engineering + even people from GMU unaffiliated with psychology (that I had never met in my life) reach out to me --- ## .raininline[Background: The Unconfident] .salt[I am *not* some magic wizard or gifted being.] .salt[In fact, I locked my keys in my car just a few weeks ago. A horse kicked me in the face as a child.] -- .sun[I struggle when people say they *can't* learn R. It's too difficult.] ### .suninline[I do not believe you.] --- ## .raininline[Background: The Confident] .sun[Those that I've met (not everyone but most) that say they *know* R.] + *Can't* tell me the difference in a `list` and a `data.frame` + They *can't* tell me the difference between `indexing` and `filtering` + It's all fun and games until they get an .heatinline[error]. --- ## These problems have no relation to those I've interacted with. -- ## .heatinline[They are completely related to how `R` is being taught and communicated.] --- # .heat[Disclaimer] ## I will come off as earnest, fanatical, and/or bombastic --- class: middle, center # .raininline[Introduction] --- class: middle <img src="src/figs/frodo.jpg" width="50%" style="float:right; margin-left:10px;" /> .large[.fancy[I'm here as your guide, but this will be *your* journey...]] -- .large[.fancy[Fast or slow it will be a journey nonetheless.]] --- class: middle # Intoduction: My Journey with GMU <img src="src/figs/paid-lab.jpg" width="50%" style="float:right; margin-left:10px;" /> + 4<sup>th</sup> year PhD *candidate*<sup>1</sup> + Working in the .raininline[Psychometrics and Individual Differences] (PAID) Lab + You can learn more about the PAID Lab [(link)](https://sites.google.com/view/paid-lab/home) + **Research Interests:** "alternative" ways to measure personality + Text + Games .footnote[[1] #blessed 😅] --- class: middle # Introduction: My Journey with R + Like many of you, I took interest in `R` during graduate school (the first time) + Started learning by translating `SPSS` syntax at former job + I've been using since 2016 -- + I consider R a hobby (yes, I *actually* enjoy it) + Developed several packages, which are mostly proprietary (e.g., `ips.tools`, `rta`, `GMU.vpa`) + Recently became a mentor in the R for Data Science (R4DS) Slack Channel ([join here](http://r4ds.io/join)) + I teach an undergrad course *Introduction to R Programming in the Social Sciences* (PSYC 461) --- class: middle, center # .raininline[Agenda: Friday (Part I)] --- ## 1. Mindset ### 🙈🙉🙊 Truth or Dare ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 640 512" style="height:1em;width:1.25em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M104 96H56c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24v104H8c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v48c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h24v104c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h48c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24V120c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24zm528 128h-24V120c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24h-48c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24v272c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h48c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24V288h24c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8v-48c0-4.4-3.6-8-8-8zM456 32h-48c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24v168H256V56c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24h-48c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24v400c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h48c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24V288h128v168c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h48c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24V56c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24z"/></svg> What can R do? ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;width:1em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M48 32C21.5 32 0 53.5 0 80v352c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h416c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V80c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48zm0 32h106c3.3 0 6 2.7 6 6v20c0 3.3-2.7 6-6 6H38c-3.3 0-6-2.7-6-6V80c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16zm426 96H38c-3.3 0-6-2.7-6-6v-36c0-3.3 2.7-6 6-6h138l30.2-45.3c1.1-1.7 3-2.7 5-2.7H464c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v74c0 3.3-2.7 6-6 6zM256 424c-66.2 0-120-53.8-120-120s53.8-120 120-120 120 53.8 120 120-53.8 120-120 120zm0-208c-48.5 0-88 39.5-88 88s39.5 88 88 88 88-39.5 88-88-39.5-88-88-88zm-48 104c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16 0-35.3 28.7-64 64-64 8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16s-7.2 16-16 16c-17.6 0-32 14.4-32 32 0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16z"/></svg> Activity: Pictionary ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 581 512" style="height:1em;width:1.13em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M581 226.6C581 119.1 450.9 32 290.5 32S0 119.1 0 226.6C0 322.4 103.3 402 239.4 418.1V480h99.1v-61.5c24.3-2.7 47.6-7.4 69.4-13.9L448 480h112l-67.4-113.7c54.5-35.4 88.4-84.9 88.4-139.7zm-466.8 14.5c0-73.5 98.9-133 220.8-133s211.9 40.7 211.9 133c0 50.1-26.5 85-70.3 106.4-2.4-1.6-4.7-2.9-6.4-3.7-10.2-5.2-27.8-10.5-27.8-10.5s86.6-6.4 86.6-92.7-90.6-87.9-90.6-87.9h-199V361c-74.1-21.5-125.2-67.1-125.2-119.9zm225.1 38.3v-55.6c57.8 0 87.8-6.8 87.8 27.3 0 36.5-38.2 28.3-87.8 28.3zm-.9 72.5H365c10.8 0 18.9 11.7 24 19.2-16.1 1.9-33 2.8-50.6 2.9v-22.1z"/></svg> What is R? ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 640 512" style="height:1em;width:1.25em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:green;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M192 384h192c53 0 96-43 96-96h32c70.6 0 128-57.4 128-128S582.6 32 512 32H120c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24v232c0 53 43 96 96 96zM512 96c35.3 0 64 28.7 64 64s-28.7 64-64 64h-32V96h32zm47.7 384H48.3c-47.6 0-61-64-36-64h583.3c25 0 11.8 64-35.9 64z"/></svg> 10 min break --- ## 2. Intuition ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M208 0c-29.9 0-54.7 20.5-61.8 48.2-.8 0-1.4-.2-2.2-.2-35.3 0-64 28.7-64 64 0 4.8.6 9.5 1.7 14C52.5 138 32 166.6 32 200c0 12.6 3.2 24.3 8.3 34.9C16.3 248.7 0 274.3 0 304c0 33.3 20.4 61.9 49.4 73.9-.9 4.6-1.4 9.3-1.4 14.1 0 39.8 32.2 72 72 72 4.1 0 8.1-.5 12-1.2 9.6 28.5 36.2 49.2 68 49.2 39.8 0 72-32.2 72-72V64c0-35.3-28.7-64-64-64zm368 304c0-29.7-16.3-55.3-40.3-69.1 5.2-10.6 8.3-22.3 8.3-34.9 0-33.4-20.5-62-49.7-74 1-4.5 1.7-9.2 1.7-14 0-35.3-28.7-64-64-64-.8 0-1.5.2-2.2.2C422.7 20.5 397.9 0 368 0c-35.3 0-64 28.6-64 64v376c0 39.8 32.2 72 72 72 31.8 0 58.4-20.7 68-49.2 3.9.7 7.9 1.2 12 1.2 39.8 0 72-32.2 72-72 0-4.8-.5-9.5-1.4-14.1 29-12 49.4-40.6 49.4-73.9z"/></svg> Computers: Dumb ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;width:1em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"/></svg> Activity: What does this mean? ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="height:1em;width:0.88em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M257.5 445.1l-22.2 22.2c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L7 273c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L201.4 44.7c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.2 22.2c9.5 9.5 9.3 25-.4 34.3L136.6 216H424c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v32c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24H136.6l120.5 114.8c9.8 9.3 10 24.8.4 34.3z"/></svg> Paradigms: Symbols, Objects, and Values ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 640 512" style="height:1em;width:1.25em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:green;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M192 384h192c53 0 96-43 96-96h32c70.6 0 128-57.4 128-128S582.6 32 512 32H120c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24v232c0 53 43 96 96 96zM512 96c35.3 0 64 28.7 64 64s-28.7 64-64 64h-32V96h32zm47.7 384H48.3c-47.6 0-61-64-36-64h583.3c25 0 11.8 64-35.9 64z"/></svg> 10 min break --- ## 3. Navigation ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 581 512" style="height:1em;width:1.13em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M581 226.6C581 119.1 450.9 32 290.5 32S0 119.1 0 226.6C0 322.4 103.3 402 239.4 418.1V480h99.1v-61.5c24.3-2.7 47.6-7.4 69.4-13.9L448 480h112l-67.4-113.7c54.5-35.4 88.4-84.9 88.4-139.7zm-466.8 14.5c0-73.5 98.9-133 220.8-133s211.9 40.7 211.9 133c0 50.1-26.5 85-70.3 106.4-2.4-1.6-4.7-2.9-6.4-3.7-10.2-5.2-27.8-10.5-27.8-10.5s86.6-6.4 86.6-92.7-90.6-87.9-90.6-87.9h-199V361c-74.1-21.5-125.2-67.1-125.2-119.9zm225.1 38.3v-55.6c57.8 0 87.8-6.8 87.8 27.3 0 36.5-38.2 28.3-87.8 28.3zm-.9 72.5H365c10.8 0 18.9 11.7 24 19.2-16.1 1.9-33 2.8-50.6 2.9v-22.1z"/></svg> Setup ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;width:1em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:#61acf0;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M285.363 207.475c0 18.6-9.831 28.431-28.431 28.431h-29.876v-56.14h23.378c28.668 0 34.929 8.773 34.929 27.709zM504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM363.411 360.414c-46.729-84.825-43.299-78.636-44.702-80.98 23.432-15.172 37.945-42.979 37.945-74.486 0-54.244-31.5-89.252-105.498-89.252h-70.667c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24V372c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h22.567c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24v-71.663h25.556l44.129 82.937a24.001 24.001 0 0 0 21.188 12.727h24.464c18.261-.001 29.829-19.591 21.018-35.587z"/></svg> RStudio and R Files ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 496 512" style="height:1em;width:0.97em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:#61acf0;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M248 8C111 8 0 119 0 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S385 8 248 8zm200 248c0 22.5-3.9 44.2-10.8 64.4h-20.3c-4.3 0-8.4-1.7-11.4-4.8l-32-32.6c-4.5-4.6-4.5-12.1.1-16.7l12.5-12.5v-8.7c0-3-1.2-5.9-3.3-8l-9.4-9.4c-2.1-2.1-5-3.3-8-3.3h-16c-6.2 0-11.3-5.1-11.3-11.3 0-3 1.2-5.9 3.3-8l9.4-9.4c2.1-2.1 5-3.3 8-3.3h32c6.2 0 11.3-5.1 11.3-11.3v-9.4c0-6.2-5.1-11.3-11.3-11.3h-36.7c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v4.5c0 6.9-4.4 13-10.9 15.2l-31.6 10.5c-3.3 1.1-5.5 4.1-5.5 7.6v2.2c0 4.4-3.6 8-8 8h-16c-4.4 0-8-3.6-8-8s-3.6-8-8-8H247c-3 0-5.8 1.7-7.2 4.4l-9.4 18.7c-2.7 5.4-8.2 8.8-14.3 8.8H194c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V199c0-4.2 1.7-8.3 4.7-11.3l20.1-20.1c4.6-4.6 7.2-10.9 7.2-17.5 0-3.4 2.2-6.5 5.5-7.6l40-13.3c1.7-.6 3.2-1.5 4.4-2.7l26.8-26.8c2.1-2.1 3.3-5 3.3-8 0-6.2-5.1-11.3-11.3-11.3H258l-16 16v8c0 4.4-3.6 8-8 8h-16c-4.4 0-8-3.6-8-8v-20c0-2.5 1.2-4.9 3.2-6.4l28.9-21.7c1.9-.1 3.8-.3 5.7-.3C358.3 56 448 145.7 448 256zM130.1 149.1c0-3 1.2-5.9 3.3-8l25.4-25.4c2.1-2.1 5-3.3 8-3.3 6.2 0 11.3 5.1 11.3 11.3v16c0 3-1.2 5.9-3.3 8l-9.4 9.4c-2.1 2.1-5 3.3-8 3.3h-16c-6.2 0-11.3-5.1-11.3-11.3zm128 306.4v-7.1c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16h-20.2c-10.8 0-26.7-5.3-35.4-11.8l-22.2-16.7c-11.5-8.6-18.2-22.1-18.2-36.4v-23.9c0-16 8.4-30.8 22.1-39l42.9-25.7c7.1-4.2 15.2-6.5 23.4-6.5h31.2c10.9 0 21.4 3.9 29.6 10.9l43.2 37.1h18.3c8.5 0 16.6 3.4 22.6 9.4l17.3 17.3c3.4 3.4 8.1 5.3 12.9 5.3H423c-32.4 58.9-93.8 99.5-164.9 103.1z"/></svg> Assignment and Environments ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 640 512" style="height:1em;width:1.25em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:#61acf0;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M160 224v64h320v-64c0-35.3 28.7-64 64-64h32c0-53-43-96-96-96H160c-53 0-96 43-96 96h32c35.3 0 64 28.7 64 64zm416-32h-32c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v96H128v-96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32H64c-35.3 0-64 28.7-64 64 0 23.6 13 44 32 55.1V432c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16h64c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16v-16h384v16c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16h64c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V311.1c19-11.1 32-31.5 32-55.1 0-35.3-28.7-64-64-64z"/></svg> Activity: Did you buy new furniture? ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 416 512" style="height:1em;width:0.81em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:green;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M272 96c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48S298.51 0 272 0s-48 21.49-48 48 21.49 48 48 48zM113.69 317.47l-14.8 34.52H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32s14.33 32 32 32h77.45c19.25 0 36.58-11.44 44.11-29.09l8.79-20.52-10.67-6.3c-17.32-10.23-30.06-25.37-37.99-42.61zM384 223.99h-44.03l-26.06-53.25c-12.5-25.55-35.45-44.23-61.78-50.94l-71.08-21.14c-28.3-6.8-57.77-.55-80.84 17.14l-39.67 30.41c-14.03 10.75-16.69 30.83-5.92 44.86s30.84 16.66 44.86 5.92l39.69-30.41c7.67-5.89 17.44-8 25.27-6.14l14.7 4.37-37.46 87.39c-12.62 29.48-1.31 64.01 26.3 80.31l84.98 50.17-27.47 87.73c-5.28 16.86 4.11 34.81 20.97 40.09 3.19 1 6.41 1.48 9.58 1.48 13.61 0 26.23-8.77 30.52-22.45l31.64-101.06c5.91-20.77-2.89-43.08-21.64-54.39l-61.24-36.14 31.31-78.28 20.27 41.43c8 16.34 24.92 26.89 43.11 26.89H384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32s-14.33-31.99-32-31.99z"/></svg> Byeee .footnote[.saltinline[Blue icon: interacting with R]] --- class: middle, center # .raininline[Agenda: Saturday (Part II)] --- ## 0. Friday Recap ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 581 512" style="height:1em;width:1.13em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M581 226.6C581 119.1 450.9 32 290.5 32S0 119.1 0 226.6C0 322.4 103.3 402 239.4 418.1V480h99.1v-61.5c24.3-2.7 47.6-7.4 69.4-13.9L448 480h112l-67.4-113.7c54.5-35.4 88.4-84.9 88.4-139.7zm-466.8 14.5c0-73.5 98.9-133 220.8-133s211.9 40.7 211.9 133c0 50.1-26.5 85-70.3 106.4-2.4-1.6-4.7-2.9-6.4-3.7-10.2-5.2-27.8-10.5-27.8-10.5s86.6-6.4 86.6-92.7-90.6-87.9-90.6-87.9h-199V361c-74.1-21.5-125.2-67.1-125.2-119.9zm225.1 38.3v-55.6c57.8 0 87.8-6.8 87.8 27.3 0 36.5-38.2 28.3-87.8 28.3zm-.9 72.5H365c10.8 0 18.9 11.7 24 19.2-16.1 1.9-33 2.8-50.6 2.9v-22.1z"/></svg> What is R? ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 581 512" style="height:1em;width:1.13em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M581 226.6C581 119.1 450.9 32 290.5 32S0 119.1 0 226.6C0 322.4 103.3 402 239.4 418.1V480h99.1v-61.5c24.3-2.7 47.6-7.4 69.4-13.9L448 480h112l-67.4-113.7c54.5-35.4 88.4-84.9 88.4-139.7zm-466.8 14.5c0-73.5 98.9-133 220.8-133s211.9 40.7 211.9 133c0 50.1-26.5 85-70.3 106.4-2.4-1.6-4.7-2.9-6.4-3.7-10.2-5.2-27.8-10.5-27.8-10.5s86.6-6.4 86.6-92.7-90.6-87.9-90.6-87.9h-199V361c-74.1-21.5-125.2-67.1-125.2-119.9zm225.1 38.3v-55.6c57.8 0 87.8-6.8 87.8 27.3 0 36.5-38.2 28.3-87.8 28.3zm-.9 72.5H365c10.8 0 18.9 11.7 24 19.2-16.1 1.9-33 2.8-50.6 2.9v-22.1z"/></svg> Setup, RStudio, and R Files ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 496 512" style="height:1em;width:0.97em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M248 8C111 8 0 119 0 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S385 8 248 8zm200 248c0 22.5-3.9 44.2-10.8 64.4h-20.3c-4.3 0-8.4-1.7-11.4-4.8l-32-32.6c-4.5-4.6-4.5-12.1.1-16.7l12.5-12.5v-8.7c0-3-1.2-5.9-3.3-8l-9.4-9.4c-2.1-2.1-5-3.3-8-3.3h-16c-6.2 0-11.3-5.1-11.3-11.3 0-3 1.2-5.9 3.3-8l9.4-9.4c2.1-2.1 5-3.3 8-3.3h32c6.2 0 11.3-5.1 11.3-11.3v-9.4c0-6.2-5.1-11.3-11.3-11.3h-36.7c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v4.5c0 6.9-4.4 13-10.9 15.2l-31.6 10.5c-3.3 1.1-5.5 4.1-5.5 7.6v2.2c0 4.4-3.6 8-8 8h-16c-4.4 0-8-3.6-8-8s-3.6-8-8-8H247c-3 0-5.8 1.7-7.2 4.4l-9.4 18.7c-2.7 5.4-8.2 8.8-14.3 8.8H194c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V199c0-4.2 1.7-8.3 4.7-11.3l20.1-20.1c4.6-4.6 7.2-10.9 7.2-17.5 0-3.4 2.2-6.5 5.5-7.6l40-13.3c1.7-.6 3.2-1.5 4.4-2.7l26.8-26.8c2.1-2.1 3.3-5 3.3-8 0-6.2-5.1-11.3-11.3-11.3H258l-16 16v8c0 4.4-3.6 8-8 8h-16c-4.4 0-8-3.6-8-8v-20c0-2.5 1.2-4.9 3.2-6.4l28.9-21.7c1.9-.1 3.8-.3 5.7-.3C358.3 56 448 145.7 448 256zM130.1 149.1c0-3 1.2-5.9 3.3-8l25.4-25.4c2.1-2.1 5-3.3 8-3.3 6.2 0 11.3 5.1 11.3 11.3v16c0 3-1.2 5.9-3.3 8l-9.4 9.4c-2.1 2.1-5 3.3-8 3.3h-16c-6.2 0-11.3-5.1-11.3-11.3zm128 306.4v-7.1c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16h-20.2c-10.8 0-26.7-5.3-35.4-11.8l-22.2-16.7c-11.5-8.6-18.2-22.1-18.2-36.4v-23.9c0-16 8.4-30.8 22.1-39l42.9-25.7c7.1-4.2 15.2-6.5 23.4-6.5h31.2c10.9 0 21.4 3.9 29.6 10.9l43.2 37.1h18.3c8.5 0 16.6 3.4 22.6 9.4l17.3 17.3c3.4 3.4 8.1 5.3 12.9 5.3H423c-32.4 58.9-93.8 99.5-164.9 103.1z"/></svg> Paradigms: Objects, Assignment, and Environments --- ## 1. Speaking the Language ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M288 32C128.94 32 0 160.94 0 320c0 52.8 14.25 102.26 39.06 144.8 5.61 9.62 16.3 15.2 27.44 15.2h443c11.14 0 21.83-5.58 27.44-15.2C561.75 422.26 576 372.8 576 320c0-159.06-128.94-288-288-288zm0 64c14.71 0 26.58 10.13 30.32 23.65-1.11 2.26-2.64 4.23-3.45 6.67l-9.22 27.67c-5.13 3.49-10.97 6.01-17.64 6.01-17.67 0-32-14.33-32-32S270.33 96 288 96zM96 384c-17.67 0-32-14.33-32-32s14.33-32 32-32 32 14.33 32 32-14.33 32-32 32zm48-160c-17.67 0-32-14.33-32-32s14.33-32 32-32 32 14.33 32 32-14.33 32-32 32zm246.77-72.41l-61.33 184C343.13 347.33 352 364.54 352 384c0 11.72-3.38 22.55-8.88 32H232.88c-5.5-9.45-8.88-20.28-8.88-32 0-33.94 26.5-61.43 59.9-63.59l61.34-184.01c4.17-12.56 17.73-19.45 30.36-15.17 12.57 4.19 19.35 17.79 15.17 30.36zm14.66 57.2l15.52-46.55c3.47-1.29 7.13-2.23 11.05-2.23 17.67 0 32 14.33 32 32s-14.33 32-32 32c-11.38-.01-20.89-6.28-26.57-15.22zM480 384c-17.67 0-32-14.33-32-32s14.33-32 32-32 32 14.33 32 32-14.33 32-32 32z"/></svg> Activity: Speed Dating ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 640 512" style="height:1em;width:1.25em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M152.1 236.2c-3.5-12.1-7.8-33.2-7.8-33.2h-.5s-4.3 21.1-7.8 33.2l-11.1 37.5H163zM616 96H336v320h280c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24V120c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24zm-24 120c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-11.4c-6.9 23.6-21.7 47.4-42.7 69.9 8.4 6.4 17.1 12.5 26.1 18 5.5 3.4 7.3 10.5 4.1 16.2l-7.9 13.9c-3.4 5.9-10.9 7.8-16.7 4.3-12.6-7.8-24.5-16.1-35.4-24.9-10.9 8.7-22.7 17.1-35.4 24.9-5.8 3.5-13.3 1.6-16.7-4.3l-7.9-13.9c-3.2-5.6-1.4-12.8 4.2-16.2 9.3-5.7 18-11.7 26.1-18-7.9-8.4-14.9-17-21-25.7-4-5.7-2.2-13.6 3.7-17.1l6.5-3.9 7.3-4.3c5.4-3.2 12.4-1.7 16 3.4 5 7 10.8 14 17.4 20.9 13.5-14.2 23.8-28.9 30-43.2H412c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-16c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h64v-16c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h16c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v16h64c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12zM0 120v272c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h280V96H24c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24zm58.9 216.1L116.4 167c1.7-4.9 6.2-8.1 11.4-8.1h32.5c5.1 0 9.7 3.3 11.4 8.1l57.5 169.1c2.6 7.8-3.1 15.9-11.4 15.9h-22.9a12 12 0 0 1-11.5-8.6l-9.4-31.9h-60.2l-9.1 31.8c-1.5 5.1-6.2 8.7-11.5 8.7H70.3c-8.2 0-14-8.1-11.4-15.9z"/></svg> Objects: The Words of R ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;width:1em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M488.6 250.2L392 214V105.5c0-15-9.3-28.4-23.4-33.7l-100-37.5c-8.1-3.1-17.1-3.1-25.3 0l-100 37.5c-14.1 5.3-23.4 18.7-23.4 33.7V214l-96.6 36.2C9.3 255.5 0 268.9 0 283.9V394c0 13.6 7.7 26.1 19.9 32.2l100 50c10.1 5.1 22.1 5.1 32.2 0l103.9-52 103.9 52c10.1 5.1 22.1 5.1 32.2 0l100-50c12.2-6.1 19.9-18.6 19.9-32.2V283.9c0-15-9.3-28.4-23.4-33.7zM358 214.8l-85 31.9v-68.2l85-37v73.3zM154 104.1l102-38.2 102 38.2v.6l-102 41.4-102-41.4v-.6zm84 291.1l-85 42.5v-79.1l85-38.8v75.4zm0-112l-102 41.4-102-41.4v-.6l102-38.2 102 38.2v.6zm240 112l-85 42.5v-79.1l85-38.8v75.4zm0-112l-102 41.4-102-41.4v-.6l102-38.2 102 38.2v.6z"/></svg> Data Types & Data Structures ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;width:1em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M160 288h-56c-4.42 0-8-3.58-8-8v-16c0-4.42 3.58-8 8-8h56v-64h-56c-4.42 0-8-3.58-8-8v-16c0-4.42 3.58-8 8-8h56V96h-56c-4.42 0-8-3.58-8-8V72c0-4.42 3.58-8 8-8h56V32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32H32C14.33 0 0 14.33 0 32v448c0 2.77.91 5.24 1.57 7.8L160 329.38V288zm320 64h-32v56c0 4.42-3.58 8-8 8h-16c-4.42 0-8-3.58-8-8v-56h-64v56c0 4.42-3.58 8-8 8h-16c-4.42 0-8-3.58-8-8v-56h-64v56c0 4.42-3.58 8-8 8h-16c-4.42 0-8-3.58-8-8v-56h-41.37L24.2 510.43c2.56.66 5.04 1.57 7.8 1.57h448c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-96c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z"/></svg> Vectors and Vectorization ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 640 512" style="height:1em;width:1.25em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:green;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M192 384h192c53 0 96-43 96-96h32c70.6 0 128-57.4 128-128S582.6 32 512 32H120c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24v232c0 53 43 96 96 96zM512 96c35.3 0 64 28.7 64 64s-28.7 64-64 64h-32V96h32zm47.7 384H48.3c-47.6 0-61-64-36-64h583.3c25 0 11.8 64-35.9 64z"/></svg> 15 min break --- ## 2. Nouns ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;width:1em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M464 32H48C21.49 32 0 53.49 0 80v352c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h416c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V80c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM224 416H64v-96h160v96zm0-160H64v-96h160v96zm224 160H288v-96h160v96zm0-160H288v-96h160v96z"/></svg> Data frames ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;width:1em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:#61acf0;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M502.63 217.06L294.94 9.37C288.69 3.12 280.5 0 272.31 0s-16.38 3.12-22.62 9.37l-81.58 81.58L81.93 4.77c-6.24-6.25-16.38-6.25-22.62 0L36.69 27.38c-6.24 6.25-6.24 16.38 0 22.63l86.19 86.18-94.76 94.76c-37.49 37.49-37.49 98.26 0 135.75l117.19 117.19c18.75 18.74 43.31 28.12 67.87 28.12 24.57 0 49.13-9.37 67.88-28.12l221.57-221.57c12.49-12.5 12.49-32.76 0-45.26zm-116.22 70.97H65.93c1.36-3.84 3.57-7.98 7.43-11.83l13.15-13.15 81.61-81.61 58.61 58.6c12.49 12.49 32.75 12.49 45.24 0 12.49-12.49 12.49-32.75 0-45.24l-58.61-58.6 58.95-58.95 162.45 162.44-48.35 48.34z"/></svg> Importing and Exporting Data ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 640 512" style="height:1em;width:1.25em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:#61acf0;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M496.616 372.639l70.012-70.012c16.899-16.9 9.942-45.771-12.836-53.092L512 236.102V96c0-17.673-14.327-32-32-32h-64V24c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24H248c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v40h-64c-17.673 0-32 14.327-32 32v140.102l-41.792 13.433c-22.753 7.313-29.754 36.173-12.836 53.092l70.012 70.012C125.828 416.287 85.587 448 24 448c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v16c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24 61.023 0 107.499-20.61 143.258-59.396C181.677 487.432 216.021 512 256 512h128c39.979 0 74.323-24.568 88.742-59.396C508.495 491.384 554.968 512 616 512c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24v-16c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24-60.817 0-101.542-31.001-119.384-75.361zM192 128h256v87.531l-118.208-37.995a31.995 31.995 0 0 0-19.584 0L192 215.531V128z"/></svg> Activity: Row, Row, Row Your Boat ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 640 512" style="height:1em;width:1.25em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:green;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M192 384h192c53 0 96-43 96-96h32c70.6 0 128-57.4 128-128S582.6 32 512 32H120c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24v232c0 53 43 96 96 96zM512 96c35.3 0 64 28.7 64 64s-28.7 64-64 64h-32V96h32zm47.7 384H48.3c-47.6 0-61-64-36-64h583.3c25 0 11.8 64-35.9 64z"/></svg> 15 min break .footnote[.saltinline[Blue icon: interacting with R]] --- ## 3. Verbs ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 581 512" style="height:1em;width:1.13em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M581 226.6C581 119.1 450.9 32 290.5 32S0 119.1 0 226.6C0 322.4 103.3 402 239.4 418.1V480h99.1v-61.5c24.3-2.7 47.6-7.4 69.4-13.9L448 480h112l-67.4-113.7c54.5-35.4 88.4-84.9 88.4-139.7zm-466.8 14.5c0-73.5 98.9-133 220.8-133s211.9 40.7 211.9 133c0 50.1-26.5 85-70.3 106.4-2.4-1.6-4.7-2.9-6.4-3.7-10.2-5.2-27.8-10.5-27.8-10.5s86.6-6.4 86.6-92.7-90.6-87.9-90.6-87.9h-199V361c-74.1-21.5-125.2-67.1-125.2-119.9zm225.1 38.3v-55.6c57.8 0 87.8-6.8 87.8 27.3 0 36.5-38.2 28.3-87.8 28.3zm-.9 72.5H365c10.8 0 18.9 11.7 24 19.2-16.1 1.9-33 2.8-50.6 2.9v-22.1z"/></svg> Functions ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 384 512" style="height:1em;width:0.75em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:#61acf0;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M97.333 506.966c-129.874-129.874-129.681-340.252 0-469.933 5.698-5.698 14.527-6.632 21.263-2.422l64.817 40.513a17.187 17.187 0 0 1 6.849 20.958l-32.408 81.021a17.188 17.188 0 0 1-17.669 10.719l-55.81-5.58c-21.051 58.261-20.612 122.471 0 179.515l55.811-5.581a17.188 17.188 0 0 1 17.669 10.719l32.408 81.022a17.188 17.188 0 0 1-6.849 20.958l-64.817 40.513a17.19 17.19 0 0 1-21.264-2.422zM247.126 95.473c11.832 20.047 11.832 45.008 0 65.055-3.95 6.693-13.108 7.959-18.718 2.581l-5.975-5.726c-3.911-3.748-4.793-9.622-2.261-14.41a32.063 32.063 0 0 0 0-29.945c-2.533-4.788-1.65-10.662 2.261-14.41l5.975-5.726c5.61-5.378 14.768-4.112 18.718 2.581zm91.787-91.187c60.14 71.604 60.092 175.882 0 247.428-4.474 5.327-12.53 5.746-17.552.933l-5.798-5.557c-4.56-4.371-4.977-11.529-.93-16.379 49.687-59.538 49.646-145.933 0-205.422-4.047-4.85-3.631-12.008.93-16.379l5.798-5.557c5.022-4.813 13.078-4.394 17.552.933zm-45.972 44.941c36.05 46.322 36.108 111.149 0 157.546-4.39 5.641-12.697 6.251-17.856 1.304l-5.818-5.579c-4.4-4.219-4.998-11.095-1.285-15.931 26.536-34.564 26.534-82.572 0-117.134-3.713-4.836-3.115-11.711 1.285-15.931l5.818-5.579c5.159-4.947 13.466-4.337 17.856 1.304z"/></svg> Arguments and Calling ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 496 512" style="height:1em;width:0.97em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:#61acf0;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M248 8C111.03 8 0 119.03 0 256s111.03 248 248 248 248-111.03 248-248S384.97 8 248 8zm82.29 357.6c-3.9 3.88-7.99 7.95-11.31 11.28-2.99 3-5.1 6.7-6.17 10.71-1.51 5.66-2.73 11.38-4.77 16.87l-17.39 46.85c-13.76 3-28 4.69-42.65 4.69v-27.38c1.69-12.62-7.64-36.26-22.63-51.25-6-6-9.37-14.14-9.37-22.63v-32.01c0-11.64-6.27-22.34-16.46-27.97-14.37-7.95-34.81-19.06-48.81-26.11-11.48-5.78-22.1-13.14-31.65-21.75l-.8-.72a114.792 114.792 0 0 1-18.06-20.74c-9.38-13.77-24.66-36.42-34.59-51.14 20.47-45.5 57.36-82.04 103.2-101.89l24.01 12.01C203.48 89.74 216 82.01 216 70.11v-11.3c7.99-1.29 16.12-2.11 24.39-2.42l28.3 28.3c6.25 6.25 6.25 16.38 0 22.63L264 112l-10.34 10.34c-3.12 3.12-3.12 8.19 0 11.31l4.69 4.69c3.12 3.12 3.12 8.19 0 11.31l-8 8a8.008 8.008 0 0 1-5.66 2.34h-8.99c-2.08 0-4.08.81-5.58 2.27l-9.92 9.65a8.008 8.008 0 0 0-1.58 9.31l15.59 31.19c2.66 5.32-1.21 11.58-7.15 11.58h-5.64c-1.93 0-3.79-.7-5.24-1.96l-9.28-8.06a16.017 16.017 0 0 0-15.55-3.1l-31.17 10.39a11.95 11.95 0 0 0-8.17 11.34c0 4.53 2.56 8.66 6.61 10.69l11.08 5.54c9.41 4.71 19.79 7.16 30.31 7.16s22.59 27.29 32 32h66.75c8.49 0 16.62 3.37 22.63 9.37l13.69 13.69a30.503 30.503 0 0 1 8.93 21.57 46.536 46.536 0 0 1-13.72 32.98zM417 274.25c-5.79-1.45-10.84-5-14.15-9.97l-17.98-26.97a23.97 23.97 0 0 1 0-26.62l19.59-29.38c2.32-3.47 5.5-6.29 9.24-8.15l12.98-6.49C440.2 193.59 448 223.87 448 256c0 8.67-.74 17.16-1.82 25.54L417 274.25z"/></svg> Activity: Hello World ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 416 512" style="height:1em;width:0.81em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:green;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M272 96c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48S298.51 0 272 0s-48 21.49-48 48 21.49 48 48 48zM113.69 317.47l-14.8 34.52H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32s14.33 32 32 32h77.45c19.25 0 36.58-11.44 44.11-29.09l8.79-20.52-10.67-6.3c-17.32-10.23-30.06-25.37-37.99-42.61zM384 223.99h-44.03l-26.06-53.25c-12.5-25.55-35.45-44.23-61.78-50.94l-71.08-21.14c-28.3-6.8-57.77-.55-80.84 17.14l-39.67 30.41c-14.03 10.75-16.69 30.83-5.92 44.86s30.84 16.66 44.86 5.92l39.69-30.41c7.67-5.89 17.44-8 25.27-6.14l14.7 4.37-37.46 87.39c-12.62 29.48-1.31 64.01 26.3 80.31l84.98 50.17-27.47 87.73c-5.28 16.86 4.11 34.81 20.97 40.09 3.19 1 6.41 1.48 9.58 1.48 13.61 0 26.23-8.77 30.52-22.45l31.64-101.06c5.91-20.77-2.89-43.08-21.64-54.39l-61.24-36.14 31.31-78.28 20.27 41.43c8 16.34 24.92 26.89 43.11 26.89H384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32s-14.33-31.99-32-31.99z"/></svg> Byeee .footnote[.saltinline[Blue icon: interacting with R]] --- class: middle, center # .raininline[Truth or Dare] --- class: middle, center, inverse ### .fatinline[Truth:] You do not need to become a "programmer" -- ### .raininline[Dare:] I dare to believe you could be --- class: middle, center, inverse ### .fatinline[Truth:] You do not need to learn R -- ### .raininline[Dare:] I dare you to try --- class: middle, center, inverse ### .fatinline[Truth:] `SPSS` is much easier to use -- ### .raininline[Dare:] I dare you to unistall it --- class: middle, center, inverse ### .fatinline[Truth:] You do not have time to learn R -- ### .raininline[Dare:] I dare you make time --- class: middle, center, inverse ### .fatinline[Truth:] `R` is a statistical programming language -- ### .raininline[Dare:] I dare you to use it for something else --- class: middle, center, inverse ### .fatinline[Truth:] We all love comfort -- ### .raininline[Dare:] I dare you to be uncomfortable --- class: middle, center, inverse # .fatinline[Truth:] `R` will frustrate you, it make you feel dumb, it's a dance that we aren't naturally comfortable with. --- class: center ### .suninline[**Goal:**] Start dancing, even if you don't know the steps...and keep dancing. <img src="https://media.giphy.com/media/xWeHVBrOlgLDXJoc0m/giphy-downsized-large.gif" height="60%"/> --- class: middle, center, inverse ### .fatinline[We will not talk about statistics nor R applied in a specific setting] -- ### .raininline[We will talk about R] --- class: middle, center, inverse .large[.fancy[Why?]] --- name: justification0 class: middle, center # .raininline[Justification] --- name: justification1 class: middle, center ### This is an .heat[intervention] ### It's time to stop .fancy[wagging the dog], .fancy[putting the cart before the horse], etc. <img src="src/figs/wag-the-dog.gif"/> --- name: justification2 class: middle, inverse, center # 🌶️ .heat[Spicy take] --- name: justification3 class: middle, inverse ### .suninline[An understanding of R is **just as important<sup>2</sup>** as an understanding of statistics and other content areas of psychology.] .footnote[[2] *important* does **not** imply *relevant*] --- name: justification4 class: inverse, middle ## .fancy[Sociomateriality Theory] .large[.center[.fancy[Our work, research, and lives (more generally) are inextricably tied to technology (Orlikowski & Scott, 2006). Thus, a firm understanding of technology is extremely valuable.]]] --- name: justification5 class: inverse, middle .sun[R is **not** *just* a statistical tool; it is a way to communicate with your computer—it is a *software language*.] .rain[This allows you to do some remarkable things: build your resume/cv, find a sense of community, boost your self-esteem, and save time.] --- name: justification0 class: middle, center # .raininline[What Can R Do?] --- class: inverse ### .saltinline[Data Collection] .saltinline[I could write a little program to collect *your* information from GMU's website...] ```r # a custom function to collect student info from gmu get_gmu_students <- function(url, print_results = FALSE) { .page <- rvest::html_elements( xml2::read_html(url), "div.bioBrief" ) .parsed_page <- lapply( .page, \(x) { .x <- rvest::html_text(rvest::html_children(x), trim = TRUE) if (length(.x) == 1L) { .x <- c(.x, NA) } .x } ) .res <- data.frame( student_name = sapply(.parsed_page, `[`, 1), research_interest = sapply(.parsed_page, `[`, 2) ) if (print_results) { return(rmarkdown::paged_table(.res)) } .res } ``` --- ### .saltinline[Data Collection] .saltinline[Maybe I want the research interests of the HFAC PhD students.] <style type="text/css"> /* Table width = 100% max-width */ .remark-slide table{ width: 50%; } /* Change the background color to white for shaded rows (even rows) */ .remark-slide thead, .remark-slide tr:nth-child(2n) { background-color: white; } </style> ```r get_gmu_students("https://psychology.gmu.edu/student-bios/hf-phd-students", print_results = TRUE) ``` <div data-pagedtable="false"> <script data-pagedtable-source type="application/json"> {"columns":[{"label":["student_name"],"name":[1],"type":["chr"],"align":["left"]},{"label":["research_interest"],"name":[2],"type":["chr"],"align":["left"]}],"data":[{"1":"Allegra M Ayala","2":"Human Factors/Applied Cognition"},{"1":"Jose A Calvo","2":"Human Factors/Applied Cognition: Driver Safety, Naturalistic Driving, Autonomous Vehicles, Driver Behavior"},{"1":"KRISTIN Carpenter","2":"Human Factors/Applied Cognition: Cognitive Development, Developmental Neuroscience, Educational Interventions, Literacy, Dyslexia"},{"1":"Dean Cisler","2":"Human Factors/Applied Cognition"},{"1":"Ryon Ryon Cumings","2":"NA"},{"1":"Erika P De Los Santos","2":"Human Factors/Applied Cognition: Cognitive training, stress resilience, vigilance, attention, working memory, simulation training, serious games, virtual environments"},{"1":"Nicholas Gazzia","2":"Human Factors/Applied Cognition"},{"1":"Ami Getu","2":"Human Factors/Applied Cognition"},{"1":"Kyle Hunter Hickerson","2":"Human Factors/Applied Cognition: Autonomous Vehicles, Trust in Automation, Aggressive Driving, Virtual Reality"},{"1":"Kenneth Jackson","2":"Human Factors/Applied Cognition: Human Performance, Wearable Technology, Multi-Tasking, Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, Trust in Automation"},{"1":"Noushin Jamaatlou","2":"Human Factors/Applied Cognition"},{"1":"Liam Kettle","2":"Human Factors/Applied Cognition"},{"1":"Min Ji Kim","2":"Human Factors/Applied Cognition"},{"1":"Spencer Kohn","2":"Human Factors/Applied Cognition: Trust in Automation, Trust Repair, & Human-Automation Teams"},{"1":"Tomas Lapnas","2":"Human Factors/Applied Cognition"},{"1":"Amie Mackay","2":"Human Factors/Applied Cognition"},{"1":"Kara Masick","2":"NA"},{"1":"Ryan McGarry","2":"Human Factors/Applied Cognition: Distribution of Visual Attention, Cognitive Aging, and Cognitive Training using EEG and MRI"},{"1":"Justin Mensen","2":"Human Factors/Applied Cognition: Sustained Attention and Vigilance"},{"1":"Ali Momen","2":"Human Factors/Applied Cognition: Neuroscience, Social Psychology, and Robotics"},{"1":"Salim Adam Mouloua","2":"Neuroimaging using fNIRS and EEG/ERPs, Vigilance Decrement & Increment, Simulation Design, Extended Reality, and Neuromodulation"},{"1":"Rachel Nguyen","2":"Human Factors/Applied Cognition: Visual Attention and Search, Perception, Visuo-spatial Cognition, Augmented/ Virtual Reality"},{"1":"Raul Gabriel Ramirez","2":"Human Factors/Applied Cognition: Sustained Attention, Workload, Physiological Workload Measures"},{"1":"Andres Rosero","2":"Human Factors/Applied Cognition"},{"1":"Heath Heath Sharp","2":"Human Factors/Applied Cognition: Trust in Automation, Trust Resiliency, and Trust Repair"},{"1":"Stephanie Tulk","2":"Human Factors/Applied Cognition: Human-Computer Interaction, Human-Robot Interaction, Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Modeling, Artificial Intelligence and Citizen Science"}],"options":{"columns":{"min":{},"max":[10]},"rows":{"min":[10],"max":[10]},"pages":{}}} </script> </div> --- ### .saltinline[Data Collection] .saltinline[Or the research interests of the ADP PhD students.] ```r get_gmu_students("https://psychology.gmu.edu/student-bios/adp-phd-students", print_results = TRUE) ``` <div data-pagedtable="false"> <script data-pagedtable-source type="application/json"> {"columns":[{"label":["student_name"],"name":[1],"type":["chr"],"align":["left"]},{"label":["research_interest"],"name":[2],"type":["chr"],"align":["left"]}],"data":[{"1":"Alena N Alegrado","2":"Predictors and outcomes of in-school music enrollment"},{"1":"Rebecca Correll","2":"Applied Developmental Psychology: Parenting, autism, early intervention, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)"},{"1":"Marissa Davila","2":"NA"},{"1":"negar Fatahi","2":"NA"},{"1":"Lamin Fatty","2":"Applied Developmental Psychology: Child play, parent-child playful interactions, and parenting in relation to child social and emotional development"},{"1":"Vera Hawa","2":"Applied Developmental Psychology"},{"1":"Alison Hundertmark","2":"Applied Developmental Psychology: language development, early childhood learning environments, interventions serving disadvantaged communities"},{"1":"Haoyu Lin","2":"Applied Developmental Psychology: Early Childhood Social Emotional Developmental and Intervention"},{"1":"Victor M Ortiz Cortes","2":"Applied Developmental Psychology"},{"1":"Darian F Stapleton","2":"Applied Developmental Psychology: Pretend Play, Imagination, Video Games, Creativity, Psychology of the Arts"},{"1":"Nicole Stucke","2":"Applied Developmental Psychology: executive function; social cognition; intervention"},{"1":"Megan Stutesman","2":"Applied Developmental Psychology: Embodied cognition, social cognition, social and emotional development, psychology of the arts"},{"1":"Tevis L Tucker","2":"Applied Developmental Psychology: Student persistence within in-school music electives; role of school transition and musical instrument choice"},{"1":"Nicole White","2":"Applied Developmental Psychology"},{"1":"DaSean L. Young","2":"Applied Developmental Psychology: Discrimination, Social Dynamics, The Marching Arts, Intergroup Contact, Race and Sexuality"}],"options":{"columns":{"min":{},"max":[10]},"rows":{"min":[10],"max":[10]},"pages":{}}} </script> </div> --- ### .saltinline[Data Visualization] .saltinline[Or all the students on GMU's People Page.] ```r # here are the program abbreviations concentration <- c("adp", "cl", "cbn", "hf", "io") # we can combine them with degree urls <- c(paste0(concentration[-2],"-ma-students"), paste0(concentration,"-phd-students")) # get student data from each program all_students <- lapply( paste0("https://psychology.gmu.edu/student-bios/", urls), \(x) { .x <- get_gmu_students(x) .tmp <- strsplit(gsub(".*\\/([a-z]+)\\-(ma|phd)\\-students$", "\\1;\\2", x, perl = T ), ";") setNames( data.frame(do.call(rbind, .tmp), .x), c("concentration", "degree", names(.x)) ) } ) # combine data into one dataset all_students <- do.call(rbind, all_students) ``` --- <div id="htmlwidget-c6e151c93b4b44240f82" style="width:504px;height:504px;" class="collapsibleTree html-widget"></div> <script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-c6e151c93b4b44240f82">{"x":{"data":{"name":"GMU Psychology","children":[{"name":"adp","children":[{"name":"ma","children":[{"name":"Juliet Brisbane"},{"name":"John Ciampa"},{"name":"Heather Geer"},{"name":"Elena Geier"},{"name":"Emma C Gregory"},{"name":"Sarah Hussain"},{"name":"Esther Mun"},{"name":"Elana Norman"},{"name":"Gabrielle Norvell"},{"name":"Maria Theresa Pachtman"},{"name":"Kara Poorbaugh"},{"name":"NyAsia Taleigha Reid"},{"name":"Sumukhi Vaid"},{"name":"Kara Watrud"},{"name":"Colin Weiss"},{"name":"Sedona Whitmore"}]},{"name":"phd","children":[{"name":"Alena N Alegrado"},{"name":"Rebecca Correll"},{"name":"Marissa Davila"},{"name":"negar Fatahi"},{"name":"Lamin Fatty"},{"name":"Vera Hawa"},{"name":"Alison Hundertmark"},{"name":"Haoyu Lin"},{"name":"Victor M Ortiz Cortes"},{"name":"Darian F Stapleton"},{"name":"Nicole Stucke"},{"name":"Megan Stutesman"},{"name":"Tevis L Tucker"},{"name":"Nicole White"},{"name":"DaSean L. Young"}]}]},{"name":"cbn","children":[{"name":"ma","children":[{"name":"Lindsay Allen"},{"name":"Alexis Bielak"},{"name":"Hannah Crockett"},{"name":"Morgan DeHart"},{"name":"Ankita Dey"},{"name":"Colleen Gerrity"},{"name":"Tatiana Gervase"},{"name":"Allison Haddad"},{"name":"Rafael Hoyos Justiniano"},{"name":"Egette Indelele"},{"name":"Peter Kakalec"},{"name":"Dan Kingsley"},{"name":"Michael Lamarche"},{"name":"Valerie Matson"},{"name":"Madelaina Matz"},{"name":"Nicholas Racine"},{"name":"Chris Rios"},{"name":"Rebecca Roy"},{"name":"Emily Sckalor"},{"name":"Karolina Sharma"},{"name":"Iris Talebi"},{"name":"Christina Wheeler"},{"name":"Amanda Wilkins"}]},{"name":"phd","children":[{"name":"Brianna L Artz"},{"name":"Rachel Barkey"},{"name":"Aaron B Booth"},{"name":"Erin Doherty"},{"name":"Elizabeth Esser-Adomako"},{"name":"Keri Anne Gladhill"},{"name":"Eslam Hassan"},{"name":"Isabella Lalena"},{"name":"Lawrence Minnis"},{"name":"Chloe Mondok"},{"name":"Samuel Neff"},{"name":"Richard Ogoe"},{"name":"Karin Alicia Pedemonte"},{"name":"Allison Petrie"},{"name":"Vjosa Poshka"},{"name":"Laura Rabbitt"},{"name":"Emily Linda Richard"},{"name":"Lindsay S. Shaffer"},{"name":"Candice T. Stanfield-Wiswell"},{"name":"Grace Wild"},{"name":"Logan Woodhouse"}]}]},{"name":"hf","children":[{"name":"ma","children":[{"name":"Madison Bagci"},{"name":"Shuan Chan"},{"name":"John Cliburn"},{"name":"Brendan Corr"},{"name":"Robert T Cummings"},{"name":"Ayobami Fakulujo"},{"name":"Lawrence Fitzmorris"},{"name":"Malika Hicks"},{"name":"Harris Kelly"},{"name":"Molly Kluck"},{"name":"Hannah Lettie"},{"name":"Brent Maravilla"},{"name":"Madeleine McCarty"},{"name":"Jessica Elizabeth Mcdonough"},{"name":"Lydia Beth Melles"},{"name":"Mary Nichols"},{"name":"Kassidy Simpson"},{"name":"Noah Sutton"},{"name":"Sean Thayer"},{"name":"Marissa Toma"},{"name":"Chelsea Young"},{"name":"Zhengchen Zhou"}]},{"name":"phd","children":[{"name":"Allegra M Ayala"},{"name":"Jose A Calvo"},{"name":"KRISTIN Carpenter"},{"name":"Dean Cisler"},{"name":"Ryon Ryon Cumings"},{"name":"Erika P De Los Santos"},{"name":"Nicholas Gazzia"},{"name":"Ami Getu"},{"name":"Kyle Hunter Hickerson"},{"name":"Kenneth Jackson"},{"name":"Noushin Jamaatlou"},{"name":"Liam Kettle"},{"name":"Min Ji Kim"},{"name":"Spencer Kohn"},{"name":"Tomas Lapnas"},{"name":"Amie Mackay"},{"name":"Kara Masick"},{"name":"Ryan McGarry"},{"name":"Justin Mensen"},{"name":"Ali Momen"},{"name":"Salim Adam Mouloua"},{"name":"Rachel Nguyen"},{"name":"Raul Gabriel Ramirez"},{"name":"Andres Rosero"},{"name":"Heath Heath Sharp"},{"name":"Stephanie Tulk"}]}]},{"name":"io","children":[{"name":"ma","children":[{"name":"Yasmeen Afsar"},{"name":"Natalia Aguilar"},{"name":"Sofie Alexandrides"},{"name":"Nicole Aranda"},{"name":"Georgia Bizzell"},{"name":"Chelsea Blocker"},{"name":"Benjamin Calilao"},{"name":"Elizabeth Chimento"},{"name":"Yvette Claros"},{"name":"Isabella Cosentino"},{"name":"Deborah Fashole-Luke"},{"name":"Emily Flynt"},{"name":"Riho Ikeda"},{"name":"Natalie Johnson"},{"name":"Quinn Keegan"},{"name":"Qiusen Lin"},{"name":"Lin Lu"},{"name":"Po Sheng Lu"},{"name":"Adrien McCulloch"},{"name":"Peter J. McEachern"},{"name":"Juliana Monteiro De Lamonica Freire"},{"name":"Margaret North"},{"name":"Ami Patel"},{"name":"Rachel Roessel"},{"name":"Alan Soroka"},{"name":"Priya Sorot"},{"name":"Aidan Suttlehan"},{"name":"Ashley Taylor"},{"name":"Julia Woods"},{"name":"Kristina Wright"},{"name":"Jennaveve Yost"}]},{"name":"phd","children":[{"name":"John A. Aitken"},{"name":"Julia Baines"},{"name":"Lauren N. P. Campbell"},{"name":"Tiancheng Chen"},{"name":"Shea Fyffe"},{"name":"Joanna Harris"},{"name":"Zion Howard"},{"name":"Zihao Jia"},{"name":"JeongJin Kim"},{"name":"MaryJo A Kolze"},{"name":"Kevin Loo"},{"name":"Annie Nottingham"},{"name":"Lida Ponce"},{"name":"Michael Shulman"},{"name":"Mina Son"},{"name":"Melissa Stiksma"},{"name":"Elisa M Torres"},{"name":"Carol Mindy Wong"},{"name":"Sarah Zarsky"},{"name":"Steven Zhou"}]}]},{"name":"cl","children":[{"name":"phd","children":[{"name":"Thomas Deakin"},{"name":"Jason Feinberg"},{"name":"Beth M Foote"},{"name":"Sarah T. Giff"},{"name":"Stefanie F Gonçalves"},{"name":"Stephanie Hargrove"},{"name":"Rafael Hernández Dubon"},{"name":"Aaron David Hunt"},{"name":"Gracie Grace Kelly"},{"name":"Kerry C. Kelso"},{"name":"Kathleen Hor Yan Khong"},{"name":"Mallory Kisner"},{"name":"Jennifer M. Loya"},{"name":"Roberto López Jr."},{"name":"Katherine D Maultsby"},{"name":"Claire E Niehaus"},{"name":"Naomi Pak"},{"name":"Kevin C Ramseur II"},{"name":"Irene Regalario"},{"name":"Mary Ryan (Fesalbon)"},{"name":"Shannon Schrader"},{"name":"Lauren Florence Seibel"},{"name":"Shane A Stori"},{"name":"Paige J Trojanowski"},{"name":"Maggie Webb"},{"name":"Emma D Whitmyre"}]}]}]},"options":{"hierarchy":["concentration","degree","student_name"],"input":null,"attribute":"leafCount","linkLength":null,"fontSize":9,"tooltip":false,"collapsed":true,"zoomable":false,"margin":{"top":20,"bottom":20,"left":88,"right":182.5},"fill":"lightsteelblue"}},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script> --- class: center ### .raininline[Embedding Music] .raininline[What if I wanted to show you my taste in music, so you could be disgusted?] ## 🤢 --- <iframe src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/playlist/4unxIYtG5uqtRWmw99QUpP?utm_source=generator" width="100%" height="380" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay data-external="1"; picture-in-picture"></iframe> --- # <i class="fas fa-clipboard-list" style="float:left"/></i> The List Goes On... -- ### <i class="fas fa-check-square" style="float:left"/></i> Automating document creation (e.g., surveys, emails, items) -- ### <i class="fas fa-check-square" style="float:left"/></i> Making websites and interactive web applications -- ### <i class="fas fa-check-square" style="float:left"/></i> Extracting information you want from PDFs and text documents -- ### <i class="fas fa-check-square" style="float:left"/></i> Managing data *efficiently* --- class: middle <img src="src/figs/fast.jpg" width="50%" style="float:right; margin-left:10px;" /> ## .heatinline[We can also do things...fast...real fast] --- class: center, middle #### Let's see how much time it would take to create a subscale—for example—for each of the .fancy[Big Five] personality factors. 10 items for each factor and 10,000 cases. -- ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;width:1em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M256,8C119,8,8,119,8,256S119,504,256,504,504,393,504,256,393,8,256,8Zm92.49,313h0l-20,25a16,16,0,0,1-22.49,2.5h0l-67-49.72a40,40,0,0,1-15-31.23V112a16,16,0,0,1,16-16h32a16,16,0,0,1,16,16V256l58,42.5A16,16,0,0,1,348.49,321Z"/></svg> .fatinline[How long should this take?] --- Here is some code, just ignore it for now... ```r # custom function that can be found at # https://github.com/Shea-Fyffe/PsychStudent/blob/main/R/spss_functions.R create_subscale <- function(x, FUNCT, pattern = NULL, ...) { if (!inherits(x, "data.frame")) { stop("x must be a data.frame") } if (!is.null(pattern)) { if (length(pattern) > 1) { pattern <- paste0(pattern, collapse = "|") } x <- x[grep(pattern, names(x))] } x <- apply(x, 1, FUN = FUNCT, ...) return(x) } # load data (I've stored it on dropbox) drop_box_url <- "https://www.dropbox.com/s/r00l6ud1xm7i8b1/5_data.csv?raw=1" p16_data <- read.csv(drop_box_url) # print the dimensions cat(paste0(c("rows", "columns"), ":", dim(p16_data))) ``` ``` rows:10000 columns:57 ``` --- class: middle #### Now that we have the data, let's time ourselves. Starting now... ```r # get the time t0 <- Sys.time() ``` -- ```r # get the name of the dimensions personality_dims <- gsub("^([A-Z]).*", "\\1", names(p16_data)[-c(1:7)]) # remove the duplicates personality_dims <- unique(personality_dims) *sum_subscales <- lapply(personality_dims, function(.pers_dim) { * create_subscale(p16_data, FUNCT = sum, pattern = .pers_dim) *}) # combine them with the original data new_p16_data <- data.frame(p16_data, setNames(sum_subscales, paste0(personality_dims, "_sum_subscale"))) # get end time t1 <- Sys.time() ``` --- class: center ## .saltinline[Let's see...] -- #### .fatinline[0.12 seconds!] --- ``` Rows: 10,000 Columns: 26 $ E10 <int> 4, 1, 4, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 2, 2, 1, 1, 3, 2, 3, 2, 1, 3, 4~ $ N1 <int> 4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 2, 4, 2, 3, 4, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 2, 1~ $ N2 <int> 4, 2, 4, 5, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 2, 5, 4, 4, 4, 3, 5, 3, 4, 3~ $ N3 <int> 4, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 2, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 2, 2~ $ N4 <int> 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 4, 3, 4, 2, 4, 2~ $ N5 <int> 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 2, 4, 3, 4, 5, 1, 1~ $ N6 <int> 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 3, 5, 4, 4, 4, 2, 1, 5, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3~ $ N7 <int> 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4~ $ N8 <int> 4, 2, 3, 1, 4, 4, 2, 3, 0, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4~ $ N9 <int> 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 2, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 5~ $ N10 <int> 3, 1, 1, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 1, 2, 3, 3, 1, 2, 4, 1, 1, 4~ $ O1 <int> 4, 3, 3, 2, 3, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3, 4~ $ O2 <int> 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 1, 3, 3, 4, 2, 5, 2, 2, 4, 3, 2, 5, 4, 3~ $ O3 <int> 3, 4, 3, 2, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5~ $ O4 <int> 4, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 3, 5, 2, 4, 3~ $ O5 <int> 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 4, 4~ $ O6 <int> 2, 2, 2, 4, 2, 4, 3, 4, 4, 1, 2, 4, 1, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 2~ $ O7 <int> 2, 2, 3, 5, 1, 2, 3, 2, 4, 3, 4, 4, 2, 5, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2~ $ O8 <int> 4, 3, 4, 4, 2, 5, 3, 4, 4, 1, 2, 4, 2, 4, 3, 4, 2, 1, 2~ $ O9 <int> 4, 4, 3, 5, 1, 3, 4, 4, 4, 2, 2, 4, 2, 4, 3, 4, 4, 1, 4~ $ O10 <int> 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 3, 4, 2, 1, 2~ $ A_sum_subscale <int> 29, 34, 34, 33, 31, 36, 31, 36, 35, 36, 43, 38, 38, 36,~ $ C_sum_subscale <int> 35, 30, 28, 29, 33, 27, 29, 29, 28, 28, 29, 23, 25, 33,~ $ E_sum_subscale <int> 29, 23, 25, 26, 26, 30, 21, 25, 28, 29, 31, 33, 28, 29,~ $ N_sum_subscale <int> 41, 37, 38, 41, 38, 40, 30, 38, 30, 32, 41, 30, 28, 36,~ $ O_sum_subscale <int> 32, 29, 29, 33, 28, 33, 35, 36, 41, 27, 34, 35, 30, 42,~ ``` --- class: middle, center # .raininline[**Activity:**] Pictionary .salt[ I will give you 1 of 5 prompts. Those on Zoom will be using emojis. Those in-person will be using paper and pencil. You'll have 2 minutes to communicate your prompt to your team. If you get it right you get a point. ] ### Setup time <div class="countdown" id="timer_6197e7c2" style="right:0;bottom:0;left:0;" data-warnwhen="0"> <code class="countdown-time"><span class="countdown-digits minutes">10</span><span class="countdown-digits colon">:</span><span class="countdown-digits seconds">00</span></code> </div> --- class: middle, center # .raininline[**Activity:**] Pictionary: Prompt 1 .salt[ Those of you with prompt 1 start drawing emoji'ing.] <div class="countdown" id="timer_6197e7f3" style="right:0;bottom:0;left:0;" data-warnwhen="0"> <code class="countdown-time"><span class="countdown-digits minutes">02</span><span class="countdown-digits colon">:</span><span class="countdown-digits seconds">00</span></code> </div> --- class: middle, center # .raininline[**Activity:**] Pictionary: Prompt 2 .salt[ Those of you with prompt 2 start drawing emoji'ing.] <div class="countdown" id="timer_6197ea7b" style="right:0;bottom:0;left:0;" data-warnwhen="0"> <code class="countdown-time"><span class="countdown-digits minutes">02</span><span class="countdown-digits colon">:</span><span class="countdown-digits seconds">00</span></code> </div> --- class: middle, center # .raininline[**Activity:**] Pictionary: Prompt 3 .salt[ Those of you with prompt 3 start drawing emoji'ing.] <div class="countdown" id="timer_6197ea62" style="right:0;bottom:0;left:0;" data-warnwhen="0"> <code class="countdown-time"><span class="countdown-digits minutes">02</span><span class="countdown-digits colon">:</span><span class="countdown-digits seconds">00</span></code> </div> --- class: middle, center # .raininline[**Activity:**] Pictionary: Prompt 4 .salt[ Those of you with prompt 4 start drawing emoji'ing.] <div class="countdown" id="timer_6197eb18" style="right:0;bottom:0;left:0;" data-warnwhen="0"> <code class="countdown-time"><span class="countdown-digits minutes">02</span><span class="countdown-digits colon">:</span><span class="countdown-digits seconds">00</span></code> </div> --- class: middle, center # .raininline[**Activity:**] Pictionary: Prompt 5 .salt[ Those of you with prompt 5 start drawing emoji'ing.] <div class="countdown" id="timer_6197e809" style="right:0;bottom:0;left:0;" data-warnwhen="0"> <code class="countdown-time"><span class="countdown-digits minutes">02</span><span class="countdown-digits colon">:</span><span class="countdown-digits seconds">00</span></code> </div> --- class: middle, center # .raininline[**Activity:**] Pictionary: Discussion ### How did everyone do? --- class: middle, center # .raininline[What is R?] --- class: middle # .raininline[What is R?] `SPSS`, `Excel`, `Google Docs` are software packages. Imagine communicating with people using only emojis. They are pre-packaged, easy to use, and can communicate things effectively (under certain circumstances)—this is like a *software package*. They have predefined functions, which allow you to pick an choose what you want to communicate to your computer. --- class: middle # .raininline[What is R?] `R` is a *programming language*, which are used to make software packages. For example, `SPSS` is written in the programming language `Java`. Imagine communicating with people by drawing. If you're bad at it, it becomes really obvious. It takes time to perfect. However, even with a basic understanding, you can communicate far more than emojis—you are able to draw your own pictures and write your own story. --- class: middle, center .rain[BREAK] <div class="countdown" id="timer_6197eb0c" style="right:0;bottom:0;left:0;" data-warnwhen="0"> <code class="countdown-time"><span class="countdown-digits minutes">10</span><span class="countdown-digits colon">:</span><span class="countdown-digits seconds">00</span></code> </div> --- class: middle, center # .raininline[Intuition] --- ### R has no intuition What is the answer to the calculation below? ```r 3(10) ``` --- ```r 3(10) ``` ``` Error in eval(expr, envir, enclos): attempt to apply non-function ``` --- class: center # .raininline[**Activity:**] What is this? ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;width:1em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M288 39.056v16.659c0 10.804 7.281 20.159 17.686 23.066C383.204 100.434 440 171.518 440 256c0 101.689-82.295 184-184 184-101.689 0-184-82.295-184-184 0-84.47 56.786-155.564 134.312-177.219C216.719 75.874 224 66.517 224 55.712V39.064c0-15.709-14.834-27.153-30.046-23.234C86.603 43.482 7.394 141.206 8.003 257.332c.72 137.052 111.477 246.956 248.531 246.667C393.255 503.711 504 392.788 504 256c0-115.633-79.14-212.779-186.211-240.236C302.678 11.889 288 23.456 288 39.056z"/></svg> --- class: center # .raininline[**Activity:**] What is this? ### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M296 464h-56V338.78l168.74-168.73c15.52-15.52 4.53-42.05-17.42-42.05H24.68c-21.95 0-32.94 26.53-17.42 42.05L176 338.78V464h-56c-22.09 0-40 17.91-40 40 0 4.42 3.58 8 8 8h240c4.42 0 8-3.58 8-8 0-22.09-17.91-40-40-40zM432 0c-62.61 0-115.35 40.2-135.18 96h52.54c16.65-28.55 47.27-48 82.64-48 52.93 0 96 43.06 96 96s-43.07 96-96 96c-14.04 0-27.29-3.2-39.32-8.64l-35.26 35.26C379.23 279.92 404.59 288 432 288c79.53 0 144-64.47 144-144S511.53 0 432 0z"/></svg> --- class: center ### It's merely a `symbol` that represents `data` or some `value` .large[ <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M296 464h-56V338.78l168.74-168.73c15.52-15.52 4.53-42.05-17.42-42.05H24.68c-21.95 0-32.94 26.53-17.42 42.05L176 338.78V464h-56c-22.09 0-40 17.91-40 40 0 4.42 3.58 8 8 8h240c4.42 0 8-3.58 8-8 0-22.09-17.91-40-40-40zM432 0c-62.61 0-115.35 40.2-135.18 96h52.54c16.65-28.55 47.27-48 82.64-48 52.93 0 96 43.06 96 96s-43.07 96-96 96c-14.04 0-27.29-3.2-39.32-8.64l-35.26 35.26C379.23 279.92 404.59 288 432 288c79.53 0 144-64.47 144-144S511.53 0 432 0z"/></svg> `<-` `"cocktail"` ] ### After `assigning` (`<-`) data to a symbol, we've created an `object` --- # .raininline[`R` starts with an understanding of a few things (e.g., numbers, letters, certain functions); however, most things need to be communicated to it.] ## It only knows the `objects` that are in it's `environment` --- ```r x ``` ``` Error in eval(expr, envir, enclos): object 'x' not found ``` #### Let's tell it what `x` is: ```r # x is 1 through 5 x <- 1:5 # now we ask R to interpret what we told it x ``` ``` [1] 1 2 3 4 5 ``` --- #### If we don't assign things `R` forgets... ```r "Hello, it's me" ``` ``` [1] "Hello, it's me" ``` ```r ls() ``` ``` [1] "all_students" "concentration" "create_subscale" "drop_box_url" [5] "get_gmu_students" "new_p16_data" "p16_data" "personality_dims" [9] "sum_subscales" "t0" "t1" "urls" [13] "x" ``` ```r y <- "Hello, it's me" ls() ``` ``` [1] "all_students" "concentration" "create_subscale" "drop_box_url" [5] "get_gmu_students" "new_p16_data" "p16_data" "personality_dims" [9] "sum_subscales" "t0" "t1" "urls" [13] "x" "y" ``` --- #### If we assign things to an object that `R` knows, it replaces that object Let's tell it what `x` is: ```r # what is y y ``` ``` [1] "Hello, it's me" ``` ```r # assign the new value 'goodbye' y <- "Goodbye" y ``` ``` [1] "Goodbye" ``` --- #### `R` want you to use symbols that are *syntactically* appropriate .heat[Don't lead with numbers] ```r 1z <- c("A", "B", "C") ``` ``` Error: <text>:1:2: unexpected symbol 1: 1z ^ ``` .heat[The letter `"A"` is different than the symbol `A`] ```r "A" <- c("A", "B", "C") ``` --- #### `R` is sensitive to case ```r # what was y again? y ``` ``` [1] "Goodbye" ``` ```r # let's try to replace it Y <- c("A", "B", "C") y == Y ``` ``` [1] FALSE FALSE FALSE ``` #### You can also use words (without quotes) ```r celebs <- c("Cher", "Jay-z", "Bono", "Adele") ``` ```r celebs[1:3] ``` ``` [1] "Cher" "Jay-z" "Bono" ``` --- class: middle, center # .raininline[So what?] --- .fat[this allows us to represent and manipulate lot's of data using just objects] ```r # let's split a large data.frame into multiple program_data <- split(all_students, all_students$concentration) ``` --- ```r # io head(program_data$io) ``` ``` concentration degree student_name 62 io ma Yasmeen Afsar 63 io ma Natalia Aguilar 64 io ma Sofie Alexandrides 65 io ma Nicole Aranda 66 io ma Georgia Bizzell 67 io ma Chelsea Blocker research_interest 62 Leadership, Selection, Diversity & Inclusion 63 Industrial/Organizational Psychology 64 Industrial/Organizational Psychology 65 <NA> 66 <NA> 67 Industrial/Organizational Psychology ``` ```r # clinical head(program_data$cl) ``` ``` concentration degree student_name 108 cl phd Thomas Deakin 109 cl phd Jason Feinberg 110 cl phd Beth M Foote 111 cl phd Sarah T. Giff 112 cl phd Stefanie F Gonçalves 113 cl phd Stephanie Hargrove research_interest 108 <NA> 109 Psychological well-being, emotion regulation, positive psychology 110 Clinical Psychology 111 Clinical Psychology: PTSD, trauma, couples, parenting, families, emotion socialization, military psychology, interpersonal impacts of psychopathology 112 Clinical Psychology: emotion, impulsivity, substance use, health risk behaviors, depression, adolescents, fMRI, heart rate variability 113 Clinical Psychology: Social justice in mental health services, violence against women and girls of color, Critical Race Theory, survivor-centered practice, program evaluation, and holistic health-based prevention and interventions. ``` --- class: middle, center # .raininline[Navigation] --- name: setup ## .raininline[Navigation]: Setup .suninline[Do you have R?] **Windows:**`C:\Program Files\R\...\Rgui.exe` **Mac:**`/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/library` .suninline[If you don't that's okay:] Install **R** from [CRAN for Windows](https://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows) **OR** [CRAN for Mac](https://cran.r-project.org/bin/macosx). If you have *Ubuntu*, you're free to go (you have bigger issues to solve). -- I recommended to using [RStudio](https://www.rstudio.com/products/rstudio/download). This is merely a software that sits atop R, it provides more functionality, and is more customizable—it makes things a lot easier. --- class: inverse, center, middle # Let's Begin --  --- class: inverse, center, middle ## .raininline[Open RStudio] --- class: middle, center .rain[BREAK] <div class="countdown" id="timer_6197e9ac" style="right:0;bottom:0;left:0;" data-warnwhen="0"> <code class="countdown-time"><span class="countdown-digits minutes">10</span><span class="countdown-digits colon">:</span><span class="countdown-digits seconds">00</span></code> </div> --- # .raininline[**Activity:**] Did you buy new furniture? #### one of the most common errors in R ```r a <- "blah" # print an object we don't have in our environment print(A) ``` ``` [1] "A" "B" "C" ``` --- # .raininline[**Activity:**] Did you buy new furniture? ### .saltinline[I'm going to give you some code, and I would like you to tell me what objects are in the environment] --- # .raininline[**Activity:**] Did you buy new furniture? ### .fatinline[Problem 1] ```r sfa <- "sofa from ikea" couch <- "leather" plant <- couch sfA <- sfa ``` --- ### .fatinline[Problem 1: Results] ```r ls() ``` ``` [1] "couch" "plant" "sfa" "sfA" ``` --- ### .fatinline[Problem 2] ```r plants <- c("plant", "palm", "ivy") recl1ner <- "layz-e-boy" stuff <- c(recl1ner, plants) rm(recl1ner) ``` --- ### .fatinline[Problem 2: Results] ```r ls() ``` ``` [1] "plants" "stuff" ``` --- ### .fatinline[Last one...Problem 3] ```r "sofa from ikea" ``` ``` [1] "sofa from ikea" ``` ```r coffee_table <- "wood" coffee_tablE <- "steel" ``` --- ### .fatinline[Problem 3: Results] ```r ls() ``` ``` [1] "coffee_table" "coffee_tablE" ``` --- class: center .sun[.fancy[Our journey ends here...]] <img src="https://media.giphy.com/media/A6PcmRqkyMOBy/giphy.gif" height="60%"/> --- name: byyeee class: inverse, center, middle ### <i class="fab fa-github-square" style="float:left"></i> https://github.com/Shea-Fyffe ### <i class="fab fa-linkedin" style="float:left"></i> https://linkedin.com/in/sheafyffe/ ### <i class="fas fa-envelope-open" style="float:left"></i> sfyffe@gmu.edu -- # Thank you! ## See you tommorrow! .large[👋] .rain[.fancy[Feel free to reach out if you have any questions]]